Voluntary income trends Cathy Pharoah Director of Research
Jan 19, 2016
Voluntary income trends
Cathy Pharoah
Director of Research
7.3 7.3
2
1.13
2.4
0
2.5
5
7.5
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
year
£ bn
2003
Total individual giving
Tax-efficient giving
Source:
Estimated growth in individual giving and tax-efficient giving
(adjusted for inflation at 2002 prices)
Individual giving as % of GDP 1972 - 2002
Sources: Giving USA (1995-2003; CAF's Individual Giving Surveys (1992-93); NCVO NOP Individual Giving Surveys (1995-2002). US GDP figures provided by US Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis – National Income and Product Accounts (adjusted for inflation). UK GDP figures provided by the Office of National Statistics – National Accounts
0.5
1.5
2.5
72 - 91 92 94 96 98 00 02 yr
%GDP
1.5%1.8%
1.9%
US
1.2%0.9%
UK
Market Potential – UK/US comparisons
Income US UK
$25,000 – 49,999 2.2% 1-2%
$50,000 – 74,999 2.6% <1%
$75,000 – 99,999 2.8% <1%
$100,000 – 199,999 3.4% <1%
$200,000 – 499,999 4.6% <1%
$500,000 – 999,999 5.6% <1%
$1,000,000 or more 13.3% 2%
Total charitable gifts ($) 113bn
Donations as % of income
(21bn given by top income band)
UK/US Comparison of giving as %
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
% of GDP (US) % of GDP (UK)
incl giving toreligionexcl giving toreligion
Source : Giving USA 2003, CAF/NCVO 2003, ONS 2003
UK Giving Pyramid 2003
£0.5-0.7bn
£1bn
£6.3bn
£1.5bn
Very wealthy
Mass affluent
General public
Legacies
Individuals, legacies, corporate + private family foundations
% of value of donations given by household income deciles 2003
2nd top13%
Top inc decile28%bottom half
31%
5th top7%
3rd top10%
4th top11%
Source : CAF Analysis of EFS Survey Data, ONS, 2003
Proportion of households giving to charity in the last fortnight, by income percentile
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
100.0
%
90.0
%
80.0
%
70.0
%
60.0
%
50.0
%
40.0
%
30.0
%
20.0
%
10.0
%
percentile
Ho
useh
old
in
co
me p
er
week
Proportion of income given to charity by giving household, by income percentile
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
100.0
%
90.0
%
80.0
%
70.0
%
60.0
%
50.0
%
40.0
%
30.0
%
20.0
%
10.0
%
percentile
Am
ou
nt
giv
en
to
ch
ari
ty a
s a
% o
f in
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me
Key statistics on tax-efficient charitable giving 2001-02 - 2002-04
2002
£ million
2003
£ million
2004
£ million
Total individual giving through Gift Aid 1,976 2,273
Tax reclaimed by charities on Gift Aid 435 512
Cost of reliefs to higher rate tax-payers 220 240 310
Total individual giving through the payroll*
0.073* 0.086*
Cost of payroll giving tax reliefs 20 25 30
Total share gifts 100
Inheritance tax reliefs 340 350 400
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
year
Gift Aid
Payroll giving
Tax Changes
Comparative annual % growth in real terms of different tax-effective giving schemes
(2 year moving average)
Growth in CAF’s Top 500 Grant-making trusts, 1997-2003 £bn
1997 2002-03
Grants 1 2.2
Income 1.5 3.4
Assets 20.1 27
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Top 500 incl GSK
Top 500 excl GSK
£m
Source: Charity Trends, CAF, 2004
Comparison of real terms change in Worldwide Community Investment with and without
GlaxoSmithKline contribution, 1998-2003
Total voluntary income of the Top 1000 fundraising charities
1998/99 – 2002/03 (£m)
3,4213,771
4,029
4,600
5,337
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
£m
The annual real growth of voluntary income of the Top 1000 fundraising charities,
1998/99-2002/03
9.6%
6.7%5.1%
12.3% 12.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Components of total income to the CAF top 500 charities 2002-03
Trading fees and contracts
21%
Rent & Investments
4%Donations, grants and fundraising
events34%
Legacies13%
National Lottery and charity shop
donated goods
6%
Public and other bodies
grants20%
Grants from affiliates and subsidiaries
2%
Total income of top 500 by area of welfare
Social Services27%
Health20%
International16%
Arts/culture13%
Faith-based Activities
8%
Environment10%
Other3%
Education3%
Legacies DonationsPublic grants Trading/oth Rent/Invest
Fees/contracts
Faith-based 5% 62% 2% 5% 7% 20%
Arts/culture 1% 33% 38% 4% 2% 23%
Education 1% 42% 27% 4% 1% 26%
Environment 27% 42% 10% 4% 4% 12%
Health 20% 40% 13% 7% 5% 15%
International 7% 56% 29% 3% 1% 4%
Soc services 12% 34% 16% 4% 3% 30%
Income composition of the major charity sub-sectors 2002-03
Distribution of legacies in top 500 by area of welfare
Health32%
International9%
Soc services27%
Environment21%
Other6%
Faith-based3%
Arts/culture1%
Education1%
Distribution of donations in top 500 by area of welfare
Faith-based12%
Arts/culture10%
Education3%
Environment10%
Health19%
International21%
Soc services22%
Other3%
Government Sector Total Voluntary
Health (excl. social protection**)
54,100 Health 1,689 1,017
Social protection
12,600 Social Care 2,314 1,086
DifD 3,500 International 1,394 875
DCMS 5,100 Arts/culture 1,107 370
DEFRA 8,300 Environment 825 570
DES 47,200 Education 278 117
TOTAL £m 130,800 7,607 4,035
* Source: Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses 2004** Source: Department of Health (DoH) Bulletin 2004/02: Personal Social Services Expenditure and Unit Costs: England: 2002-03. Social protection is part of the DoH.
Voluntary sector and government department spending priorities 2002-03
Value of donations in relation to public welfare expenditure
Total voluntary income within major service area is equal to:
2% of government expenditure on health;
8.6% of government expenditure on personal social services;
25% of government expenditure on international;
7.2% of government expenditure on arts and culture;
6.9% of government expenditure on environment;
0.3% of government expenditure on education.