VOLCANOES
Jan 13, 2016
VOLCANOES
What is a volcano?Areas of earth’s surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass
Magma flows from volcanoes transfer heat and thermal energy from Earth’s mantle to the surface
What’s inside a volcano?• Volcano comes from the Roman word Vulcan,
which means “fire”
EruptionsExplosive Eruptions
Two products from an explosive eruptionAsh fallPyroclastic materials
EruptionsNon-explosive Eruptions
Characterized by outpouring of lava on to the ground
Three Main Type of Volcanoes
Shield VolcanoShape: Very gentleSize: : Large, over 10 kilometers acrossMaterials: fluid lava flows (basalt)Eruption Type: Quiet
http://www.tourismontheedge.com/places/erta-ale-the-smoking-mountain-of-ethiopia.html
http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/volcanoes.html
Ash and Cinder ConeShape: Steep conical hill with straight sides.Size: Small, less than 300 meters highMaterials: cinders, pyroclastic materialsEruption type: Highly Explosive
Stratovolcano (Composite)MOST COMMON TYPE
Shape: Gentle lower slopes, but steep upper slopes; concave upward
Size: Large, 1-10 kilometers in diameter
Materials: numerous layers of lava and pyroclastics
Eruption type: Explosive
http://curriculum.kcdistancelearning.com/courses/EARTHSCIx-HS-U10/a/unit04/es_4.c.9.html http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/volcanic_landforms/volcano_types_2.html
Other Types of
Volcanoes
Dome VolcanoA dome volcano forms from explosions of material out of the vent and the collapse of material back into vent
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_dome
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/sage/geology/lesson3/concepts.html
CalderaA caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed
from a much larger depression that forms when the magma chamber empties and its roof collapses.
Crater Lake in Oregon, formed when a caldera filled with water.
http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/caldera.htm
http://curriculum.kcdistancelearning.com/courses/EARTHSCIx-HS-U10/a/unit04/es_4.c.9.html
Fissure VolcanoA fissure volcano forms when lava erupts from long cracks, or fissures, and spreads out evenly (thousands of km)
http://woostergeologists.scotblogs.wooster.edu/2010/02/22/ http://www.inmagine.com/drk008/drk008340-photo