VOLUME IV: DRAFT EIA & EMP REPORT · Draft Preliminary Project Report Part 1: Sambalpur-Rourkela Road (SH-10) Volume IV: Draft EIA & EMP Report RoW Right of Way RPDAC Rehabilitation

Joint Venture

Submitted By

For Project:

VOLUME IV: DRAFT EIA & EMP REPORT

ORISSAORISSADistance 162.5Km.

Km 52.500 Km 55.500

SH-10

NH-200

NH-23

NH-6

NH-42

NH-6 Start Point Km 4.900

Km 79.800

Km 85.300

End PointKm 167.400

OCTOBER 2008

“PPP Techno-Economic Feasibility Study and Transaction Advisor for Selected State Roads in

the State of Orissa”

Part 1: Sambalpur-Rourkela Road (SH-10)

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CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 IMPACT OF IMPROVEMENT MEASURES ............................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 NEED FOR ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT .............................................................................. 1-3 1.5 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF EIA ..................................................................................................... 1-4 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................... 1-7

CHAPTER 2: SAMBALPUR - ROURKELA PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................... 2-1

2.1 CORRIDOR DETAILS ................................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 PROJECT INTERVENTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 2-1

CHAPTER 3: LEGAL FRAMEWORK & ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES .................................... 3-1

3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 3-3 3.4 OTHER LEGISLATIONS APPLICABLE TO ROAD PROJECTS ................................................................ 3-4 3.5 SALIENT FEATURES OF IMPORTANT LAWS/REGULATIONS FOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ......... 3-5 3.6 SALIENT FEATURES OF IMPORTANT LAWS/REGULATIONS FOR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ........... 3-14 3.7 WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 3-19

CHAPTER 4: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS .................................................... 4-1

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................... 4-14

CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS ............................................... 5-1

5.1 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.2 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.3 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION FINDINGS .............................................................................................. 5-2

CHAPTER 6: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................................................ 6-1

6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 IMPACTS OF LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.3 IMPACTS DURING PROJECT DESIGN .................................................................................................... 6-1

CHAPTER 7: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES AND MITIGATION MEASURES ..................... 7-1

7.1 DESIGN STAGE – ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................................. 7-1 7.2 DESIGN STAGE - MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................ 7-4 7.3 PRE -CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION STAGE .......................................................................... 7-4 7.4 OPERATION STAGE ............................................................................................................................... 7-14

CHAPTER 8: ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ............................................ 8-1

8.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 8-1 8.2 HIGHWAY RELATED ENHANCEMENT MEASURES ............................................................................... 8-1 8.3 ADDITIONAL ENHANCEMENT MEAURES ............................................................................................... 8-3

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................... 9-1

9.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 9-1 9.2 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... 9-1

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WORKS DEPARTMENT, GOVT. OF ORISSA Consultancy Services for PPP Techno-Economic Feasibility Study and Transaction Advisor for Selected Roads in the State of Orissa

Draft Preliminary Project Report Part 1: Sambalpur-Rourkela Road (SH-10) Volume IV: Draft EIA & EMP Report

9.3 STAGES IN EMP ........................................................................................................................................ 9-1

CHAPTER 10: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .......................................................... 10-1

10.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 SUGGESTED INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 10-1 10.3 SUPERVISION & MONITORING OF IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITY ON EMP (CONCESSIONAIRE’S SELF AUDIT) ......................................................................................................................................................... 10-2 10.4 STANDARD SYSTEM OF SITE INSPECTIONS, REPORTING AND APPROVAL .................................. 10-4 10.5 MONITORING AND SUPERVISION BY EMU .......................................................................................... 10-5

CHAPTER 11: COSTS FOR MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES ................. 11-1

LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Details of Bypass Candidates ..................................................................................................................... 2-2 Table 2-2: Proposals for Bridges, Culverts and Underpasses ...................................................................................... 2-3 Table 3-1: The Legal Framework – Natural Environment ............................................................................................. 3-1 Table 3-2: The Legal Framework – Social and Cultural Environment .......................................................................... 3-3 Table 3-3: Applicability of Acts and Rules to Sambalpur-Rourkela project ................................................................. 3-13 Table 3-4: Summary of Clearance Requirements ...................................................................................................... 3-14 Table 4-1: Monthly average temperature in the region ................................................................................................. 4-1 Table 4-2: Average total monthly rainfall in the region ................................................................................................. 4-2 Table 4-3: Average monthly humidity levels ................................................................................................................. 4-2 Table 4-4: Surface Water Bodies across the Project Corridor ...................................................................................... 4-5 Table 4-5: Surface Water Bodies along the Project Corridor ....................................................................................... 4-6 Table 4-6: Surface water quality of rivers in the region ................................................................................................ 4-7 Table 4-7: Location of Surface Water Quality sampling stations .................................................................................. 4-8 Table 4-8: Results of Surface Water Quality samples, May 2008 ................................................................................ 4-9 Table 4-9: Ground Water Quality sampling locations ................................................................................................. 4-10 Table 4-10: On-site Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results, May 2008 ................................................................. 4-10 Table 4-11: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results of the Study Area ...................................................................... 4-11 Table 4-12: Locations of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations.............................................................................. 4-11 Table 4-13: On-site Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results, May 2008 ..................................................................... 4-12 Table 4-14: Educational institutions and Hospitals within proposed ROW ................................................................. 4-12 Table 4-15: Locations of Noise Level Monitoring Stations ......................................................................................... 4-13 Table 4-16: On-site Noise Level Monitoring Results .................................................................................................. 4-14 Table 4-17: Different types of the Forests in the project districts and in Orissa ......................................................... 4-14 Table 4-18: Forests Areas Identified along the Project Road ..................................................................................... 4-15 Table 4-19: Chainage wise Higher Density of Trees along the Project Road ............................................................. 4-15 Table 5-1: Consultation Mechanism at different Stages of Project Preparation ........................................................... 5-1 Table 5-2: Location wise suggestions provided during community consultations ........................................................ 5-2 Table 6-1: Details of Forest area to be diverted along project corridor ......................................................................... 6-2 Table 6-2: Impact on Ponds along the Project Corridor ............................................................................................... 6-3 Table 7-1: Details of Silt Fencing Location ................................................................................................................... 7-9 Table 7-2: Measures to minimise air pollution during the progress of work ................................................................ 7-10 Table 7-3: Mitigation Measures for Sensitive Receptors ............................................................................................ 7-11 Table 7-4: Type of wastes and scope for reuse ......................................................................................................... 7-12 Table 7-5: Mitigation and enhancement measures for ponds .................................................................................... 7-18 Table 7-6: Predicted Noise Levels at future years with proposed noise barrier ......................................................... 7-19 Table 8-1: Details of Proposed Underpasses along the Corridor ................................................................................. 8-1 Table 8-2: List of Bus Bays along SH-10 ..................................................................................................................... 8-2 Table 9-1: Action Plan for Pre-Construction Period...................................................................................................... 9-1

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Table 11-1: Environmental cost estimates ................................................................................................................. 11-1

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Project Corridor Map .................................................................................................................................. 1-2 Figure 4-1: Soil Types in the Study Area ...................................................................................................................... 4-3 Figure 4-2: Land use Pattern along the project corridor ............................................................................................... 4-4 Figure 4-3: Surface and Ground water sampling locations .......................................................................................... 4-8 Figure 4-4: Ambient air quality monitoring stations .................................................................................................... 4-11 Figure 4-5: Locations of Noise Level Monitoring Stations .......................................................................................... 4-13 Figure 6-1: Predicted concentration of air quality parameters (in µg/m3) in 2035 ......................................................... 6-5 Figure 7-1: Bypass alternatives of Rengali town .......................................................................................................... 7-2 Figure 7-2: Bypass alternatives of Jharsuguda town .................................................................................................... 7-2 Figure 7-3: Urban cross section (Conc 1R) with 40m restricted RoW .......................................................................... 7-3 Figure 7-4: Urban cross section (Conc 2R) with 30m restricted RoW .......................................................................... 7-3 Figure 7-5: Rural cross section (Conc R) with 34m restricted RoW ............................................................................. 7-3 Figure 7-6 Stone Pitching ............................................................................................................................................. 7-6 Figure 7-7: Depth Specification for Borrow Pit Along the Road .................................................................................... 7-6 Figure 7-8: Cross-sections of Silt Fencing ................................................................................................................... 7-8 Figure 7-9: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain .................................................................................................. 7-16 Figure 7-10: Rain Water Harvesting Structure ........................................................................................................... 7-17 Figure 7-11: Comparison of predicted noise levels with and without barriers (2035) ................................................. 7-19 Figure 7-12: Noise Barrier .......................................................................................................................................... 7-20 Figure 10-1: Environmental management monitoring program (EMMP) .................................................................... 10-1

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 4.1: Wind Speed and Wind Direction of the Study Area

Appendix 4.2: Land use pattern along project corridor

Appendix 6.1: Predicted Pollution levels at Various Receptors

Appendix- 7-1 Location details of Rainwater Harvesting Structures

Appendix 7-2: Location of the Ponds and Natural Depressions along project corridor

Appendix 9.1: Environment Management Plan

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ABBREVIATIONS ASI Archeological Survey of India BP Best Practices CAMPA Compensatory Afforestation fund Management and Planning Authority CD Cross Drainage CNM Community Noise Model CO Carbon Mono-Oxide CoI Committee on Infrastructure CoI Corridor of Impact CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPI Consumer Price Index CPR Common Property Resources DFO Divisional Forest Officer DoE Department of Environment EA Environmental Assessment EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EAC Expert Appraisal Committees EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMAP Environmental Management Action Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan EMU Environmental Management Unit FGD Focused Group Discussions GoI Govt.of India GoO Government of Orissa HC Hydro Carbon IE Independent Engineer INTACH Indian National Trust for Art. and Culture Heritage IRC Indian Road Congress LA Act Land Acquisition Act LAO Land Acquisition Officer MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MoST Ministry of Surface Transport MSL Mean Sea Level NGO Non-Government Organisations NOC No Objection Certificate NOx Nitrozen Oxides NPV Net Present Value NRRP National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation OD Operational Directives OP Operational Policy OPN Operational Policy Note OSPCB Orissa State Pollution Control Board OSRP Orissa State Roads Project OWD Orissa Works Department PA Protected Areas PAFs Project Affected Families PIU Project Implementation Unit PPP Public-Private Partnership PPR Preliminary Project Report PUC Pollution Under Control PUP Pedestrian Underpass R & R Resettlement and Rehabilitation RAP Rehabilitation Action Plan RF Reserve Forest

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RoW Right of Way RPDAC Rehabilitation and Periphery Development Advisory Committee RSP Rourkela Steel Plant RSPM Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter SAIL Steel Authority of India Limited SEIAA State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority SH State Highway SIA Social Impact Assessment SLCRR State Level Council on Resettlement and Rehabilitation SO2 Sulphur Di-oxide SPL Sound Pressure Levels SPM Suspended Particulate Matter TOR Terms of Reference VEC Valued Ecological Components VGF Viability Gap Funding VUP Vehicular Underpass

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Roads form the backbone of any emerging economy, more so India. The economic benefits of a newly constructed/ improved road, both in terms of direct and indirect benefits, are immense. In the recent past, in addition to acting as a boost to the economy, highway projects have emerged as an attractive investment option for the private sector. The standardization of documents and processes by the Committee on Infrastructure (CoI), Govt.of India (GoI) has been instrumental in giving a boost to the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mode of project implementation in various infrastructure sectors.

As per the strategic long-term vision of Government of Orissa (GoO) with respect to the improvement, operation and maintenance of road infrastructure in the State, the Orissa Works Department (OWD, the Client) has identified the need to upgrade four road stretches to be implemented on a BOT (Toll) format through the PPP mode. One of these project roads is the Sambalpur - Rourkela road (SH-10). This road has an approximate length of 162.5 km from Sambalpur (starting at rotary intersection with NH-6) to Rourkela (ending at the Vedvyas intersection with NH-23). The Concessionaire would be required to upgrade the project road to a four-lane divided carriageway configuration, as well as operate and maintain it for the entire concession period.

Accordingly, the Client has moved towards procuring developers/ concessionaires to finance, construct, maintain and operate the roads by tapping available central government financing under the VGF Scheme, if and as required. In this context, the Client has appointed the PwC – LASA Joint Venture (JV) as Transaction Advisors to undertake the following:

1. the PPP techno-economic feasibility study for the selected project roads; and

2. process the “in-principle” approval for financing under the GoI’s Viability Gap Fund (VGF) Scheme. Subsequently, in case a PPP solution for the selected roads is accepted, the Transaction Advisor will manage the bid process for the procurement of these roads, and for securing the final approvals under the VGF Scheme.

1.2 PROJECT CORRIDOR

The Project Highway connects Sambalpur to Rourkela. Its starts at Km 4/ 900 of SH-10 & the end point is at Km 167/ 400, which is in outskirts the city of Rourkela. Sambalpur is the divisional headquarters of the northern administrative division of the State - a very important commercial and educational center. In addition to this, it is also famous for its textiles and connects to the neighboring state of Chattisgarh.

At the other end, Rourkela is an industrial township in Orissa, with a 2 Million Tonne Per Annum (MTPA) capacity integrated iron and steel manufacturing plant owned by the public sector steel

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company Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), called the Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP). Besides this, there are many units producing sponge iron, cement, refractories etc in Rourkela. There are many other small ancillary industries in Rourkela catering to the needs of RSP and other industrial units.

ORISSAORISSADistance 162.5Km.

Km 52.500 Km 55.500

SH-10

NH-200

NH-23

NH-6

NH-42

NH-6 Start Point Km 4.900

Km 79.800

Km 85.300

End PointKm 167.400

Figure 1-1: Project Corridor Map

1.3 IMPACT OF IMPROVEMENT MEASURES

The proposed improvement measures envisaged to be implemented through the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) mode will have both positive outcomes as well as few adverse impacts.

1.3.1 Positive impacts

The broad objective of the present project is widening of the two lanes facility to four lanes to accommodate the rapid growth of traffic in the corridor. The project shall:

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• Accelerate regional economic development in terms of industry, tourism and agriculture,

• Reduce vehicle operating and maintenance costs by improving road conditions,

• Reduce journey time by minimizing congestion in urban centers and providing a four lane facility,

• Minimize road accidents by increasing road widths, improving intersections and road geometry,

• The project may also generate local employment opportunities through the construction activities and local business.

• Abatement of ambient air and noise pollution in comparison to a do-nothing situation,

1.3.2 Negative impacts

The proposed improvement work in the road corridor will be primarily confined to public land i.e. the existing Right of Way (RoW), which is under the control of Orissa Works Department (OWD). But, widening of the corridor by two additional lanes requires widening of the existing RoW (approximately 30m) to 45m in most part. This will lead to expropriation of land and other assets like water bodies, trees, common property resources and individually owned assets from the current owners/users. This will also cause disruption of existing environment and social set up and direct economic loss for asset losers and their families in the process. In addition, the project may impact the existing environmental and social conditions during its operation i.e. after its full stages of development.

To identify such impacts, attempt have been made to record the perceptions of community about the negative impacts of the project, through road side interviews and community consultations at few stretches. The major adverse impacts as identified during such discussions include:

• Loss of agricultural, residential and business properties.

• Loss of trees, green tunnels and other natural resources

• Loss of common property resources i.e. tube wells, dug wells, drinking water tap points, tanks etc.

• Loss of infrastructure facilities,

• High risk for pedestrians and slow moving traffic, and

• Increase in pollution.

1.4 NEED FOR ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Unless a sustainable approach to road development is followed benefits of the proposed development works will be highly skewed in terms of project beneficiaries. Hence, it is imperative that measures to mitigate negative impacts of development activity on existing social and environmental set up of the project area are in-built into the project development. Such a strategy involves three basic steps as follows:

• Assessment of existing natural and social environment and identification of full range of impacts,

• Quantification of these impacts,

• Mitigation measures to counter or reduce the intensity of these impacts.

Thus Environmental Assessment (EA) forms an integral part of any planning process of road project and this applies to the present project as well. EIA has also been made a mandatory

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requirement for large scale and environmentally sensitive development projects by environment protection laws of the country. It is an important tool for integrating the objectives of environmental management with the requirements of economic growth and social development. It serves as a valuable tool for eliminating or mitigating the undesirable effects of contemplated actions on the environment by appropriate modification in the planning, designing construction and operational phases. EA present a clear and concise picture of the benefits and cost in terms of natural and cultural assets as well as social values associated with alternate courses of action. It is indeed the most valuable, interdisciplinary and objective decision making tool with respect to alternate routes for development, process technologies and project sites.

1.5 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF EIA

1.5.1 Project influence area

In order to formulate the scope of EIA the spatial and temporal boundaries of the project has to be established. These have been explained in the subsequent paragraphs.

1.5.1.1 Spatial boundaries:

(a) Direct area of influence

The proposed RoW is the primary boundary defining the area within which all construction and operation stage activities will be contained. All building structures and trees within this zone will be removed to facilitate construction of the road. The utility lines will be shifted to the outer edge of the proposed RoW to the utility corridor.

In order to reduce diversion of precious forest lands and removal of adjacent building structures in heavily built up stretches the proposed RoW has been reduced to the extent possible by introducing relatively expensive methods such as provision of concrete drains and retaining structures.

(b) Indirect area of influence

A distance of 10km on either side of the corridors was used to define the indirect area of influence. Within such area of indirect influence environmental features that are important in a regional scale and have perceivable linkages with the project roads, such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, protected forests, archaeological and cultural/religious sites were considered.

1.5.1.2 Temporal boundaries

The project implementation period and start of operation are two important periods in terms of environmental impact and management. These boundaries are defined as follows:

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(a) Project preparation stage

Project preparation stage involves feasibility study, planning and design stage of the project. The work involved pavement design, highway design, and design of structures and environmental and social impact evaluation of the project.

(b) Construction Period:

The expected construction period is 36 months for the project. In the discussion of environmental assessment, this period will be referred to as the construction phase.

(c) Operational Period:

The discussion of Environmental Assessment refers to the general time periods when the road will be made operational in the future, which is expected to be the last quarter of 2011.

1.5.2 Scope of EIA

The scope of this EIA study is based on the legal requirements as per the EIA Notification 14 September 2006, under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986. At the Feasibility Report stage of the project development, environmental screening of the project road was undertaken in detail to assess the environmental issues involved in implementation of project at each and every chainage points. The same was presented to the ‘Expert Committee on Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous Projects, Ministry of Environment and Forests held on 22nd May, 2008 at Kolkata. The present project is a Category ‘B’ project due to width of land acquisition being more than 20m at bypass and toll plaza locations. However, due to the absence of a State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) in Orissa it is being treated as Category ‘A’ project (refer Box 1-1).

In addition to the above, the operational policy OP 4.01 of the World Bank and laws related to environmental management and pollution control in India were followed. The legal procedures on land acquisition; tree felling, compensatory afforestation and preparation of rehabilitation and resettlement plan were also followed while preparing this project document.

The sections of road corridor exhibiting high degree of natural environment or social problems were identified for change in designs. The road sections indicating less damage to natural and social environments were considered as such without any change in designs. Based on requirements at field conditions and previous experience of other road projects, Scoping was done to prepare a list of environmental parameters (terms of reference) to be studied for preparation of this EIA report. On the basis of such an exercise detailed EIA study was conducted throughout the road corridor to identify and record impacts in detail along with mitigation measures.

The Public Consultation/Hearing has not been conducted as per the requirement of notification at this stage. But to record the opinion of public regarding perceived positive and negative impacts

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of the Project and other environmental and social issues of the Project area, community consultation was organized by the study team at few locations along the road corridor. Public hearing along with public consultations at additional locations will be undertaken in the Final PPR stage.

Box 1-1: EIA notification of MOEF Dated 14th September 2006 & requirements for the present project

The new notification for EIA has been issued by Ministry of Environment and Forests on 14th September 2006 and this notification surpass all other earlier notification of MOEF in this regard. TheEnvironment Clearance for the project is governed by the procedures suggested in this notification.

The present project is a Category ‘B’ project due to width of land acquisition being more than 20m at bypass and toll plaza locations. However, due to the absence of a State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) in Orissa it is being treated as Category ‘A’ project. The Environment Clearance for this category “A” projects will be granted by Ministry of Environment and Forests in the Central Government.

The environment clearance process for any category “A” Project has to pass through four different stages i.e., Screening, Scoping, Public Consultation and Appraisal. In the Screening stage, project will be screened by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of MOEF to assess the need for detailed EIA study for grant of Environment Clearance. Then under Scoping stage, detailed and comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA will be suggested by EAC to address all relevant environmental concerns in the preparation of an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the project.

Then “Public Consultation” will be carried out in project area by which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate. After completion of the public consultation, all the material environmental concerns expressed during this process will be included in the draft EIA and EMP. The final EIA report, so prepared, shall be submitted to the concerned regulatory authority i.e. MOEF for appraisal and subsequent grant of environment clearance

1.5.3 Objective of EIA

The key objectives of the present Environmental assessment exercise are:

• Study the existing environmental and social condition of the project influence area,

• Assess potential environmental impacts associated with the project;

• Assess need for integration of environmental considerations into the project’s detailed engineering design;

• Assess alternative project designs and provide environmental safeguard inputs into project design;

• Design adequate and practical mitigation and management measures to be implemented during road construction and operation to avoid or minimize adverse impacts;

• Prepare an Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) for safeguard of environmental issues

1.5.4 Methodology of EIA

The Environmental Assessment exercise of the project was conducted through the following steps:

• Review of Background Information/policy guidelines/legal documents (refer Chapter 3),

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• Collection of Secondary Information/data (refer Chapter 4),

• Use of findings of Environment Screening exercise undertaken in the Feasibility stage,

• Generation of environmental baseline data through surveys (refer Chapter 4)

• Community Consultation – Public Participation and views, suggestions,

• Assessment of Impacts; Environmental, Wildlife and Social (refer Chapter 6),

• Preparation of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures and EMAP (refer Chapters 7 to 10)

• Cost estimation to server as inputs for Economic Evaluation of the project (refer Chapter 11)

1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The present report comprises the following chapters, apart from this Chapter 1: Introduction.

• Chapter 2: Sambalpur Rourkela project description This chapter covers the description of context of the project corridor. The proposed improvement measures of the project highway have also been summarized.

• Chapter 3: Legal Framework and Administrative policies This chapter describes the legal and administrative context of the project corridor. The mandatory legislative requirements of the project have been laid out.

• Chapter 4: Baseline Environmental conditions This chapter covers baseline environmental context of the project corridor and the region. .

• Chapter 5: Findings of Community Consultations Chapter 5 discusses the community consultations undertaken so far and the key issues raised during these meetings. Measures taken to incorporate the suggestions are also presented.

• Chapter 6: Potential Environmental Impacts This chapter presents the likely environmental impacts based on study of baseline conditions, community consultations and proposed improvement measures.

• Chapter 7: Analysis of Alternatives and Mitigation Measures Chapter 7 describes the alternatives considered during design stage and the proposed mitigation measures to address environmental concerns during construction and operation stages of the project.

• Chapter 8: Environmental Enhancement Measures The chapter presents the enhancement measures proposed in addition to the mitigation measures suggested in the previous chapter.

• Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan The chapter presents a detailed description of the management measures to be followed during pre-construction, construction and operation stages of the project.

• Chapter 10: Institutional Arrangements Institutional arrangements to implement the environment management plan during pre-construction, construction and operation stages, has been presented in chapter 10.

• Chapter 11: Costs for Mitigation and Management Measures Cost Estimates for mitigation and management measures have been presented in the present chapter. These costs have been utilized for Economic Analysis of the proposed project.

CHAPTER 2: SAMBALPUR - ROURKELA PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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CHAPTER 2: SAMBALPUR - ROURKELA PROJECT

DESCRIPTION

2.1 CORRIDOR DETAILS

As stated earlier, the Project Highway connects Sambalpur, starting at Km 4/ 900 of SH-10 and Rourkela at Km 167/ 400. The project highway consists of four homogeneous sections from traffic point of view:

1. Sambalpur-Jharsuguda: having significant industrial development,

2. Jharsuguda-Sundergarh: having extensive rural and forest development,

3. Sundergarh-Rajgangpur having extensive rural and forest development, and

4. Rajgangpur-Rourkela: having significant industrial development.

The project highway is currently a two-lane highway with paved shoulders carriageway configuration and is presently being tolled at three locations.

2.2 PROJECT INTERVENTIONS

2.2.1 Proposed Design Modifications

Improvement proposals for highway development basically consist of two major components, functional and structural.

• Functional components address geometric improvement and visible dimensions of the roadway. Improvement proposals apropos functional components manifested in appropriate horizontal and vertical alignments, sight distance availability, lateral and vertical clearances, intersection treatment etc aim improved design speed, road safety and also cover facilities such as proper intersection treatments, truck lay-by, bus bays, way side amenities, toll plaza etc.

• Structural components deal with design aspects for pavement, CD structures, bridges and embankments i.e. the ability of the highway to adequately carry and support the vehicle/ wheel loads over the design period. Improvement proposals apropos structural components on the other hand calls for detailed evaluation of widening options, concentric or eccentric widening of the existing road as dictated by site situations like available ROW, existing utilities, terrain, etc., and also existing structural conditions, both for pavement and CD structures.

While intermittently settlements are present, the project corridor predominantly traverses through rural areas. The RoW along the project road varies from 13m to 90m with an average RoW of 36m. However in some rural stretches industries and agricultural lands are also there abutting the project road. The rural sections in plain/rolling terrain along the project road do not pose any major concern except for acquiring additional land to make a total land width of 45m as ROW which would call for acquisition of some structures along the corridor.

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The choices available for widening in rural areas are i) Concentric widening and ii) Eccentric widening. In order to utilize the existing two lanes of the project corridor and avoid two longitudinal construction joints on either side, the latter is the preferred choice. This also ensures uninterrupted traffic movement during construction.

However, to minimize conflicts on account of one side land acquisition especially in the settlement stretches concentric widening has been adopted. The decision of the side for eccentric widening was dependent on which side merits preference and the distance of the existing centerline from the RoW boundaries. The factors influencing the preference are:

• Availability of land;

• Geometric improvement;

• Utility Lines;

• Terrain – Plain, Rolling or Hilly;

• Ribbon developments and settlements; and

• Environmental and Social concerns.

There are some settlements with ribbon developments along the project road namely Rengali, Jharsuguda and Kutra. These settlements require realignments because of continuous developments with buildings very close to the existing carriageway, poor geometry and non-availability of RoW. It would not be possible to accommodate a four lane cross section through these settlements within the available ROW without significant acquisition of land and structures. Essential features of these realignments are given in the table below.

Table 2-1: Details of Bypass Candidates S.No

Existing Chainage Design Chainage Length of

existing road bypassed

Length (km) of bypass

Side of existing

road

Settlement Name

From To From To

1 22622 24287 22600 24050 1.665 1.450 Right Rengali 2 52539 63375 52200 61500 10.836 9.300 Left Jharsuguda 3 130244 131375 128200 129500 1.131 1.300 Right Kutra

2.2.2 Proposed Cross Drainage / Bridge improvement works

The project road is being widened from two to four lanes. Depending upon the present structural condition, available width of carriageway and history/ past record of submergence of the existing carriageway, the recommendations for structures include the following:

• New bridge of 2-lane carriageway on the side of the existing structure

• Widening of the existing structure to match four-lane requirement

• Reconstruction for structurally inadequacy

• 2 separate new bridge each of 2-lane carriageway construction

• Repair and rehabilitation

• Protection of pier foundation against scours and bank protection.

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The summary of recommendations for all structures is presented in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2: Proposals for Bridges, Culverts and Underpasses

Type of Structures New

Construction Major Repair

Minor Repair

Widening Reconstruction No

Work 1. Major Bridge 5 3 2 1 0 1 2. Minor Bridges 29 3 8 28 1 9 3. ROB 3 1 0 0 0 4. RUB 1 - - - 1 4. Flyovers 2 - - - - 5. Underpass 16 - - - - 6. Slab Culverts 0 - 212 0 0 7. Box Culverts 13 - 8 0 0 8. Hume Pipe 10 - 49 39 0 Total Nos. of Structures 79 6 11 298 40 28

CHAPTER 3: LEGAL FRAMEWORK & ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES

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CHAPTER 3: LEGAL FRAMEWORK &

ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Roads are essential components for regional development of a country. Better roads lead to better communications through efficient transport systems. Increase in economic activities lead to increase in traffic movement on roads. To cater to increase in traffic improvement of existing roads by widening is needed. Such improvement measures in turn adversely impacts certain aspects of the environment such as atmospheric quality, water quality of rivers, streams, ponds, soil quality, noise level etc.

In 1976 the 42nd Constitutional Amendment created Article 48A and 51A, placing an obligation on every citizen of the country to attempt to conserve the environment. As a result, a number of laws related to environment were passed to strengthen the existing legislation. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is the landmark legislation as it provides for the protection of environment and aims at plugging the loopholes in the other related acts.

The Ministry of Environment and Forest made it mandatory for introducing environment assessment into the planning process of road projects as well as environmental impact appraisal as per Environmental Protection Act, 1986. The MoEF have assigned all central and State authorities to develop policies towards protection of environment for any infrastructure development activities as per the act. The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) has overall authority for the administration and implementation of government policies, laws and regulations. At the state level, the Department of Environment and Forest implement the MoEF authority.

In the present project the environment acts, policy guidelines of both State and Central Government will be applicable. As these acts/regulations have varying procedures, requirements depending on type of Project, a detailed discussion is required in this report to study the extent of applicability, procedures and requirements to be met by the implementing authorities. The following subsections summarized the legislative framework in which the present project will be addressed with respect to the environment including social issues.

3.2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

The relevant policies, laws, regulations, and guidelines that govern the issues of natural environment associated with planning, construction and operation of the present project are summarized in Table 3-1. It includes all central, state and World Bank guidelines.

Table 3-1: The Legal Framework – Natural Environment Law/Regulation/

Guidelines Relevance Responsible Agency

The Environmental The various aspects of the Environment (Protection) Act and MoEF. GoI; DoE,

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Law/Regulation/ Guidelines

Relevance Responsible Agency

(Protection) Act, 1986, and Rules, 1987-2006 (various)

Rules apply to the road construction projects. The standards for discharge of pollutants in the atmosphere and noise levels are fixed. These standards are directed primarily at the industrial pollution, but are also applicable to road construction activity.

GoO; CPCB; OSPCB

The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 and Notification Dt. 14th September 2006

Identifies highways (Item 21 of schedule I in Notification, 1994 and Item 7f in Notification Dt 14th September 2006) as one of the projects requiring prior clearance from the GoI, MoEF. 10 April 1997 MoEF Notification provides that environmental clearance need not be obtained from the MoEF for Highway projects relating to improvement work including widening and strengthening of roads with marginal land acquisition along the existing alignments provided the highways do not pass through ecologically sensitive areas such as National Park, Sanctuaries, Tiger Reserve, Reserve Forest, etc. State Pollution Control Board empowered to hold public hearing for all projects requiring environmental clearances from the MoEF.

MoEF. GoI; DoE, GoO; OSPCB; CPCB

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

Applies to natural forest areas - Authority to issue clearance: if area of forest >10ha (10ha in hilly area) –Central Government; >5ha–10ha - Regional Office of Chief Conservator of Forests; <5ha - State Government; (4) if tree density >40%, permission for any work must come from the Central Government, regardless of area of forest to be cleared. The GoI, MoEF Notification of 18 February 1998 provides that the clearance to fell roadside plantations may be given by concerned Regional Office of MoEF, provided that at least two trees must be planted for each tree felled. If, decision not made within 30 days of receipt of application, the proponent agency may proceed under intimation to State Forest Department and the MoEF.

Forest Department, GoO (for land conversion below 5 hectare & 40% density).

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

Provides for the creation, conservation and protection of National Parks and Sanctuaries.

Wildlife Warden, Forest Dept., GoO.

National Forest Policy, 1952, 1988 (Rev.)

To maintain ecological stability through preservation and restoration of biological diversity.

Forest Department, GoI and GoO

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

Central and State Pollution Control Board to establish/enforce water quality and affluent standards, monitor water quality, prosecute offenders, and issue licenses for construction/operation of certain facilities.

OSPCB

The Air (Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Empowers OPCB to set and monitor air quality standards and to prosecute offenders, excluding vehicular air and noise emission.

OSPCB & Transport Department.

Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989; 2006. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Chemical

The rules prescribe the details of management of hazardous industrial solid wastes from its generation to final disposal (cradle to grave) and fixes responsibilities on the generator, the transporter and the disposal agent. Requirement of preparation of on-site and off-site Disaster Management Plans for accident-prone areas. Special responsibilities are fixed on

State Government and OSPCB

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Law/Regulation/ Guidelines

Relevance Responsible Agency

Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996.

the managers of hazardous industries, Factory Inspectorates, Pollution Control Boards, local and district authorities, the State Government and the Central Government.

The Motor Vehicular Act, 1988 Central Motor Vehicles Rules, State Motor Vehicles Rules

Empowers State Transport Authority to enforce standards for vehicular pollution. In August 1997 the “Pollution Under Control Certificate” was launched to reduce vehicular emissions.

Transport Department, State Government.

Guidelines for Rail, Road and Highways Projects, 1989

Issued by the MoEF and the MoST, not binding. However, serves the purpose of a useful framework for environmental reporting

MoEF & MoST

The Noise Pollution Control Act, 1990.

The MoEF for various categories of area has promulgated the standards for noise for day and night.

OSPCB

The Mining Act The mining act has been notified for safe and sound mining activity.

Orissa State Department of Mining

Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2004

Leases for mining of construction materials and STP for borrow pits

Department of Mines and Geology Govt. of Orissa.

World Bank Guidelines

Operational Policies (OP)/Bank Practices (BP)/Good Practices (GP) 4.01 4.02, 4.04 and BP 17.50 Disclosure of Operational Information

World Bank

3.3 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The laws, regulations, and guidelines that govern the issues of social and cultural environment associated with planning, construction and operation of the project are summarized in Table 3-2.

Table 3-2: The Legal Framework – Social and Cultural Environment Laws/Regulations Relevance Responsible Agency

The Land Acquisition Act, (Amended up to 1984) GoO.

Governs acquisition of land under eminent domain for defined public purposes and compensation there for.

Revenue Department.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 & Notification, Dt 14 September 2006.

Makes the preparation of a project-specific RAP mandatory. The RAP must address, among other things; protection against loss of livelihood; community support systems and infrastructure; loss of productive resources and minimization of displacement. The GoI, MoEF Notification of 10 April 1997 empowers the State Pollution Control Board to hold public hearing for all projects requiring environmental clearances from the MoEF.

MoEF. GoI; DoE, GoO; OSPCB; CPCB

Orissa Resettlement & Rehabilitation Policy 2006

All R & R issues need to be addressed within the guidelines & provisions made in the policy

OWD and Revenue Department, GoO

The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

Area within 100m of protected property is protected and within 300m is a zone of controlled development; any development within such areas requires prior authorization of the ASI.

Archaeological Dept. GoI, Indian Heritage Society, Indian National Trust for Art. and Culture Heritage (INTACH).

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Laws/Regulations Relevance Responsible Agency World Bank Guidelines

Social Safeguard Policies (OP) 4.12 for Involuntary Resettlement, OD 4.20 for Indigenous People development plan, OPN 11.03 for Cultural property and BP 17.50 Disclosure of Operational Information

World Bank

Labour Act, 1986

Payment of minimum wages and incentives to laborers Department of Labour Government of Orissa

3.4 OTHER LEGISLATIONS APPLICABLE TO ROAD PROJECTS

During road construction stage generally equity, safety and health issues of workers and public are involved. The PPP project is to be implemented complying with laws of the land, which include inter allia, the following:

• Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 (the Act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment);

• Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years);

• Employees PF and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952 (the Act provides for monthly contributions by the employer plus workers);

• Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 (the Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women employees in case of confinement or miscarriage, etc.);

• Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (the Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour);

• Minimum Wagers Act, 1948 (the employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum Wages fixed by appropriate Government);

• Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (it lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers);

• Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 (the Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female employees);

• Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (the Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a minimum of 8.33% of wages and maximum of 20% of wages);

• Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (the Act lays down the machinery and procedure for resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment);

• Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 (the Act provides for laying down rules governing the conditions of employment);

• Trade Unions Act, 1926 (the Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions of workers and employers. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities);

• Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (the Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry);

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• Inter-State Migrant Workmen’s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 (the inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home to the establishment and back, etc);

• The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 (all the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are covered under this Act; the employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the workplace, etc.);

• The Factories Act, 1948 (the Act lays down the procedure for approval of plans before setting up a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours and rendering information regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated authorities);

3.5 SALIENT FEATURES OF IMPORTANT LAWS/REGULATIONS FOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1 Forest (Conservation) Act

This Act is of particular significance in case the project corridor requires acquisition of forestland. The Forest (Conservation) Act (1927) was amended in 1980 in an attempt to check the rapid deforestation occurring throughout India. At the state level, the government was empowered to declare reserve and protected forest and was also given the authority to acquire land for extension and preservation of the forests. An advisory Committee was formed to supervise compliance, within other government departments. In December 1996, a Supreme Court Judgment further defined the types of forests to be protected. In the present case this act will be applicable for all the roads irrespective of the presence or absence of reserved or protected forest along the road corridors as per the prevailing legal positions. But some of the roads pass within 10 km impact zone of wildlife sanctuary, elephant reserve and Biosphere Reserve buffer and transition zone as well as across the elephant corridors/passages for which the Wildlife (Protection) Act, rules and executive orders becomes mandatory to the followed. The Forest (conservation) Act 1980 was promulgated by GOI to regulate indiscriminate diversion, acquisition and destruction of forested land for various projects, which are nonforest uses by agencies of state and central govt. well as private or corporate agencies. The Act has undergone several changes the latest being in the year 1988. The Forest (Conservation) Rules 1981 was amended in 2003 and 2004. Few amendments out of which 2004 has been challenged in the Apex court and its operation have been stayed. The Act prohibits diversion of any forestland for any non-forestry purpose and certain activities in the forestry operations by even forest department. As per the Section – 2 of the Act, the definition of forestland include not only forest as understood in the dictionary sense, but any area recorded as forest in the Government record irrespective of its ownership. The provisions enacted in the forest conservation Act 1980 for the conservation of forests and the matters connected there which shall apply clearly to all forests so understood irrespective of the ownership or classification there of.

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The term “Forest land” mentioned in Section 2 of the Act refers to Govt. Reserved Forest, Protected forest or any area recorded as forest in the Govt. records. Lands, which are notified under section 4 of Indian Forest Act, would also come within the preview of the Act (Supreme courts Judgment in NTPC’s case). It would also include ‘forest’ as understood in the dictionary sense (Supreme Courts order dt 12.12.1996 in WP No.202/1995). All proposals for diversion of such areas for any non-forestry purpose, irrespective of its ownership would require prior approval of the Central Govt.

(Boulders, bajri, stone etc. in the river beds located within forest areas would constitute a part of the forest land and their removal would require prior approval of Central Government)

Submission of proposal as described in the Handbook:

Diversion of Forestland within Reserved Forest:

Any proposal for diversion of Reserve Forest should be very carefully examined and detailed justification after exhausting all alternatives for locating the project in this forest area should be given while forwarding the proposal. It is essential to have the opinion of the local people whenever the project is coming up in the area. Therefore any proposal for diversion of forestland should be accompanied by a resolution of the “Aam Sava” of the Gram Panchayat or local body of the area endorsing the proposal that the project is in the interest of the people. Map of the forest area required showing boundary of adjoining forests etc. is to be furnished along with the prescribed form No. ‘A’. This should normally be on 1:50000 scale original Survey of India topo sheets.Species wise, diameter class wise abstracts of trees to be felled should be furnished in the prescribed form. Total enumeration of such trees is necessary only up to 10 ha. For larger areas species wise and diameter class wise abstract of trees may be computed either from the Working plans or by standard sampling methods.

Compensatory Afforestation:

Compensatory afforestation is one of the most important conditions stipulated by the Central Govt. while approving proposal for diversion of forestland for non-forest use. It is essential that a comprehensive scheme for compensatory afforestation is formulated and submitted to the Central Govt. The scheme should include details of non-forestland or degraded forestland identified for compensatory afforestation, map of the areas to be taken up for compensatory afforestation, year wise phased forestry operations, details of species to be planted and suitability certificate from afforestation/management point of view along with cost structure of various operations to be furnished. The compensatory afforestation schemes must have technical and administrative approvals, from the competent authority and should be in conformity with cost norms based on species, type of forestland and site conditions. Where non forest land for compensatory afforestation is not available compensatory, afforestation may be carried out over twice the area of degraded forests subject to production of certificate of non availability of non forest land within the entire state for compensatory afforestation from the Chief Secretary of the state.

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Components of Scheme for Compensatory Afforestation:

a) Details of equivalent non-forest or degraded forestland identified for raising compensatory afforestation.

b) Delineation of Proposed area on a suitable map

c) Agency responsible for afforestation.

d) Details of work schedule proposed for compensatory afforestation.

e) Cost structure of Plantations, provision of funds and mechanism to ensure that the funds will be utilized for raising afforestation.

f) Details of proper monitoring mechanism.

Non-forestlands identified for compensatory afforestation are to be transferred to the Forest department and declared as Reserved or Protected forests so that the plantation raised can be maintained permanently. The transfer and notification must take prior to the commencement of the project. This has been modified later by MoEF to ensure notification under Indian Forest Act under section 4 or 26 as Proposed Reserved Forest or Reserved Forest. The Nodal officer is to ensure final notification as RF within 6 months. The honorable Supreme Court of India in their orders on 30.10.2002 in 1A No.566 writ petition (Civil) No. 202 of 1995 have directed regarding the creation of a body for “Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Agency” to be constituted in each state. This body will look after the receipt of such compensatory afforestation fund from the user agency, the net present value of forest land (NPV) fund, the catchments area treatment fund, the wild life management plan fund etc. for the conditions stipulated by the Central Govt. Compensatory Afforestation fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) has been notified in the official gazette on 23rd April-2004 by GOI. Applicability of the provisions of this act to the linear plantations was modified by notifications from the GoI, MoEF, dated 18th February 1998. The spirit behind the Forest (Conservation) Act was conservation of natural forest, and not strip plantation. In case of the “notification to be protected” road side plantations, the clearance now may be given by the concerned Regional Offices of the MoEF, irrespective of the area of plantation lost. While issuing the approval, in place of normal provision for compensatory Afforestation, the Regional Offices will stipulate a condition that Afforestation to be compensated in planting two times for felling down of every tree. If the concerned Regional Offices do not accord the decision within 30 days of the receipt of fully completed application, the proponent agency may proceed with the widening/expansion under intimation to the State Forest Department and MoEF. The approval requires that all forested land to be used must be surveyed and the species, size, number of trees and their location to be recorded. These data, plus other specific data must be prepared in a lengthy application for clearance.

3.5.2 Wild Life (Protection) Act

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 has allowed the Government to establish a number of National Parks and Sanctuaries to protect and conserve the flora and fauna of the state. The Wildlife Protection Act, (1972) is the first comprehensive act enacted to protect the wild animals

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and their habitats. It will improve protection measures of the existing National Parks and Sanctuaries and strengthen the Protected Areas (PA). The objectives of the act include to protect the rapidly declining wild animal and birds of the country, control trade in wildlife products, streamline and strengthen wildlife setup at Central and State level and establishment of Wildlife Advisory Board. In the extensive amendment in 1991, endangered wild plants have also been included within the protective umbrella of this Act. In the present case this act will be applicable, as there are some points of wild life crossings between Sundargarh and Rajgangpur towns though it does not pass through Wildlife Park, Sanctuary and Biosphere reserves.

3.5.3 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

The present act resulted in the establishment of the Central and State level Pollution Control Boards whose responsibilities include managing water quality and effluent standards, as well as monitoring water quality, prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for construction and operation of any facility. This will include generation of liquid effluent during construction of road from civil engineering activities or from domestic activities in workers’ camp. There are specific penalties for violation, which include imprisonment for responsible officials. This act will apply to the corridor under consideration.

3.5.4 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

The present act empowers Central and State Pollution Control Boards for managing air quality and emission standards, as well as monitoring air quality, prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for construction and operation of any facility. Air quality includes noise level standards. There are specific penalties for violation, which include imprisonment for responsible officials. This act has notified National Ambient Air Quality Standard for different regions e.g. Industrial, Residential and Commercial areas. Air quality during construction and operation phases will be guided by this specific act. This act will apply to the corridor under consideration.

3.5.5 The Noise Pollution Regulation and Control Act

The present act has been issued to promulgate noise level standards for various land uses. Under this act day and time noise levels and other regulations have been issued to regulate noise levels. This act will apply to the corridor under consideration.

3.5.6 The Mining Act

The Mining Act has been enacted for safe and sound mining activity. This act will apply to the corridor under consideration, as construction materials are to be procured from borrow areas, quarries and mines in near vicinity.

3.5.7 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971

The Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, is an intergovernmental treaty, which provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. As per the Ramsar Convention on

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Wetlands, 25 sites in India are designated as Wetlands of International Importance. Only two wetland viz. Chilka Lake and Baitarkanika Mangroves fall in Orissa state, which are far away from the project road.

3.5.8 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

This act was passed as an overall comprehensive act “for protection and improvement of environment” Under this act rules have been specified for discharge/emission of effluents and different standards for environmental quality. These include Ambient Noise Standard, Emission from Motor Vehicles, Mass Emission standard for Petrol Driven Vehicles, General Effluent Standards etc. especially important for road project. This act will apply to the corridor under consideration.

The Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 14 September, 2006: As per the provisions of the new amended EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed project falls in project activity 7(f) of the schedule. The requirement for Environmental clearance has been quoted below:

BOX 3-1: Requirement for Seeking Environmental Clearance “Categorization of projects and activities: All projects and activities are broadly categorized into two categories-Category A and Category B….. All projects or activities included as Category A in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities …., shall require prior environmental clearance from the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forest…. All projects or activities included as Category B in the Schedule, including expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities ….will require prior environmental clearance from the State/Union territory Environment Impact Assessment Authority.”

Procedure for Environmental Clearance

An application seeking prior environmental clearance shall be made in the prescribed Form 1 before commencing any construction activity, or preparation of land, at the site by the applicant. The applicant shall furnish, along with the application, a copy of the pre-feasibility project report. As per the new notification, the environment clearance proposal for any category “A” Project has to pass through four different stages i.e., Screening, Scoping, Public Consultation and Appraisal. In the Screening stage, project will be screened by Expert Appraisal Committees (EACs) of MOEF to assess the need for detailed EIA study for grant of Environment Clearance. Then under Scoping stage, detailed and comprehensive Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA will be suggested by EAC to address all relevant environmental concerns in the preparation of an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for the project. Then “Public Consultation” will be carried out in project area by which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate. After completion of the public consultation, all the material environmental concerns expressed during this process will be included in the draft EIA and EMP. The final EIA report, so prepared, shall be submitted to the concerned regulatory authority i.e. MOEF for appraisal and subsequent grant of

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environment clearance Public Consultation refers to the process by which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate.

The Public Consultation shall ordinarily have two components comprising of:

(a) A public hearing at the site or in its close proximity, district wise, to be carried out in the prescribed manner for ascertaining concerns of local affected persons;

(b) Obtain responses in writing from other concerned persons having a plausible stake in the environmental aspects of the project or activity.

Procedure for Conduct of Public Hearing

1. The Applicant shall make a request through a letter to the Member Secretary of the SPCB or Union Territory Pollution Control Committee, in whose jurisdiction the project is located, to arrange the public hearing within the prescribed statutory period.

2. The Applicant shall enclose with the letter of request, at least 10 hard copies and an equivalent number of soft (electronic) copies of the draft EIA Report including the Summary Environment Impact Assessment report in English and in the local language. Simultaneously the applicant shall forward copies, one hard and one soft, of the above draft EIA Report along with the Summary EIA report to the Ministry of Environment and Forests and to the following authorities or offices, within whose jurisdiction the project will be located:

- District Magistrate

- Zilla Parishad or Municipal Corporation

- District Industries Office

- Concerned Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests

3. On receiving the draft Environmental Impact Assessment report, the above-mentioned authorities except the MoEF, shall arrange to widely publicize it within their respective urisdictions requesting the interested persons to send their comments to the concerned regulatory authorities. They shall also make available the draft EIA Report for inspection electronically or otherwise to the public during normal office hours till the Public Hearing is over. The Ministry of Environment and Forests shall promptly display the Summary of the draft Environmental Impact Assessment report on its website, and also make the full draft EIA available for reference at a notified place during normal office hours in the Ministry at Delhi.

4. The OSPCB shall also make similar arrangements for giving publicity about the project within the State/Union Territory and make available the Summary of the draft Environmental Impact Assessment report for inspection in select offices or public libraries or Panchayats etc. They shall also additionally make available a copy of the draft Environmental Impact Assessment

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report to the above five authorities/offices viz, Ministry of Environment and Forests, District Magistrate etc.

5. The Member-Secretary of the OSPCB shall finalize the date, time and exact venue for the conduct of public hearing within 7(seven) days of the date of receipt of the draft Environmental Impact Assessment report from the project proponent, and advertise the same in one major National Daily and one Regional vernacular Daily. A minimum notice period of 30(thirty) days shall be provided to the public for furnishing their responses;

6. The advertisement shall also inform the public about the places or offices where the public could access the draft Environmental Impact Assessment report and the Summary Environmental Impact Assessment report before the public hearing.

7. No postponement of the date, time, venue of the public hearing shall be undertaken, unless some untoward emergency situation occurs and only on the recommendation of the concerned District Magistrate the postponement shall be notified to the public through the same National and Regional vernacular dailies and also prominently displayed at all the identified offices by the OSPCB. In the above exceptional circumstances fresh date, time and venue for the public consultation shall be decided by the Member Secretary of the OSPCB in consultation with the District Magistrate and notified afresh as per procedure specified above.

8. The District Magistrate or his or her representative not below the rank of an Additional District Magistrate assisted by a representative of OSPCB, shall supervise and preside over the entire public hearing process.

9. The OSPCB shall arrange to video film the entire proceedings. A copy of the videotape or a CD shall be enclosed with the public hearing proceedings while forwarding it to the Regulatory Authority concerned.

10. The attendance of all those who are present at the venue shall be noted and annexed with the final proceedings. There shall be no quorum required for attendance for starting the proceedings.

11. A representative of the applicant shall initiate the proceedings with a presentation on the project and the Summary EIA report. Every person present at the venue shall be granted the opportunity to seek information or clarifications on the project from the Applicant. The summary of the public hearing proceedings accurately reflecting all the views and concerns expressed shall be recorded by the representative of the OSPCB and read over to the audience at the end of the proceedings explaining the contents in the vernacular language and the agreed minutes shall be signed by the District Magistrate or his or her representative on the same day and forwarded to the OSPCB concerned.

12. A Statement of the issues raised by the public and the comments of the Applicant shall also be prepared in the local language and in English and annexed to the proceedings:

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13. The proceedings of the public hearing shall be conspicuously displayed at the office of the Panchayats within whose jurisdiction the project is located, office of the concerned Zilla Parishad, District Magistrate, and the OSPCB. The OSPCB shall also display the proceedings on its website for general information. Comments, if any, on the proceedings, which may be sent directly to the concerned regulatory authorities and the Applicant concerned.

14. The public hearing shall be completed within a period of 45 (forty five) days from date of receipt of the request letter from the Applicant. Thereafter the OSPCB concerned shall sent the public hearing proceedings to the concerned regulatory authority within 8 (eight) days of the completion of the public hearing .The applicant may also directly forward a copy of the approved public hearing proceedings to the regulatory authority concerned along with the final Environmental Impact Assessment report or supplementary report to the draft EIA report prepared after the public hearing and public consultations.

15. If OSPCB fails to hold the public hearing within the stipulated 45 (forty five) days, the Central Government in Ministry of Environment and Forests for Category ‘A’ project shall engage any other agency or authority to complete the process, as per procedure laid down in this notification. After completion of the public consultation, the applicant shall address all the material environmental concerns expressed during this process, and make appropriate changes in the draft EIA and EMP. The applicant shall submit the final EIA report to the concerned regulatory authority for appraisal. The applicant may alternatively submit a supplementary report to draft EIA and EMP addressing all the concerns expressed during the public consultation. The Expert Appraisal Committee shall scrutinize the application and other documents like the Final EIA report, outcome of the public consultations including public hearing proceedings, submitted by the applicant to the regulatory authority concerned for grant of environmental clearance. This appraisal shall be made by Expert Appraisal Committee in a transparent manner in a proceeding to which the applicant shall be invited for furnishing necessary clarifications in person or through an authorized representative. On conclusion of this proceeding, the Expert Appraisal Committee shall make categorical recommendations to the regulatory authority concerned either for grant of prior environmental clearance on stipulated terms and conditions, or rejection of the application for prior environmental clearance, together with reasons for the same. The appraisal of an application be shall be completed by the Expert Appraisal Committee within sixty days of the receipt of the final Environment Impact Assessment report and other documents or the receipt of Form 1. The regulatory authority shall consider the recommendations of the EAC concerned and convey its decision to the applicant within forty five days of the receipt of the recommendations of the Expert Appraisal Committee or in other words within one hundred and five days of the receipt of the final Environment Impact Assessment Report.

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Clearance Requirement for the present project as per new MoEF notification No. SO 1533 Dt. 14.09.2006

THE PRESENT PROJECT - Category A Project Step1: Application: In Form1, with ToR & Pre feasibility Report 1 day Step 2: Screening: By SEAC for examination of requirement of EIA. Step 3: Scoping: For finalizing ToR for Environment Impact Assessment and

communication to Applicant. 60 days

Step 4: Submission of draft EIA report by the applicant 15 days Step 5: Public Consultation at District Level 45 days Step 6: Submission of Final EIA & EMP 7days Step 7: Appraisal: To be Completed by the EAC 60 days 45 days Step 9: Grant of Prior Environmental Clearance Total 233 days

Table 3-3: Applicability of Acts and Rules to Sambalpur-Rourkela project Act/Rules Applicability

Yes/No Remark

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Yes To protect environment during construction and operation of project

Environmental Impact Assessment Notification Dt.14th September 06.

Yes To protect environment during construction and operation of project

The Forest (Conservation) Act and Forest (Conversion) Rules

Yes

The Forest (Conservation) Act and Rules will be applicable as the corridor passes through reserve/protected forest

Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972

Yes This act is applicable to as there are some points of wild life crossings on the corridor

National Forest Policy

Yes The Forest (Conservation) Act and Rules will be applicable as the corridor passes through reserve forests

Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act

Yes This act will be applicable during construction for establishments of hot mix plant, construction camp, workers’ camp, etc.

The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Yes

This act will also be applicable to the the present project during construction; for obtaining NOC for establishment of hot mix plant, workers’ camp, construction camp, etc.

Central Motor Vehicle Act and Central Motor Vehicle Rules

No These acts and rules are not applicable to the project. These will be applicable to road users.

Ancient Monuments & Archaeological Sites and Remains Act

No

This act is not applicable to the present project as there are no ancient monuments declared protected under the act within 10km.

The Land Acquisition Act

Yes This act will be applicable to the present project as there will be acquisition of land for geometric improvements, bypasses and realignments.

Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control Act)

Yes This act will be applicable to the present project as vehicular noise on project routes required assessing for future years and necessary protection measure need to be considered in design.

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Act/Rules Applicability Yes/No

Remark

The Mining Act

Yes The construction of project roads under the present project will require sand aggregates. These will be procured through mining from riverbeds and quarries.

Orissa R & R Policy, 2006

Yes This policy will be applicable to the present project as there will be acquisition of land, displacement of people and need for subsequent R & R operations

3.5.9 Summary of Clearance Requirements

The summary table showing time required for obtaining different clearances from concerned agencies for smooth implementation of project is given below:

Table 3-4: Summary of Clearance Requirements Type of Clearance

Project Stage Responsible Agency for

Obtaining Clearance Time

Required Consent to establish from OSPCB Pre Construction Orissa Works Department 1 Month Environmental Clearance from MoEF Pre Construction Orissa Works Department 7-8 Months Forestry Clearance Pre Construction Orissa Works Department 4-6 Months Consents under Air and Water Act stage (Prior to initiation of any work) for establishment of construction camps

Construction stage (Prior to initiation of any work)

Respective contractors of Project roads

1-2 Months

Explosive License for storing fuel oil, lubricants, diesel, etc. at construction camp from Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur

Construction stage (Prior to initiation of any work)

Respective contractors of project roads

1-2 Months

3.6 SALIENT FEATURES OF IMPORTANT LAWS/REGULATIONS FOR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

The Land Acquisition Act 1894/1984 and the amendments of this Act by the Government of Orissa, the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests Guidelines 1989, and the Indian National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy 2007 are the major such policy documents and the gist of the same are briefed in this section. The World Bank also provides an operational policy on involuntary resettlement.

3.6.1 The Land Acquisition Act 1894/1984

The Land Acquisition Act (LA Act), legislated in British India and amended in 1984, guides the basis of the land acquisition practices in India.

The LA Act facilitates the acquisition of the privately owned lands by the Government of India. The objective of the LA Act is to empower the Government to acquire lands only for public purpose or for a company. If lands are needed for a public purpose they cannot be acquired by an executive action without following the provisions of the LA Act. The provisions of the Act will apply only to the private lands. There are separate rules for alienation or transfer of Government land in favour of any other Government department for public purposes.

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For any land acquisition by the Government, the Land Acquisition Act under section 4(1) stipulates publication of a notification to that effect in the official Gazette and in two daily newspapers circulated in the locality, of which at least one shall be in the regional language. After the notification, the Land Acquisition Officer (LAO) will make a preliminary survey to ascertain the suitability of the land in question and determine the exact portion of the land to be required. The conclusions arrived at are announced in the form of a public notice at a convenient place in the locality in which the land is to be acquired. Such a notification provides an opportunity to the affected parties to file objections to the proposed acquisition under section 5A of the LA Act.

As the Government acquires private land for “public purposes” which are defined in the Act, a court of law is not empowered to entertain any litigation regarding the appropriateness of the “public purpose”. The law is also silent if any person, other than the “interested person” can object to the Government order under Section 4(1) for acquisition of private land.

In order to proceed with the acquisition of the notified land or any portion of it, a declaration under section 6 of the Act specifying the precise boundaries of the area of the land need to be made. Every declaration is to be published in the official gazette and in two daily newspapers, which have circulation in the local areas. With the appearance of the notification under section 6 of the Act in the Gazette, the Revenue Department issues a direction to the Collector under section 7 of the Act to issue the order for acquisition of the notified land and/or other immovable properties.

Section 8 of the Act requires land to be marked out, measured and planned, while as per section 9, notices are served to the concerned person stating the intention of the Government to take possession of the land and that any claims for compensation should be made to the Collector. Finally, the award of compensation is made by the Collector under section 11 of the Act after enquiring into objections (if any) in pursuant to the notice given under section 9, to the measurements made under section 8 and into the value of the land on the date of publication of the notification under section 4(1). The award under section 11 shall be made within two years from the date of publication of the declaration and if no award is made within this period the entire proceedings of the land acquisition lapses and a fresh notification needs to be initiated. Once the award is made, the Collector takes possession of the land, which thereupon vests absolutely in the Government free from all encumbrances.

Land is in the Eminent Domain under the Indian laws and in case of urgency, section 17 of the Act empowers the Collector to take possession of the land after 15 days of issuing notice under section 4(1). However, section 17 of the LA Act is invoked only when it is considered to be absolutely necessary.

Land acquisition process to be followed for the present study will be in accordance with the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894

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3.6.2 Government of Orissa’s Land Acquisition Act

The Government of Orissa follows the National Land Acquisition Act 1894/1984 for the requisition and acquisition of land, with appropriate amendments from time to time in its application to the State of Orissa as follows.

• The Land Acquisition (Orissa Amendment) Act, 1948

• The Land Acquisition (Orissa Amendment and Validation) Act, 1959

The above-mentioned amendments have simplified the process of land Acquisition, provided names of appropriate authorities and have further safeguarded the interests of the affected people.

3.6.3 National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007

Government of India has recently formulated the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy 2007 which has wider social implication. The new Policy ensures participatory and transparent social assessment. The major objectives of the Policy are as follows;

(a) to minimise displacement and to promote, as far as possible, non-displacing or least-displacing alternatives;

(b) to ensure adequate rehabilitation package and expeditious implementation of rehabilitation with active people’s participation;

(c) to protect the rights of weaker sections of the society, especially members of SCs and STs;

(d) to provide better standard of living and to ensure sustainable income to affected families

(e) to integrate rehabilitation concerns into the development planning and implementation process; and

(f) to facilitate harmonious relationship between the authority, which acquires land and the affected families through mutual cooperation.

Chapter IV, Section 4 of NRRP-2007 states that whenever it is desired to undertake a new project or expansion of an existing project, which involves involuntary displacement of 400 or more families en masse in plain areas, or 200 or more families en masse in tribal or hilly areas, DDP blocks or areas mentioned in the Schedule V or Schedule VI to the Constitution, the appropriate Government shall ensure that a Social Impact Assessment (SIA) study is carried out in the proposed affected areas. In the case if the involuntary displacement is less than the number mentioned, adequate administrative arrangements shall be made by the appropriate Government for rehabilitation and resettlement of the affected families as per this policy.

A detailed Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan has to be prepared following the specific procedures mentioned in the Policy. The Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement shall submit the draft scheme or plan for rehabilitation and resettlement to the appropriate Government for its approval. Section 6.17 also points out that in case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a requiring body, it shall be the responsibility of the appropriate Government to obtain the consent of the requiring body, to ensure that the necessary approvals

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as required under this policy have been obtained, and to make sure that the requiring body has agreed to bear the entire cost of rehabilitation and resettlement benefits and other expenditure for rehabilitation and resettlement of the affected families as communicated by the Administrator for Rehabilitation and Resettlement, before approving it.

The NRRP-2007 have made significant provisions for the protecting the rights of vulnerable sections of the society. Section 7.21.1 states that in case of a project involving land acquisition on behalf of a requiring body which involves involuntary displacement of 200 or more Scheduled Tribes Families, a Tribal Development Plan shall be prepared.

As part of ensuring participation, the Policy insists that the concerned gram sabha or the panchayats shall be consulted in all areas of land acquisition. Another significant feature of the Policy is the indexation of rehabilitation grant and other benefits in which the monetary value of benefits shall be assessed based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of respective years. The institutional arrangements with respect to grievance redressal and also monitoring of rehabilitation and resettlement could ensure a sustainable and consistent delivery of benefits to the affected population.

Section 1.7 of the NRRP, 2007 states that the policy provided for the basic minimum requirements and allows state governments to implement their own policy if these provide greater benefit levels than those prescribed in the NRRP, 2007. Hence, for the purposes of the present study the Orissa Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2006 will be followed which provides greater benefits to the affected persons than the NRRP, 2007.

3.6.4 Orissa Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2006

The Government of Orissa has enacted an elaborate policy on resettlement and rehabilitation. The policy is applicable to all those projects which requires acquisition of private land under Land Acquisition Act, 1894 or any other laws in force. The Policy has broadly divided the development projects such as (a) industrial projects, (b) mining projects, (c) irrigation projects, national parks and sanctuaries, (d) urban projects and linear projects like roads, railways, power lines, etc. and (e) any other projects. The respective types of projects have different resettlement and rehabilitation benefits based on the magnitude of the impact it redeems. With respect to urban and linear projects, rehabilitation assistance is provisioned for homestead land, house building, apart from many other assistance common to other category of projects. These benefits include maintenance allowance, assistance for temporary shed, transportation allowance and special benefits to displaced indigenous families and primitive tribal groups.

The institutional arrangements provisioned in the Policy ensure a transparent delivery of rehabilitation assistance. District and State level Compensation Advisory Committee, Rehabilitation and Periphery Development Advisory Committee (RPDAC), State Level Council on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (SLCRR) are the major institutional mechanism which offers consistent support to population adversely affected with involuntary displacement. Institutional

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arrangements to address grievances of project displaced people and the specific monitoring mechanism are noteworthy features of the Orissa R&R Policy.

3.6.5 Laws on Squatters

3.6.5.1 Central Laws

In the post-Constitution India a number of legislative Acts have been passed which relate to the encroachers and squatters, such as The Slum Area (Improvement and Clearance) Act, 1956, The Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976, and The Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971. As the names indicate, these laws range from eviction of unauthorised dwellers from State-owned property to those, which seek to improve the living conditions in slum areas. The interpretation and application of these laws should be viewed as solving problems, thus furthering the progress of the community as a whole, which is also in keeping with the World Bank’s position on encroachers and squatters.

The most relevant of these laws, The Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971, defines public premises as premises belonging to the Government, or vested in any Local Authority by law. The Act provides for the issue of notice to the persons in unauthorised occupation to show any cause against the Order of Eviction. It further authorises the officer appointed by the Government to use force, as may be necessary, to evict an unauthorised occupant from the public premises if the latter does not comply with an eviction order. The officer has power to order demolition of unauthorised construction on public premises. He may also, after the prescribed period of notice, remove, cause to be removed or dispose of by auction, property remaining on such premises.

The Supreme Court of India has made a distinction between slum and pavement dwellers, both squatters, which has a bearing on this project. The Court has stated that slums which have been in existence for 20 years or more, and which have been improved and developed will not be removed unless the land on which they stand is required for public purpose, in which case alternative sites or accommodation will be provided for them1. In the case of pavement dwellers, however, the provision of alternate places is not a condition for the removal of the encroachments. Nevertheless, the Court has ruled that alternate sites should be provided to those pavement dwellers that are in receipt of census cards. A significant matter for this project is that in this particular case, the Supreme Court has ruled that the cut off date for this purpose is the date of census conducted by the State Government prior to the order of eviction.

It is clear that in India, squatters and encroachers are not eligible for compensation. Compensation is a legal term, used in connection with land acquisition under Eminent Domain. Therefore, the approach taken for squatters and encroachers is not based on compensation and legal recognition, but on assistance and support for shelter and income, based on humanitarian grounds. As mentioned, the Indian Constitution recognises the right of its citizens to shelter and

1 “Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation.” The Supreme Court of India, 1985 [1985(3)SCC545]

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livelihood and both the Government and private development agencies such as NGOs, have a number of targeted programmes, aimed at supporting poor and vulnerable groups.

3.6.5.2 State Law

The Government of Orissa enacted The Orissa Prevention of Land Encroachment Act, 1972. This Act provides for the prevention of unauthorised occupation of lands which are the property of government. The public roads, streets, lanes and paths, the bridges, ditches, dikes and fences, etc., are among the classes of lands declared to be the property of government for the purposes of this Act.

Section 4 of the Act specifies that any person unauthorised occupying any land which is the property of Government shall be liable to pay an assessed rent (levy) estimates as prescribed by respective rules. Accordingly as per Section 7, the person unauthorised occupying land shall be summarily evicted by the Tehsildar and any crop or other product raised on the land, any encroachments such as building, other construction or anything deposited thereon shall be liable to be forfeited.

Section 8 of the Act provides for a stay of construction activities that are carried out in such unauthorised land. Section 8-A provides for settlement of land if any person continuously and undisputedly occupying the land for more than thirty years.

3.7 WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS

The World Bank’s Operational Policies (OP) includes guidance on Environmental Assessment requirements. The Bank’s Safeguard Policies are meant to ensure that operations of the Bank do not lead to adverse impacts.

The Safeguard Policies are lumped into Environment, Rural Development, Social Development and International Law. The following are the relevant policies:

• Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)

• Involuntary Resettlement (OP / BP 4.12)2

• Forestry (OP/BP 4.36); and

• Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11, 2006)

3.7.1 Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)

The OP 4.01 requires among others that screening for potential impacts is carried out early, in order to determine the level of EA to assess and mitigate potential adverse impacts. The EA ensures that appropriate levels of environmental and social assessment are carried out as part of the project design, including public consultation process, especially for Category A and B

2 Details given under section 11.2.3.5

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Projects. The OP 4.01 is applicable to all components of Bank financed projects, even for co-financed components. The details are presented in the following Box 3.1.

Box 3.1: Details of OP 4.01

The World Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. (a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse

environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the “without project” situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA) that includes, as necessary, elements of the other instruments referred to in para. 7.

(b) Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas—including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats—are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A EA. Like Category A EA, it examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. The findings and results of Category B EA are described in the project documentation (Project Appraisal Document and Project Information Document).

(c) Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project.

(d) Category FI: A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental impacts.

3.7.2 Forestry (OP/BP 4.36)

The OP/BP 4.36 aims at enhancing the environmental and social contribution of forested areas, and the need to reduce deforestation. The protection of forests through the control of forest-related impact of all investment operations is a concern of the policy. It promotes the restriction of operations affecting critical forest and conservation areas, while requiring that the sector and other relevant stakeholders should be consulted as appropriate.

3.7.3 Physical Cultural Resources

The policy is premised on the need to investigate and take inventory of cultural resources likely to be affected. Mitigations are provided for in cases of adverse impacts on physical cultural resources. Mitigations measures should be undertaken in conjunction with the appropriate

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authorities, organizations and institutions that are also required to be consulted and involved in the management of cultural property.

The Bank does support development actions likely to significantly damage non-replicable cultural property, and does assist only those projects sited or designed to prevent such damage.

3.7.4 Involuntary Resettlement Policy of World Bank

The Operational Procedure 4.123 describes the Bank policy and procedures for projects that involve involuntary resettlement. This Directive aims to improve, or at a minimum, restore the welfare of the people who will be displaced because of a development project. It requires that projects minimize the need for involuntary resettlement. Where displacement is unavoidable, resettlement plans should pay particular attention to the vulnerable groups. This Directive recommends land for land compensation as the first preference and requires that compensation be made at replacement value.

Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

3 Involuntary Resettlement, the World Bank OP-4.12, Dec 2001.

CHAPTER 4: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

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CHAPTER 4: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS

The present chapter presents the baseline environmental conditions of the project region. It comprises both secondary information as well as primary information collected through surveys and environmental monitoring.

4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.1.1 Meteorology

4.1.1.1 Climate

The climate of this district is characterized by a hot dry summer and well distributed rainfall in south-west monsoon season. The cold season commences in November and lasts till end of February. This is followed by the summer season which continues till about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season starts form mid-June and continues to the end of September. October and November constitute the post monsoon season.

4.1.1.2 Temperature

There are two meteorological observatories at Sambalpur and Jharsuguda. The meteorological data presented in Table 4-1 are collected from these two stations. Temperature begins to rise from about the beginning of March steadily till May which is usually the hottest month of the year with the mean daily maximum temperature recorded as 41.6oC both at Sambalpur and at Jharsuguda. July and August are characterized by high humidity. From mid of November the day temperature also begin to drop rapidly and December is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 27.4oC and 27.6oC and the mean daily minimum temperature at 12.1oC and 12.0oC at Sambalpur and Jharsuguda respectively.

Table 4-1: Monthly average temperature in the region Months Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Sambalpur Daily Max 27.5 30.6 39.8 39.4 41.6 37.3 31.3 31.1 31.9 31.6 29.5 27.4 Daily Min 12.4 15.0 18.7 23.5 26.9 26.5 24.8 24.6 24.4 21.8 16.2 12.1 Highest 30.6 34.8 39.8 43.3 45.1 43.6 36.0 34.3 34.7 34.3 32.3 30.3 Lowest 7.7 10.1 14.2 18.8 22.3 22.3 22.5 22.1 22.4 17.3 12.4 8.4 Jharusuguda Daily Max 27.7 30.8 35.5 40.1 41.8 37.2 31.3 31.0 31.8 31.9 30.0 27.6 Daily Min 12.0 14.7 19.0 24.2 27.1 26.4 24.6 24.5 24.3 21.6 16.0 12.0 Highest 30.8 35.0 40.0 43.6 45.3 43..4 34.8 34.0 34.4 34.3 32.4 30.2 Lowest 7.5 9.9 13.9 19.2 22.3 22.0 22.3 22.4 22.3 17.30 12.0 8.3

Source: Climatological Tables, Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)

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4.1.1.3 Ranifall

The average rainfall in Sambalpur district is 1667.5 mm, Jharsuguda district is 1460.9 mm and Sundargarh district is 1647.6 mm. The eastern half of Sambalpur district gets more rain than the western half, the region around Dhama and Sambalpur getting the highest rainfall. About 82% of the annual rainfall is received in the monsoon season in Sambalpur district where as 88% of total rainfall is received during monsoon period in Jharsuguda district and July is the rainest month in the year. The variation of the rainfall from year to year is not large. On an average, there are 77.1, 68.7 and 72 rainy days in year in Sambalpur, Jharsuguda and Sundargarh districts respectively. The average total monthly rainfall of both the districts is presented in the Table 4-2 below:

Table 4-2: Average total monthly rainfall in the region Station Parameters Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Sambalpur Rainfall (in mm)

10.9 16.8 24.0 7.7 16.1 204.9 449.5 458.9 256.0 62.6 4.8 3.0 1667.5 Jharsuguda 12.5 18.0 21.0 13.8 29.9 228.7 402.7 428.5 233.1 65.0 4.3 3.4 1460.9 Sambalpur

Rainy days 0.7 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.6 8.9 18.0 17.9 11.5 4.4 0.6 0.2 77.1

Jharsuguda 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.4 2.2 9.5 17.5 17.3 11.7 4.0 0.4 0.5 68.7 Source: Climatological Tables, IMD

4.1.1.4 Wind Speed and Wind Direction

Wind is light to moderate generally, with some increase in force in late summer and the South-West monsoon season. In the post-monsoon and winter months, wind is mainly from north-east directions. By April winds from the West and South-West become more predominant and these prevail during the period May to September. The wind speed and wind direction of the study area is presented in Appendix 4.1.

4.1.1.5 Humidity

Relative humidity is high during the South-West monsoon season being generally over 80 %. July, August and September months show high humidity level. After the monsoons, humidity decreases and the air is fairly dry during the winters. Highest humidity level recorded as 85% and 87% during morning time at Sambalpur and Jharsuguda respectively in the month of August.. The driest part of the year is the summer season when the relative humidity is rather low, the afternoon humidity being generally about 25 to 30 percent. The lowest humidity level recorded as 31% and 21% at evening time in Sambalpur and Jharsuguda respectively in the month of April. The monthly average humidity levels are presented in the Table 4-3 below:

Table 4-3: Average monthly humidity levels

Station Time Recorded time point

Humidity Level in Different Months (%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sambalpur 08:00 hr

66 58 50 45 48 66 83 85 82 75 69 67 Jharsuguda 67 57 44 41 46 66 86 87 83 75 66 67 Sambalpur

17:30 hr 48 41 34 31 31 55 79 81 78 69 59 52

Jharsuguda 43 33 25 21 24 54 79 81 77 65 52 47 Source: Climatological Tables, IMD

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4.1.2 Topography

The project road passes through plains for a major length. The terrain is rolling for very short stretches (less than 3% of total length) in Sundergarh district. The elevation of the project area varies from 180 m to 250 m above the Mean Sea Level (MSL).

4.1.3 Soil and Geology

The soil along the project corridor is primarily red sandy, older alluvial and lateritic. In some stretches red loamy soils are also found. The soil profile along the project corridor indicating the soil types is presented in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1: Soil Types in the Study Area

4.1.4 Minerals

A large variety of minerals and ores occur in Sambalpur district. These include bauxite, beryl, clay, coal dolomite, graphite, limonite, iron-ore, galena, limestone, mica, quartz, etc. It has also been reported that diamond was once being collected from the bed of Mahanadi River near Hirakud. Gold is still being recovered at some places. Sundargarh district also possesses a sizeable portion of mineral wealth of Orissa. The most important mineral of economic value in the district are iron ore, manganese ore, lime stone and dolomite.

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4.1.5 Land Use Pattern

The predominant land use along the project road is agricultural (68.62 km); followed by vacant lands (33.75 km). In the built up stretches land use comprises residential cum commercial (17.03 km), commercial (14.56 km), residential (6.28 km) and industrial (1.82 km). Forest lands are located adjacent to the corridor for approximately 14.5km4. The land use pattern along the corridor is presented in Appendix 4.2 and Figure 4-2.

Figure 4-2: Land use Pattern along the project corridor

4.1.6 Water Resource

4.1.6.1 Surface Water Resources

The region is rich in surface water sources. There are several major rivers in the vicinity of the project corridor including Mahanadi, Brahmani, IB, Sankh and South Koel. Most of these rivers are perennial. In addition, there are several ponds and nalas along the corridor. The key river systems of the study region are presented in the following paragraphs.

4 Actual lengths of forest stretches along project corridor will be available during joint verification for forest land diversion along with the State Forest Department

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Mahanadi River: The Mahanadi enters the Sambalpur district in the north-west of Sambalpur subdivision and flows into the Hirakud reservoir which spreads over an area of 774.41 sq km when the storage water stands at 192 meters. Though the river does not cross the project corridor the dam lies down stream to the west at a distance of about 14.5 km. After crossing the Hirakud Dam it takes a wild curve and continues due south flowing into Sonapur district. The principal tributary of the Mahanadi in this district is the Ib River.

Ib River: The river rises on the Khudia plateau in the ex-state of Jashpur in Chhattisgarh and enters in Sundargarh district almost form the north at Tilijore. It flows slightly south-easterly till Gangpurgarh and then due south upto near Baurimundagaon where it turns due south-west for a certain distance and again turns due south at the district road near Sundargarh town. It forms the boundary between Sambalpur and Sundargarh for some distance before it leaves the district to meet the Mahanadi in Sambalpur. The river almost flows parallel to the project corridor from Sundergarh to Sambalpur.

Brahamani River: The Brahmani is formed by the confluence of the South Koel and the Sankh at Panposh at the Rourkela end of the corridor. After flowing in the southern direction through the Panposh subdivision which is un-navigable owing to extensive rocks barriers and rapids for about 22 km, it enters the Bonai sub-division and after a course of some 61 km in that subdivision and the river flows into Deogarh dist.

• Sankh: The Sankh rises on the Banspahar in the west of Ranchi, It enters the Sundargarh district on the north-west of Panposh subdivision and after flowing for about 13 km in a south easterly direction forms the boundary of the Panposh and Sundargarh sub-divisions for a considerable distance and meets the South Koel at Panposh. The Dhhina and Lurgi Nalas are its main feeders in the Panposh sub-division.

• South Koel: The South Koel enters the Sundargarh district form Singhbhum flows almost due west for about 45 km, till it joins the Sankh. The Deo, its main tributary on its north, rises in Ranchi district and drains the north-east corner of Panposh subdivision. The Katapur Jharia Nala, another small feeder, is on it northern bank. On the south the tributary that deserves mention is Bursuonjhor which rises in the forest of Saranda near Tiriposhi.

Other Minor Rivers

A small Nallah called Kharla runs east-west in the valley between the Khakuria and Pradhanpat hills and enters Kuchinda subdivision where it meets river Ib at Purunapali. The Malti has been bridged on the National Highway no 6 at the boundary between Sambalpur and Deogarh subdivisions.

Details of the surface water bodies along/across the project corridor are given in Table 4-4 and Table 4-5 below:

Table 4-4: Surface Water Bodies across the Project Corridor Sl No Existing Chainage (km) Side of the Road Type of the Water Body

1. km 10.653 Crossing project road Nala 2. km 16.025 Crossing project road Canal

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Sl No Existing Chainage (km) Side of the Road Type of the Water Body 3. Km 21.050 Crossing project road Nala 4. km 22.865 Crossing project road Nala 5. Km 29.193 Crossing project road Canal 6. Km 32.100 Crossing project road Nala 7. Km 34.650 Crossing project road Nala 8. km 41.450 Crossing project road Bhedan River 9. Km 51.020 Crossing project road Nala

10. km 61.600 Crossing project road Nala/River 11. km 66.850 Crossing project road Sapai River 12 Km 79.020 Crossing project road Nala 13. km 85.625 Crossing project road Ib tributary 14. Km 90.327 Crossing project road Nala 15. Km 90.628 Crossing project road Nala 16 Km 105.647 Crossing project road Nala 17. Km 108.788 Crossing project road Nala 18. km 117.975 Crossing project road Nala/River 19. km 118.414 Crossing project road Nala 20 Km119.725 Crossing project road Nala 21. km 121.950 Crossing project road Nala/River 22. km 134.417 Crossing project road Nala/River 23. km 135.334 Crossing project road Nala 24. km 144.250 Crossing project road Nala/River 25 km 145.090 Crossing project road Nala 26 Km 153.676 Crossing project road Nala 27. Km 154.100 Crossing project road River 28 Km 158.171 Crossing project road Nala 29. km 165.215 Crossing project road Ghughar River

Source: Primary Survey By Lea Associates, December, 2007

Table 4-5: Surface Water Bodies along the Project Corridor Sl No Existing Ch (km) Side of the carriageway Type of water body Size of water body

1. Km 7.060 Left Pond Medium 2. Km 14.700 Left Pond Small 3. Km 26.110 Left Pond Small 4. Km 26.110 Right Pond Small 5. Km 32.250 Right Pond Medium 6. Km 32.645 Left Pond Medium 7. JSG Bypass Right Pond Medium 8. JSG Bypass Left Pond Medium 9. JSG Bypass Right Pond Medium

10. JSG Bypass Right Pond Large 11. JSG Bypass Right Pond Large 12. Km 70.350 Right Pond Small 13. Km 71.240 Right Pond Small 14. Km 72.890 Right Pond Very small 15. Km73.130 Right Pond Right

4-7



Sl No Existing Ch (km) Side of the carriageway Type of water body Size of water body 16. Km 74.160 Right Pond Very small 17. Km 87.250 Right Pond Medium 18. Km 88.430 Left Pond Large 19. Km 90.300 Left Pond Very small 20. Km 103.030 Right Pond Medium 21. Km 105.140 Left Pond Medium 22. km 110.270 Left Pond Large 23. km 110.295 Right Pond Medium 24 Km 125.275 Right Pond Medium 25. Km 126.800 Left Pond Very small 26. Km 127.210 Right Pond Large 27. Km 129.600 Right Pond Medium 28. 141.850 Right Pond Very Small 29 146.600 Right Pond Medium

Source: Primary Survey by Lea Associates, December, 2007

Surface water quality (Secondary information): Surface water quality monitoring results were collected from Orissa State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB). Six surface water quality monitoring stations are identified from the Brahmani and Mahanadi River Basins, which fall within or nearer to study area. The surface water quality monitoring results (secondary) are given in Table 4-6. The above table confirms the water quality in the Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers, to the designated class as per the pollution control board with the exception of two locations. Water quality in Mahanadi River downstream of Sambalpur does not confirm to the designated class C on account of additional pollution load from the town.

Table 4-6: Surface water quality of rivers in the region

Sl No River Basin

Location Parameters

Designated Class

Existing Class

Critical ParameterspH

DO (mg/l)

BOD (mg/l)

TC (MPN/ 100ml)

1. Brahmani Panposh (U/D 7.4 7.7 1 3770 C C

2. Brahmani Panposh (U/D 7.5 7.5 3.8 16657 C Does not Confirm to class C

BOD, TC

3 Mahanadi Sundargarh 7.5 8.1 1.1 5939 C C 4. Mahanadi Jharsuguda 7.4 7.6 1.1 4868 C C 5. Mahanadi Sambalpur U/S 7.6 8 1.1 1333 C C

6. Mahanadi Sambalpur D/S 7.6 7.3 1.1 3051 C Does not Confirm to class C

Source: Orissa State Pollution Control Board

Surface water quality (Primary survey): Surface Water Samples were collected from different rivers across the project road. The details of the surface water quality sampling locations are given in Table 4-7. Both surface water and ground water quality sampling stations are shown in Figure 4-3.

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Table 4-7: Location of Surface Water Quality sampling stations Sl. No.

Location Sampling location code

Chainage (km)

Description

1 Bhedan River after Bhusan Steel Co SW-1 Km 41.600 River Water 2 Sapai River Kainsara Village SW-2 Km 66.950 River Water 3 Ib River (tributary) Bhojpur Village SW-3 Km 85.650 River Water 4 Ghughar River SW-4 Km 165.250 River Water

Composite samples were collected from the above locations and tested for the required parameters by S M Consultants Pvt Ltd, which is an authorized environmental monitoring agency by Orissa State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB).

SW4

SW3

SW2

SW1

GW1

GW2

SW4

SW3

SW2

SW1

GW1

GW2

Figure 4-3: Surface and Ground water sampling locations

Results of water quality parameters of surface water samples are presented in Table 4-8. Water quality standards for bathing have been adopted for comparison, as the pond water is commonly used for community bathing purposes.

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Table 4-8: Results of Surface Water Quality samples, May 2008 Sl No

PARAMETERS Water quality standards

Monitoring Results SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4

1. Temperature (0C) - 32.5 32.5 32.2 32.8 2. pH 6.5-8.51 7 7.2 7.1 7 3. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 5 mg/l or more1 7.4 2 7.5 6.7 4. BOD (mg/l) (incubation

for 3 days at 270C) 3 mg/l or less1 3.6 3.4 2.2 3.2

5. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l)

3002 242 168 162 94

6. Total Dissolved Solid (mg/l)

5002 402 328 344 312

7. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 2502 102 98 108 142 8. Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 200 24.2 22 28.6 32.4 9. Lead as Pb (mg/l) - BDL (<0.01

mg/l) BDL (<0.01

mg/l) BDL (<0.01

mg/l) BDL (<0.01

mg/l) 10. Turbidity as (NTU) - 0.94 2 3 0.74 11. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.32 0.2 0.3 0.26 0.28 12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) - BDL (<0.01

mg/l) BDL (<0.01

mg/l) BDL (<0.01

mg/l) BDL (

<0.01mg/l) 13. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) - BDL

(<0.001mg/l) BDL(<0.001mg/l) BDL

(<0.001mg/l) BDL

(<0.001mg/l) 14. Oil & Grease (mg/l) - BDL (<2mg/l) BDL(<2 mg/l) BDL (<2mg/l) BDL(<2 mg/l) 15. Total Coliform

(MPN/100ml) 5002 54 126 242 144

16. Feacal Coliform (MPN/100ml)

Nil 8 30 120 56

17. Cyanide as Cn (mg/l) - BDL (<0.001mg/l)

BDL (<0.001mg/l) BDL (<0.001mg/l)

BDL (<0.001mg/l)

18. Phosphate as PO4(mg/l) - BDL (<0.1 mg/l)

BDL (<0.1 mg/l) BDL (<0.1mg/l)

BDL (<0.1mg/l)

Sources: Sample Collected and Tested by S M Consultants Pvt Ltd

Test results of the surface water quality show that only at one station (SW-2), the presence of iron is close to the permissible limit. Rest of the parameters at all the stations is well below the permissible limits.

4.1.6.2 Ground Water Resource

Wells and hand pumps are not frequent within the proposed right of way. However, hand pumps are used as a source of drinking water in the settlements along the project road. Ground water quality samples were collected from the tube wells near to the project corridor. The ground water quality sampling locations are given in Table 4-9.

1 Water Quality Criteria for Designated Best Use B;CPCB 2 Drinking Water Quality Standards; CPCB & BIS

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Table 4-9: Ground Water Quality sampling locations Sl. No.

Location Station Code

Chainage (km)

Description

1 Dandepali Village PHC Campus, Majhipali, GW-1 Km 9.6 Tube Well 2 Karamdihi,Village Near Karamdihi U.P.School GW-2 Km 93 Tube Well

Samples were collected from the above locations and tested for the required parameters by S M Consultants Pvt Ltd, which is authorized agency by Orissa State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB). The test results of the ground water show that every parameter is well below the permissible limit. Drinking quality standards have been adopted for comparison.

Table 4-10: On-site Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results, May 2008 Sl No

PARAMETERS Water quality standards

Monitoring Results GW-1 GW-2

1. Temperature (0C) - 28.0 28.3 2. pH 6.5-8.5 7.26 7.34 3. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 6mg/l or more 2 3.6 4. BOD (mg/l) (incubation for 3 days at 270C) 3 mg/l or less 1.8 1.6 5. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 300 72 78 6. Total Dissolved Solid (mg/l) 500 164 182 7. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 250 34 48 8. Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 150 6 8 9. Lead as Pb (mg/l) 0.1 BDL (< 0.01 mg/l) BDL (<0.01mg/l) 10. Turbidity as (NTU) 10 0.32 0.38 11. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.3 0.22 0.19 12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) 0.05 BDL (<0.01 mg/l) BDL (< 0.01mg/l) 13. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) 0.001 BDL (<0.001 mg/l) BDL (<0.001mg/l) 14. Oil & Grease (mg/l) - BDL (< 2 mg/l) BDL (<2 mg/l) 15. Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 95% of the

samples should not contain more than 10 coliform/100 ml

nil Nil

16. Feacal Coliform (MPN/100ml) Nil nil Nil 17. Cyanide as Cn (mg/l) 0.05 BDL (<0.001mg/l) BDL (<0.001mg/l) 18. Phosphate as PO4 (mg/l) - BDL (< 0.1 mg/l) BDL (<0.1mg/l )

Sources: Sampling and Testing by S M Consultants Pvt Ltd

4.1.7 Ambient Air Quality

Ambient Air Quality (Secondary information): Orissa State Pollution Control Board has monitoring stations at Rourkela and Sambalpur in Sundargarh and Sambalpur districts respectively, which are nearest locations to the project site. The monitoring stations fall under residential zone. Ambient air quality monitoring results (secondary) are presented in Table 4-11. The ambient air quality monitoring results (secondary) show that presently air quality of the region is good as all the parameters are well below the residential permissible limits.

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Table 4-11: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results of the Study Area

Sl No District/ Town

Station Name ZoneAmbient Air Quality Monitoring Restts

SPM µg/m3 SPM µg/m3 SO2 µg/m3 NOx µg/m3

1. Rourkela SPCB Office Buliding, Town R 167 82 11 11

2. Rourkela IDL Outpost R 162 93 5 10 3. Sambalpur Modipara R 105 43 BDL 9

Source: Orissa State Pollution Control Board

BDL- Below Detectable Level

Ambient Air Quality (Primary information): On-site Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out at 5 locations along the project corridor during month of May 2008. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring station had been selected for different category of zones. The details of the sampling stations are given in Table 4-12 and Figure 4-4.

Table 4-12: Locations of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations Sl. No. Location Station

Code Chainage

(km) Category of Zone

1 Dandepali, majhipali, Sambalpur AQ-1 (km 9.6) Residential 2 Opposite to Bhusan Steel Co Main Gate AQ-2 Km 39.6 Industrial 3 IDCO.Indl. Estate, Jharsuguda (Bypass) AQ-3 - Industrial 4 Ranibandha, Near Indian Oil Depot Rajgangpur AQ-4 (km 144) Residential /Rural 5 Gurudwara, vedavyas, Rourkela AQ-5 (km 167) Residential

SAMBALPUR

JHARSUGUDA

ROURKELA

DEOGARH

SUNDARGARH

Rengali

Lapanga

Durtago

KaramdihiBadagaon

Kutra

Kukurbhuka

NH

-200

SH

-31

SH

-31

NH-6

NH

-23

Rampela

Kirei

Bhasma

Jarangloi

Tudalaga

Bringatoli

Km 4+900

Km 79+800

Km

145+

500

Km

167+

400

Km 55+500

54

3

2

1

SAMBALPUR

JHARSUGUDA

ROURKELA

DEOGARH

SUNDARGARH

Rengali

Lapanga

Durtago

KaramdihiBadagaon

Kutra

Kukurbhuka

NH

-200

SH

-31

SH

-31

NH-6

NH

-23

Rampela

Kirei

Bhasma

Jarangloi

Tudalaga

Bringatoli

Km 4+900

Km 79+800

Km

145+

500

Km

167+

400

Km 55+500

54

3

2

1

Figure 4-4: Ambient air quality monitoring stations

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Monitoring was carried for 24 hour duration for SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx whereas for HC and CO it was carried out for 8 hour. The stations were selected at a height of 3 m from the surrounding average ground level and located between 20 m to 40 m away from the existing road centerline except at the Jharsuguda proposed bypass location. The monitoring results are presented in Table 4-13. The test result shows that presently all the parameters are well within the residential permissible limits.

Table 4-13: On-site Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results, May 2008 Station Code

Standards Monitoring results SPM

(µg/m3) RSPM (µg/m3)

NOX

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3)CO

(mg/m3)(HC)

(ppm)SPM

(µg/m3)RSPM (µg/m3)

NOX

(µg/m3) SO2

(µg/m3) CO

(mg/m3)(HC)

(ppm)AQ-1

200 100 80 80 2.0 -

110 68 18 9 0.26 BDL AQ-2 132 94 14 9 0.24 BDL AQ-3 92 64 11 10 0.115 BDL AQ-4 126 84 12 5 0.2 BDL AQ-5 182 106 17 11 1 BDL

Sources: Sampling and Testing by S M Consultants Pvt Ltd

BDL: Below Detectable Limits

4.1.8 Noise Levels

The educational and health care institutions along the project corridor comprise sensitive receptors with respect to noise pollution. There are 11 schools and 1 hospital parts of which fall within the proposed RoW. In addition there are 9 more educational institutes, which are located near the project corridor but beyond the proposed RoW. All the sensitive receptors identified during filed visit are given in Table 4-14.

Table 4-14: Educational institutions and Hospitals within proposed ROW Sl. No Location (km) Particulars Side of the road Remarks

1. 10.460 - 10.485 DPA College Right Within PRoW 2. 10.560 - 10.590 School Left Boundary wall Within PRoW 3. 10.810 Khristojyoti College Left Boundary wall Within PRoW 4. 10.890 Private Hospital Right Building within PRoW 5. JGD Bypass Law College Left Abandoned Building within PRoW 6. 91.410 Karamdihi UP School Right Boundary wall within PRoW 7. 100.490 School Left Boundary wall within PRoW 8. 104.840 ITMA College Right Boundary wall within PRoW 9. 104.920 ITMA School Left Boundary wall within PRoW

10. 111.500 School Left Out side PRoW 11. 112.150 U P School Right Out side PRoW 12. 114.025 P S College Left Out side PRoW 13. 120.210 School Right Boundary wall within PRoW 14. 124.560 School Left Boundary wall within PRoW 15. 125.890 School Left Structure within PRoW 16. 134.850 Girls’ School Left Out side PRoW 17. 137.060 College Right Boundary Wall within PRoW

Source: Primary Survey

4-13



To assess background noise levels in the study area, ambient noise level monitoring was conducted. A total of 6 monitoring stations were identified along the project road. The monitoring sites were uniformly spread over the entire stretch of the project road and covering different land-use areas. Generally, noise level was measured at the receptor distance about 8-10 m way from the project road. The locations of the monitoring stations are indicated in Table 4-15 and Figure 4-5.

Table 4-15: Locations of Noise Level Monitoring Stations Sl No

Location Location Code

Category of Zone

Chainage (km)

Remarks

1. Dandepali, Majhipali NQ-1 Silence 9.5 Kristo Mahavidyalaya 2. Badmal Panchyat Office NQ-2 Commercial 49.8 Badmal 3. Bheda Bahal NQ-3 Commercial Bypass Jharsuguda Bypass 4. Karamdihi U.P.School, Sundergarh NQ-4 Silence 91.3 Residential 5. Badagoan, Sundergarh NQ-5 Silence 114 Boys Primary School 6 Vedvyas, Chowk, Rourkela NQ6 Commercial 167 Priya Clinic

SAMBALPUR

JHARSUGUDA

ROURKELA

DEOGARH

SUNDARGARH

Rengali

Lapanga

Durtago

KaramdihiBadagaon

Kutra

Kukurbhuka

NH

-200

SH

-31

SH

-31

NH-6

NH

-23

Rampela

Kirei

Bhasma

Jarangloi

Tudalaga

Bringatoli

Km 4+900

Km 79+800

Km

145+

500

Km

167+

400

Km 55+500

65

4

3

2

1

SAMBALPUR

JHARSUGUDA

ROURKELA

DEOGARH

SUNDARGARH

Rengali

Lapanga

Durtago

KaramdihiBadagaon

Kutra

Kukurbhuka

NH

-200

SH

-31

SH

-31

NH-6

NH

-23

Rampela

Kirei

Bhasma

Jarangloi

Tudalaga

Bringatoli

Km 4+900

Km 79+800

Km

145+

500

Km

167+

400

Km 55+500

65

4

3

2

1

Figure 4-5: Locations of Noise Level Monitoring Stations

Ambient noise level or sound pressure levels (SPL) were measured by a portable integrated sound level meter having built in facilities to read noise level directly in dB(A). From the SPL values, equivalent continuous sound pressure level values (Leq) were calculated. Ambient noise

4-14



level monitoring was carried out during May, 2008. At each location monitoring was conducted continuously over a period of 24-hour to obtain Leq values at uniform time intervals of 1 hour. From the hourly Leq values, day and night Leq values were calculated so that comparisons can be made with the national ambient noise standards. On-site ambient noise level monitoring results are presented in Table 4-16.

Table 4-16: On-site Noise Level Monitoring Results Sl. No

Station Code Monitoring Results LeqD dB(A) LeqN dB(A) Leq(Max) dB(A) Leq(Min) dB(A)

1. NQ-1 63.8 42.6 74.4 38.8 2. NQ-2 64.2 44.1 78.2 38.1 3. NQ-3 65.8 46.1 77.9 35.8 4. NQ-4 54.1 38.9 64.2 36.2 5. NQ-5 60.4 43.1 70.8 37.2 6. NQ6 66.1 48.2 72.1 38.2

Source: Monitoring carried out by S M Consultants Pvt Ltd

The results indicate that Day time noise levels at NQ-1, NQ-5 are higher compared to standards. Noise levels at other stations are exceeding the standard marginally during day time and night time except at NQ-3 and NQ-4 where night time noise levels are within the permissible standards.

4.2 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.2.1 Forests

The project road passes through three districts viz Sambalpur, Jharsugurda and Sundargarh. According to legal classifications there are 4 types of forests in these districts. If we sum up forest areas of 3 districts, it shows that. They are Reserve Forests (4839.12 sq km) Demarcated Protected forests (1309.83 sq km), Unclassified Forests (2.94 sq km) and other forests under the control of revenue department (2639.64 sq km). The geographical area of these three districts is 18450 sq km. Classification wise detailed break-up of different types of the forests are given in Table 4-17.

Table 4-17: Different types of the Forests in the project districts and in Orissa

Sl No Classification of forest area Sambalpur Dist

Jharsuguda Dist

Sundargarh Dist Orissa State

1 Reserve Forests 2152 36 2652 26329 2 Un-classified Forests 1 0 2 21 3 Demarcated Protected Forests (DPF) 363 110 837 11686 4 Un-demarcated Protected Forests (UDPF) 0 0 0 3839 5 Other forests under Revenue Department 1116 57 1467 16261 6 Total Govt. Forests 3632 202 4957 58136 7 Total Geographic Area 6657 2081 9712 155707

Sources: www.orissaforest.org.

4-15



The above table shows that Sambalpur and Sundergarh districts have above 50% area under forest in comparison to only 37% of the entire state. Jharsuguda has only 10% of its entire area under forests.

Forest length along the project corridor is approximately 14.5km5. These comprise 6 Reserve Forests of approximately 8.1km and Revenue Forest land of approximately 6.4km. Reserve Forests along the corridor are Lumdungri RF, Kilasama RF, Deuli RF, Kumbahal RF, Runga RF and Khatang RF. The specific chainages and details for the forest stretches are presented in Table 4-18.

Table 4-18: Forests Areas Identified along the Project Road LHS RHS

Chainage (km) Length (km) Chainage (km) Length (km) From To From To 20.4 20.9 0.5 20 21.3 1.3 35.5 37.25 1.75 68.1 70.4 2.3 69.2 70.4 1.2 71.7 72.2 0.5 71.4 72.2 0.8 92.8 93.8 1 92.6 94 1.4 94.9 98.2 3.3 94.9 98.3 3.4 101 102 1 100.8 102 1.2 103.2 104.6 1.4 102.4 104.65 2.25 106 107.5 1.5 106.1 107.5 1.4 109.7 110.3 0.6 115.3 115.6 0.3 125.35 125.8 0.45

135.45 136.65 1.2 136.8 137 0.2 TOTAL 15.4 TOTAL 13.55

Sources: Observation during Field Survey by LASA

4.2.2 Road side trees

Approximately 9,100 trees exist within the proposed RoW. Of these, about 3600 trees are on the left hand side and about 5,500 trees are on right hand side of the project road. Predominant species are Sal, Teak, Palash, Syzygium, Arjuna, Neem, Tamarind, Mango Eucalyptus, Acacia, etc.

Table 4-19: Chainage wise Higher Density of Trees along the Project Road Sl. No. Tree number in km Chianage

1 Greater than 130 9-10, 19-20, 20-21, 60-61, 72-73, 95-96, 97-98, 107-108, 127-128, 134-135, 135-136, 143-144, 152-153, 153-154

2. Greater than or equal to 100 but less than 130

10-11, 13-14, 69-70, 96-97, 101-102, 102-103, 109-110, 118-119, 119-120, 131-132, 137-138, 138-139, 144-145

5 Actual lengths of forest stretches along project corridor will be available during joint verification for forest land diversion along with the State Forest Department

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4.2.3 Terrestrial and Aquatic Fauna

As per the records of the district gazetteer wildlife such as elephant, snake, fox, rat, Indian wolf, sloth bear etc. are found in the forest areas that are located within 10 km radius of the project road. Discussions with the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) revealed that wild life along the existing project corridor is minimal. However, there are three locations of elephant crossings across the project corridor identified, where elephants cross the corridor occasionally in search of food. The locations of elephant corridors are km 87/500, km 95/500 and km 109/600. Further consultations will be undertaken in the Final PPR stage to establish the likelihood of adverse impacts on elephant movement and need of mitigation measures, during formulation of the Final EIA Report.

The region is also rich in aquatic ecology. Various species of snakes occur in the district. Among the principal poisonous snakes may be mentioned the varieties of cobra, Naja naja kaouthia, locally known as Tamp and Naja naja naja, Naga or Gokhra and the Chandra-boda or the Russel’s viper Vipera russelli. The common non-poisonous snakes are Ajagara (Python molurus) and Dhamana (Ptyas mucosus). Though the present road is already under operation, necessity of reptile underpasses at select locations will be discussed with the concerned forest officials during preparation of the Final EIA Report.

The large deep pools in the beds of the rivers, the tanks and the water reservoirs contain numerous small and large species of fish. The principal among them are Rohi (Lobeo Rohita), Mirikali (Cirrhinay mrigala), Bhakur (Catla catla), Sala (Ophiocephalus marulius), Seula (Ophiocephalus striatus), Balia (Wallago attu), Ilishi (Hilsa ilisha) and various other species. Consultations are proposed in the Final EIA Report stage for finalization of mitigation measures proposed at affected ponds along the corridor.

CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS OF COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS

5-1

CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS OF COMMUNITY

CONSULTATIONS

The present chapter describes findings of the community consultations undertaken so far. Community consultation exercise was carried out in the project stretch during the field surveys conducted for preparation of Feasibility Report and during preparation of the Draft PPR. However, the consultations are limited in number as the consultants were advised by the Collectors to undertake public consultation only after initiation of the land acquisition process.

5.1 OBJECTIVE

The basic objectives of community consultations are

• To make community aware of the proposed program of upgrading the present corridor,

• To record the opinion of people regarding environmental impacts of the proposed project and suggested mitigation measures,

• To ascertain the views and preference of the people adversely affected or benefited by the proposed project, and

• To incorporate the findings of community consultation in project design.

5.2 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY

Consultation mechanism employed during project preparation ensured effective involvement of people, which need to be continued in implementation and operation stages. The consultation strategy adopted for project preparation is envisaged in three stages: Feasibility Stage, Survey and Project Design and Detailed Project Preparation Stage. Methodologies adopted during these stages of the project preparation are mentioned below.

Table 5-1: Consultation Mechanism at different Stages of Project Preparation Stages Methodologies adopted Major Areas (Issues)

Feasibility Report Stage

Formal and informal consultation; Focused Group Discussions (FGD); Meeting with stakeholders; Identification of land and other assets within RoW

Information dissemination about the project and identification of Valued Ecological Components (VECs), Social issues

Survey and Design (Draft PPR stage)

Structured consultation at pre-decided dates; Census survey of PAFs; FGD; Discussion with other Groups and staff at project Field offices

Road widening and bypass alignments, road user safety, preliminary discussions on wildlife and forest issues and Social issues

Detailed Project preparation (to be undertaken in Final PPR stage)

Structured consultation at pre-decided dates; FGD and other Group Discussion; District level Stakeholders meet

Forest and wild life clearance, acceptance of proposed mitigation measures in Draft PPR

Consultations were undertaken to disseminate information about project to the potentially affected people, and to incorporate their views and suggestions in the in the design as well as formulation of mitigation measures. Consultation sessions were primarily held at key settlements

5-2



and public properties likely to be impacted, etc. These local consultations on both environmental and social helped to finalize issues such as the location of proposed bus shelters and truck lay-byes, conservation of religious/cultural structures, possible realignments, restricting the right of way requirements, etc.

Details of consultations have been presented in Chapter 8. Though preliminary discussions were held with various stakeholders in the earlier stages of the project, further consultations are proposed, to address specific environmental concerns such as provision of noise barriers, mitigation measures at pond locations, assessment of impact on elephant corridors and likely mitigation measures, diversion of forest land, etc. In addition to the above Public Hearing in all the three districts of Sambalpur, Jharsuguda and Sundergarh will be undertaken after submission of the Draft EIA and SIA along with R&R Action Plan to the State Pollution Control Board, as per the directions of the MoEF under the EIA Notification, 2006.

5.3 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION FINDINGS

The major concerns expressed during the consultation process have been regarding land acquisition and compensation for lost assets which has been described in Volume V: Draft SIA and R&R Action Plan. Other issues discussed include the following:

• Management of common property resources (CPR) was viewed as a critical issue as according to common perception the CPRs are seldom rehabilitated as per community opinion. It was suggested that shifting of utilities and CPRs be done after consultation with the local people.

• It was suggested by the villagers that local labour should be hired to provide employment to the villagers for the construction period.

• Along the congested settlements, PAPs suggested that concentric widening be so that equal amount of land is acquired from either side of the road.

Location wise suggestions pertaining to environmental issues have been presented in Table 5-1.

Table 5-2: Location wise suggestions provided during community consultations S. No

Location Suggestions of local people Incorporation of suggestions

1 Ainthapali (4+944 to 5+500) Number of participants- 35

• Local people should be given preference for employment during construction phase.

• Concentric widening should be proposed at ribbon development stretches to avoid complete loss of properties of owners on one side of the road. Land should be equally acquired from both sides

In the urban stretches restricted right of way and concentric widening have been proposed, which will distribute and minimize impacts along the project corridor.

Community Consultation Chh.10+400 at Vill.

Manjhapalli

5-3



S. No

Location Suggestions of local people Incorporation of suggestions

2 Majhipali (9+600 to 11+600) Number of participants - 56

• The village has two hospitals and one educational institution and many more educational institutions will be opening up in near feature so there will be a requirement of underpass near the junction,

• During construction, labour should be hired from the particular village and

• Replanting of trees along the road as most would be cut due to widening.

• To distribute and minimize impacts restricted right of way was adopted along this stretch.

• Most construction companies hire local labor.

• Trees would be replanted as per the prevailing forest rules.

3. Kilasama, Rengali and Ganesh Nagar (18+000 to 25+000) Number of participants - 70

Participants opposed the option of resettlement as they had had settled here after being moved from Hirakud dam site. They were not keen to shift again.

To reduce the number of people getting affected restricted right of way was adopted along this stretch.

There is already a proposal for Rengali bypass which is ending at Km. 24+300.The villagers wanted it to be extended upto Km. 27+700, or

The evaluation results indicate that the suggested alternative LHS bypass is not techno-economically feasible. Besides it requires environmental clearance for Hirakud catchment area and hill cutting of 41m. It is to be noted that the project also requires fresh forest clearance which may take considerable time.

Provision of an alternate bypass starting from Km 18+200 to Km. 27+900 along the left hand side of the railway track.

4. Tangarpali (60+627 to 62+009) Number of participants - 120

There should be change in Jharsuguda bypass alignment as the proposed alignment hits the Tangapali settlement and more than 60 structures are getting impacted.

After community consultation, the bypass has been realigned

CHAPTER 6: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

6-1

CHAPTER 6: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

As described earlier roads act as the back bone of economy of areas through which they pass and have a positive impact on the socio-economic condition and quality of life of the people living in the area. However, because of the symbiotic relationship between the environment and development, both positive and negative and reversible and irreversible impacts are observed in any road development project. The present chapter provides an assessment of the potential environmental impacts that are likely to occur due to the expansion of the road to cater to increased traffic levels.

A proposed road development project can have impacts in five specific situations as follows: • Impacts of location,

• Impacts during project design,

• Impacts during pre-construction stage,

• Impacts during construction stage, and

• Impacts when the road becomes operational.

Likely impacts under each category are presented in the following sections.

6.2 IMPACTS OF LOCATION

The present road corridor has been serving the people of the region as a major transportation route since many years. Under the proposed project, the existing two lanes corridor will be improved to four lanes with little land acquisition for widening of RoW width and geometric corrections for safety of road users. Thus, no significant changes are anticipated with regard to location of the road.

6.3 IMPACTS DURING PROJECT DESIGN

No major impacts on environment of the project area during design of the project. The following field surveys had been carried out without major interference:

• Topographic surveys have been carried out without disruption to traffic and impact on road user safety,

• Pavement surveys and Geotechnical surveys have been carried out in small localized area, and

• Air, noise and water sampling has been carried out without disturbance to the local community.

Hence no adverse impacts during project design activities on the environment had occurred during this stage.

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6.3.1 Preconstruction Phase

Impacts during the preconstruction phase primarily relate to preconstruction activities such as the following:

6.3.1.1 Acquisition of new Right of Way

Widening of the road corridor will require additional land beyond the land already possessed by OWD. This will result in diversion of land from its current use. Since the proposed RoW is only half or less than half of the existing RoW (except for bypass stretches) the land requirements are lesser than that for new alignment.

The estimated total land requirement for the project is 231 Ha. Of this approximately 218 Ha comprises agricultural and private lands whereas, approximately 12.7 ha comprises different types of forest lands namely Reserved Forests and Revenue Forests. Details of forestland to be diverted for the project have been given in Table 6-1 below.

Table 6-1: Details of Forest area to be diverted along project corridor

Sl. No. Type/Name of Forests Chainage (km) Forest Area to be

diverted (m2) From To 1. Kilasama R F 20.000 21.300 Nil 2. Deuli R F 68.100 70.400 28377 3. Open Mixed Jungle 71.700 72.200 5900 4. Kumbahal RF & Runga RF 94.900 98.300 27787.5 5. Open Mixed Jungle 101.000 102.000 11295 6. Open Mixed Jungle 102.400 104.650 24339 7. Open Mixed Jungle 106.100 107.500 14825 8. Open Mixed Jungle 109.600 110.300 7187.5 9. Khatang RF 136.400 137.000 7102.5

Total Forest Area Proposed for Diversion 126813.5* * The figures are tentative since the exact area will be ascertained after joint inspection during forestry clearance procedures

6.3.1.2 Impacts of Site clearance activities

• Site clearance will lead to removal and loss of trees present within the proposed RoW.

• Shifting of utilities during this operation will lead to inconvenience and adversely affect the safety of road users and local population.

• Temporary noise and dust pollution are anticipated during site clearance stage, wherein structures and impediments within the proposed RoW will be demolished and removed.

• Significant quantities of debris will be generated from removal of structures, shrubs, tree stumps, earth, etc. during site clearance of the proposed RoW.

6.3.2 Construction Phase

Impacts during construction phase are primarily on account of negligence while undertaking the construction works. Key impacts due to construction related activities are as follows:

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6.3.2.1 Impacts at Construction site

• Impacts on human welfare: Construction at settlement stretches is likely to cause temporary adverse impacts on the road side communities. Impacts include nuisance on account of air, noise and vibration impacts during road construction, hindrance of access to road side properties during shifting of utilities and construction of road side drains and road safety issues from construction materials and equipments.

• Wildlife impacts: Though presence of endangered wildlife has not been reported in the forest stretches along side the road, elephant crossing at three locations have been reported between Sundergarh and Rajgangpur. Instances of conflict may arise if elephants stray close to the corridor during the construction period of the project. In addition, construction work will affect the tranquility of the wild habitat and may prompt the animals; birds, amphibians and reptiles to run away into the interiors of the forest, or get killed or injured while in distress to cross the road.

• Pollution impacts: Construction close to major cross drainage structures may lead to runoff of silt and pollutants into the drainage channels thereby adversely affecting aquatic life and health of down stream water users. Generation of air and dust pollution due to operation of heavy vehicles and movement of machineries and equipment for material handling, earth moving, laying of sands, metal, stones, asphalt etc are anticipated.

• Ecological impacts: Loss of productive top soil through improper storage, erosion and compaction by construction equipment may result during this phase.

• Impacts on water resources: A number of small and medium size ponds exist within the PRoW along the existing road and bypasses. The construction activity shall require filling up those water bodies partially or fully. Reduction of the area of these surface water bodies will be a moderate long-term negative irreversible impact.

Location, total area, side of the corridor and extents of impact of the ponds has been tabulated below.

Table 6-2: Impact on Ponds along the Project Corridor Sl No

Design Ch (km)

Existing Ch (km)

Total Area (m2)

Affected Area (m2)

Side of the alignment

Extent of Impact (%)

1 7+010 7.060 2197 139 Left 6.32% 2. 25+900 26+110 1749 122 Left 7%, 3. 25+900 26+110 1395 64 Right 4.5% 4. 31+920 32+250 2056 827 Right 40.2% 5. 55+120 Bypass 2916 638 Right 22% 6 68+410 70+350 1463 321 Right 22% 7 69+300 71+240 1053 107 Right 10.1% 8. 70+960 72+890 966 180 Right 18.63% 9. 71+200 73+130 1080 86 Right 8% 10 72+230 74+160 492 350 Right 71.1% 11 85+325 87+250 2309 350 Right 15% 12 86+500 88+430 5424 253 Left 4.7% 13 88+375 90+300 614 652 Left 94.2% 14 101+080 103+030 2671 205 Right 7.7% 15 103+200 105+140 1230 360 Left 29.2% 16 108+325 110+270 9090 425 Left 20.3%

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Sl No

Design Ch (km)

Existing Ch (km)

Total Area (m2)

Affected Area (m2)

Side of the alignment


17 108+350 110+295 1525 175 Right 11.5% 18 123+325 125+275 3315 17 Right 0.5% 19 124+085 126+800 380 115 Left 30.26 20 125+260 127+210 5000 133 Right 2.42% 21 127+640 129+600 3900 780 Right 13%

6.3.2.2 Impacts at plant site

• Pollution impacts: Generation of toxic exhaust gases as a result of asphalt manufacturing and hot mix plants adversely affects the workers as well as nearby settlements situated down wind of the plant site. Asphalt and oil from vehicle maintenance areas pose a risk of water pollution to local surface and ground water resources.

6.3.2.3 Impacts at borrow and quarry sites

• Health impacts: Borrow pits/quarries are generally located along the road corridors. Soil with gravel (morrum) occurs extensively along the project corridor within reasonable lead distances. However, after lifting these construction materials, if borrow and quarry areas are not restored then water accumulation in these pits may encourage breeding of disease carrying vectors such as mosquitoes.

• Pollution impacts: Haul roads to borrow and quarry sites are generally earthen roads. Constant movement of truck traffic on these roads during construction will lead to temporary nuisance of dust and noise pollution. Local population and crops grown along such roads are likely to be adversely affected. Crusher operations at the quarry locations too generate significant amount of dust and noise. Vibrations and noise due to blasting operations are a nuisance to the nearby habitations;

• Safety impacts: There is danger of flying debris from the blasting if quarries are close to habitations, agricultural fields or cattle grazing grounds

6.3.2.4 Construction workers colony

• Health impacts: Sewage and domestic solid waste is generated at the construction workers colony. Improper management of these wastes may lead to health and hygiene related problems among the construction workers and the local population.

• Impacts on human welfare: Competition for natural resources such as fuel wood, fodder, water etc. may lead to conflict between the construction workers and the local population.

6.3.3 Operation Phase

Key anticipated impacts during operation stage are presented in the following paragraphs.

6.3.3.1 Air pollution

During the operation phase of the highway, there will be increase in air pollution levels due to the increased traffic volumes. To assess the likely concentrations at the various locations along the corridor, the prediction of the pollutant concentrations has been carried out using CALINE-4, a dispersion model based on Gaussian Equation. Various assumptions made for predicting the pollution levels along the corridor through this model are discussed below:

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• No significant change in emission characteristics of the vehicles is anticipated during the projected period and any assumption in decrease of emission factors would only be hypothetical. This assumption would give a conservative estimate of the emissions and any decrease in emissions in future than those used for prediction will be beneficial.

• There are no major grade differences in the project area as it is generally a plain terrain and gentle slopes and the model is applied for “At grade” condition for the whole corridor.

• The traffic along the proposed section is assumed to flow simultaneously in both the lanes and in both directions. This assumption presents a worst-case scenario of the pollution levels.

The incremental pollution levels predicted along the project corridor at various receptors are presented in the Appendix 6.1 for the years 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035. The predictions have been made for the pollutants SPM, CO and NOx. The predicted concentration also takes into account the existing pollutant levels as established by the Ambient Air Quality Surveys.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Schoo

l at 5

+550

Colleg

e at 1

0+70

0

Schoo

l at 6

6+30

0

Schoo

l at 6

6+30

0

Schoo

l at 7

5+10

0

Eng. C

olleg

e at 7

8+30

0

Ashram

at 86

+100

Schoo

l at 9

1+10

0

Schoo

l at 9

1+40

0

Schoo

l at 1

04+8

00

Colleg

e at 1

04+9

00

Schoo

l at 1

08+0

00

Schoo

l at 1

09+1

50

Schoo

l at 1

12+1

00

IIPM at

156+

100

Schoo

l at 1

64+4

00

CO SPM NO Figure 6-1: Predicted concentration of air quality parameters (in µg/m3) in 2035

The predicted levels of the pollutant gases are not significant in the horizon years.

• The predicted concentrations for CO at all locations for all horizon years are below 2000 µg/m3 the National Ambient Air Quality Standards specified for rural and residential areas.

• SPM values exceed the rural and residential standard (200µg/m3) only in the year 2035 at 12 locations out of 16 and only at one location in 2030.

• NO values are below the rural and residential standard (80µg/m3) in the year 2035

6.3.3.2 Noise pollution

Similar to air pollution; increase in traffic levels in future years will lead to higher noise levels on road side properties. Operational noise for the highway was predicted through the Community Noise Model (CNM) developed by University of Central Florida with funding from the American Automobile Manufacturers Association. The predicted noise levels indicate that the Residential Permissible Noise Standards are surpassed at key roadside schools and colleges.

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6.3.3.3 Wildlife

There are no National Parks and Sanctuaries along the project road and its vicinity. No endangered or rare species are reported within the impact zones of the project road. However, wild elephant crossings have been reported in the project corridor in the Sundargarh Forest Division at 3 locations namely km 87/500, km 95/500 and km 109/600. Conflicts with wild life are anticipated on such locations due to increase in traffic density and speed.

CHAPTER 7: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES AND MITIGATION MEASURES

7-1

CHAPTER 7: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

The chapter discusses the various alternatives consider for the bypass alignments and thought process behind the selection of the best suitable alignment. Subsequently the mitigation measures have been describe for preconstruction, construction and operation stages in order to minimize the impacts as mentioned in Chapter 6.

7.1 DESIGN STAGE – ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

7.1.1 Highway design alignment

The proposed highway design alignment has been undertaken as per accepted standards to ensure safety of all road users. In addition facilities and safety such as bus bays, guard rails, foot paths, etc. have been incorporated to minimize adverse impacts of traffic increase in the corridor. These aspects have been covered in engineering chapters of the report.

7.1.2 Bypass alternatives

Rengali town

Two alternative bypass alignments, one on the west (Option III) and one on the east (Option II) of the town were considered along with the option of widening along the existing road (Option I). Based on Quantitative and Qualitative assessments Option-II was chosen. This alignment has the least number of structures and less land getting affected with respect to Option III. The total construction cost and social / environmental cost thus works out to be very less for Option II, Apart from this the geometry has been improved, hence recommended to follow this option for Rengali Bypass. Alternative Alignments have been shown in the Figure below.

Jharsuguda town

Four alternative alignments one including widening along existing alignment (Option I), the other one as the extension of the existing western bypass (Option II) and the remaining two on eastern side of the town, of which, one joining the project corridor prior to the existing airport located north of the town (Option III); and the second eastern bypass along a new alignment joining the project corridor further north (Option IV), avoiding the airport has been explored. Based on similar analysis it was concluded that the extension of the existing western bypass has maximum advantages for construction of bypass. Hence Option-II was recommended Bypass alignment for the bypass at Jharsuguda.

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Option I: Existing AlignmentOption III: Western side Bypass

Option II: eastern side Bypass

Option I: Existing AlignmentOption III: Western side Bypass

Option II: eastern side Bypass

Figure 7-1: Bypass alternatives of Rengali town

Option II: Western Bypass

Option I: Existing Alignment

Option III:Eastern Bypass (1)

Option IV: Eastern Bypass (2)Option II: Western Bypass

Option I: Existing Alignment

Option III:Eastern Bypass (1)

Option IV: Eastern Bypass (2)

Figure 7-2: Bypass alternatives of Jharsuguda town

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7.1.3 Reduction in Proposed RoW

To reduce impact on environmental and social resources restricted right of way sections were adopted in both urban and rural stretches. The following figures present the various restricted RoWs adopted instead of the regular 45m proposed RoW.

DF F

D

Figure 7-3: Urban cross section (Conc 1R) with 40m restricted RoW

DF

DF

Figure 7-4: Urban cross section (Conc 2R) with 30m restricted RoW

C CF FE E

Figure 7-5: Rural cross section (Conc R) with 34m restricted RoW

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7.2 DESIGN STAGE - MITIGATION MEASURES

In anticipation of project impacts during the construction and operation stages mitigation measures have been formulated in the design stage. The proposed design modifications and additional works will ensure that such likely impacts are arrested during project implementation and operation stages. Details of such mitigation measures are presented in the Construction and Operation stages depending on when such mitigation measures are expected to be effective.

7.3 PRE -CONSTRUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Management measures suggested during construction stage shall ensure effective mitigation of likely environmental impacts at this stage.

7.3.1 Conservation of top soil

The topsoil shall be stripped upto a depth of 15 cm at all locations opened up for construction. The stripped topsoil should be carefully stockpiled at suitable accessible locations approved by the PIU. At least 10% of the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing topsoil.

The stockpiles for storing the topsoil shall be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and the height of the pile is restricted to 2 m. A minimum distance of 1m is required between stockpiles of different materials.

In the cases where the topsoil has to be preserved for more than a month, the stockpile is to be stabilized within 7 days of forming. The stabilization shall be carried out through temporary seeding. It consists of planting rapid-growing annual grasses or small grains, to provide initial, temporary cover for erosion control.

After spreading the topsoil on disturbed areas, topsoil must be seeded, and mulched within 30 days of final grading.

During construction, if erosion occurs from stockpiles due to their location in small drainage paths, the sediment-laden runoff should be prevented from entering nearby watercourses.

Locate stockpiles in …

• A secure area away from

o Grade, Subsoil & Overburden materials;

o Pit activities; and

o Day-to-day operations.

• Areas that do not interfere with future pit expansion

• Areas away from drainage paths and uphill of sediment barriers.

Vegetative Technologies for stockpile stabilisation…

• Must consist of grasses, legumes, herbaceous, or woody plants or a mixture thereof

• Selection & use of vegetative cover to take into account soil and site characteristics such as drainage, pH, nutrient availability, and climate to ensure permanent growth

7-5



Preservation of Stockpiles: The Concessionaire shall preserve the stockpile material for later use on slopes of the embankment or plantation areas as instructed by the engineer.

Spreading back of topsoil: The area to be covered with vegetation shall be prepared to the required levels and slope. The stockpile material shall be spread evenly to a depth of 5-15cm to the designed slopes and watering the same as required. The growth of the vegetation shall be monitored at frequent intervals.

All temporary arrangements made for stockpile preservation and erosion control are to be removed after reusing the stockpile material.

7.3.2 Stabilization of high embankment slopes

Slope of the road embankment shall be fixed within the range of 1:2 to 1:3, which will reduce the possibilities of slope failure. Further to stabilize the slope, vegetative cover as per Box 7-1 shall be done

Box 7-1: Detailed specifications for Vegetative cover

Description:

• The vegetative cover should be planted in the region where the soil has capacity to support plantation and at locations where meteorological conditions favour vegetative growth.

Site Preparation:

• To prevent the seeds from washing away subsequent to sowing, area should be protected with surface roughening and diversions.

• Soil samples should be taken from the site and analysed for fertiliser and lime requirements.

Seed Application:

• The seed should be sown uniformly as soon as preparation of the seedbed has been completed.

• No seed should be sown during windy weather, or when the ground surface is watery, or when not tillable.

Maintenance:

• During first six weeks, the planting should inspected by the IE/PIU, to check if the growth is uniform and dense. Appropriate moisture levels shall be maintained. There may be requirement of watering the plantings regularly during the dry seasons. Fertiliser and pest control applications may also be needed from time to time.

In case slope is steeper than 1:2, stone pitching (Figure 7-6) will be done. Stones will be fixed on slopes by gentle hammering. A P.C.C. anchor will be provided at the base, which will prevent

Preserving stockpiles – Precautions

• Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handing will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur.

• Divert runoff around stockpiles unavoidably located in drainage paths using a perimeter bank uphill.

• The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin immediately in case they are not stored for periods longer than 1 month

7-6



sliding of stones on slope. The gaps between adjacent stones allow grass to grow which will hold the soil firmly together.

Figure 7-6 Stone Pitching

To check the slope stabilisation of borrow pits adjacent to the embankment, the depth of the pit will be so regulated that the bottom edge of pit shall not intersect the imaginary line of slope 1:4 drawn from the top edge of the nearest embankment (Figure 7-7). To avoid embankment slippage and erosion, borrow pits shall not be dug continuously. In general turfing is suggested for a embankment height 3 m and stone pitching is suggested for embankment height more than 3 m as slope protection measures.

Figure 7-7: Depth Specification for Borrow Pit Along the Road

7.3.3 Mitigation of cut and fill operations

Cut and fill works are to be carried out strictly in accordance with the design drawings. Where extra spoil material is generated, it should be used for reclamation of borrow pits and quarries, low-lying areas in barren land and in settlements along the project corridors.

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7.3.4 Mititgation of visual scars

Requirement of materials shall necessitate creation of new borrow areas and quarry pits. Such pits shall be rehabilitated after specific use by grading the steep slopes and covering them with vegetation or converting them into water body. These measures shall form a part of this project. Similarly, fresh embankments created at the site shall be covered with dredged earth for turfing of the slopes. Thus it will prevent erosion and minimise the runoff and stabilizing the embankment.

7.3.5 Prevention of oil contamination

At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil. It will be ensured that the fuel storage and refueling sites are kept at least 300 m away from drainage channels and important water bodies. In all fuel storage and refueling areas located on agricultural lands or productive lands, the topsoil preservation shall be carried out.

7.3.6 Prevention of water pollution

While working around or near the water body following measures should be undertaken:

• Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting the sediments before letting them into the water body.

• Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes for re-vegetation.

• Alternate drain inlets and outlets shall be provided in the event of closure of existing drainage channels of the water body.

• Movement of machinery, workforce shall be restricted around the water body and no waste from construction camps or sites shall be disposed into it.

Detailed specifications for Silt Fencing are presented in Box 7-2. Box 7-2: Detailed Specifications for Silt Fencing

Description:

• Silt fencing is a temporary sediment barrier made of woven, synthetic filtration fabric supported by steel or wood post. The purpose of the silt fence is to prevent sediment carried by sheet flow from leaving the site and entering to natural drainage or any other water body located near the construction site. Silt fencing encourages the sheet flow and reduces the potential for development of rills and gullies. Care should be taken that silt fences are not installed across streams, ditches, waterways or other concentrated flow areas. All silt fencing should be installed along the contour, never up or down a slope. Where all the sheet flow run off is to be stored behind the silt fence, maximum slope length should not exceed as shown in the Table 1.

Table 1: Criteria For Silt Fence Placement Land Slope (%) Maximum Slope Length (Above the fence in m)

< 2 30.0 2 to 5 22.5 5 to 10 15.0 10 to 20 7.5

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Box 7-2: Detailed Specifications for Silt Fencing > 20* 4.5 * In areas where slope is greater than 20 %, a flat area length of 3.0 m between the toe of the slope and the fence should be provided

Construction Specification: • Silt fencing (Refer Figure 5.5 for Cross-section) consists of 1.0 m wide filter fabric and should be

placed on the contour. The contractor should purchase silt fencing in a continuous role to the length of the barrier to avoid the use of joint. Incase of joints, filter cloth should be spliced together only at supporting post, with minimum 15 cm overlap and securely sealed. The pile is driven to the depth of 300 mm into the ground by pressing from the top. The frame will be installed at the edge of stockpiles and at the water bodies along which construction is in progress.

Inspection: • The independent engineer will inspect location as well as efficiency of silt fencing. The inspection

should be done after every 15 days and incase of storm water, within 24 hours after the end of rain.

Maintenance: • The Concessionaire should remove sediments, once it has accumulated to one-half of the original

height of the fence. Filter fabric should be replaced whenever it has deteriorated to such an extent that the effective of the fabric is reduced. Silt fence should remain in place until disturb areas have been permanently stabilized. All the sediments accumulated and properly disposed of before the fence is removed. The operation of removing and disposing have to be monitored by the engineer in-charge of the Concessionaire.

Side View

Fabric (Woven Wire Fence Baking)

Front View

Figure 7-8: Cross-sections of Silt Fencing

Following are the measures that need to be undertaken to prevent contamination of water body during the progress of work and also during the operation phase of the project corridor:

• To prevent the entry of the surface run-off from fuel and other contaminants into the wells and other surface water bodies along the corridor, construction of settling ponds and the installation of oil receptors shall be undertaken.

• All wastes arising from the project shall be disposed off at identified disposal sites only.

• No vehicles or equipment shall be parked or re-fuelled near the water-body, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants.

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• At the construction camps, the sewage system shall be designed and built so that no water pollution takes place in any water body or watercourse.

• Surface water quality monitoring is to be conducted during the construction and operation phase to monitor and control the quality of surface water. Monitoring is to be carried out for 3 seasons (excluding monsoons) for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 years operation period).

• Silt fencing will be provided at the following location during construction period.

Table 7-1: Details of Silt Fencing Location Sl No Ch km Side Type of Water Body

1 41+400 LHS & RHS Bhedan River 2 49+880 LHS & RHS Canal 3 66+820 LHS & RHS Sapai River 4 85+650 LHS & RHS IB Tributory 5 101/2 LHS & RHS Saral Nala 6 166/2 LHS & RHS Ghughar River

7.3.7 Minimization of air pollution

Adverse impacts of air and dust pollution are anticipated during construction stage depending upon the location of pollution sources and receptors. To minimize such impacts the following mitigation measures are suggested.

• Selecting the site for plant area and parking lot for equipments and vehicles as per Box 7-3. Box 7-3: Siting of Plant Area / Parking Lot

Avoid the following … Prefer the following …

• Lands within 1000m of habitations

• Irrigated agricultural lands

• Lands within 1000 m of community water bodies and water sources as rivers

• Lands within 1000m of watercourses

• Grazing lands and lands with tenure rights

• Waste lands

• Community lands not used for beneficial purposes

• Lands with an existing access road

• Obtaining “No Objection Certificate (NOC)” from the Orissa State Pollution Control Board before setting up Crusher, Batching Plant, Hot-mix Plant and Generator Set.

• Ensuring all vehicles must possess Pollution under Control (PUC) Certificate and shall be renewed before expiry of PUC certificates.

• Air Quality Monitoring should be carried out during the construction and operation phase (construction period considered to be 3 years and 2 years operation) to monitor the level of air pollutants and keep a check on the concentration. Monitoring at plants site installed by the Concessionaire should be monitored at per the conditions stipulated in the consent (by OSPCB) letter or as suggested by the Independent Engineer/PIU.

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Table 7-2: Measures to minimise air pollution during the progress of work Concern Causes Measures

Dust Generation

Vehicle Movement

Water sprinkling Fine Materials shall be Transported in Bags or Covered by Tarpaulin during Transportation Tail board shall be properly closed & sealed

Crushers Water Sprinkling Concrete-mix Plant

Educate the workers for following good practices while material handling

Emissions Hot-Mix Plant

Site Selection as per Clause 6.5.2, Section 6.5, IRC Manual for Construction & Supervision of Bitumen Work Regular maintenance of Dust Collector as per manufacture schedule

Vehicles Regular maintenance as per manufacture schedule Generators Exhaust vent of long length

7.3.8 Minimization of noise pollution

The plants and equipment used for construction shall strictly conform to existing noise norms. Vehicles and equipments used shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. During routine servicing operations (as per manufacture schedule), the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and in case of any defect, shall be replaced immediately. The noise level from any item of plants (measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes, vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB (A), as specified in the Environmental Protection Rules, 1986.

In construction sites within 150 m of the nearest habitation, noisy construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing, batching will be stopped during the night time between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. No noisy construction activities will be permitted around the silence zones, a distance of 100m from the sensitive receptors as hospitals, educational institutions etc. Blasting will be carried out as per ‘The Explosives Rules, 1983’. Prior intimation of operational hours of the blasting will be given to the people living near such blasting sites. Blasting will not be undertaken in night hours.

To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, noise standards of industrial enterprises will be strictly enforced, and workers shall be provided with protective devices such as earplugs.

The boundary walls of the sensitive receptors should be increased to a height of 3.5 meter with respect to the project road level and vegetation should be developed as space available on both the side of the boundary wall.

Noise level Monitoring shall be carried out to monitor and keep a check on noise levels during construction phase and operation phase. Monitoring is to be carried out for all 3 seasons a year (except monsoons) for 3 years (construction period).

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Concern Causes Measures

Noise

Heavy load vehicles

Exhaust silencer, Regular maintenance as per manufacture schedule

Crushers Siting as per Box 5.3

Generators Shall be kept in closed room and regular maintenance as per manufacture schedule

21 sensitive receptors are present along the project corridor. Location wise mitigation and enhancement measures are given in Table 7-3.

Table 7-3: Mitigation Measures for Sensitive Receptors Sl No

Design Ch km (km)

Ex ch (km)

Direction Type of Property Mitigation / Enhancement Measures suggested

1. 10+020 10+080 Right DPA college 35 m long and 3.5 m high physical barrier and plantation proposed

2. 10+500 10+560 Left School Boundary Only Plantation suggested for 25 m along the road

3. 10+750 10+810 Left Khrista Jyoti College 35 m long and 3.5 m high physical barrier shall be provided followed by plantation.

4. 10+830 10+890 Right Private Hospital No mitigation measures suggested as maximum part of the structure will be acquired and it is anticipated that it won’t be able to function thereafter.

5. 54+800 Bypass Left Law College No mitigation measures suggested as the building is abandoned structure

6 89+480 91+410 Right Karamdihi UP School

40m long and 3.5 m high physical barrier shall be constructed followed by plantation

7. 98+570 100+490 Left School Plantation in front of the school 8. 102+900 104+840 Right ITMA school 35 m long and 3.5 m high physical barrier

shall be provided followed by plantation 9. 102+980 104+920 Left ITMA College 70 m long and 3.5 m high physical barrier

shall be provided followed by plantation 10. 109+550 111+500 Left School Only trees to be planted for 65 m length

before the school 11. 110+200 112+150 Right Upper Primary

School Only trees to be planted for 50 m length before the school

12. 112+075 114+025 Left P S College Only trees to be planted for 50 m length before the college

13. 118+260 120+210 Right School 50 m long and 3.5 m high physical barrier shall be provided.

14. 122+610 124+560 Left School 40 m long and 3.5 m high physical barrier to be provided

15. 123+940 125+890 Left School Boundary wall be compensated 16 132+900 134+850 Left Girls School Only plantation suggested 17. 135+110 137+060 Right College Plantation suggested before the college for a

length of 350 m 18. 136+120 138+070 Left School 60% of the school structure affected. RAP to

be followed

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Sl No

Design Ch km (km)

Ex ch (km)

Direction Type of Property Mitigation / Enhancement Measures suggested

19. 145+300 147+250 Right Dalmia Institute of Sc and Indl Research

Tree plantation suggested for 100 m before the institute

20. 151+400 153+350 Left Bimladevi High School

Only tree plantation suggested for 100 m before the school

21. 156+600 158+550 Right Purushottam Institute of Eng & Tech

Tree plantation suggested before the school for 150 m along the road.

7.3.9 Construction waste disposal

The Concessionaire shall either reuse or dispose the waste generated during construction depending upon the nature of waste, as specified in Table 7-4. The reuse of waste shall be carried out by the Concessionaire only after carrying out the specific tests and ascertaining the quality of the waste materials used, and getting the same approved by the IE/PIU. Wastes that were not reused shall be disposed off safely by the Concessionaire.

The Concessionaire shall adopt the following precautions while disposing wastes for construction: • In case of bituminous wastes, dumping will be carried out over a 60 mm thick layer of rammed clay so

as to eliminate any chances of leaching.

• In case of filling of low-lying areas with wastes, it needs to be ensured that the level matches with the surrounding areas. In this case care should be taken that these low lying areas are not used for rainwater storage

• In case oil and grease are trapped for reuse in a lined pit, care shall be taken to ensure that the pit should be located at the lowest end of the site.

The waste management practices adopted by the Concessionaire, including the management of wastes at construction camps etc shall be reviewed by the IE and the PIU, OWD during the progress of construction.

After decommissioning of construction sites, the Concessionaire shall clear the site of all debris/wastes. The site shall be inspected by the PIU. In case of disposal of wastes on private land, certificate of Completion of Reclamation is to be obtained by the Concessionaire from the landowner that “the land is restored to his satisfaction”

Table 7-4: Type of wastes and scope for reuse S. No Activity Type of waste Scope for possible reuse Disposal of

waste Construction wastes

1 Site Clearance and grubbing

Vegetative cover and top soil Vegetating embankment slopes

Unsuitable material in embankment foundation

Embankment Fill

Low lying areas Land fill sites

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S. No Activity Type of waste Scope for possible reuse Disposal of

waste 2 Earthworks

i Overburden of borrow areas Vegetative cover and soil Vegetating embankment

slopes

ii Overburden of quarries Vegetative cover and soil Vegetating embankment

slopes

Granular material Embankment Fill, Pitching

iii Accidental spillages during handling Dust

iv Embankment construction Soil and Granular Material Embankment Fill

v Construction of earthen drains Soil Embankment Fill

3 Concrete structures

i Storage of materials Dust, Cement, Sand, Constructing temporary

structure, embankment fill

Metal Scrap Scrap Yard ii Handling of materials Dust

iii Residual wastes

Organic matter Manure, Revegetation

Cement, sand Constructing temporary structure, embankment fill

Metal scrap Diversion sign, Guard Rail 4 Reconstruction works

i Dismantling of existing pavement

Bitumen Mix, granular material Sub-base

Concrete Road sub-base, reuse in concrete, fill material and as rip rap on roads

Guard rail sign post, guard stone Reuse for same

ii Dismantling of cross drainage structures

Granular material & bricks Constructing temporary structure, embankment fill

Metal scrap Diversion sign, Guard Rail Pipes Culvert

5 Decommissioning of sites

i Dismantling of temporary structures Granular material and bricks Constructing temporary

structure, embankment fill

6 Hill Roads

i) Hill cutting Vegetative cover Vegetating embankment

slopes

Soil & granular material Embankment Fill

ii) Clearance of slides Vegetative cover Vegetating embankment

slopes

Soil & granular material Embankment Fill 7 Maintenance operations i Desilting of side drains Organic matter and soil Revegetation II Oil and fluids

1 Construction machinery – maintenance and refueling

Oil and Grease Incineration, Cooking, Illumination

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S. No Activity Type of waste Scope for possible reuse Disposal of

waste 2 Bituminous works i Storage Bitumen Low Grade Bitumen Mix

ii Mixing and handling Bitumen Low Grade Bitumen Mix

Bitumen Mix Sub-base, Paving access & cross roads

iii Rejected bituminous mix Bitumen Mix Sub-base, Paving access & cross roads

III Domestic wastes

1 Construction camps Organic waste, Manure Plastic and metal scrap Scrap Yard Domestic effluent Irrigation

7.3.10 Precautionary measures in forest stretches

For stretches of the corridor passing through the Reserve Forests, the Concessionaire shall ensure that the construction activities shall be limited to the proposed RoW, so as to avoid any impacts on the vegetation within the forest areas. No Construction Camp, stockyard or any kind of construction activity shall be carried out in forest areas.

7.3.11 Safety measures • The Concessionaire must educate the workers to

undertake the health and safety precautions

• The Concessionaire shall prepare traffic control plan and drawings containing detailed specifications for diversion, signage as well as location specific traffic detour plan

• Other safety requirements that need to be undertaken are as follows:

- Adequate lighting arrangement

- Adequate drainage system to avoid any stagnation of water

- Lined surface with slope 1:40 and provision of lined pit at the bottom end, at the storage and handling of bitumen and oil as well as at the location of D G set.

- Facilities for provision of first aid

7.4 OPERATION STAGE

Environmental monitoring has been proposed at the operation stage to ensure that the proposed mitigation measures achieve the desired results. The monitoring results will also indicate if further mitigation measures need to be undertaken to address unforeseen environmental impacts.

Educate the workers regarding… (a) Personal safety measures (such as helmet,

footwear, noise mask, ear plug, etc.) and location of safety devices.

(b) Interaction with host community (c) Protection of environment with respect to:

• Trampling of vegetation and cutting of trees for cooking

• Water body protection

• Storage and handling of materials

• Disposal of construction waste

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7.4.1 Drainage provisions

To ensure efficient drainage system and to prevent water logging along the sides, adequate size and number of cross-drainage structures have been provided. All cross-drainage structures have been designed to handle a 50-year peak flood level as per IRC: 5 – 1998 (Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section I), IRC: SP-13 – 1973 (Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts), IRC: 78-2000, (Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges Section VII).

Drainage Plan: While developing the drainage plan natural drainage slope has been adopted. The water has to be guided to follow a definite path such that the stability is not affected. The water collected on the surface of the road and the adjacent ground is taken away by side drains and disposed off into natural watercourses nearby. Roadside drains are also necessary, on a hill road, in the absence of inadequate drainage structures. They should be provided throughout, irrespective of the location. The water generally follows the natural slope and is intercepted by catch water drains. These drains transfer the water either into the chutes, when the embankment height is more than 3m or carries the water directly to the nearby cross-drainage structure.

The drainage plan for the Sambalpur-Rourkela section of SH-10 has been developed after considering the scheme and layout of all drainage features (bridges, box culverts, pipes, storm drainage systems, ditches, channels, etc.) to properly convey surface flow within and adjacent to the project. The plotted storm drainage system profile includes:

• Culvert invert levels

• Utility crossings

• Existing ground level

• Proposed finished road level

Road-side Drain in Rural Areas: In rural areas, open unlined trapezoidal drains with 0.6 m width and 2H: 1V side slope near ROW or having berm not less than 1.0 m have been provided on both sides of the road as per guidelines given IRC SP-42.

Chute Drains at High Embankments: When the height of the embankment is more than 3.0m, the possibility of erosion of embankment slopes and shoulders increases. In such cases longitudinal kerbed drains at edge of roadway, are provided to channelise the flow and is led down by lined chute drains. And these chute drains are ultimately discharged into roadside drains

7-16



E M B A N K M E N T IS M O R E TO C H U TE W H E R E

G O

E N E R G Y D IS S IP A TIO N S O

D IS S IP A TIO N S

P L A N O F GS ID E V IE W O F

S

S E C TIO N O N D R A IN A G E C

S E C TIO N O N C C

F R O N T V IE W

S TO N E P ITC H IN G O N S S O

F R O N T O P L A

S E C TIO N D E TA IL S O F B E L L M O U TH O G

Figure 7-9: Channelised Embankment: Chute Drain

Design system for the project road is designed in accordance with following IRC codes of practices:

• IRC SP-42, 1994:” Guidelines on Road Drainage”

• IRC SP-50, 1999:” Guidelines on Urban Drainage”

During operation inspection (as per IRC SP: 18-1978, Manual for Highway Bridge Maintenance Inspection) and cleaning of drains / culverts must be done as they get choked with silt/debris and growth of vegetative cover over the accumulated debris.

7.4.2 Water harvesting

7.4.2.1 Water harvesting structures

The run off generated from the highway right of way and adjoining areas will be prevented from direct discharge into larger streams and rivers by provision of water harvesting structures. Dual media water harvesting structures have been proposed to act as both water harvesting structures as well to prevent pollution of surface and ground water during accidental spillages.

Rain water harvesting structures have been provided on the road side drains before nalas or rivers. However, a safety distance have been provided between the embankments of the course of the water and rain water harvesting structures so that those structures are not inundated during rainy season. In all 39 structures have been proposed.

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Concrete rings, used for construction of open wells have been used to design the water harvesting structures. These 1 m diameter rings with holes in the side walls will be provided for a depth of about 3.5 m with open bottom for quick infiltration. A silting chamber at the inlet side has been provided to prevent siltation of the recharge strucuture. An outlet has been provided on the other side for spillage of excess water. The proposed structures have a layer of charcoal in them to absorb / adsorb oil and grease from the road runoff. Subsequently alternate layers of aggregates and sand have been proposed. The details design of the rain water harvesting structure is given in Figure 7-10. Appendix 7.1 shows the locations details of rain water harvesting structures.

GL

DETAIL OF DUAL MEDIA WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURESECTION X - X

PLAN

ROAD LEVEL

Figure 7-10: Rain Water Harvesting Structure

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7.4.2.2 Use of local ponds

In addition to the above, ponds located close to the road have been identified. It is suggested to divert the outlets of the longitudinal drains to these ponds or natural depressions so that storm water get collected to those ponds and recharge ground water table. Thus enhance ground water availability of the study area. The locations of such identified ponds are given in Appendix 7.2

Ground water monitoring is to be conducted during construction and operation phase (once in a season excluding monsoon season for 3 years construction period and 2 years operation period) to monitor and control the quality of ground water in these areas.

7.4.3 Retaining walls

A total of 21 ponds are partially impacted due to widening. Location wise mitigation and enhancement measures at such ponds have been presented in Table 7-5.

Table 7-5: Mitigation and enhancement measures for ponds Sl No

Design Ch (km)

Existing Ch (km)

Total Area


Side of the alignment Enhancement/Mitigation Measures

1 7+010 7.060 2197 6.32% Left Retaining wall for length 60 m and plantation on road side

2. 25+900 26+110 1749 7% Left 40 m Retaining wall and plantation 3. 25+900 26+110 1395 4.5% Right 40 m retaining wall and plantation 4. 31+920 32+250 2056 40.2% Right 100 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 5 32+325 - - Left Plantation for safety 6 55+120 Bypass 2916 22% Right 60 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 7 68+410 70+350 1463 22% Right 45 m Retaining wall, deepening and plantation 8. 69+300 71+240 1053 10.1% Right 40 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 9. 70+960 72+890 966 18.63% Right 35 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 10 71+200 73+130 1080 8% Right 50 m retaining wall and plantation

11 72+230 74+160 492 71.1% Right 30 m retaining wall, deepening and extending the area to keep capacity of the pond intact.

12 85+325 87+250 2309 15% Right 70m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 13 86+500 88+430 5424 4.7% Left 70 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 14 88+375 90+300 614 94.2% Left No mitigation measures suggested 15 101+080 103+030 2671 7.7% Right 40 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 16 103+200 105+140 1230 29.2% Left 45 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 17 108+325 110+270 9090 20.3% Left 95 m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 18 108+350 110+295 1525 11.5% Right Slope protection measures suggested

19 123+325 125+275 3315 0.5% Right Plantation slope protection measures suggested for 30 m

20 124+085 126+800 380 30.26% Left Slope protection and deepening 21 125+260 127+210 5000 2.42% Right 75 m retaining wall and Plantation 22 127+640 129+600 3900 13% Right 60m retaining wall, deepening and plantation 23 139+900 141+850 - - Right Plantation is suggested for enhancement 24 144+650 146+600 - - Right Plantation is suggested for enhancement

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7.4.4 Minimization of air pollution

During the operation stage, emissions due to vehicle movement can be effectively reduced if they conform to vehicular emission norms. However, enforcement of such measures and formulation of a regulatory framework for this purpose is beyond the scope of this study.

To assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures air quality monitoring for parameters SPM, RSPM, CO, SO2, NOx, at proposed monitoring sites shall be carried out during the operation phase along the corridor for 2 years with a frequency of once in each season, excluding monsoons.

7.4.5 Noise barriers

Noise barriers have been proposed for noise abatement during operation stage of the project at select sensitive locations (see Figure 7-12). The anticipated noise levels at the chosen 7 locations have been predicted for various years and presented in Table 7-6. The difference in noise levels in the horizon year 2035 with and without the proposed noise barriers is presented in Figure 7-11.

Table 7-6: Predicted Noise Levels at future years with proposed noise barrier Receptor No. 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Location 1 52.81 55.68 55.51 57.61 58.80 60.12 Location 2 57.06 56.73 59.52 62.79 62.64 64.45 Location 3 51.59 55.74 60.36 59.69 61.72 61.27 Location 4 50.59 50.42 54.07 55.53 57.31 57.98 Location 5 53.43 52.34 55.39 58.62 58.97 60.11 Source: Noise modeling results, LASA, 2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Khristo jyotiCollege at

10+810

Karamdihi UP School at

91+410

ITM A H SSchool at104+840

ITM ACollege at104+920

School at120+210

School at124+560

Receptor Locations

Nois

e le

vels

in d

B(A)

BeforemitigationAftermitigationResidentialStandards

Figure 7-11: Comparison of predicted noise levels with and without barriers (2035)

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Figure 7-12: Noise Barrier

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7.4.6 Replacement for removed trees

The general mitigation measure adopted to mitigate loss of trees is compensatory plantation. Accordingly, for each tree cut as part of the project, two trees shall be planted to compensate the loss.

To compensate for the impact of diversion of 12.7 Ha of forests, Net Present Value as per the forest department’s demand note will be deposited by Works Department, Govt. of Orissa. The forest department shall carry out compensatory afforestation of the degraded land double the forestland diverted.

7.4.7 Mitigation for wildlife impacts

As mentioned earlier elephant movement across the corridor has been recorded at km 87+500, km 95+500 and km109+600 (existing Chainage). It has been suggested by the DFO that provision of a flush median and gentle embankment slopes should be adequate to minimize any severance effect. However, it is proposed to undertake further consultations in the Final EIA stage with the local population, truck drivers as well as local forest and wildlife officials to formulate adequate safeguard measures for minimization of such man – animal conflict.

7.4.8 Road user safety measures

Avoidance of planting trees and shrubs at inner curves having access roads so that adequate sight distances are available to the driver. Depending on the speed in that section, a sight distance corresponding to 8 seconds reaction time shall be provided.

All major junctions shall be designed adhering to the standards of adequate sight distances and facilities for the local traffic, parking areas, service roads, pedestrian sidewalks and zebra crossings.

Trees that have been saved and are very close to the pavement shall be marked in white paint or have reflective hazard signage on them to alert the driver.

Guardrails shall be provided close to religious structures adjacent to the corridor so that there is no spillage of activities on the carriageway.

Cattle under passes shall be introduced at places where there is substantial movement of people and cattle across the road with no cross drainage structures. Where cross drainage structures of adequate width and height are present, access roads from underneath shall be enhanced to facilitate movement through them at least during the dry seasons.

7.4.9 Accidents involving hazardous materials

Accidents involving hazardous chemicals will generally be catastrophic to the environment, though the probability of occurrence is low. 'The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) rules, 1989 shall be compiled to minimize the risk of accident involving transportation of

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hazardous material. For delivery of hazardous substances, three certificates issued by transportation department, viz., permit license, driving license and guarding license shall be required. These shall be issued and checked thoroughly. Vehicles delivering hazardous substances will be printed with appropriate signs. In case of spillage, the report to relevant departments will be made and instructions followed in taking up the contingency measures immediately.

CHAPTER 8: ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

8-1

CHAPTER 8: ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT

MEASURES

8.1 INTRODUCTION

In addition to mitigation measures environmental enhancement measures have been incorporated some of which are a part of highway design recommendations. The suggested enhancement measures have been presented in the following paragraphs.

8.2 HIGHWAY RELATED ENHANCEMENT MEASURES

8.2.1 Vehicular / Pedestrian Underpass

There are educational institutions in the form of schools along the project corridor. It is proposed to provide pedestrian underpasses at such locations. While vehicular underpasses are provided wherever industries are in the vicinity, and major roads are crossing/ entering the project corridor, pedestrian underpasses are provided at locations having heavy pedestrian movement. These are provided to ensure free movement of traffic on main carriageway. A total of 16 (sixteen) box culverts have been provided as pedestrian and vehicular underpasses. The details of underpasses are given in the following Table 8-1.

Table 8-1: Details of Proposed Underpasses along the Corridor Sr. No. Chainage Type of Underpass Proposed Size of Underpass (m) Clear Opening Height (m)

1 11075.000 PUP 5 3

2 27545.210 VUP 15 5.5

3 39094.546 VUP 15 5.5

4 62875.000 PUP 5 3

5 71000.000 PUP 5 3

6 73200.000 PUP 5 3

7 81800.000 VUP 15 5.5

8 89750.000 VUP 15 5.5

9 97650.000 PUP 5 3

10 102800.000 PUP 5 3

11 105900.000 PUP 5 3

12 109525.000 PUP 5 3

13 112300.000 PUP 5 3

14 135600.000 PUP 5 3

15 151500.000 PUP 5 3

16 156900.000 PUP 5 3

8-2



8.2.2 Bus Stops

There are existing bus stops along the project corridor. Generally, these stops are associated with a settlement area or an intersection with a cross-road. It is proposed to provide bus bays in both directions at some locations. At locations of service/ slip roads, buses would stop on the slip road. The details of proposed bus bays along the project corridor are given in the following Table 8-2.

Table 8-2: List of Bus Bays along SH-10 S. No. Chainage Side Type

1 8265 LHS Bus bay 2 8440 RHS Bus bay 3 9675 LHS Bus bay 4 9850 RHS Bus bay 5 12490 RHS Bus bay 6 12750 LHS Bus bay 7 46225 LHS Bus bay 8 46642 RHS Bus bay 9 66367 RHS Bus bay

10 66742 LHS Bus bay 11 75937 LHS Bus bay 12 76742 RHS Bus bay 13 92917 LHS Bus bay 14 93092 RHS Bus bay 15 121540 RHS Bus bay 16 121877 LHS Bus bay 17 124092 RHS Bus bay 18 124357 LHS Bus bay 19 131137 RHS Bus bay 20 131802 LHS Bus bay 21 136317 LHS Bus bay 22 136492 RHS Bus bay 23 158542 LHS Bus bay 24 158717 RHS Bus bay

8.2.3 Truck Layby

Truck parking has been observed at locations of industries, petrol pumps, dhabas etc along the project corridor. Truck Laybys shall be provided at the following proposed design chainages:

i) Km 13+500 (Left and Right); ii) Km 69+600 (Left and Right); iii) Km 96+600 (Left and Right); and iv) Km 127+750 (Left and Right).

In addition, service roads have been proposed at the location of Shyam Dry industries and Bhushan Steel Plant would also facilitate parking of trucks, thereby reducing congestion on the main carriageway.

8-3



8.3 ADDITIONAL ENHANCEMENT MEAURES

Apart from the highway related enhancement measures the following enhancement measures have been proposed

8.3.1 Landscaping of rotary intersection

A rotary intersection has been proposed at the existing four-arm intersection at the existing Km 83/ 150, which is equivalent to Design Chainage 81+200. It is proposed to landscape the area within the rotary island with a theme associated with the history of Sundergarh town.

8.3.2 Site enhancement of a temple

It is proposed to undertake enhancement measures at the temple at km 10.338 at Manjhapalli as a significant part of its area is being affected by the project.

8.3.3 Highway Landscaping

Compensatory plantation is being proposed in non forest stretches of the corridor. An amount has been kept aside for planting double the number of trees felled. However due to limited land availability such plantation shall be undertaken in nearby common property resources in consultation with the local people. Median plantation of shrubs too is proposed as a part of the highway landscaping exercise.

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9-1

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN

9.1 INTRODUCTION

The environment Management Plan seeks to suggest mitigation measures to minimize the negative impact on environment. This chapter describes the environment management and mitigation measures suggested for this project.

9.2 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

The project being a Public Private Partnership initiative, the concessionaire is responsible for the implementation of all mitigation and management measures suggested in the EMP. The institutional framework would be similar to the OSRP and its institutional framework would be utilized for this project. OWD would be responsible for an independent consultant to oversee the work and compliance.

9.3 STAGES IN EMP

9.3.1 Pre-Construction Stage

Prior to start of the construction work, the following activities need to be taken by PIU of OWD. The details of actions to be taken along with responsible supervision organization and authority for each activity are presented in Table 9-1:

Table 9-1: Action Plan for Pre-Construction Period Projected related issues Action to be taken Responsible supervising

organization /authority Preparation of land acquisition plan and acquisition of land & structures

Initiate and complete the process for land acquisition

Design Consultant, Concessionaire and PIU of OWD & Revenue Dept

Diversion of Forest Land (Forest Clearance)

The preparation of application Form-A under Forest conservation Act 1980 and allied activity namely SEIA Report to be to be submitted along with application form. NPV to be deposited by OWD to the Forest Dept as per their demand note.

Concessionaire, OWD and Forest Depart, Govt of Orissa.

Implementation of R & R framework

R & R Operation for affected community as per policy provisions

OWD and Revenue Dept

Relocation of Public Utilities Public Utilities need to be shifted as per the utility shifting plan

Concerned Departments, Concessionaire and PIU

Environmental Clearance from MoEF

Submission of Form-1 to MoEF, and follow subsequent actions

Design Consultant, Concessionaire & OWD

Consent to Establish from OSPCB Fill up application form for obtaining Consent to Establish and follow

OSPCB and OWD

9-2



Projected related issues Action to be taken Responsible supervising organization /authority

subsequent actions, if any Tree Cutting For revenue areas: Application is to be

submitted to District Collector and He will forward it to Concerned DFO and joint enumeration shall be conducted by Forest Dept with OWD

Revenue Dept, Forest Dept and OWD

For Forest Areas: Joint enumeration shall be conducted by concerned DFOs after submission of Application for Diversion of Forest Land

Forest Dept and OWD

Borrow Areas, Quarry Areas, Plant sites etc

The location proposed by the Design Consultant is only indicative only. Concessionaire is not bound to follow all those locations. If concessionaire decides to identify new sites. The activity shall fall under the construction stage.

Revenue Dept, Forest Dept etc and OWD

9.3.2 Pre-construction activities by PIU

Prior to the concessionaire mobilization, the PIU will ensure that an encumbrance free CoI is handed over to enable the start of construction. The RoW clearance involves the following activities:

• Acquisition of land and structures

• Clearance of the RoW including removal of trees, and

• Relocation of common property resources impacted, including cultural properties as temples and community assets as hand pumps and other utilities.

• Formal arrangements for maintenance of enhancement sites

9.3.3 Pre-construction activities by Concessionaire

The pre-construction stage involves mobilisation of the concessionaire, the activities undertaken by the concessionaire pertaining to the planning of logistics and site preparation necessary for commencing construction activities. The activities include:

• Field verification of EMP by the Concessionaire

• Procurement of construction equipment / machinery such as crushers, hot mix plants, batching plants and other construction equipment and machinery.

• Identification and selection of material sources (quarry and borrow material, water, sand etc).

• Selection, design and layout of construction areas, hot mix and batching plants, labour camps etc

• Planning traffic diversions and detours, including arrangements for temporary land acquisition.

9-3



9.3.4 Construction Stage

9.3.4.1 Construction Stage activities by Concessionaire

Construction stage is the most crucial stage in terms of activities that require careful management to avoid environmental impacts. Activities that trigger the need for environmental measures to be followed include:

• Imbibing environmental principles at all stages of construction as good engineering practices.

• Implementation of site-specific mitigation/management measures suggested

• Monitoring the quality of environment along the construction sites (as air, noise, water, soil) and

• Enhancement designs at specific locations suggested.

There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the Engineering Costs. They include improvement of roadside drainage, provision of additional cross drainage structures or raising of road height in flood prone stretches, provision of cattle crossings and reconstruction and improvement of bunds of the affected water bodies.

9.3.4.2 Construction Stage Activities by PIU

The construction stage involves the following activities by PIU:

• Tree plantation along project corridors and bypasses and landscaping along junctions by the concessionaire.

• Monitoring of environmental conditions through approved monitoring agency

9.3.5 Operation Stage

Operation stage actives are to be carried out by the Environmental Cell. The activities involved are as follows;

• Monitoring of operational performance of the various mitigation/enhancement measures carried out as part of the project.

9.3.6 Other Activities • Orientation of Implementation agency staff towards project specific issues of EMP implementation

Conducting additional studies for issues identified during any stage of project preparation/ implementation

A description of the various management measures during various stages of the project is provided in the Appendix 9.1.

CHAPTER 10: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

10-1

CHAPTER 10: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

10.1 INTRODUCTION

The OWD is responsible for supervision of all the mitigation and management measure suggested in the EMP. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) of OWD has already formed an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) to look after and supervise the environmental issues of the present road improvement work of Orissa State Road Project. This unit is gradually expected to look after the environmental issues of all the activities of OWD. The objectives of EMU are to:

• Ensure the EMAP recommendations are implemented effectively

• Obtain clearances/Consents/approvals/Authorizations required from the various statutory authorities

• Develop and strengthen OWD’s environmental capabilities in highway design and maintenance

• Institutional arrangements to supervise and monitor the implementation of EMP

Hence, it is anticipated that the OWD will be able to satisfactorily ensure implementation of the proposed environmental safeguard measures of the EMP.

10.2 SUGGESTED INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Institutional framework suggested for this project is presented in Figure 10-1.

Orissa Works Department (OWD)

Regulatory Agencies (SPCB, SEIAA, DoEF,

MoEF, CPCB etc.)

OWD, THE PRESENT PROJECT

EMU

Environmental Vision

Environmental Strategies

PCC EMAP Independent Consultant

Design Concessionaire

Figure 10-1: Environmental management monitoring program (EMMP)

The EMMP for this project would be in concurrence with the Orissa State Road project. Environmental Management Monitoring Program (EMMP) has been developed in the present project to provide information about key environmental aspects of the project, particularly the

10-2



environmental impacts of the project and the effectiveness of mitigation measures and to meet the legal responsibilities. Monitoring will be done at two levels:

• Monitoring of the components of environment, and

• Supervision and monitoring of EMAP implementation.

The independent consultant conducting the monitoring will submit its report to EMU. EMU shall keep a record of all information and shall suggest suitable measures to be adopted by concessionaire if any aspect is found to be deviating from the anticipated values/standards. Monitoring shall be carried out during construction and operation phase.

In cases of specific requirement as would be desired by the statutory authority on account of extraneous reasons additional studies at specific locations may be under taken, evaluated and recorded for future reference.

10.3 SUPERVISION & MONITORING OF IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITY ON EMP (CONCESSIONAIRE’S SELF AUDIT)

The Concessionaire will be responsible for conducting its activities in accordance with the contract documents and the EMAP, and for undertaking self-assessment audits to determine such compliance. Self assessment audits should be conducted by the Concessionaire at regular intervals and should comprise of the following:

Air Quality • Dust impacts (Direct observation and indirect assessment by checking of surrounding vegetation for

dust layer)

• Exhaust emissions from vehicles and machinery

• Availability of tankers carrying waters with sprinkling, mist spray equipments deployed in the field of activity.

Landscaping • Site enhancement at strategic locations of water body, historical, cultural and religious nature.

• Comments regarding implementation of landscaping requirements.

Management of erosion and sedimentation • Protection of soil stockpiles

• Rehabilitation of degraded embankment and cut slopes together with ditches and borrow area.

• Available capacity and effectiveness of sediment collection devices

• Water quality discharge from waters harvesting structures and watercourses impacted by construction activity.

• Water quality of receiving waters

• Storage capacity of ponds, irrigation tanks and water harvesting structures with suitable provision for discharge of surplus water to safe guards the road embankment etc.

• Any other factor as mentioned in contract specification

10-3



Noise • Acceptability of noise emissions

• Deferred working hours to reduce the impact.

Flora and Fauna • Scheduling of construction activity so as to provide escape and movement corridor for wildlife.

• Avoiding disturbance to areas outside construction zone.

• Proper implementation of wildlife underpass construction design with signage and corridor plantation for movement.

• Discipline the work force and prevent illicit felling, logging, collection of fire wood and specimens from the forest and protected areas obstruction to wildlife migration routes, poaching /hunting /snaring /fishing /baiting wildlife, trading and collection of wildlife trophy and body parts.

Water Pollution • Effectiveness of safeguards taken for maintaining water quality standards.

• Functioning and effectiveness of sewage treatments, oil and grease trap, and solid waste management measures in construction camps and construction sites.

Public Utility • Effective relocation of public utilities replaced from the RoW to reduce distress through stop gap

arrangements during shifting the facilities.

• Monitor and ensure proper sealing of potable water sources at abandoned wells, bore wells, over head tanks, stand posts, for preventing pollution of the scarce resources together with testing of the water quality and its suitability for human consumption.

Statutory Responsibilities • Compliance with all specific conditions of permits and clearances issued by the State Govt. and the

GoI.

These major self-audits are to identify any further remedial measures or actions required in compliance with contract specifications and EMAP.

The concessionaire’s capacity to quantitatively monitor the surface water quality, particularly water sediments/turbidly (by suitable portable test equipment or kits) and noise is always advantageous, but monitoring will primarily involve ensuring that actions taken are in accordance with contract specifications and specified mitigation measures. Some awareness training will be provided to the concessionaire’s personnel by the independent Consultant to ensure this occurs effectively.

Site Supervision

Strict supervision of road construction activities is required prior to, during and following construction to ensure that the structures are constructed in accordance with the approved

10-4



designs and that environmental impacts are mitigated in accordance with the EMAP. This would be done by an independent consultant.

10.4 STANDARD SYSTEM OF SITE INSPECTIONS, REPORTING AND APPROVAL

The independent Consultant shall undertake the following site inspections, in conjunction with the Concessionaire where specified, to assist in site planning, to oversee construction and to certify (where necessary) the completed works and controls for payment.

10.4.1 Pre-Construction Stage

The Independent Consultant and Concessionaire shall undertake two pre-construction inspections of each corridor and all ancillary sites.

Pre-construction Inspection 1 – the initial inspection shall involve a site review of 1,000 m of the pegged centerline of the alignment and any identified ancillary sites required by the Concessionaire. It will serve to:

• Identify site-specific construction or environmental problems;

• Identify borrow pits and quarry sites

• Identify services that are required to be reinstated;

• Identify fill disposal sites;

• Identify sources of rock for slope protection and stone pitching;

• Identity workforce camp sites; and

• Plan the phasing of construction along the project corridor

Prior to this inspection, the Independent Consultant shall survey and clearly peg the centerline. During the inspection the Independent Consultant and Concessionaire shall discuss and agree upon the factors listed above, including the services that are to be reinstated and acceptable.

The Independent Consultant shall document the type and location of all services that are to be temporarily reconnected and reinstated by the Concessionaire, and provide a copy of this to the Concessionaire.

Pre-construction Inspection 2 – the second inspection shall occur after the Independent Consultant has surveyed and pegged the crest and toe of all banks, retaining wall sites and drains, and the Concessionaire has pegged all fill disposal areas and other ancillary sites. This shall occur along at least 1000 m of the previously inspected section of alignment.

The Independent Consultant shall review the sites pegged by the Concessionaire and approve them for construction where appropriate, or request the Concessionaire to re-peg sites.

Follow-up Inspection – any specific sites that require re-pegging shall be inspected by the Independent Consultant and Concessionaire. The Independent Consultant shall approve these sites or request the Concessionaire to re-peg as necessary.

10-5



10.4.2 Construction Stage

The Independent Consultant shall undertake daily, weekly and monthly supervision and inspections of road works during the period of construction, and monthly inspections of ancillary sites during their period of use. If any activities are not being undertaken in accordance with the contract or EMAP conditions, the Concessionaire shall be verbally requested by the Independent Consultant to rectify the situation.

10.5 MONITORING AND SUPERVISION BY EMU

The Environmental Management Unit (EMU) of the OWD will be responsible for environmental management monitoring including site inspection following project hand-over. The EMU shall undertake a 6-monthly inspection of each road formation and related features over the initial 3 years following completion of road improvement works. Factors requiring ongoing inspection/visual assessment/monitoring/ compliance checking by the EMU of the OWD during the operational phase of the project will include the following:

Landscaping: Ongoing monitoring of landscape treatment as per the EMAP

Road batters: Cut and fill stability, success of re-vegetation

Drains and drainage lines: Drain stability, drainage line erosion

Erosion and sedimentation: Periodic review of rehabilitation areas such as borrow pits, quarry sites and drainage system to ensure long term stability of previously disturbed land surfaces and proper maintenance and upkeep of drainage system

Ambient noise levels: During project operation, should traffic flows significantly greater than predicted levels (thereby increasing associated noise levels), noise measurements should be made at representative locations to confirm compliance with CPCB’s ambient noise standards. Noise mitigation measures may subsequently be required to be adopted;

Ambient air quality: Conduct ambient air quality monitoring as per Environmental Monitoring Program. Should the concentrations of ambient air quality along the project corridor deteriorate beyond the baseline ambient air quality, enforce policy decisions such as vehicle emissions standards, phasing out vehicles older than 15 years, introducing lead free gasoline etc. for bringing down the emission levels.

Road safety measures: Maintenance of wayside amenities, noise barriers created at sensitive receptors of noise. Prevention of road side squatter development. Prevention of dumping up of recyclable and non recyclable wastes generated from construction activity along the road side.

Flora: Review the restoration of vegetative cover along rivers, nalas, streams, water bodies, degraded waste lands and forests, road avenues and wildlife underpass corridor plantations, site enhancement plantations beyond RoW for reduction of noise and air pollution as well as soil and

10-6



water conservation activities for monitoring progress and corrective actions to be taken as appropriate, for the habitat development.

Fauna: Monitoring of the construction wildlife underpasses as per the standard designs along the development of the movement corridor approaches at culverts and bridges besides viaduct and trap drains so as to suggest and implement any modification additions as would be required under expert opinion to suit the field conditions.

Data should also be compiled regarding mortality rates for other smaller creatures, which cross the road for food and water.

The relevant performance indicators are:

Road batters - no landslides • No significant rill or sheet erosion;

• Planted vegetation survival greater than 90% after one year.

Gabions/ wing walls • no damage to walls from landslides or traffic;

• no significant wall movement/slumpage.

Drains • drainage along the road surface no greater than 200 m;

• side drains intact;

• no significant gully erosion/undermining at drain outlets;

• pipe culverts in place.

Re-vegetation/Plantation • The desired species have been planted as per the specifications and maintenance schedule. No. of

trees survival after 6 months, 1st year, 1.5 year & 2nd year.

Erosion and Sedimentation • Periodic review of rehabilitated areas and drainage systems to ensure long term stability of previously

disturbed surfaces and associated drainage channels.

• Physical environmental attributes such as noise, air and water quality will be monitored as per the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

The Environmental Monitoring Unit (EMU) following each inspection shall complete a standard report covering the above features. This report shall be submitted to the relevant Executive Engineer of the concerned OWD Division and to the OWD within two weeks of the inspection.

CHAPTER 11: COSTS FOR MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES

11-1

CHAPTER 11: COSTS FOR MITIGATION AND

MANAGEMENT MEASURES

The costs for mitigation and management measures have been estimated for inclusion into the Economic Analysis. These costs along with the social costs have to be incurred by the implementing agency to dovetail environmental and social safeguard measures into the proposed project. The environmental cost estimates are presented in Table 11-1.

Table 11-1: Environmental cost estimates Sl

No. Activity Unit Unit Cost

(Rs.) Quantity Amount

(Rs.) Remarks

1 Environmental Monitoring* 1a Air quality Monitoring* No. 8000 120 960,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates 1b Noise Monitoring* No. 2000 120 240,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates 1c Water Quality Monitoring* No. 8000 120 960,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates 1d Soil Quality Monitoring* No. 4000 60 240,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates 2 Environmental Protection and Enhancement

2a Noise barrier m 5000 333 1,665,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates 2b Landscaping (Rotary

Junction at design ch km 81+200)

Lump sum

200000 1 200,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates

2c Silt fencing m 2500 540 1,350,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates 2d Retaining Wall at Ponds m 7000 760 5,320,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates 2e Water Harvesting

Structure No. 20000 39 780,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates

2f Site Enhancement of a temple

Lump sum

150000 1 150,000 Assumed as per prevailing rates

3 Forest Clearance, Plantation and Maintenance 3a Cost for Diversion of

Forest Land Ha 950000 12.7 12,065,000 F.No.5-1/98-FC (Part-II) dated

29th June 2003. The rate Rs 9.5 lac is the rate for Canopy density greater thatn or equal to 0.4. Howerver, the amount will be finally be decided by DFO depending upon the importance of the forest.

3b Compensatory Plantation (two times plantation)

No. 450 18238 8,207,100 Assumed as per prevailing rates

3c Tree Guard Cost No. 800 1824 1,459,200 only 10% of the trees to be planted are considered for tree grard, assuming visinity of the road or settlement etc

4 Cost for Cutting of road side trees 4a Cost of the standing trees

to be cut Unit 2500 4666.99 11,667,475 Cost of standing trees, which

user agency has to deposit to Forest Department. 10% of the

11-2



Sl No.

Activity Unit Unit Cost (Rs.)

Quantity Amount (Rs.)

Remarks

stading trees are considered as Class I, 20% of the trees are considered as Class II, amd 70 trees are consiered as Class III

4b Cost for enumeration of such trees 117,400 Considering 8 persons from the forest department will be engaged for 32 days. Their DA, TA will cost Rs 250/- per day and vehicle hiring charge would be Rs 1200/- each day and require for 32 days, rest money for buying paint etc.

Total Cost 45,381,175 Contingency Cost 10% 4,538,118 Total Cost for Environment Safeguard measures 49,919,293

*Environmental monitoring has been considered for 3 year construction and 2 year operation period, two monitoring stations may be selected in each packages for each parameter with a frequency once in a season excluding monsoon. Further it is assumed that entire project road may be divided into 4 packages.

APPENDICES

1

Appendix 4.1: Wind Speed and Wind Direction of the Study Area Sl Mean

w/s kmph

Wind direction (% no of days wind form) Calm N NE E SE S SW W NW

Hour 08 17:3 08 17:3 08 17:3 08 17:3 08 17:3 08 17:3 08 17:3 08 17:3 08 17:3Jan 2.5 9 9 20 4 5 2 2 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 2 5 59 69 Feb 3.6 12 7 20 5 4 1 4 2 2 3 1 4 1 4 1 7 55 67 Mar 4.2 9 6 16 5 7 1 3 2 5 6 5 8 3 4 2 11 50 57 Apr 5.0 3 4 7 1 5 1 6 4 14 9 15 13 4 5 3 7 43 56 May 6.6 2 4 5 3 4 4 8 7 16 12 23 15 5 6 3 9 34 40 Jun 7.4 2 5 4 6 3 3 6 5 13 10 32 25 10 9 3 5 27 32 Jul 7.1 1 3 5 6 2 3 3 4 15 14 40 28 10 7 2 4 22 31 Aug 6.4 3 3 5 4 3 2 4 4 14 11 37 25 7 7 2 4 25 40 Sep 5.0 3 3 8 4 5 4 6 8 14 8 22 12 5 5 2 4 35 52 Oct 3.3 7 4 17 6 9 5 6 7 7 4 5 3 2 2 2 3 45 66 Nov 2.8 14 9 21 7 6 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 51 71 Dec 2.4 11 7 21 5 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 2 5 57 77

Source: Climatological Tables, IMD

2

Appendix 4.2: Land use pattern along project corridor Chaniage (km)

Side of the Road

Length (km)

Type of Land UseChaniage (km) Side of

the Road

Length (km)

Type of Land Use From To From To

5 6 1 Residential cum

Commercial 5 6 1

Residential cum Commercial

6 7.3 LHS 1.3 Residential 6 6.55 RHS 0.55 Residential cum

Commercial 7.3 8.1 LHS 0.8 Agricultural 6.55 6.9 RHS 0.35 Vacant land 8.1 8.7 LHS 0.6 Residential 6.9 7 RHS 0.1 Agricultural 8.7 9.3 LHS 0.6 Forest 7 7.15 RHS 0.15 Commercial 9.3 10 LHS 0.7 Agricultural 7.15 9.1 RHS 1.95 Agricultural

10 12.1 LHS 2.1 Residential cum

Commercial 9.1 9.6 RHS 0.5 Vacant land

12.1 14.65 LHS 2.55 Agricultural 9.6 9.68 RHS 0.08 Institutional 14.65 14.85 LHS 0.2 Residential 9.63 9.85 RHS 0.22 Vacant land

14.85 16.4 LHS 1.55 Agricultural 9.85 10.3 RHS 0.45 Residential cum

Commercial 16.4 18.1 LHS 1.7 Vacant Land 10.3 11 RHS 0.7 Vacant land 18.1 19.2 LHS 1.1 Agricultural 11 17 RHS 6 Agricultural 19.2 20.4 LHS 1.2 Vacant Land 17 18 RHS 1 Vacant land

20.4 20.9 LHS 0.5 Forest 18 18.35 RHS 0.35 Residential cum

Commercial 20.9 21.3 LHS 0.4 Industrial 18.35 18.5 RHS 0.15 Vacant Land 21.3 22.7 LHS 1.4 Vacant Land 18.5 18.6 RHS 0.1 Institutional 22.7 24.4 LHS 1.7 Commercial 18.6 19.6 RHS 1 Agricultural

24.4 26.7 LHS 2.3 Residential cum

Commercial 19.6 20 RHS 0.4


26.7 27 LHS 0.3 Agricultural 20 21.3 RHS 1.3 Forest 27 27.7 LHS 0.7 Residential 21.3 21.8 RHS 0.5 Vacant Land

27.7 29.1 LHS 1.4 Industrial 21.8 22.3 RHS 0.5 Agricultural 29.1 29.4 LHS 0.3 Wetland 22.3 22.6 RHS 0.3 Commercial 29.4 29.7 LHS 0.3 Vacant Land 22.6 23 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land

29.7 30 LHS 0.3 Agricultural 23 26.4 RHS 3.4 Residential cum

Commercial 30 30.3 LHS 0.3 Vacant Land 26.4 27.4 RHS 1 Agricultural

30.3 30.8 LHS 0.5 Industrial 27.4 29 RHS 1.6 Industrial 30.8 31.15 LHS 0.35 Agricultural 29 29.2 RHS 0.2 Wetland

31.15 31.7 LHS 0.55 Vacant Land 29.2 29.8 RHS 0.6 Vacant Land 31.7 32.35 LHS 0.65 Agricultural 29.8 31.1 RHS 1.3 Agricultural

32.35 33 LHS 0.65 Vacant Land 31.1 31.45 RHS 0.35 Vacant Land 33 33.7 LHS 0.7 Agricultural 31.45 31.65 RHS 0.2 Vagetation

33.7 34.3 LHS 0.6 Vacant Land 31.65 34 RHS 2.35 Vacant Land


Commercial 35 36 RHS 1 Agricultural

34.6 35.5 LHS 0.9 Agricultural 36 37.5 RHS 1.5 Vacant Land 35.5 37.25 LHS 1.75 Forest 37.5 42.8 RHS 5.3 Industrial

37.25 37.8 LHS 0.55 Agricultural 42.8 44.3 RHS 1.5 Agricultural

3

Chaniage (km) Side of

the Road Length

(km) Type of Land Use

Chaniage (km) Side of the

Road

Length (km)


37.8 39 LHS 1.2 Vacant Land 44.3 44.8 RHS 0.5 Vacant Land


Commercial 44.8 46.8 RHS 2 Commercial

40.7 41 LHS 0.3 Vacant Land 46.8 48.7 RHS 1.9 Vacant Land


Commercial 48.7 50 RHS 1.3 Agricultural

41.2 41.4 LHS 0.2 Vacant Land 50 50.65 RHS 0.65 Vacant Land 41.4 41.7 LHS 0.3 Water Body 50.65 52 RHS 1.35 Agricultural 41.7 42 LHS 0.3 Vacant Land 52 54.6 RHS 2.6 Commercial 42 44.6 LHS 2.6 Agricultural 54.6 55 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land

44.6 45.1 LHS 0.5 Vacant Land 56 58.9 RHS 2.9 Residential cum

Commercial 45.1 46.7 LHS 1.6 Commercial 58.9 59.6 RHS 0.7 Agricultural 46.7 47.25 LHS 0.55 Vacant Land 59.6 60 RHS 0.4 Commercial

47.25 47.6 LHS 0.35 Agricultural 60 61.8 RHS 1.8 Vacant Land 47.6 48.7 LHS 1.1 Vacant Land 61.8 62.2 RHS 0.4 Agricultural 48.7 49 LHS 0.3 Agricultural 62.2 62.9 RHS 0.7 Residential 49 50.65 LHS 1.65 Vacant Land 62.9 63.4 RHS 0.5 Vacant Land

50.65 51.6 LHS 0.95 Agricultural 63.4 63.7 RHS 0.3 Residential 51.6 52.3 LHS 0.7 Vacant Land 63.7 64.2 RHS 0.5 Vacant Land 52.3 53.4 LHS 1.1 Residential 64.2 64.4 RHS 0.2 Residential 53.4 53.7 LHS 0.3 Vacant Land 64.4 64.7 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land 53.7 53.8 LHS 0.1 Residential 64.7 64.9 RHS 0.2 Commercial 53.8 54.2 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 64.9 66.1 RHS 1.2 Vacant Land 54.2 55.3 LHS 1.1 Vacant Land 66.1 68.9 RHS 2.8 Agricultural 55.3 56.8 LHS 1.5 Commercial 68.1 70.4 RHS 2.3 Forest 56.8 57.3 LHS 0.5 Vacant Land 70.4 71.7 RHS 1.3 Agricultural 57.3 57.7 LHS 0.4 Commercial 71.7 72.2 RHS 0.5 Forest 57.7 58.3 LHS 0.6 Vacant Land 72.2 73.1 RHS 0.9 Agricultural 58.3 58.7 LHS 0.4 Residential 73.1 73.4 RHS 0.3 Residential 58.7 60.2 LHS 1.5 Vacant Land 73.4 74.1 RHS 0.7 Agricultural 60.2 60.4 LHS 0.2 Agricultural 74.1 74.5 RHS 0.4 Residential 60.4 60.7 LHS 0.3 Commercial 74.5 75 RHS 0.5 Agricultural

60.7 61.1 LHS 0.4 Vacant Land 75 78.3 RHS 3.3 Residential cum

Commercial 61.1 61.65 LHS 0.55 Agricultural 78.3 79.6 RHS 1.3 Agricultural

61.65 62.2 LHS 0.55 Vacant Land 79.6 79.8 RHS 0.2 Residential cum

Commercial


Commercial 79.8 85.5 RHS 5.7 Agricultural


Commercial 62.8 63.4 LHS 0.6 Vacant Land 85.9 86.3 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land


Commercial 86.3 86.6 RHS 0.3


63.7 64 LHS 0.3 Agricultural 86.6 88.8 RHS 2.2 Vacant Land

4


the Road Length



Road

Length (km)


64 64.8 LHS 0.8 Agricultural 88.8 90.55 RHS 1.75 Agricultural

64.8 65 LHS 0.2 Residential 90.55 91.6 RHS 1.05 Residential cum

Commercial 65 65.4 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 91.6 92.8 RHS 1.2 Agricultural

65.4 67 LHS 1.6 Vacant Land 92.8 93.8 RHS 1 Forest 67 67.7 LHS 0.7 Agricultural 93.8 94.9 RHS 1.1 Agricultural

67.7 68.1 LHS 0.4 Vacant Land 94.9 98.2 RHS 3.3 Forest 68.1 68.4 LHS 0.3 Commercial 98.2 98.6 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land 68.4 69.2 LHS 0.8 Vacant Land 98.6 99 RHS 0.4 Agricultural

69.2 70.4 LHS 1.2 Forest 99 99.2 RHS 0.2 Residential cum

Commercial 70.4 70.7 LHS 0.3 Agricultural 99.2 99.4 RHS 0.2 Institutional

70.7 71 LHS 0.3 Commercial 99.4 99.65 RHS 0.25 Residential cum

Commercial 71 71.4 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 99.65 101 RHS 1.35 Agricultural

71.4 72.2 LHS 0.8 Forest 101 102 RHS 1 Forest

72.2 73.2 LHS 1 Residential cum

Commercial 102 102.2 RHS 0.2 Vacant Land

73.2 74.1 LHS 0.9 Vacant Land 102.2 103.2 RHS 1 Agricultural 74.1 74.6 LHS 0.5 Residential 103.2 104.6 RHS 1.4 Forest 74.6 75 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 104.6 106 RHS 1.4 Agricultural 75 75.5 LHS 0.5 Commercial 106 107.5 RHS 1.5 Forest

75.5 76.3 LHS 0.8 Agricultural 107.5 107.8 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land 76.3 76.8 LHS 0.5 Residential 107.8 108 RHS 0.2 Institutional 76.8 77.1 LHS 0.3 Agricultural 108 108.3 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land 77.1 77.5 LHS 0.4 Residential 108.3 109.3 RHS 1 Agricultural 77.5 77.9 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 109.3 109.5 RHS 0.2 Commercial


Commercial 109.5 109.7 RHS 0.2 Vacant Land

78.3 79 LHS 0.7 Vacant Land 109.7 110.3 RHS 0.6 Forest 79 80 LHS 1 Agricultural 110.3 111.5 RHS 1.2 Vacant Land 80 80.25 LHS 0.25 Commercial 111.5 111.9 RHS 0.4 Commercial

80.25 82.4 LHS 2.15 Agricultural 111.9 112.1 RHS 0.2 Residential 82.4 82.4 LHS 0 Commercial 112.1 112.4 RHS 0.3 Institutional 82.4 86.2 LHS 3.8 Agricultural 112.4 112.9 RHS 0.5 Residential 86.2 86.6 LHS 0.4 Commercial 112.9 113 RHS 0.1 Commercial 86.6 87.2 LHS 0.6 Agricultural 113 113.4 RHS 0.4 Institutional

87.2 88.4 LHS 1.2 Vacant Land 113.4 115 RHS 1.6 Residential cum

Commercial 88.4 90.7 LHS 2.3 Agricultural 115 118.1 RHS 3.1 Agricultural


Commercial 118.1 118.4 RHS 0.3 Commercial

92.1 92.6 LHS 0.5 Agricultural 118.4 120 RHS 1.6 Agricultural 92.6 94 LHS 1.4 Forest 120 120.1 RHS 0.1 Residential 94 94.9 LHS 0.9 Agricultural 120.1 120.3 RHS 0.2 Institutional

94.9 98.3 LHS 3.4 Forest 120.3 120.7 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land

5


the Road Length



Road

Length (km)


98.3 98.8 LHS 0.5 Agricultural 120.7 121 RHS 0.3 Agricultural 98.8 99.1 LHS 0.3 Other 121 121.1 RHS 0.1 Residential 99.1 99.3 LHS 0.2 Commercial 121.1 121.3 RHS 0.2 Agricultural 99.3 100.4 LHS 1.1 Agricultural 121.3 121.65 RHS 0.35 Vacant Land

100.4 100.6 LHS 0.2 Institutional 121.7 123 RHS 1.35 Agricultural 100.6 100.8 LHS 0.2 Vacant Land 123 123.4 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land 100.8 102 LHS 1.2 Forest 123.4 124 RHS 0.6 Industrial 102 102.4 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 124 124.5 RHS 0.5 Agricultural

102.4 104.65 LHS 2.25 Forest 124.5 124.65 RHS 0.15 Commercial 104.7 105 LHS 0.35 Institutional 124.7 125 RHS 0.35 Agricultural 105 105.2 LHS 0.2 Commercial 125 125.35 RHS 0.35 Vacant Land

105.2 105.85 LHS 0.65 Vacant Land 125.4 125.8 RHS 0.45 Forest 105.9 106.1 LHS 0.25 Agricultural 125.8 125.9 RHS 0.1 Commercial 106.1 107.5 LHS 1.4 Forest 125.9 126.3 RHS 0.4 Agricultural 107.5 109.6 LHS 2.1 Agricultural 126.3 126.6 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land



109.6 111.4 LHS 1.8 Agricultural 127.1 127.15 RHS 0.1 Commercial 111.4 111.6 LHS 0.2 Institutional 127.2 127.8 RHS 0.65 Agricultural 111.6 111.8 LHS 0.2 Agricultural 127.8 128.2 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land



115.3 115.6 LHS 0.3 Forest 128.8 129.1 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land 115.6 123.5 LHS 7.9 Agricultural 129.1 130.7 RHS 1.6 Agricultural

123.5 123.5 LHS 0 Residential cum

Commercial 130.7 131.1 RHS 0.4 Commercial

123.5 124.5 LHS 1 Agricultural 131.1 134.4 RHS 3.3 Agricultural


Commercial 134.4 135.2 RHS 0.8 Residential

124.7 125.8 LHS 1.1 Vacant Land 135.2 135.6 RHS 0.4 Agricultural 125.8 125.95 LHS 0.15 Commercial 135.6 135.9 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land 126 126 LHS 0.05 Institutional 135.9 136.8 RHS 0.9 Agricultural

124.8 124.9 LHS 0.1 Graveyard 136.8 137 RHS 0.2 Forest 126 126.4 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 137 137.25 RHS 0.25 Vacant Land

126.4 126.6 LHS 0.2 Graveyard 137.3 137.5 RHS 0.25 Institutional 126.6 127.65 LHS 1.05 Agricultural 137.5 137.9 RHS 0.4 Vacant Land 127.7 128 LHS 0.35 Industrial 137.9 138 RHS 0.1 Residential 128 128.3 LHS 0.3 Agricultural 138 138.1 RHS 0.1 Residential

128.3 129 LHS 0.7 Vacant Land 138.1 138.7 RHS 0.6 Agricultural 129 130.7 LHS 1.7 Agricultural 138.7 139.7 RHS 1 Agricultural

130.7 131.1 LHS 0.4 Commercial 139.7 139.8 RHS 0.1 Commercial 131.1 132.3 LHS 1.2 Agricultural 139.8 140.1 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land 132.3 133 LHS 0.7 Vacant Land 140.1 140.2 RHS 0.1 Commercial 133 133.2 LHS 0.2 Commercial 140.2 141 RHS 0.8 Agricultural

133.2 134.7 LHS 1.5 Agricultural 141 141.4 RHS 0.4 Residential cum

Commercial

6


the Road Length



Road

Length (km)


134.7 134.8 LHS 0.1 Institutional 141.4 142.2 RHS 0.8 Agricultural


Commercial 135.5 136.65 LHS 1.2 Forest 142.6 143 RHS 0.4 Agricultural 136.7 137.65 LHS 1 Vacant Land 143 144.2 RHS 1.2 Vacant Land 137.7 139 LHS 1.35 Vacant Land 144.2 145.3 RHS 1.1 Commercial 139 139.4 LHS 0.4 Agricultural 145.3 145.9 RHS 0.6 Vacant Land

139.4 139.65 LHS 0.25 Vacant Land 145.9 146.3 RHS 0.4 Commercial 139.7 139.8 LHS 0.15 Agricultural 146.3 147 RHS 0.7 Vacant Land 139.8 141 LHS 1.2 Agricultural 147 147.9 RHS 0.9 Institutional 141 141.45 LHS 0.45 Commercial 147.9 149.35 RHS 1.45 Agricultural

141.5 143.9 LHS 2.45 Agricultural 149.4 150 RHS 0.65 Residential


Commercial 150 150.2 RHS 0.2 Agricultural

144.2 145 LHS 0.8 Vacant Land 150.2 150.5 RHS 0.3 Vacant Land 145 145.9 LHS 0.9 Commercial 150.5 150.65 RHS 0.15 Commercial

145.9 146.9 LHS 1 Vacant Land 150.7 151.1 RHS 0.45 Agricultural 146.9 147.7 LHS 0.8 Agricultural 151.1 151.8 RHS 0.7 Commercial 147.7 147.85 LHS 0.15 Commercial 151.8 152.9 RHS 1.1 Agricultural 147.9 152.3 LHS 4.45 Agricultural 152.9 153 RHS 0.1 Residential 152.3 152.5 LHS 0.2 Vacant Land 153 153.15 RHS 0.15 Agricultural 152.5 153 LHS 0.5 Agricultural 153.2 153.8 RHS 0.65 Commercial 153 153.4 LHS 0.4 Commercial 153.8 154.2 RHS 0.4 Agricultural

153.4 153.85 LHS 0.45 Agricultural 154.2 155 RHS 0.8 Residential cum

Commercial 153.9 154.3 LHS 0.45 Vacant Land 155 156 RHS 1 Vacant Land 154.3 154.6 LHS 0.3 Commercial 156 156.6 RHS 0.6 Vagetation 154.6 154.85 LHS 0.25 Agricultural 156.6 156.8 RHS 0.2 Commercial 154.9 155.45 LHS 0.6 Commercial 156.8 158.3 RHS 1.5 Agricultural 155.5 156.4 LHS 0.95 Vacant Land 158.3 158.65 RHS 0.35 Vacant Land 156.4 157 LHS 0.6 Agricultural 158.7 158.8 RHS 0.15 Industrial 157 157.06 LHS 0.06 Graveyard 158.8 158.9 RHS 0.1 Institutional

157.1 158.3 LHS 1.24 Agricultural 158.9 159.25 RHS 0.35 Vacant Land

158.3 160 LHS 1.7 Commercial 159.3 160 RHS 0.75 Residential cum

Commercial 160 160.25 LHS 0.25 Vacant Land 160 160.3 RHS 0.3 Agricultural

160.3 161 LHS 0.75 Commercial 160.3 160.7 RHS 0.4 Residential cum

Commercial 161 161.25 LHS 0.25 Agricultural 160.7 161 RHS 0.3 Agricultural

161.25 162.18 LHS 0.93 Vacant Land 161 161.2 RHS 0.2 Agricultural

162.2 162.5 LHS 0.32 Commercial 161.2 163 RHS 1.8 Residential cum

Commercial 162.5 163.1 LHS 0.6 Residential 163 164.6 RHS 1.6 Residential 163.1 163.25 LHS 0.15 Agricultural 164.6 165.2 RHS 0.6 Commercial 163.3 164.35 LHS 1.1 Residential 165.2 166 RHS 0.8 Agricultural 164.4 164.7 LHS 0.35 Commercial 166 167.7 RHS 1.7 Commercial

7


the Road Length



Road

Length (km)


164.7 165 LHS 0.3 Vacant Land 165 165.5 LHS 0.5 Agricultural

165.5 166 LHS 0.5 Residential cum

Commercial

166 167.7 LHS 1.7 Commercial

8

Appendix 6.1: Predicted Pollution levels at Various Receptors

Predicted SPM Concentrations along the Project Corridor

Sl No Chainage (km) Receptor Description Side of

road Predicted Concentration of SPM in μg/m3 /hr

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 1 5+550 School LHS 133.7 156.1 169.2 192 202.4 235.3 2 10+700 College LHS 101.8 114.2 137.5 164.7 182.1 207.2 3 66+300 School LHS 95.2 106.2 127 152.4 175.2 198.8 4 66+300 School RHS 92 103 116.1 140.9 167.6 196.1 5 75+100 School RHS 108.3 117.6 135.1 158.5 183.7 202 6 78+300 Eng. College RHS 113.4 141 147.2 182.8 198.5 227.3 7 86+100 Ashram LHS 97.5 115.7 141.2 172.1 182.7 209.4 8 91+100 School LHS 102 127 135.1 173.5 192.2 221.6 9 91+400 School RHS 124.2 138 158 185 202.5 235

10 104+800 School RHS 92.5 108 132.8 152 176.8 195 11 104+900 College LHS 95.1 111.2 130 149 180 202 12 108+000 School RHS 117.2 137.7 158.5 183.2 197.5 223 13 109+150 School LHS 103.2 117.1 142.7 163.4 172 192 14 112+100 School RHS 127.7 139.2 158 181.1 197 228 15 156+100 IIPM RHS 110.2 123.1 147.4 168 187.3 212.7 16 164+400 School RHS 135.5 147.1 178.8 196.7 224.2 252

Predicted CO Concentrations along the Project Corridor Sl No

Chainage (km) Receptor Description Side Predicted Concentration of CO in μg/m3

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 1 5+550 School LHS 688.3 802.8 1031.8 1260.8 1604.4 1947.9 2 10+700 College LHS 459.3 459.3 688.3 802.8 917.3 1146.3 3 66+300 School LHS 459.3 573.8 688.3 802.8 1031.8 1146.3 4 66+300 School RHS 573.8 688.3 917.3 1031.8 1260.8 1604.4 5 75+100 School RHS 344.8 459.3 573.8 688.3 802.8 917.3 6 78+300 Eng. College RHS 344.8 459.3 459.3 573.8 688.3 802.8 7 86+100 Ashram LHS 230.3 344.8 344.8 459.3 573.8 802.8 8 91+100 School LHS 230.3 344.8 459.3 573.8 688.3 802.8 9 91+400 School RHS 459.3 573.8 802.8 1031.8 1260.8 1604.4 10 104+800 School RHS 344.8 459.3 573.8 688.3 917.3 1146.3 11 104+900 College LHS 230.3 344.8 344.8 549.3 688.3 802.8 12 108+000 School RHS 459.3 573.8 802.8 1031.8 688.3 802.8 13 109+150 School LHS 344.8 344.8 459.3 688.3 802.8 1031.8 14 112+100 School RHS 344.8 344.8 459.3 688.3 802.8 802.8 15 156+100 IIPM RHS 344.8 459.3 573.8 688.3 802.8 1031.8 16 164+400 School RHS 459.3 459.3 688.3 802.8 1031.8 1260.8

Predicted NOx Concentrations along the Project Corridor

Sl No Chainage (km) Receptor Description Side Predicted Concentration of NO in μg/m3 /hr

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 1 5+550 School LHS BDL 19.93 19.93 19.93 39.76 57.58 2 10+700 College LHS BDL 19.93 19.93 19.93 39.76 57.58 3 66+300 School LHS 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 76.40 76.40

9

Sl No Chainage (km) Receptor Description Side Predicted Concentration of NO in μg/m3 /hr

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 4 66+300 School RHS 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 76.40 76.40 5 75+100 School RHS 38.7631 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 76.40 6. 78+300 Eng. College RHS 19.93 19.93 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 7. 86+100 Ashram LHS 19.93 19.93 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 8. 91+100 School LHS 19.93 19.93 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 9. 91+400 School RHS 19.93 19.93 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 10. 104+800 School RHS 19.93 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 76.40 11. 104+900 College LHS 19.93 38.76 38.76 57.58 57.58 76.40 12. 108+000 School RHS 19.93 19.93 19.93 38.76 57.58 57.58 13. 109+150 School LHS BDL 19.93 19.93 19.93 38.76 38.76 14. 112+100 School RHS 19.93 19.93 38.76 38.76 38.76 57.58 15. 156+100 IIPM RHS 38.7631 38.76 57.58 57.58 76.40 76.40 16. 164+400 School RHS 38.7631 38.76 57.583 57.583 76.40 76.40

10

Appendix- 7-1-: Location details of Rainwater Harvesting Structures Sl No Design Ch (km) Existing Ch (km) Side of the Road Remarks

1 7+090 7+150 Right 30-50 m away after the structure (8/1)

2 11+450 11+510 Left 70 m before the structure no (12/1)

3 11+625 11+685 Right 70m after the structure (12/1)

4 15+360 15+380 Right 60m after the structure (16/3)

5 21+050 21+110 Left after the sturcture (22/1)

6 23+075 Bypass Right 70m away from the structure

7 28+825 27+125 Left about 70 m before the structure (30/2)

8 28+975 27+275 Right about 70 m after the bridge (30/2)

9 31+725 32+030 left 90m before the structure (33/1)

10 34+370 34+675 Right 70 m after the structure (35/2)

11 41+000 41+325 Left 140 m before the structure

12 41+480 41+805 Right 100 m after the sturcture

13 50+840 51+170 Right 80 m after the structure

14 56+800 Bypass Left 70m after the structure

15 57+980 Bypass Right 50 M after the structure

16 65+180 67+110 Right about 120 m after the structure


18 77+640 79+570 Left 70 m after the structure (80/2)


20 85+050 86+980 Left 60m before the structure (88/1)


22 106+420 108+330 Left 70m after the structure (109/1)

23 114+900 116+850 Left 120 m before the structure (118/1)



26 119+700 121+650 Left 50m before the sturcture (122/2))




30 142+275 144+205 Left 100 m before the sturecture (146/1)


32 143+100 145+030 Right 50m before the sturcture (146/1)

33 152+150 154+100 Left 100 m before the bridge (155/1)

34 156+160 158+120 Left 120 m before the structure (159/2)


36 163+100 165+070 Left 250 before the structure (166/2)

37 163+200 165+170 Right 150 m before the structure (166/2)

38 163+450 165+070 Left 150 after the structure (166/2)

39 163+550 165+070 Right 250 after the structure (166/2)

11

Appendix 7-2: Location of the Ponds and Natural Depressions along project corridor

Sl No Design Ch (km)

Existing Ch (km)

Side of the Road

Pond/ Depression Descriptions

1 7+000 6+060 Left Pond Pond beside road 2 10+740 10+800 Right Pond Pond beside road 3 10+660 10+720 Left Depression depression near PRoW 4 12+700 12+760 Left Pond Pond 110 away from the edge of existing road. 5 12+930 12+990 Right Pond Pond 34m away from the edge of the existing road 6 13+050 13+110 Left Nala Nala about 40 m away from the edge of existing road7 14+600 14+660 Left Pond Pond 32 m away from the edge of the existing road 8 15+550 15+610 Left Pond Pond 80 m away from the road

9 16+800 16+860 Left Depression Depression 140 m away from the edge of existing road

10 17+100 17+160 Right Pond pond 100 m away from the existing road 11 17+850 17+910 Left Pond Pond 110 m away from the edge of existing road 12 19+340 19+400 Right Pond Pond 8 m away from the edge of existing road 13 20+140 20+200 Right Pond pond at 7m away from the edge of existing road 14 21+100 21+160 Right Pond Pond at 23 m away from edge of the existing road 15 24+060 24+350 Left Pond Pond at 35 m away from the edge of the existing road16 25+000 25+300 left Pond Pond at 50 m away from the existing road 17 25+960 26+260 Left Pond Pond on left side near PRoW 18 25+960 26+260 Right Pond Pond on right side near PRoW 19 26+180 26+480 Left Pond Pond at 45 m away from edge of existing road 20 29+495 29+800 Left Pond Pond at 2 m away from edge of PRoW 21 31+920 32+225 Left Pond Pond near PRoW 22 31+925 32+230 Right Pond Pond near PRoW 23 32+200 32+505 Left Pond Pond at 30 away from the edge of the existing road 24 32+360 32+665 Left Pond Pond near PRoW 25 36+900 37+205 Right Pond Pond at 75 m away from the edge of the existing road26 47+100 47+330 Right Pond Pond at 50 m away from the edge of the road 27 47+100 47+330 Right Pond Pond at 50m away from the road 28 47+300 47+630 Left Pond Pond 180 m away from the road 29 48+660 48+990 Right Pond Pond at 70 m away from the edge of the road 30 48+770 49+100 Left Pond Pond at 100 m away from the road 31 52+500 Bypass Left Pond/ depression Pond/depression near PRoW 32 54+100 Bypass Right Pond Pond near PRoW 33 54+200 Bypass Left Pond Pond near PRoW 34 55+120 Bypass Right Pond Pond near PRoW 35 55+900 Bypass Right Pond Pond at 20 m away from the road 36 57+250 Bypass Right Pond Pond touching edge of PRoW 37 58+350 Bypass Left Pond Pond at 45 m away from PRoW 38 60+440 Bypass Left Pond Pond at 40 m away from the road 39 62+200 64+110 Left Pond Pond at 11 m away from the PRoW 40 62+650 64+560 Left Pond Pond at 10 m away from the PRoW 41 68+400 70+375 Right Pond Pond touching PRoW 42 69+300 71+275 Right Pond Pond touching PRoW 43 70+960 72+735 Right Pond Pond touching PRoW

12

Sl No Design Ch (km)

Existing Ch (km)

Side of the Road

Pond/ Depression Descriptions

44 73+000 74+930 Left Pond Pond 50 m away from the road 45 74+100 76+030 left Pond Pond 100 m away from the road 46 75+100 77+030 Right Pond Pond 30 m away from the road 47 78+098 80+028 Right Pond Pond 13 m away from the PRoW 48 82+380 84+310 Left Pond Pond 60 m away from the PRoW 49 85+400 87+330 Right Pond Pond beside PRoW 50 86+500 88+430 Left Pond Pond beside PRoW 51 87+430 89+360 Right Pond Pond 75 m away from the road 52 89+380 91+310 Right Pond Pond 60m away form the road 53 90+400 92+330 Right Pond Pond 70m away form the road 54 95+650 97+580 Right Pond Pond 65m away form the road 55 96+900 98+830 Right Pond Pond 50m away form the road 56 97+800 99+730 Left Pond Pond 43 m away form the road 57 101+080 103+010 Right Pond Pond beside PRoW 58 103+200 105+130 Left Pond Pond beside PRoW 59 103+750 105+680 Right Depression Depression near PRoW 60 108+350 110+290 Left Pond Pond beside PRoW 61 108+350 110+290 Right Pond Pond beside PRoW 62 113+000 114+940 Left Pond Pond 20 m away from the edge of PRoW 63 116+200 118+150 Right Pond Pond 115 m away from the road 64 116+500 118+450 Left Depression Depression near PRoW 65 117+680 119+630 Left Depression Depression near PRoW 66 123+325 125+275 Right Pond Pond beside the PRoW 67 124+085 126+035 Left Pond Pond touching edge of PRoW 68 124+400 126+350 Right Pond/ depression Pond /depression 15 m away from the road 69 124+620 Right Pond/ depression Pond /depression beside PRoW 70 125+260 127+210 Right Pond Pond touching edge of PRoW 71 127+640 129+590 Right Pond Pond touching edge of PRoW 72 132+430 134+360 Left Pond Pond 25 m away from the road 73 135+800 135+730 Left Pond Pond nearby PRoW 74 139+900 141+830 Right Pond Pond touching edge of PRoW 75 140+200 142+130 Right Pond Pond at 70m away from the road 76 141+030 142+960 Right Depression Depression near PRoW 77 141+260 143+190 Left Unlined drain Unlined drain Crossing road 78 142+900 144+830 Left Pond Pond at 60m away from the road 79 144+650 144+580 Right Pond Pond at 6 m away from the PRoW 80 150+400 152+350 Left Pond Pond at edge of PRoW 81 151+550 153+500 Right Pond Pond at 30 m away from the road 82 151+850 153+800 Left Depression Depression near PRoW 83 153+150 155+100 Left Pond Pond at 30 m away from the road 84 153+720 155+670 Right Depression Depression at 60 m away from the road 85 153+850 155+800 Left Pond Pond at 50 m away from the road 86 154+050 156+010 Right Pond Pond at 30 m away from the road 87 155+250 157+210 Right Pond Pond at 60 m away from the road

13

Appendix 9.1: Environment Management Plan

Sl. No Activities Management Measure Location Responsibility

Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring 1.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE 1.1 Pre-construction activities by PIU 1.1.1 Land Acquisition,

R&R The acquisition of land and properties (private & Govt.) will be carried out in accordance with the RAP and entitlement Framework for the project (Orissa R&R Policy 2006). It is to be ensured that all R&R activities are to be completed before the construction activity starts, on any sub-section of project roads. It will be ensured by the PIU, OWD that the resettlement sites required for the sections to be taken up for construction in the first year are to be completed prior to the starting construction at site. The PIU will identify suitable locations for resettlement sites in consultation with the PAPs to be relocated.

Corridor of Impact Concessionaire and PIU

PIU, OWD

1.1.2 Preservation of trees

Trees will be removed from the Corridor of Impact and Construction sites with prior approval form forest department. The PIU and Concessionaire are advised to carry out maximum effort to minimize the number of trees to be felled. Two trees shall be planted for each tree cut.

Corridor of Impact / Construction Sites

Concessionaire PIU, OWD

1.13 Tree Cutting Trees will be removed before the actual commencement of the construction work to prevent traffic problems and accidents. Construction activity and tree felling should not continue simultaneously in any location of the packages. The felling is to be carried out in compliance with the Orissa Timber and other forest produce rule 1980 and Orissa Forest Act 1972. This disposal will be done immediately to ensure that the traffic movement is not disrupted.

Corridor of Impact / Construction Sites

Concessionaire, Orissa Forest Development Corporation (OFDC)

PIU, OWD

1.1.4 Diversion of Forest Land

Forest Clearance will be obtained by the OWD for diversion of 12.7 ha. of different kind of forests before starting of construction work from the regional office of MoEF as per The Forest Conservation Act, 1980. Net Present Value shall be deposited by the OWD as per Forest Dept’s demand note.

Forest areas within the Corridor of Impact

Concessionaire, OWD & Forest Department

PIU, OWD

1.1.5 Utility Relocation All utilities namely water supply line, sewer line, drainage system, Corridor of Impact Concessionaire, PIU PIU, OWD

14


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring OFC, telephone lines etc affected due to the project will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before construction starts, on any sub-section of the project road.

and Concerned Departments,

1.1.6 Relocation of Cultural Properties

All cultural properties viz. temples etc. within the CoI, whose structure is getting affected, will be relocated at suitable locations, as desired by the community before construction starts. Local community meetings (facilitated by NGOs entrusted with the responsibility of R&R implementation) will be held to discuss relocation aspects, siting of structures.

Corridor of Impact. Concessionaire/OWD, PIU, OWD

1.1.7 Replacement of Common Property Resources

All common property resources such as community sources of water, schools, hospitals etc. affected will be replaced wherever required. The replacement will be complete before construction starts.

Corridor of Impact. Concessionaire & PIU, OWD

PIU, OWD

1.2 Pre-construction activities by the Concessionaire / Independent Engineer 1.2.1 Field Verification and Modification of the Contract Documents

1.2.1.1 Joint Field Verification

The Independent Engineer (Environmental Expert) and the Concessionaire will carry out joint field verification of the EMP. The efficiency of the mitigation/enhancement measures suggested in the EMP will be checked.

All locations along the project corridor where mitigation/enhancement/ monitoring measures are proposed

IE & Concessionaire IE & PIU

1.2.1.2 Modification of the Contract Documents

If required, the I E will modify the EMP and Contract documents (particularly the BOQs) through OWD

All locations along the project corridor where changes in mitigation/enhancement/ monitoring measures are felt necessary


1.2.2 Procurement of Machinery 1.2.2.1 Crushers, Hot-mix

Plants & Batching Plants

Specifications of crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants will comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations.

Wherever Concessionaire decides to locate IE & Concessionaire IE & PIU

1.2.2.2 Other Construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery

The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to. All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured for construction will conform to the relevant Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) norms. Noise limits for construction equipments to be procured such as

Throughout the corridor and construction sites


15


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A), measured at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field, as specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

2.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE Construction Stage Activities by Concessionaire 2.1 Identification & Selection of Material Sources 2.1.1 Borrow Areas Arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for

embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environmental requirements, as applicable, will be the sole responsibility of the concessionaire. Permission from the revenue authorities as required shall be obtained by the Concessionaire and the same shall be made available to IE before approval of Borrow area. The Concessionaire will not use any of the locations described here for borrowing (within and upto 1000m either side of Reserve Forest/ Ecologically sensitive areas). Planning of haul roads for accessing borrow materials will be undertaken during this stage. The haul roads should be routed to avoid agricultural areas. In addition to testing for the quality of borrow materials by the IE, the environmental personnel of the IE will be required to inspect every borrow area location prior to approval.

At all borrow area locations suggested for the Concessionaire.

Revenue Department, Concessionaire

IE & OWD

2.1.2 Quarries The Concessionaire will identify materials from existing licensed quarries with the suitable materials for construction. Apart from approval of the quality of the quarry materials, the Engineer’s representative will verify the legal status of the quarry operation, as to whether approval from statutory body is obtained. However, if Concessionaire identifies non-licensed quarry area of his own. It would be his responsibility to obtain permission from statutory authorities (Forest Depart/Department of mining and Geology, Department of Explosive, OSPCB, etc Concessionaire shall submit copies of the permission from the statutory authorities shall be informed submitted to I E along with the re-development plan before approval of the quarry.

All quarries to be used in the project.

Concessionaire IE & OWD

2.1.3 Water The Concessionaire will source the requirement of water preferentially from surface water bodies, as rivers and tanks in the

All rivers / surface water bodies that can be used


16


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring project area. To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the Concessionaire will extract water from fixed locations. The Concessionaire shall consult the local people before finalizing the locations. Concessionaire shall obtain permission from irrigation department for utilization of surface water from rivers. Only at locations where surface water sources are not available, the Concessionaire can contemplate extraction of ground water. Consent from the Engineer that no surface water resource is available in the immediate area for the project is a pre-requisite prior to extraction of ground water. The Concessionaire shall obtain permission from the state Ground water department for all the points where such extraction is required. Concessionaire shall submit a copy of such permissions to the I E.

in the project

2.1.4 Sand The Concessionaire will assess and procure sand from licensed quarries. If he identifies non-licensed sand quarry, he will obtain necessary permission from District Collector with due regard to Minor minerals Concession Rule 2004. The Concessionaire shall adhere all the stipulated condition laid down in such authorization and ensure safety of the site.

All the sand quarry sites Concessionaire IE & OWD

2.2 Labour Requirements

The Concessionaire will use unskilled labour drawn from local communities to appreciate income generation in the locality and to avoid any additional stress on the existing facilities (medical services, power, water supply, etc.)

Along project corridor at construction sites


2.3 Setting up construction sites 2.3.1 Construction

Camp Locations – Selection, Design & Layout

Construction camps will not be proposed: (i)Within 1000m of locations such as Reserve Forest /Ecologically sensitive areas. (ii)Within 1000m from the nearest habitation to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities, with the local community. Locations for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1000 m from watercourses. The waste disposal and sewage system for the camp will be designed, built and operated such that no odour is generated. Unless otherwise arranged by the local sanitary authority, arrangements for disposal of excreta suitably approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by I E

All Construction Workers Camps including areas in immediate vicinity.


17


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring will need to be provided by the Concessionaire.

2.3.2 Hot Mix Plants & Batching Plant Location

Hot mix plants and batching plants will be sited sufficiently away from reserve forest, habitation, agricultural operations or industrial establishments. Such plants will be located at least 1000 m away from the nearest habitation, preferably in the downwind direction.


2.3.3 Arrangements for Temporary Land Requirement

The Concessionaire will carry out negotiations with the land owners for obtaining their consent for temporary use of lands for construction sites/ hot mix plants /traffic detours /borrow areas etc. The Concessionaire will ensure I E that the clearing up and restoration of the site prior to handing over to the owner (after construction or completion of the activity) as included in the contract document.

Areas temporarily acquired for construction sites/ hot mix plants / borrow areas / diversions/ detours.


2.4 Site Clearance 2.4.1 Clearing and

Grubbing Vegetation will be removed from the CoI before the commencement of Construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora is minimum. Only ground cover / shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will be removed with prior approval from the Engineer. The Concessionaire, under any circumstances will not damage trees (in addition to those already felled with prior permission from the forest department). Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm will be considered as trees and shall be removed as per Activity 1.1.2.

Corridor of Impact Concessionaire IE & OWD

2.4.2 Dismantling of Bridgework / Culverts

The culverts will be dismantled carefully and the resulting materials so removed as not to cause damage to the part of the structure retained and other properties and structures nearby. All necessary measures will be taken while working close to cross drainage channels to prevent earthwork, stonework, materials and appendage as well as the method of operation from impeding cross-drainage at rivers, streams, water canals and existing irrigation and drainage systems.

At locations were bridge works and culverts are proposed to dismantle.


2.4.3 Generation of Debris from dismantling of pavement

Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing pavement structure shall be suitably reused in the proposed construction, subject to the suitability of the material and the approval of the Engineer

Throughout Project Corridor


18


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring structures

Unutilized debris material shall be suitably disposed off by the Concessionaire, either through filling up of borrow pit created for the project or at pre-designated dump locations, subject to the approval of the I E. Debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed such that it does not flow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area.

2.4.4 Non-bituminons construction waste disposal

As far as possible construction waste will be utilized in road construction. Location of disposal sites will be finalized prior to completion of the earthworks on any particular section of the road. The Independent Engineer shall approve these disposal sites conforming to the following (a) These are not located within reserve forest areas (b) The dumping does not impact natural drainage courses (c) No endangered/rare flora is impacted by such dumping. (d) Settlements are located at least 1.0km away from the site.

Dump site locations Concessionaire IE & OWD

2.4.5 Bituminous wastes disposal

The disposal of residual bituminous wastes will be done by the Concessionaire at secure landfill sites, with the requisite approvals for the same from the concerned government agencies.

Throughout Project Corridor

Concessionaire IE & PIU, OWD

2.4.6 Compaction of Soil

To minimize soil compaction, construction vehicle, machinery and equipment will move or be stationed in designated area (RoW or CoI, haul roads as applicable) only. The haul roads for construction materials should be routed to avoid agricultural land

All along the project corridor


2.4.5 Planning Traffic Diversions & Detours

Temporary diversions will be constructed with the approval of the Independent Engineer along with prior permission of local road transport department. Detailed Traffic Control Plans will be prepared and submitted to the Engineer for approval, 5 days prior to commencement of works on any section of road. The traffic control plans shall contain details of temporary diversions, details of arrangements for construction under traffic, details of traffic arrangement after cessation of work each day, safety measures for transport of hazardous material and arrangement of flagmen. Environmental personnel of the Engineer will assess the environmental impacts associated as the loss of vegetation, productive lands and the arrangement for temporary diversion of

All along the Project Corridor wherever required.


19


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring the land prior to the finalisation of diversions and detours. Special consideration will be given to the preparation of the traffic control plan for safety of pedestrians and workers at night. The Concessionaire will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. He shall inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian access arrangements. The temporary traffic detours will be kept free of dust by frequent application of water.

2.5 Procurement of Construction Materials 2.5.1 Borrow Areas No borrow area will be opened without permission of the

Independent Engineer Borrow pits will not be dug continuously in a stretch. The location, shape and size of the designated borrow areas will be as approved by the Engineer and in accordance to the IRC recommended practice for borrow pits for road embankments (IRC 10: 1961) The unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials will be maintained dust free by the Concessionaire. Since dust raising is the only impact along the haul roads sprinkling of water will be carried out twice a day along such roads during their period of use.

All along the project corridor, all access roads, sites temporarily acquired & all borrow areas


2.5.2 Stripping, stocking and preservation of top soil

The topsoil from borrow areas, areas temporary acquired for traffic diversion, areas of cutting and areas to be permanently covered will be stripped to a depth of 150 mm and stored in stockpiles. At least 10% of the temporarily acquired area will be earmarked for storing topsoil. The stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and the height of the pile is to be restricted to 2m. Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles will be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by the Concessionaire that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed

Throughout Project Corridor, where productive land is acquired.


20


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring area and cut slopes.

2.5.3 Quarries Concessionaire shall obtain consent to operate the quarry from the OSPCB, permission from Department of Mining and Geology, permission for storage and usage of explosives. Concessionaire shall apply for approval of the quarry along with the copy of permission obtained from regulatory authorities. In addition to that Concessionaire shall prepare re-development plan and submission it to I E.

All the locations of quarry operation for the project


2.5.4 Blasting Except as may be provided in the contract or ordered or authorized by the Engineer, the Concessionaire will not use explosives. Where the use of explosives is so provided or ordered or authorized, the Concessionaire will comply with the requirements of the following Sub-Clauses of MoSRTH 302 besides the law of the land as applicable. The Concessionaire will at all times take every possible precaution and will comply with appropriate laws and regulations relating to the import, handling, transportation, storage and use of explosives. The Concessionaire will at all times when engaged in blasting operations, post sufficient warning flagmen, to the full satisfaction of the Independent Engineer. The Concessionaire will at all times make full liaison with and inform well in advance and obtain such permission as is required from all Government Authorities, public bodies and private parties whomsoever concerned or affected or likely to be concerned or affected by blasting operations. Blasting will be carried out only with permission of the Engineer. All the statutory laws, regulations, rules etc., pertaining to acquisition, transport, storage, handling and use of explosives will be strictly followed. Blasting will be carried out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day) or as permitted by the Engineer. The timing should be made known to all the people within 1000 m (200 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions.

All blasting and Pre-splitting Sites.


2.5.5 Transporting Construction Materials

Concessionaire shall maintain all roads (existing and haul road) which is used for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries.

All along the Project corridor and all haul roads


21


Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring All vehicles delivering materials to the site will be covered to avoid spillage of materials. All existing highways and roads used by vehicles of the Concessionaire, or any of his Concessionaire, sub-contractor or suppliers of materials shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles The unloading of materials at construction sites close to settlements will be restricted to daytime only for safety and avoiding accidents. Acreenins of hessian cloths, agro net and such other for barricading materials are to be erected along all construction, dumping and stockpiling sites under use, so that the generation of the dust in the vicinity of such locations can be minimized to great extent.

2.5.6 Water Extraction The Concessionaire will minimize wastage of water during construction.

All water sources recommended in Project Report and newly identified water sources be used in the project


2.5.7 Disruption of other Users of Water

While working across or close to any perennial water bodies, Concessionaire will not obstruct/prevent the flow of water. Construction over or close to the water body which may have any impact on community water body connected to that, adequate prior information will be provided to such community for making a suitable arrangement that may lead to peaceful and uninterrupted use of the resource during the time of construction activity. Such water body may be pone, water harvesting structures (WHS), feeder channels to pond and irrigation bunds etc.

Locations across or near by water sources


2.5.8 Siltation of Water Bodies and Degradation of Water Quality

Concessionaire will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter for any water body adjacent to the PRoW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to the commencement of earthwork and continue till the stablization of the embankment slopes, on theparticular sub-section of the road. The Concessionaire will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in truck lay byes, which are ultimately entering ito any surface water bodies/water

Locations across or near by water sources


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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring channels with a fall exceeding 1.5 m Concessionaire will ensure that construction materials containing fine particles are stored in a enclosure such that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby water bodies.

2.6 Pollution 2.6.1 Water Pollution 2.6.1.2 Water Pollution

from Construction Wastes

The Concessionaire will take all precautionary measures to prevent the waste water generated during Construction from entering into streams, water bodies or the irrigation system by providing safe waste water soak pits away from any water body.


2.6.1.3 Water Pollution from Fuel and Lubricants

The Concessionaire will ensure that location of parking lots, garages, fuel/lubricants storage/dumps sites, vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and refueling site are located on high ground and at least 500 m from rivers/streams/canal/ponds with proper boundary wall to prevent any accidental leakage or flooding or due to spillage or mishandling. All locations and lay-out plans of such sites will be submitted by the Concessionaire prior to their establishment and will be approved by the IE. The Concessionaire will arrange for collection, storage and disposal of spent oil, lubricants, grease and sludge and other waste. The waste water from these areas should pass through the oil and grease trap.

Location of the re-fueling, storage of waste, parking area etc

Concessionaire IE & PIU of OWD

2.6.1.3 Bridge Works & Culverts

While working across or close to the rivers, the Concessionaire will not disrupt the flow of water. If for any bridgework, etc., closure of flow is required, the Concessionaire apart from obtaining the requisite clearances from the irrigation department will seek approval of the Independent Engineer. The Independent Engineer will have the right to ask the Concessionaire to serve notice on the downstream users of water sufficiently in advance. Construction work expected to disrupt users and impacting community water bodies will be taken up after serving notice on the local community.

At locations were bridge works and culverts are proposed.


2.6.1.4 Silting, Contamination of Water bodies

Silt fencing will be provided around stockpiles at the construction sites close to water bodies. The fencing needs to be provided prior to commencement of earthworks and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-

Water bodies as detailed out in Table 5.4 (Silt fencing locations)


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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring section of the road. Construction materials containing fine particles will be stored in an enclosure such that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby watercourses. All discharge standards promulgated under Environmental Protection Act, 1986, will be adhered to. All liquid wastes generated from the site will be disposed off as acceptable to the Independent Engineer.

2.6.1.5 Slope protection and control of Soil erosion

Adequate measures should be provided for slope protection. Locations of high embankment


2.6.2 Air Pollution 2.6.2.1 Dust Pollution All earthwork will be protected in a manner acceptable to the

Independent Engineer to minimise generation of dust. The Concessionaire will take every precaution to reduce the level of dust along construction sites involving earthworks, by frequent application of water. The Concessionaire implement measures to reduce the level of dust from crushers/hot mix plants; and construction sites by sprinkling of water. The Concessionaire shall conduct environmental monitoring as per monitoring plan. The Concessionaire shall obtain Consent /Permission from concerned regulatory authorities for installation and operation of Hot mix Plant, Concrete Batching Plant, Crusher, Quarry etc and a copy of such consent/permission shall be submitted to I E before starting the plants.

All along the project corridor, locations of the different plants, Environment Monitoring Plan


2.6.2.2 Emission from Construction Vehicles, Equipment and machineries

All machinery and equipments installed or bought, vehicles under use the Concessionaire shall have to conform to the emission standard as applicable. Concessionaire shall ensure servicing of all the equipments, machineries and vehicles as on due date. Concessionaire shall obtain Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificates for his vehicles and machineries and submit a copy of such certificate to IE

All machinery, equipment and vehicles


2.6.3. Noise Pollution 2.6.3.1 Noise from The Concessionaire will conform the following All stationary and mobile Concessionaire IE & PIU of OWD

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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring Vehicles, Plants and Equipments

All plant and equipment used in construction shall strictly conform to CPCB/OSPCB noise standard. All vehicles and equipment used in construction will be fitted with exhaust silencers Servicing of all construction vehicles and machineries will be done regularly and during routine servicing operations. The effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found defective will be replaced Limits for construction equipment used in the project such as compactor, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), bibrators and saws shall not exceeds 75 dB(A) (measured at 1 m from the edge of the equipment in the free field) as specified in Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 Construction activities at sites within 100m from habitation, hospitals and 1000 m from forest areas should be not be carried out during night hours. Noisy construction shall be avoided around educational institutes, health centers/hospitals, silence zones. In case it is unavoidable, noise barrier shall be provided to reduce impact of noisy construction activivites. Concessionaire shall conduct noise monitoring as per environmental monitoring plan. The on-site monitoring results shall be submitted to the I E.

sources associated to the project work

2.6.3.2 Mitigation Measures for Noise Sensitive Receptors

Provision is made for solid / vegetative noise barrier at Sensitive receptor locations exceeding operation stage noise levels. Details of noise barrier at the identified sensitive receptors are presented in Table 5.6. The measures shall be taken during construction stage only in case of excessive noise causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors otherwise the measures shall be implemented in operation stage.

All along the corridor Concessionaire IE & PIU of OWD

2.6.4 Soil Pollution 2.6.4.1 Contamination of

Soil Vehicle/machinery and equipment operation, maintenance and refueling will be carried out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and lubricants does not contaminate the ground. Oil interceptor will be provided for vehicle parking, wash down and refueling areas within the construction camps. Fuel storage will be in proper bunded areas. All spills and collected petroleum products



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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring will be disposed off in accordance with MoEF and SPCB guidelines. Fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 1000m from rivers and irrigation ponds or as directed by the Engineer. In all fuel storage and refueling areas, if located on agricultural land or areas supporting vegetation, the topsoil will be stripped, stockpiled and returned after cessation of such storage and refueling activities

2.7 Safety 2.7.1 Personal Safety

Measures for Labours

Concessionaire shall provide: Protective Footwear an protective goggles to workers employed on mixing asphalt materials, cement, mortar, concrete working at welding, blasting, crusher and stockpiling locations etc as per Factory Act 1948 Welder’s protective eye-shields to workers engaged in welding works Ear plugs to workers exposed to loud noise and at quarries, crushers compaction, concrete mixing, drilling, fabricating and heavy machinery operations. Helmets and safety shoes shall be provided to all workers, supervising staffs and inspecting officials entering into any construction site, quarry site, loading and unloading site for safety and security which should be compulsory irrespective of the rank and file of such personality. The use of netting and platforms below and on the side of overhead construction and excavation, scaffolding activity has to be compulsory to be installed by the Concessionaire to prevent accidental fall of workmen and debris, which are major sources of fatality at all construction sites The Concessionaire will comply with all regulations required for ensuring the safety of the workmen as per Convention No 62 as far as those are applicable to the contract. The Concessionaire shall ensure that during the construction work all relevant provisions of the Factories Act 1948 and the Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act 1996 are adhered to.

All along the corridor and all the Construction sites and plants


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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring The Concessionaire shall not employ any person below the age of 18 years and no woman will be engaged in the work of painting containing lead in any form. Concessionaire will provide face masks for use by the workers engaged in spray painting or manual painting when lead based compound is one of the constituents of such surface to be scrubbed, cleaned and painted ‘No Smoking’ and other High Risk areas are to be provided with statutory signage beside strict enforcement of PPE with zero tolerance limits for the safety and security of installation and equipments. These guidelines will be reflected in the Construction Safety Plan to be prepared by the Concessionaire during mobilization and same shall be approved by I E and OWD after proper scrutiny.

2.7.2 Traffic Safety The Concessionaire will adopt all necessary measure for the safety of traffic during construction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including singage, markings, flags, indicator lights, reflectors and flagmen as proposed in the Traffic Control Plan/Drawings and as required by the IE for the information and protection of the road users approaching or passing through the section of any construction site of activity or diversion The Concessionaire will ensure that all signs, barricades, pavement markings are provided as per the MoSRTH specification and IRC SP:55. The Concessionaire shall prepare Traffic Control Plan and will be submitted to IE for his approval. Concessionaire shall obtain permission from the any administrative authorities for any diversion of the traffic and copy of same shall be submitted the I E.

Through out the corridor Concessionaire IE & PIU of OWD

2.7.3 Risk from Electircal Equipments

All power transmission lines whether claded or sufficiently covered are potential hazards at construction sites. The Concessionaire will take all required precautions to prevent danger from electrical wirings and equipments and ensure that – No material will be so stacked or placed on or near such power transmission equipment and wires and installations which can be a potential danger to affect/inconvenience/fatally injure any road user or workmen so as to cause danger or inconvenience to any

All the sites where electrical equipment is likely to be used


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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring person or the public Loosely hanging and exposed power supply lines heavily loaded supply lines are the cause of many accidents and fire hazards, which may endanger the life and property of so many individuals during construction and lay off period. The Concessionaire should ensure proper maintenance of such supply routes and closer of all such electrical operating units before leaving the sit of activity every day or night as the case may be. All machines to be used in the construction shall have conformed to the relevant BIS specification codes.

2.8 Flora and Fauna: Plantation/Preservation/Conservation Measures 2.8.1 Road Side

Plantation Strategy

The concessionaire shall carry out compensatory plantation twice the number of the trees cut due to the project. Minimum 80% of the survival rate of the saplings shall be acceptable; otherwise the Concessionaire will replace dead plant at his own cost. The Concessionaire will maintain the plantation till 3 yeas. The IE shall be responsible for inspection and monitor regularly the survival rate of all plantations and record his observation in the plantation journal. If any deficiency is found or any change/improvement is required, he will make official correspondence to the Concessionaire.


2.8.2 Flora and Fauna The Concessionaire shall be responsible to adopt precaution to prevent his workmen or any other person connected with the contract from removing and damaging any flora (plat /vegetation) and fauna (animal) including fishing in any water body and hunting of any animal in an around the project corridor, whether it is forest or non-forest. If any wildlife is found near the construction site, the Concessionaire shall immediately inform to Forest Department and IE about the event.


2.8.3 Protection of Reserve Forest Sections

Erection of signboards as specified by the Independent Engineer/DFO for the reserve forest section. The Concessionaire shall take responsibility of prohibiting activities like hunting and poaching of faunal species, by the construction workers within the this area. No construction debris shall be dumped in reserve forest areas.

Reserve Forest Sections


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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring 2.8.4 Elephant

movement

One elephant underpass has been provided for safe movement of elephants across project corridor.

The location will be fixed after surveys at Final PPR stage


2.8.5 Chance found Archaeological Properties

All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity, structures and other remains or things of geological or archaeological interest discovered on the site shall be the property of the Government and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. The Concessionaire will take reasonable precautions to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing. He will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal intimate the Environmental Expert of I E and the EMU of OWD of such discovery and carry out the instructions received from them in dealing with the same while keeping the responsible authority informed of such findings, besides the local police and local administrative authority of the district. EMU of OWD shall inform it t the State Archaeological Department /the District Collector for proceeding in appropriate manner to deal with the chance findings /discovery. Till that time the site and the findings shall be under strict watch and ward to prevent any pilferage alteration of the findings by the workmen or locals as the case may be.

Throughout the Corridor Concessionaire IE & PIU of OWD

2.9. Labour Camp Management 2.9.1 Accommodation The Concessionaire will follow all relevant provisions of the

Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp. The location, layout and basic provision of facilities at each labour camp site will be submitted to I E and EMU of OWD prior to their setting up in the field for approval. The construction of camps will only commence after the written approval from the EMU. In consultation and concurrence of the Environmental Expert of IE. The Concessionaire will maintain necessary living accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and hygienic manner as per the suggestions and guidance provided by the environment expert and IE.

All the construction camp of the Concessionaire


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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring 2.9.2 Potable Water Provision for supply of potable water (as per IS:10500) to all camp

sites in the package will have to be in place in such a manner that the sources are free from pollution and contamination. With proper drainage, platforms, storage facility and sanitation measures in position to see that the surplus and waste water flow does not stagnate or create unhealthy atmosphere around camp as well as the surrounding agricultural fields, water sources and habitation. The Concessionaire will also provide potable water within the precincts of every workplace in a cool and shaded area which is easily accessible as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996. The Concessionaire shall ensure the fulfillment of the following conditions at all work places for the benefit of workers: a) All such storage facilities of drinking water will be on raised platform for drainage and safe storage above at least 1m ground above ground to facilitate its use. b) As far as possible shallow well should not be used as potable source of water unless there is any constraint for boring of tube wells. In all such cases of potable water from open wells, irrespective of its location from polluting environment, regular dis-infection of the water source by application of lime, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate solution have to be ensured at weekly /fort nightly interval. However it should be safe to provide water purifier units in such locations to prevent water borne diseases, where power supply and storage water facility is available. c) All open wells should be covered with the trap door to facilitate disinfections of water sources while mini hand pumps may be set up to draw water from such wells and prevent accidental contamination /accidental fall into such wells besides avoiding dust and filth from the adjacent road entering the well for which a safe drainage channel encircling the open well should be mandatory to prevent inflow of polluted water from outside. d) The trap door will be kept locked and opened only for cleaning or inspection, which will be done at least once in a month to be

All the construction sites and plants

Concessionaire

I E & PIU of OWD

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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring monitored and recorded by the camp in charge at each place. e) Water quality testing of all potable water sources will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991, by sample testing of the water periodically. Environmental Expert of I E will be required to inspect the labour camp once in a week to ensure health and hygienic of the work force.

2.9.3 Sanitation and Sewage System

The Concessionaire will ensure that The sewage system for the camp are built and operated in such a fashion that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses takes place. Separate toilets /bathrooms /latrines, wherever required, are to be provided for women workers separately with specific signage indicating its exclusive use by them. All such facilities must have adequate water supply with proper drainage and disposal facility. All toilets in workplaces are to be located covered screen walls and of dry earth system which is to be maintained, cleaned and disinfected daily using strong disinfectants. The location of such provisions should not be affecting the air surface water and ground water of the locality or the agricultural fields near by either during summer or rains. For lavatory purposes the use of portable latrines system are to be brought under use and the night soil so collected has to be disposed of at designated septic latrines, so as to prevent pollution of the workplace and surrounding areas.

Construction Camp and all the construction site

Concessionaire

I E & PIU of OWD

2.9.4 Waste Disposal The Concessionaire will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Environmental Expert of IE. No night soil should be disposed of at any place other than the septic tank constructed for the workers at the camp site by ensuring the use of Sanitary Latrines/ Portable Latrines system mounted on wheels and fitted with temporary water sealed containers to store the night soil, which shall be emptied at the nearest septic tank facility of any camp site.

Construction Camp Concessionaire

I E & PIU of OWD

2.9.5 Drainage requirements at

In addition to the design requirements, the Concessionaire will take all desired measures as directed by the Independent


Concessionaire

I E & PIU of OWD

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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring construction sites Engineer to prevent temporary or permanent flooding /

accumulation of the site or any adjacent area. 2.10 Protection of

Religious Structures

All necessary and adequate care shall be taken to minimize impact on cultural properties (which includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship including temples, mosques, churches and shrines, etc., graveyards and any other important structures as identified during design and all properties/sites/remains notified under the Ancient Sites and Remains Act). No work shall spillover to these properties, premises and precincts. Access to such properties from the road shall be maintained clear and clean.

At the location decided during preparation of DPR

Concessionaire

I E & PIU of OWD

2.11 Enhancements Enhancement of al cultural properties, water bodies, incidental spaces will be detailed out in the DPR stage. Adequate signages along these enhancement locations will be erected. Generic measures have been suggested for various enhancements required.

As decide during preparation of DPR

Concessionaire

I E & PIU of OWD

3.0 Concessionaire’s Contractor Demobilization and Decommissioning of Established Set Up 3.1 Clearing of

Construction of Camps/Sites, Restoration / Rehabilitation

Concessionaire shall prepare site restoration plans for approval by the Independent Engineer. The plan is to be implemented by the Concessionaire prior to demobilization. On completion of the works, all temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Concessionaire’s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Independent Engineer. Residual topsoil, if any will be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren/rocky areas as identified by the Engineer in a layer of thickness of 75 mm - 150mm.

All Construction Workers’ Camps

Concessionaire

Environmental Expert of I E, PIU of OWD

4.0 OTHER ACTIVITIES 4.1 Training of

implementing agency and his contractors, if any

The PIU shall organize training sessions during all stages of the project. The orientation session shall involve field level EMP implementation staff of PIU, Independent Engineer and BOT Concessionaire.

As decided by PIU EMU of PIU

PIU of OWD

4.2 Redevelopment of Borrow Areas

Redevelopment of borrow areas will be taken up in accordance with the plans approved by the Engineer.

At all borrow area locations suggested for the project.

Concessionaire I E & PIU of OWD

5.0 OPERATION STAGE ACTIVITIES BY PIU-ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

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Planning & Execution Supervision/Monitoring 5.1 Monitoring

Operational Performance

The PIU will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project. The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees, utility of enhancement provisions for cultural properties, water bodies, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas and utility noise barrier at sensitive receptors. Monitoring of the wildlife movement along the wildlife underpasses provided for the corridor.

At the specific locations Concessionaire PIU, OWD

5.2 Pollution Monitoring

The PIU, OWD shall conduct environmental monitoring (Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality and Noise Level) as per monitoring plan through approved agency. If needed, additional locations may also be identified for such monitoring.

At selected locations through out the corridor


5.3 Monitoring of Avenue Plantation

The avenue plantation raised afresh and the old avenue trees retained are to be periodically checked with respect to the plantation register for evaluating the effect and importance of avenue along the road

Through out the corridor


6.4 Noise Barrier Noise levels will be monitored as per monitoring plan at sensitive locations. The survival and functioning of the noise filter plantations and noise control walls has to be specifically supervised and further improvement / replication at other affected points if necessary.

All selected location Concessionaire PIU, OWD