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Christmas is a very special time at Punahou. There are many
festivities and you can really feel the Christmas spirit as you
walk the campus. It all started in 1847...
The first Punahou Christmas was celebrated in 1847. Students
prepared the campus for the holiday because they knew that
missionaries were visiting the campus. Boys cared for the vegetable
garden and kept the grounds in order. They also drove the
horse-drawn Punahou Bus. The students also picked evergreens for
decoration. Early Tuesday morning, long before daylight, we boys,
suitably attired, started for the woods to get evergreens for the
Christmas decorations, and something that might serve for a
Christmas tree, wrote Dr. Albert B. Lyons in an article named
Punahous First Christmas, published June 1941.
After that day, Punahou Christmas continued to be celebrated
with plays, carols, music concerts and much more.
The holiday season at Punahou is based on appreciating and
giving to others. Mrs. Saito, 7th grade Social Studies teacher,
describes it as, Festive, but there is much emphasis on giving.
Teams and classes encourage a spirit of giving to those who are
less fortunate in the spirit of Christmas. Some teams even plan
special events with the help of many generous parents. The Chapel
is one of the busiest and most festive places during the Christmas
season. Chapel is decorated with important christmas scenes and
poinsettias. The last Chapel of the year is dedicated to telling
the story of Christmas, singing carols, and a big choir performance
is held.
This year, there are many events that will be taking place
around Christmas. The PFA will kick-off the holiday season with
their craft fair on the first Friday of December. There is also an
Annual Christmas Eve Service on Dec. 24th at 4:30 pm where you can
listen to Christmas stories and sing
carols. It is held at Thurston Memorial Chapel. Participants are
encouraged to bring cookies to share. The kindergarten classes walk
around to some key spots around campus to sing Christmas carols
while some of the middle school teams do the same at elderly care
homes around the area. Luke Center also sets up a table for
individuals who would like to participate in alternate gift
giving.
Christmas is an amazing time for the entire Punahou community.
Make sure to take the time to absorb the holiday spirit.
In this issue:Constant Stress 2Swedish Students Visit 4Christmas
Movies 6Christmas Desserts 14
CMSC
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Punahou ChristmasBy Siya Kumar 20
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2Nutcracker Ballet By Jaime Tamashiro 19 and Stefani Sakamoto
19
Every year Punahous Dance School creates the wonderful dream
land of Nutcracker. Nutcracker takes you on a magical journey
through a war, triumph. and celebration. This will be the 34th year
of The Nutcracker production, under the direction of Charlys Ing.
There are 6 showings of The Nutcracker. The dates are December 13,
14, 20, and 21. So sit back and relax as we take you on a journey
through the wonderland of Nutcracker.
The story of The Nutcracker takes place at a party, hosted by
Clara and her family. Everyone is dancing and celebrating Christmas
when Drosselmeyer makes a dramatic entrance to the party. He hands
every child a gift, and saves the enchanted Nutcracker for Clara.
Everyone envies the enchanted doll, and Claras brother Fitz breaks
the doll in rage. Drosselmeyer fixes the doll and places it with
Clara as she sleeps. The King Rat and his army battle with the
Nutcracker's army, toy soldiers and grenadiers. The King Rat is
trying to kill the Nutcracker, and the Prince intervenes, helping
the Nutcracker win the battle. The Prince and the Nutcracker emerge
triumphant at the end of the battle.
The beginning of Act Two starts off with Clara and Prince
entering the land of sweets. They see candy mountains and
sweets everywhere. They are greeted by the sugar plum fairy. The
Prince and Clara tell everyone the story of how they fought off the
king mouse. The Sugar Plum Fairy
is awed at their bravery and heroism, and throws them a festival
with lots of festive dancing, music, and delicious treats. She is
greeted by a Cavalier and led in a dance. She falls asleep and
awakens the next morning with the nutcracker in her arms.Placement
auditions for the production are normally held around late
September, or early October. Children between the ages of 5-18
are able to participate. Roles that are danced mostly by
students are:
Cupcake, Cake Bearer, Bonbon, Baby Mouse, Grenadier, Chinese
Pretzel, Soldier, Angel, Ribbon Candy, Party boys/girls, Waltz,
Herald, Snowflakes, and Fritz. Some of the roles mentioned above
are on pointe. Roles such as Clara, Russian, Toy Doll, Toy soldier,
Party aunts and uncles, Drosselmeyer, Nutcracker Prince and Big
Mice are all portrayed by professional guest dancers from Hawaii,
and the Mainland.
Many dancers who have participated in the nutcracker have done
it for many years, and have created lots of great memories
throughout the years. Rina Nagashima 19 says, The best part of
nutcracker overall was when we were Grenadiers in 5 grade! in the
boys'
dressing room with the pointe shoe! Nutcracker has become a
Christmas tradition, and is a great experience for everyone. It is
also an amazing show to watch. You will definitely enjoy it and you
will leave the show in the holiday spirit!
Constant Stress in Middle SchoolersBy Annika Swanson 21and Eve
Thompson 21
Stress. It plagues us all. A test tomorrow, a essay to turn in.
Oh! You forgot your report on Zachary Taylor because you
procrastinated. What are you going to do? With each problem setting
weight on your shoulders, it might be shortening your lifeline.
What most people dont know is that every little thing that causes
stress can kill you. Chronic Stress can cause certain types of
cancer, heart disease, and a premature death. All teens suffer from
stress but recently, they havent been handling it well and its
becoming worse. Some have eating disorders like skipping a meal or
eating your problems away. More girls suffer from it, mostly
because of worries about their appearance or how people think of
them. Stress makes some people short fused and irritable. Some
burst into tears or feel as if they might cry. Stress can be the
reason for being sleep deprived, and in some cases sleeping too
late. Of course, we couldnt forget Stresss little friend Overwhelm.
Many students with Chronic Stress feel very overwhelmed. Whats
worse is that stress levels in teens and even younger children are
continuously rising with each given year.continued on page 3
Homework causes a lot of stress in kids and teens.
Photos by Eve Thompson and Annika Swanson 21
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3Constant Stress in Middle Schoolers continued
Students are expected to survive withstress levels that only
adults felt a few years ago. It definitely affects their happiness
and its not in a good way. For example, 27% of students last year
in America felt extreme stress, 55% felt a medium amount of stress,
and only 18% felt low stress. If you say that stress is not a
problem, youre lying to yourself.
You want to avoid stress? You cant do it completely but you can
keep stress related diseases at bay. These are your
helpers:Excercise. You might be thinking Ugh! Im gonna have to run
like 100 miles! but no. There are many ways to exercise. This is
what Dr. Ronald Waldinger, a psychiatrist, thinks, If you could
give one magic pill that would improve physical health, mood,
reduce weight, that would be it.
According to studies, if you are exercising just to boost your
mood, 30 minutes is enough. If you go way over, you dont feel that
different. Just really tired.
What Makes You Happy?By Clarise Huang 19
What IS happiness? It's around Christmas time, the time when
many people come home to celebrate and see their families again.
Everyone has their own definition, and their own ways of making
themselves happy. Recently, happiness is a subject that scientists
have researched quite extensively.
Scientists found 7 factors that made people happy, which are:
close relationships with friends, caring for others, exercise,
flow, spiritual engagement, strength & virtues, and positive
mindset & gratitude.
Happy people most often have close relationships with others. It
helps if people interact with friends and sometimes share their
feelings. Studies found that people were most happy around family
or friends, and least happy when alone. The cooperativeness and
self-disclosure of a person made a difference. Caring for others
makes people happier. The people who care about others actually
have less chances of getting depressed. It can be helping a
classmate or teacher who has an issue or problem, to
volunteering in a group, club, or fundraiser. Whether you do
something small, or big, if you care for others, it can make you a
happier person.
Exercise was found to make a difference not only in someones
health, but also the happiness of a person. Studies found that
exercise has a big impact and helps with a persons mental health.
It also decreases the possibility of having depression.
Flow. Flow is an emotion where we feel happy and joyful. It
occurs when we try to achieve a goal and challenge ourselves.
Flow happens when you get lost in an activity that brings you
gratification. Its something you can do for hours and you dont even
notice the time. I can play the violin without noticing the time. I
feel complete when I play. I forget all my troubles, remarked Colin
Yeo 19. When I play piano and sing, I immediately feel amazing. I
can do it for hours without noticing the time, commented Ms.
Mazzullo.
Spiritual engagement and meaning makes a difference in our
happiness. This extends beyond just believing and belonging to a
religion, but also the social part of it has an effect. Community
service and religious events bring many people with alike minds
together and the socialization of it can make people happier.
Praying and spiritual practice may also include meditative
activities, therefore calming the mind, reducing stress, and being
more positive in thoughts. It can also give someone perspective and
hope. Believing in yourself can help to be positive in times when
you are down and having resilience during hard times.
It is important to know your personal strengths and virtues.
Personal strengths and virtues will help you to use them not only
for yourself, but also for other purposes more than your personal
goals. But this will only help if you know what strengths or
qualities you have.
Positive mindset and gratitude has a big influence on your
happiness. Gratitude has also been a major point of study. Being
optimistic can help you to find opportunities in everything you do,
especially the difficult or challenging parts of your life. This
will help if you see everything in life as an opportunity and to be
positive. Winston Churchills states it well, a pessimist will find
the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist finds the
opportunity in every difficulty.
Happiness is an emotion studied by many scientists and
psychologists. The relevance of understanding the subject of
happiness is that it can help make one happier. The benefits are
stronger mental health, a means to prevent some mental disorders,
to prevent conflicts and the ability to share the happiness. Its
near Christmas time and now its your turn to spread the happiness
with the ones around you.
A few ways to release stress
1. Getting outsideCamping, Fishing, and breathing in fresh air
are a few calming activities that will release stress.
2. Staying OrganizedUse your student planner! Staying organized
keeps you on top of your work.
3. Playing/ Listening to musicMusic releases stress and keeps
you calm.
4. Eat healthyJunk food doesnt help stress. Ask your parents to
look up healthy foods and dinners twice a week.
Students response when asked: What makes you happy?
- Spending time with my family and talking to my friends, and
also accomplishing my goal or achieving it by trying my best, said
Michelle Woo 19.
- Alli Li 19 said, being around my friends, spending time with
my family, and playing video games!
Photos by Kamalani Quindica 19
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4LOL . . . Its Good For YouBy T.J. Johnson 19
Laughter has scientific evidence for being the best medicine.
When I hear a funny joke, I cant stop laughing and I immediately
feel better.
Happiness is a very important part of your life because living
with happiness can lead to a great successful lifestyle. By just
laughing, you can forget about all of your troubles and look at the
positive side of your life. It can be an antidote to your stress or
conflict in your life. Laughter can increase your happiness.
Laughter can also lead to less stress because it relaxes your
whole body. After laughing your body relieves the tension in your
muscles and expels out any stress that is stuck in your mind.
By just smiling, your brain releases endorphins into your body
and it makes you feel happier. Endorphins are the feel good
chemical in your body; that means when you brain releases it into
your body you feel a good sensation in your body.
Laughter can protect your heart too. Laughter can help you open
your blood vessels and it increases more flow to and from your
heart and reduces the chances for blood clots in your vessels. This
can stop heart attacks and other blood and heart related
problems.
Laughing can also help you improve your immune system. Stress is
linked to your immune system shutting down. Humor can raise the
level of germ fighting antibodies that can improve your health.
These are some ways to get you laughing and happy:
Laugh at yourself as much as possible. Laughing at your mistakes
and embarrassing moments can help you think lightly of yourself and
not take everything so seriously. This can make you forget about
how
embarrassing it is and think how funny it is instead.
Another way is pay attention to little children. All little ones
are full of joy and laughter because they don't have a care in the
world. Having fun with them can help you think positive and be
happier. Children are the best at having fun and laughing.
Counting your blessing can help you get happier and laughing.
You can make a simple list and think about the good moments of your
life. It can make you forget all the bad moments and get you
thinking about the positive side of your life.
This Christmas, I hope you can spend as much time with your
family and friends as possible. When you are in a conversation,
have fun joking around and having fun with the people that you're
spending time with. You don't need the big special presents; it the
happy moments you make. Christmas is the happiest time of the year,
but make happiness last all year round.
Trip to Change the WorldBy Alexa Wong 19 and Colin Yeo 19
On October 22, 2014, Punahou hosted 24 students from Viktor
Rydberg Samskola Middle School, one of Punahous partner schools in
Stockholm,Sweden. The Swedish students stayed with Punahou host
families until November 1st.
The Swedish students, along with the students from
8X,participated in the NAIS 20/20 Challenge, a challenge to take on
a global problem with another school. Together, they were able to
tackle a problem, involving Hawaii and Sweden.
Team 8X isnt the only one participating under the 20/20
Challenge umbrella: Team 8W is collaborating with Soong Ching Ling
School, in China, as well. Teams 8Y and 8Z will conduct Project
Citizen.
This NAIS Challenge collaboration focuses on the idea that
Project Citizen teaches the students. This challenge, however, has
us partnered up with an international school, states Mrs. Anderson,
8th grade Social Studies teacher, who organized this program.
Punahou already had relationships with different schools in Asia. I
thought it would be a good experience for us to focus on a
different place, and to work on making additional international
connections on a different side of the globe. I had this idea to do
a collaboration a long time ago. The curriculum for my classroom
was already designed for a partnership with another school,
Anderson commented.
Together, the Swedish and 8X students chose an issue from the
book High Noon by J.F. Rischard. They shared their ideas and came
up with possible short or long term solutions for problems
presented in the book. Throughout the rest of the school year, the
Swedes and the students from 8X will try to work collaboratively on
fixing the issue of global warming.The Swedish students also had a
chance to learn about our culture and the foods we eat through a
Cultural Exchange continued on page 6
Alisa and Edlin laughing at Gabe for having a flower a flower on
his head. Its good to have fun and laugh with your friends in
between breaks or at lunch to release stress you have at
school.
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5Trip to Change the World continued
Day, held in the teamspace.In addition, twenty-four 8X students
got the privilege
of hosting these Swedish students. Having Sophia live with me
was such a great experience.
It was so fun getting to know her,and about her life back in
Sweden, expressed Geneva Kwaku 19, a Swedish host. They spent four
out of the ten days at Punahou collaborating and learning with the
Punahou students. They also took part in the first 8th grade
Canteen, a Cultural Exchange Day, a Talent Show and various
in-school activities. Outside of school, they went on hikes,
participated in beach days, toured around Waikiki, visited Pearl
Harbor, and spent time with their host families. This will be a
cross-cultural exchange experience for the Punahou community.
Twenty-four Punahou 8X students will also get the chance to travel
to Sweden and visit Viktor Rydberg Samskola Middle School, along
with touring the country. In high school, I had the opportunity to
be an exchange student. I believe that you learn more and gain
confidence if you travel internationally to the actual place. said
Mrs. Anderson, informing us about the trip offered to Sweden during
Spring break. I want the students to learn about another culture,
about their government, lifestyle and how it is different from
ours. The most important thing to take back from this experience,
is that if we try to tackle global problems, we need to collaborate
with other people from around the world.
Happy Holiday MoviesBy Tyler Murakami 21
Its the Holiday season! With the three weeks of Holiday Break
students get, you need to use that time wisely. If its cold, or if
theres bad weather, you could go to the movies!
A fun fact is that movies in the Holiday season are usually even
more successful than Summer movies! Holiday movies can be anything
from sweet holiday classics like Elf, A Christmas Carol, and Its A
Wonderful Life, or anything coming out in the Holiday season
(November-January). Some can be violent, some can be vulgar, some
will be sweet.
The most popular genres of Holiday movies are Sci-Fi, Family,
Drama, Horror, and Comedy. Sweet movies usually do better, but it
really depends on the film. Here are some highlights of Holiday
movies of this year.
For all you Sci-Fi fans out there, theres Interstellar, the long
awaited space epic directed by Christopher Nolan (Inception, Dark
Knight trilogy), The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1, the first
half of the Hunger Games finale, and The Hobbit: The Battle of Five
Armies, the final chapter of the Middle Earth prequel saga.
If Sci-Fi is too intense, some great family films are being
released this holiday season, like Penguins of Madagascar, the
spiritual sequel to Madagascar, Annie, produced by Jay-Z and Will
Smith, a new modern take on the classic story of Annie, and Night
At The Museum: Secret of The Tomb is the
third installment of the Night At The Museum series, and sadly
Mickey Rooney and Robin Williams last films.
If you are a fan of seriousness and drama, go see Unbroken,
about a bullied child turned olympic athlete turned soldier, turned
back to athlete, Tak3n, the third installment of the Taken series,
McFarland, USA about a sports agent, and Big Eyes, a creepy Biopic
of the lady who paints things with huge eyes.
Horror fans should be happy with this years lineup. It includes
Kitchen Sink a horror/comedy directed by Jonah Hill, The Woman in
Black: Angels of Death, a sequel to Daniel Radcliffes spooky 2012
hit, Annabelle, the prequel to The Conjuring, and Jessabelle, about
demons.
If comedy is more of your style, great comedy is being released
this year, like Dumb and Dumber To is the long awaited return to
two of the silliest, funniest, dumbest film characters of all time,
Harry and Lloyd, Horrible Bosses 2 is the return to three other
goofballs in comedy played by Jason Bateman, Charlie Day, and Jason
Sudiekis, Hot Tub Time Machine 2 is another follow-up to a cult
classic comedy, and finally, The Interview starring Seth Rogen and
James Franco.
Some films that will be ragingly popular and successful are
Interstellar, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1, Annie, Dumb and
Dumber To, and The Divergent Series: Insurgent. You may want to at
least consider seeing these. I hope that your holidays are filled
with fun, happiness, and belief! Happy Holidays!
(from left to right) LeNaca Suguturaga 19, Kiarra Young 19,
Charlene Abanes 19, and Leila Omydiar 19 learn swedish words from
Isolde during a language exchange.
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6Must See Christmas MoviesBy Mia Gaughan 20, Leila Mukaigawa 20,
and Maddy Seabolt 20
The weather in Hawaii can make it difficult to get into the
holidays spirit, like they do on the mainland. But there are many
ways we can get into the spirit here in Hawaii. You can drive
around Hawaiian Electric Company and see the lights lit up, you can
make cookies, or watch holiday movies.
The Courier listed some of the must see holiday movies: Elf, The
Polar Express, A Charlie Brown Christmas, and National Lampoons
Christmas Vacation.
The movie Elf directed by Jon Favreau was released on November
7, 2003. The story is about Santas son, named Buddy, who learns
that his true identity is a human and that he was adopted by Santa
and raised by elves in his factory. Later, Santa lets him go to New
York to find his real family. When he finally finds his family,
Buddy finds out that his father, Hobbs, is on Santas naughty list.
Hobbs didnt even know that Buddy was born. Buddy has to choose if
he should stay with Santa or with his real family. Buddy spreads
happiness and joy everywhere he goes. This is a perfect movie to
watch whether its in school or at home with your family. Its a
hilarious and entertaining film that will have you laughing.
The Polar Express is a 2004 animated Christmas movie musical.
Its about a boy looking outside of his window on Christmas Eve and
he sees a train right outside his house. He goes outside and finds
a conductor waiting for him. The conductor tells him that the train
is called the Polar Express and is bound for the North Pole where
Santa lives. The boy boards the train and takes an extraordinary
ride. When they get to the North Pole, the boy is
handpicked by Santa to receive the first gift of Christmas. He
then realizes that he can choose anything he wishes, and chooses a
bell from one of Santas reindeers. When he gets into the train he
reaches into his pocket and finds that the bell isnt there. On
Christmas day, he finds a gift from Santa and notices that its his
bell. The movie was listed in the Guinness World Book of Records in
2006 as the first all-digital capture film. There is a book based
on the movie also named The Polar Express.
A Charlie Brown Christmas debuted in 1965, and although that is
almost 50 years ago, people still love the movie
dearly. The movie contains the characters of the Peanuts comic
strip. A Charlie Brown Christmas is about Charlie Brown, a boy who
feels gloomy and wants a way to cheer up. When Charlie Brown
confronts his friend, Lucy, about this problem, she suggests that
he should help manage the Christmas play. Charlie Brown is uneasy
but gives it a try. After lots of laughs and smiles, the Christmas
for Charlie Brown is wonderful and heartwarming for you and your
family this holiday season.
National Lampoons Christmas Vacation is one of the Couriers
personal favorite Christmas movies. Even though it is an old movie,
it still brings lots of joy and laughter. Clark Griswold, the main
character takes his family on a Christmas vacation. There are a lot
of unfortunate but funny events that occur throughout the movie,
but you will have to watch and find out. There are a lot of other
minor problems that would make you laugh as well. In the end, they
are a great and happy family. We promise this movie will bring a
whole lot of giggling to you when you watch it.
Get your hot chocolate, gingerbread cookies, and popcorn! These
fun filled movies will surely get you in the holiday mood this year
and many years to come. So sit back, relax, and watch these movies
to your hearts desire.
Sandys Not BarrysBy Gabriel El Hajji 19
According to USA Today, Stanley Chang and Ernest Martin, two
Honolulu councilmen, backed out on their proposal to rename Sandy
Beach Park to Barack Obama Beach Park because of its unpopularity
to Honolulu residents.
Sandy Beach Park was a place where Barack Obama used to bodysurf
as a kid. he also bodysurfed there once more in 2008 before he was
elected. When the councilmen proposed this they obviously had the
presidents history in mind.
Sandy Beach was not accessible by automobile until October 1931,
when the newly constructed coastal road following the cliffs from
Hanauma Bay was completed. As the only sand beach along this rocky
coast. The name later evolved into Sandy Beach, states
www.oceansafety.anc. According to locals, one of the reasons why
the name stuck is because whenever you get thrown over that falls
you get covered in sand.
No matter what the name Sandys is still a favorite place for
many. CMS Courier asked students their favorite thing activity at
Sandys.
I like to go body surfing because I like the thrill of catching
big waves. Sandys is the perfect place you have to know what youre
doing there because if you do you can catch the big waves and if
you don't you could drown, get sucked out or get hurt, expresses
T.J Johnson 19.
I like to sit by the waves on the sand but i don't go in the
water too deep because i might get swept away i just play in the
shorebreak with my family, says Aaron Kakazu 19.
Sandy beach has massive waves, every time I go there I expect to
get absolutely crushed. My blood pumps and my mind goes daredevil
mode every time I see a gigantic wave coming. I like it when its
six to eight feet and even if I'm not good at bodyboarding I can
still have more fun there than at any other place, says Bobby Liu
19.
Photo by Napu Kim
19
Keapo Mckenny 19 pulling into a fat barrel at Sandys. He was
featured in Science Bodyboardings Instagram
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7Eddie Wen Go, But He Will Be In Our Hearts ForeverBy Kiarra
Young 19
Eddie Wen Go, a play and book by Mrs. Marion Lyman Mersereau,
was produced into a 60 minute play on Friday September 19, 2014 at
the Hawaii Theater for youth. The book was written to carry on the
legacy of Eddie Aikau and his act of courage and sacrifice when the
Hokulea capsized so that we remember him forever.
This book is about how Eddie Aikau showed a tremendous amount of
bravery through the eyes of the sea creatures underneath the upside
down canoe. There are several different characters that come
together in the end and watch Eddie go out to rescue his crew
mates.
Tutuwahine is the grandmother humpback whale who witnesses the
canoe capsizing. Kaleo is Tutuwahines grandson with whom she shares
the story. Lele is a spinner dolphin who is Kaleos friend. Those
three are the main characters, but there is also Mr. Mno, a
pidgin-speaking shark who provided comic relief in the play, Mr.
Honu, the sea turtle and Iwa the bird.
The Courier interviewed Mrs. L-M about the play.
How long did it take you to write the book? I wrote Eddie Wen Go
in one summer when I was enrolled in the Hawaii Writing
Project.
Tell us about the process of getting the book to the stage. I
wrote the play in 2010 for HTY but I had too many characters - they
usually only have 3-4 characters (thats b/c they can only pay 3-4
actors) and I loved my characters too much to get rid of any of
them. I hoped Kumu Kahua might stage it because they gave me the
Residents Prize for the play but they dont stage
childrens plays. Then I lucked out when the company that
produces Once Upon One Nodda Time, Ohia Productions, was having
financial problems, and my play was on the Hawaii Theater Centers
Education Directors desk - she called and asked if I would like to
see Hawaii Theater produce it and I jumped at the chance.
What was your feeling about the ending result of the play? I was
ecstatic!!! It was so much more than I ever imagined! If it was
left up to me I wouldve had Mr. Mno wearing a cap with a dorsal
fin, Iwa would have stretched out her arms and flown around the
stage like that, and the whales wouldve just been big people.
If Eddie was here to see the play, what do you think he would
say? I think Eddie wouldve not allowed the play to be produced b/c
it honors him in such a marvelous way and he was a very humble man
who wouldnt have wanted anyone to make a big deal about what he did
which he felt was the only thing to do.
The play had a total of only 2 shows run for the public and the
schools. I enjoyed the transition from the sea creatures view to
the crews point of view; I thought it was very creative. I really
liked Mr. Mano in the comical parts of the play that made it even
more gratifying. Their costumes were very inventive and it must
have taken the cast several long days and hours just to complete
Tutuwhahine, the humongous whale. I hope this play was inspiring to
all who watched.
Mrs. L-M poses with the cast of the play. Eddie Wen Go made its
debut on stage on September 19, 2014
Photo courtesy of Kaveh Karden
Photo courtesy of Marian Yee.
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8
Harry Okabe: WWII EyewitnessBy Nicholas Laa 19
The book Under the Blood Red Sun was released in 1995. It is
about a Japanese American boy named Tomikazu. He lived in the era
of World War II and Oahu was just bombed by the Japanese. Being
Japanese himself, Tomi was segregated by people who were white and
thought that he could be a spy. Tomi had friends who backed him up,
but at times he was still set apart from other white kids. This
book reminded me about my grandfather who was also a part of the
war during World War II.
My grandfathers name is Harry Okabe. He was born on January 21,
1939 in Honolulu Hawaii. Harry had 6 siblings: Shirley, Eunice,
Barbra, June, Kenneth and James. In his childhood, he lived in the
lower class area of Kakaako. He didnt have many things that most of
us have today. He was not blessed to go to an amazing school, he
didnt have the nicest house, he didnt have a lot of food to put on
his dinner table. He went to Mckinley High-School, a public school
located in Kakaako. Harry always wanted to ride a cool bike to
school and play with a basketball but he didnt have enough money to
afford it. His house would alway break and have leaks in it because
it was always broken. One night, his entire family had to share one
small egg for dinner. His childhood was not ideal.
He had a group of friends (or as he would call it, a gang) was
four people. His best friends that he would hang out with were
Carl, Kawamoto and Earl. They would spend a lot of time together as
a gang. They would always skip school whenever they wanted to. They
could go out to parties instead of staying home and doing their
homework. They would all fail in school because of that. I still
cant believe that he graduated high school! He told me that would
bring comic books in class and read those instead of the textbooks
that they would give him. My grandfather told me about his
experience in World War II. He told me when he was younger, his
family needed to hide in his church when army men were checking out
the places to make sure no Asians were around. He told me that this
reminded him about the Civil War the in 1860s when Black people
needed to hide from the White people in churches to hide in for the
night. This really made me think about how he was so harshly
affected by this war that he needed to hide from people because the
army thought that they were all criminals. Because Japan bombed our
island, any Japanese person was known as a criminal because of
something that Japan did. I appreciate my grandfather and I honor
him for his experiences in WWII. Wars are not usually found here in
Hawaii seeing that it is such an isolated place and a place that
you would not find a war in. My grandfather, Harry Okabe has been
through a lot of harsh years of war and I really respect him.
Photo by Nicholas Laa
December 7, 2014 will mark the 73rd Anniversary of the bombing
of Pearl Harbor.
Harry Okabe is 75 years old. He enjoys cooking and playing golf.
He currently lives with Nick Laas Family.
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9Music Helps You Learn Languages BetterBy Elizabeth Ting 21
Many students play an instrument. Some of us want to and others
are forced to. If you are being forced to, don't despair because it
might actually be good for you. There's a new study in the Journal
of Neuroscience that says playing an instrument may help your brain
process all languages better and improve your ear for speech.
According to the study by neurobiologist Nina Kraus and others
at Northwestern University, music and language are similar. They
both use pitch, timing and timbre, which means the sound quality.
Music and language are both processed in the same part of the
brain.
All you have to do is think about how many parts of your body
are involved when you play music to know that it really works your
brain. For instance, if you play the piano, you use your eyes, both
hands, your ears, and sometimes even your feet, all at the same
time. When you play an instrument, your brain gets really good at
picking up sounds and this helps you to process words faster. This
means that in class you can more quickly understand what your
teacher is saying.
This makes sense to Punahou teacher Stephanie Lawton who has
been teaching music for 14 years. According to Mrs. Lawton, In both
music and language learning we are taking in new information,
working on retention, aiming to gain
understanding in some degree of fluency. She also says that
students who do not find it easy to read music or learn may be
having challenges in their other classes.
You dont need an expert to tell you that music makes you feel
good and it helps you in school. Emma Peters, who has been taking
flute at Punahou for two years, says When Im doing homework I take
a break to play the flute because music helps me to focus. So next
time you are being forced to play music, think about all of the
good it is doing you.
Food of the IslandsBy Kawai Kelekolio`21
Some of the best food can be found right here at home in Hawaii.
You dont have to look far for good food. It`s starting to get
colder, as it tends to in winter. On an especially cold day, food
can help you stay warm. The Courier recommends Goma-tei at Ala
Moana or Ward Center where you can enjoy many different Japanese
meals: Katsu,
Ramen, Udon and Gyoza are delicious and will give you energy and
keep you warm as you go about your day.
If you want to stay at home, get Poke bowls at your neighborhood
supermarket. Foodland offers a good variety of poke. My personal
favorite is the oyster sauce poke. I also like to stir fry it.
Angelo Pietros is a good choice if you want Italian food. There
is an array of pastas, pizzas, and other dishes sure to please any
Italian food lover. My personal favorite is the bacon pizza.
You can find go find any range of ethnic cuisines, cooking
styles, fast food places, and anywhere in between in Hawaii. Where
will you eat next?
Oyster Poke Stir Fry RecipeBy Kawai Kelekolio
Ingredients: 1 cups of foodland
oyster sauce poke of a cup of water Hawaiian red salt small maui
onion
Instructions:
Heat the frying pan to medium heat. Once the pan is hot, pour in
1 cups of poke. Once 10 minutes has elapsed from when you poured
the poke into the pan, add the cup of water and let sit in hot pan
for 2 minutes. Drain out remaining water into sink. Peel maui
onion. Take half onion and scatter onion-rings in pan. Save other
half of maui onion. After 2 minutes, remove poke and onion-rings
from pan. Plate and garnish with cup of red salt and small onion
slices. Enjoy.
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10
Were the Wright Brothers First in Flight?By Jeremy Lee 20
Many memorable things happen in December. One of the lesser
known events happened on December 17th, 1903, America took to the
skies in controlled flight.
The Wright Brothers are generally credited as the first people
to fly a plane on December 17. However, new information claims that
they were not the
first people. Research shows that nine months before the Wright
brothers flew their plane, a New Zealand farmer named Richard
Pearse flew a powered, heavier-than-air machine 350 yards before
crashing into a hedge.
The reason no one knows about him was that Richard Pearse was
not flying his plane for industrial development. He also didnt
develop his plane to the extent that the Wright brothers did.
Another person, a Frenchman, made a prototype that was powered
by steam, says a website at http://mentalfloss.com/. This never
took flight, although later he made one that flew short distances
after being launched from a ramp. Again, it was not controlled.
What made the Wrights plane different was its revolutionary
system of control, says NASA. They developed the 3-axis method of
control that we use today. The first axis is called the pitch axis.
Pitch controls the angle which the planes nose is pointing. This
lets the plane go point up and down.
Today, pitch is controlled by the planes elevators. These are
normally located on the tail wings. According to NASAs airplane
control website, on the
Wrights aircraft, the elevator was located on the front. When
the elevators go up, the planes nose goes up, and same for
down.
The second axis is roll. This axis lets the plane does exactly
what it sounds like- roll. The roll axis allows the plane to roll
to the left, and roll to the right. This is controlled by ailerons.
Ailerons are located on the wings outer edge. According to
www.Wikipedia.com, they work together. One side will go up, and one
side will go down. The aileron that goes down increases lift while
the one that goes up decreases lift.
NASA says that the Wrights did not use ailerons, instead, they
used a system called wing warping to control roll. A bunch of
cables could be pulled to twist the wing tips of the airplane and
make it roll. Although December is a
memorable month, the birth of Christ, the anniversary of the
bombing Pearl Harbor, and Hanukkah, it is also an important time in
aviation history. Without those two men, in a field in Kitty Hawk,
we might not have the ease of transportation we have today.
Source: www.aboutfamouspeople.com
How Does Google Search Work?By Clarise Huang 19
How often do you use Google? After asking this question to a
news journalism class consisting of 18 students and 1 teacher, all
of them said they used it almost every day, at least once, if not
more. We often use Google to do many things like research, a quick
way to find answers, for entertainment, and many other things. But,
when we search for something, why do we receive those results? How
does it work? Well, it takes a bit of technology and formulas to
find what were looking for, and it all happens in less than a
second. Larry Page and Sergey Brin created Google on September 15,
1997. The name Google was a play on words for
googol which the term of 1 followed with 100 zeros. The name was
chosen because it was meant to represent what seems to be an
infinite amount of information and data throughout the Internet.
Cyberspace is like our universe; it is massive, and at the same
time, it is expanding and changing all the time. It isnt something
that can be mapped, but Google has made many technologies that come
into use when searching the web.
Google uses software known as spiders or Googlebots. The
"spiders" follow links to find websites that are interconnected or
have similar relevance to your search. There are also frequency
policies that are set by certain software
that Google uses. But we have to be aware that not all
information is reached because the spiders can only go through so
much information.
First, the Googlebots will crawl through many websites and looks
through new sites, and they go through current sites too. The
amount of times a Googlebot will go through a site isnt favorable,
but the site owners can control how much of the site can be crawled
through.
Photo from www.rc-airplane-world.com
Photos by Clarise Huang 19
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11
continued on page 13How Does Google Search Work continued
The Googlebots will then organize data, and the information they
have found (which is about 95 petabytes or 95,000,000,000,000,000
bytes) will be updated. The next step is to put the results/data in
order, because when your results come up, they have to be in some
sort of order, depending on what best fits whatever you searched.
PageRank is a formula Google uses to improve the results of the
search, but what it's looking for is the content/relevance, quality
(things like spell check), if it's up-to-date, the user's region
(having the same language), legitimacy (not spam-related), the name
and address of the website, synonyms to your search, the amount of
links that go to a certain web page, and the value of those links.
Google uses the PageRank formula to figure all of this out.
There's a lot more to Google and how its technology works, and
at times it may seem complicated. But if you want to learn more
about it, take some time and search it up on Google.
Upcoming TechnologiesBy BJ Acob Supnet 20
So its almost 2015 now, and technology is a popular subject
because there is a bunch of inventions that could be in stock
mid-year. Maybe you want to get your hands on advanced gaming
devices, or maybe you want to experience driving with just your
eyes. Either way, the future devices could change the world. First
off, the Oculus Rift is a virtual reality gaming device that you
wear on your eyes and experience gaming in first person. The only
downside is that you might get motion sickness. The Oculus Rift is
still in development, but you can buy the second and newest
version, the DK2, for only $300.
The Google Car is a highly expensive car made from Google that
can drive anywhere with your eyes. The car is still in development
and there were a total of three crashes already, but its a very
neat and simple way to drive in the future.
The last high tech device that I want to talk about is the 3D
Printer. The 3D Printer works as any other printer, but it prints
any 3D object that you can imagine. You can print a mini model of a
spaceship, or you can print a Lego Minifigure but it might not bend
as a regular Minifigure. You can even buy a 3D Printer that can
print edible food and you can even eat that model.
Modern PresentsBy Doyoon Daniel Kim 20
Christmas is just around the corner and people are scurrying in
and out of stores to buy presents for their friends and family.
Presents that you may want to consider are the 3Doodler and Sphero.
The 3Doodler is a pen that allows you to draw in three dimensions.
Sphero is a robotic ball that you control with your smart phone.
Read on to learn about these two cool and modern presents.
Middle schoolers like to draw. Drawing has evolved in many ways.
One great example is the pencil. Long ago, people would use rocks
to carve drawings into rock walls, but now we draw with a pencil
and paper. If you are thinking about buying your friend or a family
member a good little gadget that they can draw and create things
with, you may want to consider the 3Doodler.
The 3Doodler is the world's first 3D printing
pen. According to THINKGEEK, the 3Doodler is basically a hot
glue gun.
You insert
a stick of thin plastic into the pen and it will quickly melt
and cool the plastic into any shape you desire. You can draw in
three dimensional shapes like a car or a cube and even an Eiffel
Tower. You can download stencils at the3doodler.com to create
projects. The 3Doodler retails for $99 at the3doodler.com.
Another popular toy is called the Sphero. It is a robotic ball
that you can control with your smart phone. There are many
different games that you can play with it. For some games, you can
use the ball as a controller for games on your smart phone such as
Nyan Cat, or use your phone to control the ball. One cool feature
of this toy is that you can play augmented reality games on it.
Augmented reality games are games that are half real and half
inside your phone. The camera of your phone projects an image of
where your phone is facing and inputs animations into the image.
Your Sphero Ball, would be in the game but battling imaginary
enemies that only exist in your phone. Another really cool feature
is that it is waterproof, states www.gosphero.com. 3Doodler and the
Sphero are great gift ideas. These gifts can help you become
creative by testing your limits. You will be able to draw in
three dimensions, and also program robots.
Photo from the3doodler.com
You can draw three- dimensional shapes with the 3D Doodler pen.
It retails for $99.
Photo by Daniel Kim
Sphero can be controlled with your smartphone.
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12
CMS Happenings & Events
Maya Ricardo 19, Trevor Powell 19, Edlin Davis 19, Jaime
Tamashiro 19, and Alisa Masamitsu 19 are all ready
for Halloween, dressed up in their costumes.
Students of Mrs. Laus advisory, Abbie Woo 19, Mrs. Lau, Kevin
Zhao 19, Chanel Ng 19, and Jadey Hagiwara 19, dressed up as dominos
to
get into the spirit of Halloween.
Alexa Wong '19 and Daralyn Wen '19 enjoying the morning scene of
the
ocean, as they get ready for their last day at camp
Mokule'ia.
Jadey Hagiwara '19, Abbie Woo '19, Grace Kim '19, Ava Geilfuss
'19, Edlin Davis '19, and Chanel Ng '19, cooling off after the
beautiful, but extremely long and hot hike.
Ashley Eala 19, Kobi Saito 19, and Brigitte Wu 19 enjoying their
first morning at camp
Lexie Matsunaga 19 and Lindsay Oshiro 19 taking a cute picture
before starting on their Kaena Point hike.
Photos courtesy of Ethan Lung, Taylor Kealoha, LeNora
Suguturaga, Alexa Wong, Ashley Eala, Rina Nagashima, Lauren Seu,
Edlin Davis, 8W Website
Layout by Stefani Sakamoto 19
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13
Malia Brooks 19 running her last footsteps to the finish line in
a
Cross Country Meet.
Rina Nagashima 19, Lenaca Suguturaga 19, Lenora Suguturaga 19,
Taylor Kealoha 19, and Jared Gady 19 are getting into the Holiday
spirit by taking picture with
Santa Claus (Pal Eldredge 64) at the 8X CANival
Keala Mau 19, Taylor Kealoha 19, Rina Nagashima 19, LeNora
Suguturaga 19,
LeNaca Suguturaga 19, and Julia Piper 19 are having fun the
Punahou v. Mililani state
championship game.
Ty Shishido '19, and TJ Johnson 19, excited and energetic, ready
for the
Cross Country Meet
Liza and The Riddling Cave cast Malia Munley 19, Trevor Myers
20, Eliana Reeves 19, Miya Heulitt 19, Branden Hallstrom 21, Keila
Wong 19, and Katarina Jenkins 19
Dillyn Lietzke 20 and Maile McGuinn 20 getting ready for their
next class.
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14
All Wrapped Up in Christmas DessertsBy Edlin Davis 19 &
Stefani Sakamoto 19
Everyone knows its Christmas time when you can smell Christmas
pine and cookies in the air. Its that amazing aroma that gets us
into the jolly Christmas spirit. Christmas is a time of joy; its a
time of happiness, and being with family. It is also a time for
eating Christmas desserts. This holiday reminds us of
the 3rd grade when we created a field of mini gingerbread
Christmas trees. Small little memories like the making of
gingerbread Christmas trees, always brings a smile onto our faces
during Christmas; its those memories that can make Christmas even
more special. Here are two must have mouthwatering desserts to eat
during the holidays.
A gingerbread house is a fun Christmas treat. Every year, many
families create a traditional gingerbread house. Making a
gingerbread house is a great way to collaborate with others, and
not to mention, you will have a delicious treat in the end. You can
also be creative with how you design your house, and even turn it
into a friendly competition. Another scrumptious dessert are
Peppermint Meringue cookies. This dessert is light, airy, and gives
you a nice peppermint kick. Petite peppermint meringues pair nicely
with a warm cup of hot cocoa, or are tasty by themselves! These
enjoyable miniature delights are simple to make, and will disappear
in a hurry!
This year, dont just sit around and do nothing during Christmas
time; make fun holiday treats with your friends and family, or even
create your own bake off. So, turn your christmas gathering into a
something even more unique with your family. Happy holidays!
Copyright free Photo from http://3.bp.blogspot.com
Photo from Edlin Davis 19
Peppermint Meringue Cookies Recipe from allrecipes.com
Ingredients1. 2 Egg Whites
2. 1/8 teaspoon of salt
3. 1/8 teaspoon of cream of tartar
4. 1/2 cup white sugar
5. 2 peppermint candy canes, crushed
Directions1. Preheat oven to 225 degrees F
(110 degrees C). Line 2 cookie
sheets with foil.
2. In a large glass or metal mixing
bowl, beat egg whites, salt, and
cream of tartar to soft peaks.
Gradually add sugar, continuing to
beat until whites form stiff peaks.
Drop by spoonfuls 1 inch apart on
the prepared cookie sheets.
Sprinkle crushed peppermint candy
over the cookies.
3. Bake for 1 1/2 hours in preheated
oven. Meringues should be
completely dry on the inside. Do
not allow them to brown. Turn off
oven. Keep oven door ajar, and let
meringues sit in the oven until
completely cool. Loosen from foil
with metal spatula. Store loosely
covered in cool dry place for up to
2 months.
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15
New Years Around the GlobeBy Dylen Fujimoto 20 & Brad
Zukeran 20
New Years Eve is a time for celebrating and beginning a fresh
start to the year. Countries all over the world welcome the New
Year in many different ways.
In France, they celebrate by having a large feast called, le
Rveillon de Saint-Sylvestre, which may include champagne
and Foie Gras, which is a special dish which is from the liver
of a duck or goose. Many French citizens exchange gifts and New
Years resolutions, then adults seal the night with a kiss under
mistletoe.
In Brazil, millions of people come to witness the fireworks and
parties across Rio de Janeiros shores. One custom is to wear white
clothes because it symbolizes peace. Brazilians eat lentils on New
Years because the lentils signify health and they eat pork and fish
because both foods are animals that move forward. To increase your
good luck in the New Year, Brazilians believe that if youre on the
coast you should make 7 wishes and jump over one wave for each
wish.
South Africans celebrate Nuwe Jaar, with large parties, beach
bashes, and massive concerts to wrap up the Year. Similar to the
French, South Africans love to feast and drink.
JapanGuide.com explains that in Japan people celebrate the New
Year by decorating homes and entrances with ornaments made out of
pine, bamboo, and plum trees.
On New Years Eve Japanese people eat toshikoshi soba because it
symbolizes longevity. The first meal of the New Year should be
mochi soup (ozoni) and sweetened rice wine (otoso). Its a tradition
to see New Years first sunrise
(hatsu-hinode) and visit shrines or temples at the turn of the
year.From Japan to Brazil and countries all over the world, each
celebrate in their own
unique and fun way. The New Year is a fun and happy time to
spend with others and party all night. But however you celebrate,
we hope you have a good time welcoming in the New Year.
Source: french.about.com, brazil.com
Spicing Up Your Tree for ChristmasBy Chanel Ng 19 and Hana
Ogihara19
Christmas is a time to decorate your trees. Tree decorations are
a way to capture special memories. Alisa Masamitsu 19 always puts
some homemade ornaments and tinsel around the tree. There are many
ways to dress your tree. Ornaments are essential when decorating
your tree. Collecting items during a vacation or a major trip for
sports is a great idea; it will remind you of the memories that you
made with your family and friends. You can be creative and take
simple souvenirs and turn them into ornaments by adding a
string.
An example of a souvenir that you could add is a keychain from a
place where you made good memories.
Colors you use for the ornaments should be vibrant colors such
as a bold blue, a daring red or a metallic or gold color. Using
these colors make your ornaments and your tree stand out compared
to having a dull tree. It will capture the eyes of your family and
guests.
You also can make a Do It Yourself ornament, and one example is
a vintage or hand-dye ribbon, or any pieces of paper that are
special to you. You could cut out simple or intricate shapes from
colorful papers or sheet music if you like, and decorate them to
match your style. Not all ornaments are circle and round. You can
take flowers and turn them into ornaments. Flowers you can use are
bright red Poinsettias, crisp white Lilies or deep red Tulips
because these all these colors show Christmas spirit. You can also
add small animal statues such as small birds because maybe you
enjoy having animals around you.
Weve just told you anything and everything that you can put onto
your tree to keep the holiday spirit alive in your house. All of
these can be made in the comfort of your home or store bought.
Sources: www.hgtv.com, www.marthasteward.com
The Japanese believe that ozoni soup helps with longevity and
good luck
Photo by Brad Zuckeran
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16
Holidays From the HeartBy Olivia McCabe, 21
When I think Christmas, I think about presents, Christmas trees,
and holiday treats. This is a collection of some holiday treats and
traditions my family does during the holidays. My family has a lot
of Christmas recipes. They have been in my family for a long time.
We have a tradition of making a German fruit cake called stollen.
It uses dried fruit, almonds or marzipan, and a powdered sugar or
glaze icing. Stollen was not as decorative or delicious as we know
it today.
According to wikipedia.org, during the Renaissance it was made
simply flour, oats, and water. Today it has
advanced to what we see as a fruitcake.
Another favorite treat is a cookie called an iced hermit. It is
a shortbread cookie that has candied ginger and icing on top. My
family makes them into holiday shapes like sugar cookies. When I
was little, I liked to arrange the candied ginger in little
patterns on top of the cookies.My favorite holiday recipe is the
Russian tea cake, or more commonly known as snowballs. Snowballs
are shortbread cookies rolled into little balls and covered with
powdered sugar so they look like snowballs. I like these so much
because they melt in your mouth. Sometimes we use nuts in the
batter, like walnuts and almonds, and I like to help my mom roll
out the cookies.
This isnt exactly a family recipe, but its a thing we do every
year. We go to Costco and buy a gingerbread house, (I really like
assembling them) and we decorate them to our hearts content. Since
there are five people in my family, we split the house up so we can
individually decorate it. There are five sections: the roof panels,
the long sides, and the front and back combined. One year, we had a
lot of extra candy and icing left, so we just stuffed it all in the
house. When we finally started to break it down to eat it, my
brothers and I ate all of the inside. I think I had a sugar rush,
because I remember I was really hyper that day.
Almost everyone has something they love or cherish about
Christmas. For some people, it is a special way of decorating a
tree, or games they play on Christmas day. My family uses ornaments
that we received as gifts, from parties. We also hang homemade
ornaments. We dont use
tinsel a lot, but we have multicolored lights that give the tree
a little sparkle. We do different things every year. One year we
decorated our tree with candles. My family has special candle
holders you can put on the tree so they will stay on without
burning it down.
We have homemade advent calendars, also. Instead of buying one
with little chocolates or toys, my mom hand makes little pouches
that we reuse every year. They include things we like, and there is
one for each of us. I have two siblings, so instead of having to
fight over who gets the tiny chocolate or toy inside the
store-bought ones, we are all happy with individual gifts.
Christmas is one of my favorite holidays of the year. I love all
the traditions we do, and Ill be sure to pass them on to the next
generation.
Nature Ornament
One ornament that you could make is the Nature Ornament. These
are the materials youll need and the steps youll take to
make them:
Materials:
Clear glass ball ornament(s)
Holly, Barberry, and
Evergreen (you can use any plant that you desire as long it
sticks to the Christmas spirit)
Steps:
1. You take the cap off of the glass ornament(s) carefully
2. Place small pieces of trimmed plant inside ornament(s)
carefully
3. Leave the cap off for 24 hours so that condensation does not
form
4. After waiting 24 hours, put the cap back on and put
thread through the top loop
My familys Christmas tree in 2012. It is a German Style of
decorating a tree. Candles are put in holders with wires that
Photo by Lasar McCabe
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17
Christmas TraditionsBy Alex Ueoka 21 and Jisella Saito 21
Christmas is a worldwide holiday, but there are many different
ways that people celebrate Christmas. From hanging mistletoe to
leaving cookies for Santa, we all have our own little
traditions.
Every year on Christmas Eve we eat dinner with my wife's huge
Catholic family. On Christmas morning, because my family is Jewish
we eat bagels, cream cheese and lox . In between my big breakfast I
try to go to the beach on Christmas Day to make room to eat again
that evening with my parents and their friends" Sixth grade math
and science teacher, Mr. Mark Eliashof, enjoys celebrating
Christmas traditions with his family and friends.
Santa is the prime figure of Christmas, but you might also know
him as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, or Kris Kringle. His
legendary curly white beard, red suit, rosy red cheeks, and black
buckled belt are what make up this cheerful man. In the North Pole,
he lives with Mrs. Claus and his trusted little elves that make our
wonderful presents according to the famous stories told to the
children of the world. We personally love all of the stories and
tales that we are told of that jolly old man with his
reindeers.
A tiny spruce tree covered in lights and ornaments, and filled
with Christmas spirit is another symbol for Christmas. And to top
it all off, an angel or star hangs upon the top of this
merry tree. Tucked under, are presents that await the tiny
children. To us, waking up to present wrapped just for you is the
perfect way to start off Christmas day.
Each year we go to our parents house and we have these boxes
with ornaments and we talk about the same ornaments every year.
Each ornament is a moment with its own little story. Sixth grade
humanities teacher, Ms. Danette Kobayashi loves this tradition with
her family.
To us, Christmas is such an enjoyable holiday. We love Christmas
and all of the many things we do to celebrate. Everything from
Santa to your cute little tree sitting in your house is what makes
up Christmas. So, we hope you have a holly, jolly Christmas!
Interesting Christmas FactsBy Nick Laa 19
Norwegian scientists have hypothesized that Rudolphs red
nose
is probably the result of a parasitic infection of his
respiratory system.
Each year more than 3 billion Christmas cards are sent in the
U.S.
alone.
In A.D. 350, Pope Julius I, bishop of Rome, proclaimed December
25 the
official celebration date for the birthday of Christ.
The tallest Christmas tree ever cut was a 221-foot Douglas fir
that was
displayed in 1950 at the Northgate Shopping Center in
Seattle,
Washington.
There are approximately 21,000 Christmas tree farms in the
United States. In 2008, nearly 45 million
Christmas trees were planted, adding to the existing 400 million
trees.
All the gifts in the Twelve Days of Christmas would equal 364
gifts.
The first artificial Christmas Tree wasnt a tree at all. It was
created out
of goose feathers that were dyed.
Mistletoe means little dung twig because the plant spreads
through
bird droppings.
The traditional three colors of Christmas are green, red, and
gold. Green has long been a symbol of life and rebirth; red
symbolizes the blood of Christ, and gold represents light as
well as wealth and royalty.
The most popular Christmas Song ever is
We Wish You a Merry Christmas. The song can be traced back to
England, but its author and composer remains
unknown.
Source: www.facts.randomhistory.com
Ms. Kobayashi loves to spend the holidays with her two daughters
(left) Megan, (right) Alayna.
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18
The Science of SnowBy Ivan Ruan20 and Jason Tay 20
When you think of Christmas, the first thing you think of is
snow. The magical white powder that falls from the sky. Snow is
created when the precipitation is in ideal conditions. This
wonderful substance can be hours of fun and is one of the things
that makes Christmas so special.
According to The Huffington Post, there are ice crystals in snow
that are the result of the water molecules that form a hexagonal
lattice. Ice is the simplest hydrogen bonded crystal. These
hexagonal lattice are formed when water vapor condenses, and snow
crystal.com states, when the snow crystals are small they formed
into the simple snowflake designs. When they are big, more complex
designs can be made.
In addition, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center,
ice is the key component for snow. In low temperatures, where there
is a minimal amount of moisture, a snow crystal is formed. These
snow crystals will combine together and form snow lacks.
If there are enough snowflakes combined together, the snowflakes
can be heavy enough to fall. This results in the snow that we see
and touch. The temperature must be at or below 0 Celsius or 32
Fahrenheit for snow to be able to form. It can be too hot for
snow
to form, but it is never too cold for snow to form.
According to Met office, there are different types of snow. Wet
snow and dry snow, make up the different types of snow. Snow that
falls through dry air becomes powdery, and thus it becomes dry
snow. To form wet snow, the temperature has be slightly above 0
Celsius or above the regular snow temperature,when the snow falls
to make the snow have a mushy texture and stick together really
easily.
After looking at how, and why snow forms, we can conclude that
the reason why we dont have snow is due to our climate. Having year
round weather that is usually above 60 Fahrenheit, snow can only
form in high altitudes such as Mauna Kea.
One reason why we dont have cold temperatures for snow in
Hawaii, is that we are within the Tropic of Cancer. All places
surrounding the Tropic of Cancer, have weather that is warm year
round.
So, if you want to have a white Christmas, go on top of Mauna
Kea where you are likely to see snow.
The Christmas Stocking: How It All StartedBy Ashley Broderick
20
Whats the first thing you do Christmas morning? Is it look to
see if Santa ate your cookies and milk? Or is it unwrapping your
gifts? The first thing I do on Christmas morning is look in my
Christmas stocking.
I love seeing the small things that are in the stocking rather
than the big things all wrapped up under the Christmas tree. The
tradition of the Christmas stocking has gone on for centuries, and
still brings joy to children today.
The custom of hanging and filling the Christmas stocking all
started with a man named St. Nicholas. Some of you may think that
St. Nicholas is Santa Claus, but Saint Nicholas was a man that
lived centuries ago with a very good heart.
St. Nicholas had very wealthy parents, but there was an
unfortunate epidemic going around. Nicholass
parent caught the sickness and died when he was young. Nicholass
uncle, named Nicholas also, raised him from then on.
Years passed, and one night Sir Nicholas heard of a man whose
wife had just died and was very poor. The man was afraid that his
three daughters
would not have enough money to pay the fee of marriage. Back
then the wife would have to give the husbands family dowries, or
property and money. If they didnt marry they would be have to get
distasteful jobs.
Sir Nicholas heard of the mans troubles and wanted to help him.
He disguised himself and took off in the night so nobody would
recognize him. He was very modest and didnt want the credit for
helping the girls. He decided to disguise himself so nobody would
recognize him. He got to their home, and saw they were sleeping.
Then Nicholas saw the girls stockings, which they had hung outside
their house to dry after being washed. Sir Nicholas got a brilliant
idea and decided to stick a bag of gold inside each of their
stockings.
Photo courtesy of Josette Huang 20
Josette Huang 20 and her friends have fun by skiing down
Colorado Spring.
Cool Snow Facts1. Snow isnt clearThe reason why the snow isnt
clear, is because of the complex shape of the snow crystals that
make the snow reflect light. The combination of all the colors make
the snow white.
2. Most snowfall ever recordedThis record occurred in Sliver
Lake, Colorado, in 1921, with 76 inches of snow, this was an
amazing record.
3. The Biggest snowflake recordedThis amazing snowflake was
found in Fort Keogh, Montana, with a record size of 15 inches
across, and 8 inches thick.4. How much yearly snow in USThe average
number of snowstorms in US every year is about 105 snowstorms.
These storms last about 2-5 days.
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19
Stores for Jeans: 5 Stores to shop for Girls Skinny
JeansAbercrombie Kids Prices range from $14.99 - $79.50 Stylish
Soft Wide selection for any type of jeans
Hollister Prices range from $69.50 - $79.50 Stylish Comfortable
Easy to move in
Levis Bold jeans price- $78.00 Demi jeans prices- $59.50 -
$98.00 Slight jeans price- $78.00. Great selection Wide variety
Jeans Warehouse Prices range from $9.99 - $39.99 Great selection
if looking for acid wash jeans Very affordable
Macys (Girls) Prices range from $29.62 - $58.00 Wide selection
in price of jeans and type of jeans
Its All About JeansBy Mia Gaughan 20, Leila Mukaigawa 20and
Maddy Seabolt 20
Jeans are the favorite clothing item in Middle School. They are
comfortable and versatile. Most likely you would see at least two
people wearing jeans in Middle School each day. They are a common
item of clothing.
Around 1872, Levi received a letter from one of his customers,
Jacob Davis. In his letter, Davis disclosed the unique way he made
pants for his customers, through the use of rivets at points of
strain to make them last longer. Davis wanted to patent this new
idea, but needed a business partner to get the idea off the ground.
Levi was enthusiastic about the idea. The patent was granted to
both men on May 20, 1873; the day the blue jean was born, states
www.levistrauss.com/our-story. Levis remains one of the leading
jeans brands until today. For the past years, skinny jeans are the
most popular in middle school. The style, fit and feel are
important factors when you are buying a pair of jeans. My favorite
jeans are Hollister jeggings because they are comfortable, said
Ashley Ching 20. Jeans should be soft and easy to move in at
Punahou School because our classes are sometimes in different
places on the campus. Rough and stiff jeans are uncomfortable to
move in. The most important thing is to find something comfortable
for you. Abercrombie Kids, Hollister, Levis, Jeans Warehouse, and
Macys are the middle school favorite stores for skinny jeans,
according to an informal poll by The Courier. Abercrombie Kids
skinny jeans prices range from $14.99 - $79.50. Hollister is very
similar to Abercrombie Kids, but the sizes at Hollister are larger.
Hollister skinny jeans prices range from $69.50 - $79.50. For more
affordable jeans, watch out for the clearance rack. Levis is the
original jean company. For the womens skinny jeans at Levis, there
are three categories to choose from based on body type. The
categories are Bold, Demi, and Slight. Bold jeans price is $78.00.
Demi jeans prices range from $59.50 - $98.00. Slight jeans are
$78.00. Jeans Warehouse does not have a wide selection of jeans,
but they are affordable- prices range from $9.99 - $39.99. Macys
has a wide selection of jeans that you might enjoy; Macys jeans for
girls sizes 7-16 range from $29.62 - $58.00. You can find these
stores at Ala Moana, Pearlridge, or Kahala Mall. Everyone has their
own opinions on jeans, so dont let the new trends affect your
personality and what you like. The new trends and styles may not
always be the best, and you may not like them. Sometimes theyre out
of dress code, and sometimes they are too expensive. However, there
are always jeans that are in dress code and not very expensive.
Find the style you like in dress code. You can get jeans at almost
any clothing store in Hawaii near you. Stay true to yourself, the
dress code, and your style. The prices for Abercrombie Kids,
Hollister, Levis, and Macys are from their Ala Moana store prices.
For Jeans Warehouse the prices are from their Kahala Mall
store.
Photo by Mia Gaughan
A pair of Abercrombie Kids embellished light wash skinny jeans
with zippers on the ankle. Photo taken by Leila Mukaigawa.
Jeans Warehouse offers a variety of jeans brands.
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20
The Blood of OlympusBy Liam Lynch 21
The Blood of Olympus release is bitter-sweet for the fans of
Rick Riordan because it is the final battle in the Heroes of
Olympus series. The 608 page book came out October. 7. It is on
sale at Costco for $12. I highly recommend it to everybody. It
would make a great holiday gift. This epic finale will have
hard-fought battles, hilarious moments, and it wouldnt be a Heroes
of Olympus book without cliff-hangers. It is about a group of
demigods and some magical creatures who are fighting to save the
fabric of the universe. There are too many battles to fit in this
article so you will just have to read it. The two biggest
adventures are Percy, Annabeth, Leo, Jason, Piper, Frank, and
Hazels battle against Gaea the earth mother. The other important
journey belongs to Nico, Reyna, and Coach Hedge the satyr. They are
bringing the Athena Parthenos to keep the peace between the two
demigod camps: Camp Half-Blood and Camp Jupiter. Although this
series is ending there are more books by Rick Riordan. For example,
the Percy Jackson series is along the same genre as The Heroes of
Olympus series. There is also the Kane Chronicles, based on
Egyptian mythology and Hallelujah! Rick Riordan is writing a new
series called Magnus Chase and The Gods of Asgard. Book one coming
in fall 2015, is called The Sword of Summer. So even if you have
read all the others there are more to come.
The Land Of Stories: The Wishing SpellBy Matthew Yi 21
The Land Of Stories: Wishing Spell is a fiction novel by Chris
Colfer. It was Published on July 17, 2012 and the first book out of
a series. This book reached
New York Times Best sellers list for five weeks and reached #1.
The Land Of Stories is 448 pages long.
The wishing spell is about two twins named Alex and Conner.
Conner is the cool funny kid that sleeps in class. Alex is the kind
of geek girl that has no friends but gets perfect grades. They were
raised with fairy tales and folklore stories all their childhood
and went to their grandmothers house occasionally. Their grandma
always read from one big book of stories to them.
Their father died a year before in a car accident. Since their
father died they didnt have enough money to stay in their big house
so they had to move in a rent house. They also couldnt do anything
for their birthday because they didnt have enough money. So their
mom invites their grandmother over for their birthday. As a
birthday present she gives them her story book. That night the book
starts to glow and she stays up all night trying to figure out what
is happening. After a week Conner notices Alex has been acting
strange. Conner keeps bugging her until one day at school. Conner
follows alex into the girls bathroom and finds out that the book
was glowing! Alex tells Conner its a portal and the Journey
begins.
I recommend this book to anybody who likes a good funny,
suspenseful, action story. The book is unique because it changes
the original story of the famous fairy tales or adds an ending or
continues the story. Its action packed and detailed, says Hana
Murphy 21.
Welcome to After School ArtBy Hana Murphy 21
A group of art-loving people meet in the Castle Hall art barn
for an art class after school on Mondays from three oclock to four
oclock. There are many students that love it. Its a time where we
can be creative, says Lura Looper 21. We can be creative and we
dont care what other people think because its free! says Charlene
Abanes 19.
You dont have to pay or sign up for the class. It is a walk-in
walk-out class, and everyone is welcome to go one time or every
week. You can decide what type of art project you would like to do.
Choose your art form from the following choices: Watercolor
(paint), tempera (paint), cray-pas (oil pastel), colored pencils,
clay, and other types of paint.
You dont need to bring anything to the class. All the items are
provided. It is a time for Middle School students have fun with
art. I love making cups out of clay while talking to my
friends.Mrs. Green says its a chance to bring out your inner
creativity; a chance for Middle Schoolers to mix up and relax. I
personally love it, the other students love it, and so does Mrs.
Green. Mrs. Greens mission for after school art is about
comfortably making art. You can interact with other middle school
students from other grades.
Students can make pots out of clay.
Students come to make clay and paint their artwork.
Photo taken by Hana Murphy 21
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21
The School Lily PondBy Erika Agena 21
The Lily Pond is a gathering place in Punahou School. Olivia
McCabe 21 remembers My friends and I had a drawing club and we
would sit by the palm trees next to the Lily Pond to
collaborate.
It is also a place for cherished memories. I remember when I was
in first grade, a boy didnt want to attend class, so he threw
himself in the Lily Pond, recalls Harlow Thomas 21.
The Lily Pond also brings up other memories. It was crystal
clear so people took baths and got their drinking water from it.
They also got water for their crops from the Lily Pond.
In the past, freshwater shrimp (opae), crayfish, mosquito fish
(meidaca) catfish, tadpoles, toads, green frogs, some sort of pleco
or bottom feeders, and 3 very large orange koi.
The creatures today are pacu, microscopic copepod, tilapia,
mosquito fish, red devils, a few catfish, 3 or 4 bass, 5 Oscars, an
Arowana or two, about 100 Koi, a number of turtles. There are also
different kinds of turtles. One type is the red-eared turtle. There
are soft-shelled turtles.
Back then, around the Lily Pond, there was a wall to protect the
children from falling in. When Punahou built the chapel in 1967,
they destroyed the wall. Also, people are feeding the fish bread,
which has yeast and oil in it which isnt good for them.
But now, the Lily Pond is quite filthy. Now, the Lily Pond water
is still pretty clear, but it is scattered with trash. Since the
wall isnt there anymore, more rubbish and twigs and leaves can flow
into the Pond easier. Mr. Higgins said, I want the Lily Pond to
last a long time. Someday, I was hoping Punahou would dig waterways
connected to the Lily Pond so the students can plant taro in the
water so they can learn about them. Also, the waterways will help
the Lily Pond get its water to move around to clean itself to make
the Lily Pond cleaner.
The Lily Pond is a special place so we should try conserve it
and keep it clean so the pond will stay clear and so it will stay
for generations to come.
No Matter What Happens, Never Give UpBy Tyson Lin `21
You're trying to finish your homework but you have 2 hours of
math and science homework, a 5 page essay is due the next day, you
have football practice, and you still have to practice
your violin. But no matter what happens, never give up. Harlow
Thomas says, I was in karate class and we were supposed to punch
each other in the belly. so when my partner punched me. I cried but
I had to hold it in and suck it up so I could get my purple belt.
Take, for example, three people: Colonel Sanders, Thomas Edison,
and J.K. Rowling.Colonel Sanders was the founder of KFC (Kentucky
Fried Chicken). He became world famous for marketing his homemade
fried chicken. He started by
cooking his chicken for different restaurants. If the owner
liked the chicken, he or she would agree to sell Sanders' chicken
at his or her restaurant. Sanders was turned down 1,009 times
before his chicken was accepted. In 1976, Sanders was the world's
second most recognizable celebrity. It's amazing how a man, 65
years old (when most people retire), built a global empire of fried
chicken. (http://yourstory.com)Thomas Edison invented the light
bulb. While in the process of inventing it, he made 1,000
unsuccessful attempts. He quotes, "I have not failed 1,000 times, I
have just found 1,000 times it won't work.J.K. Rowling is the
author of the Harry Potter books. Her life describes a "rags to
riches" story. Seven years after graduating from college, Rowling
saw herself as a failure. She had an unsuccessful marriage, jobless
with a young child, but she still focused on her writing. When she
published the first book, everybody loved it. She then
continued on page 22
Photo by Courtney Serna 21These flowers in the Lily Pond close
when it is rainy, and open when its sunny.
Photo by Erika Agena 21The Lily Ponds walls are gone because the
chapel was built.
Photo by Courtney Serna21Turtles are abundant in the Lily
Pond.
Phot
os b
y Ty
son
Colonel Sanders founded KFC after being rejected 1,009 times
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22
No Matter What Happens, Never Give Up continued
published the final book in 2007. It sold 11 million copies
during the first day in the United States and the United Kingdom.
She became famous. (www.wikipedia.org)So next time youre about to
feed your homework to your dog or throw away your violin, remember,
never give up.
8X CANival Raises 380 CansBy Alexa Wong 19
On November 19, team 8X held their 3rd annual CANival to collect
cans for the Punahou canned food drive that happened from November
4 through 21.
The students came up with different booths such as skee ball,
face painting, balloon darts, and a photo op with Santa.
Visiting students from grades 4-8 gave a can to play one game or
get a snack. For a canned meal students could get double chances at
the game or double the amount of snacks. After playing the game,
they would earn script which they could redeem at the prize
exchange booth. Team 8X was able to raise about 380 cans.
Many students and teachers participated t make CANival a
success. I liked that it was a fun and entertaining way to earn
cans for those who need the food. CANival was a great way to spend
my lunch and was a time I met new people. I liked the fun games and
the good energy that was flowing throughout our teamspace, Duke
Clemens 19 stated.
I really loved that CANival brings together students from all
over. We had students from 5th-8th grade visit our team space. It
also gives our team an opportunity to work together for such a
great cause. Everyone had a lot of fun and we raised over 380 cans
of food, exclaims Mrs. Shimabuku, 8X teacher and team leader.
Mr. Jim Smarts 4th grade class also attended the CANival.
I thought that the CANival was fun and exciting because I never
went there before so everything was new to me and I thought the
prizes were awesome, remarked Marcus Herrera 23.
Famous People Who Never gave Up
1. Elvis PresleyElvis Presley got fired after his first
performance. He then went on to becoming one of the second best
selling artist of all time.
2. Steve JobsSteve Jobs was fired from Apple, the company he
started. When he was eventually able to return to Apple, he created
the iPod, the iPhone, and the iPad.
3. Michael JordanMichael Jordan was cut from his high school
basketball team. But that didnt stop him from playing the game. I
have failed over and over again in my life, he quotes, and that is
why I succeed."
4. Oprah WinfreyOprah Winfrey was fired from her job as a
television reporter and was told she was unfit from TV. Seven years
later, she would have her own TV channel, OWN.
5. Walt DisneyWalt Disney was fired from his job because he was
told he lacked imagination and good ideas. He also tried to get MGM
studios to distribute Mickey Mouse but was told it would never
work.
Josh Uchima 23 and Ms. Mazzullo enjoying their prizes after
CANival.
Photos by Courier Staff and Mrs. Beyer
Lauren Peiler 19 gets her face painted from talented 8X
artists.Wilder Worral 19 poses as a tiger at the 8X CANival Face
Painting Booth.
Penny Toss was a popular game at CANival. 8X students created
all the booths and games.
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23
Interview with Coach HigginsBy Jason Olaru 21
The Courier interviewed Coach Higgins, because as a PE teacher
for half of the 6th grade. He is an inspiration to many of his
students and he helps all of them improve at sports, and helps them
all find the sport for them.1. What made you want to be a
teacher?The reason why I wanted to be a teacher is because I wanted
to work with kids. I had had very good PE teachers who were very
caring and helped me learned the skills of how to play different
games. The gift of their knowledge wanted to make me share it with
others.2. How long have you been a teacher?This is my 25th year of
teaching, and my 26th year of coaching. I havent done all of my
years of teaching here at Punahou though.3. Where were you born and
raised?I was born and raised here in Honolulu. I lived on campus
for the first 9 years of my life. Then my family moved to the
slopes of Koko Head. I grew up on the shoreline before Hawaii Kai
was developed.4. What sports did you play in high school and/or
college?I played football in high school and college. I also played
basketball and baseball in high school.5. What classes do you
coach, besides half of the 6th grade boys?I coach a quarter of the
8th grade boys also. I also teach an advisory in 8th grade. I also
coach JV and Varsity Punahou paddling for 25 years and Punahou boys
varsity paddling for 14 years. I also have been coaching JV and
intermediate football 24 years.6. If you could go anywhere in the
world, where would you go?Tahiti, and New Zealand, and Australia! I
know theyre friendly places where people have mixed culture. In
Tahiti, for example, there are Tahitians and a little bit of
French; in Australia and New Zealand, there are the Aborigines and
Mauris, and there is also a British touch. I think it is also very
geographically beautiful in all these places.7. What is your
favorite thing to do besides coaching?I love to do bodysurfing,
boardsurfing and hunting for seashells.8. What advice would you
give to someone who wants to play a new sport?Be very patient.
Listen to your coaches instruction. Practice, practice practice,
and have a good positive attitude for learning.9. Do you have any
pets?I sort of co-own with my son. Theyre kind of his dogs but
theyre kind of my dogs too. Theyre 3 dogs.10. What is your favorite
sport?My favorite sport is football. I love it because it
challenged me to learn about my physical capability. Its a sport
that allows you to be combative, in a legal way.
Do Red Haired People Feel Pain Differently?by Sejin Park and
Cruz Mercado class 21
Red haired people are striking. You can always spot them in a
crowd, especially in Hawaii. The main character in Anne of the
Green Gables, has red hair which sparked our interest on red haired
people. Studies by Science Nordic prove that people the genes which
makes hair red- melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) makes red haired
people feel pain differently. Red haired people are more sensitive
to coldness and heat and are resistant to some painkillers,
compared to blondes and brunettes, states the study.
On the other hand, it is a proven fact that people with red hair
are less sensitive to stings and pricks. Red haired people can
also, interestingly, handle spicy food better than others.
Professor Lars Arendt-Nielsen, one of the researchers, said,
Our test shows that redheads are less sensitive to this
particular type of pain. They react less pressure to the injected
area, or to a pinprick. They seem to be a little better protected,
and that is a really interesting finding. They found out that this
reaction could also be caused by the MC1R.
According to the Genetics Home Reference, the MC1Rs provide
melanocytes that create 2 kinds of melanin; eumelanin and
pheomelanin. People with mostly eumelanin have brown or black hair
and skin that tans easily. Eumelanin also protects skin from UV
radiation. People with mostly Pheomelanin have blonde or red hair,
freckles, and pale skin that don't get tan very well. Pheomelanin
does not protect skin from UV.
The National Geographic states that scientific experiments shows
redheads were harder to anesthetize, meaning the drug that help
people feel less pain did not work very efficiently. It also says
that the (MC1R) can unintentionally activate receptors in their
brain that processes anxiety and pain.
Red haired people are not only striking, they are also
scientifically tougher than most people.
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24
Most Active Volcanoes in the WorldSource:
www.10mosttoday.com
1. Eyjafjallajkull, IcelandThis ice cap covers the caldera of a
volcano with a summit elevation of 1,666 meters. The 2010 eruption
caused enormous disruptions to air travel across western and
northern Europe. About 20 countries closed their airspace to
commercial jet traffic and it affected more than 100,000
travelers.
2. Mount Vesuvius, ItalyLocated just 9 km. east of Naples,
making it the most densely populated volcanic region in the entire
world. Mount Vesuvius last erupted in 1944, but the most memorable
eruption was the massive eruption of 79 AD, where it buried Pompeii
under a blanket of ash.
3. Sakurajima, JapanAn active volcano and former island. The
lava flows of the 1914 eruption caused the former