VOL. 17 MAY - 2021 ISSUE : 05 Rs. 2=00 Accelerating ...

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THE OFFICIAL THE OFFICIAL

MONTHLY BULLETIN OF MONTHLY BULLETIN OF

DHARWAD LOCAL CENTREDHARWAD LOCAL CENTRE

THE OFFICIAL

MONTHLY BULLETIN OF

DHARWAD LOCAL CENTRE

Editorial Board : Er. S. S. Navalgund, Er. V. N. Desai, Er. Rashmi HiremathEditorial Board : Er. S. S. Navalgund, Er. V. N. Desai, Er. Rashmi HiremathEditorial Board : Er. S. S. Navalgund, Er. V. N. Desai, Er. Rashmi Hiremath

CHAIRMAN : HON. SECRETARY :

VOL. 17 MAY - 2021 ISSUE : 05 Rs. 2=00

Dear Members,

Dr. Ramesh L. Chakrasali Er. V. H. Totiger

ET - Talk

FROM THE DESK OF CHAIRMAN

Digital technologies are used to create new or modify the existing processes, culture, consumers experiences to meet changing needs of business, industry, market and s o c i e t y . T h u s , d i g i t a l transformation is redefining or reimagining of business in the present digital era. This is becoming possible due to the spectacular and unprecedented growth of electronic, computing and communication technologies. The core components of digital transformation includes overhaul of processes, operations and customer relation. Accelerating digital transformation initiative help the organizations proactively cover the interest of the stakeholders and sustainability into their digital growth and business transformations.Use of artificial intelligence into service organization is a very good example of the power of digital transformation. AI-powered chat box that answer simple customer inquiries serve as a welcoming presence on the website thereby avoiding the customers to wait for reaching an agent.Digital transformation success

requires bringing together and coordinating sustained efforts in four inter-related domains viz. technology, data, process, or organizational change capability.More than anything else, digital transformation requires talent. Indeed, constituting the right team of technical experts, data, and process to work together may be the single most important step for an organization to accelerate the transformation. Let's look at the talent needed in each of the four domains in turn.Technology: The Internet of Things, block chain, data lakes, artificial intelligence etc. are b e c o m i n g e a s i e r t o u s e , understanding how any particular t e chno logy con t r i bu t e s t o transformational opportunity, adapting that technology to the specific needs of the business, and integrating it with existing systems will help the acceleration. Data: The data must be up to basic standards and the rigors of transformation require much better data quality and analytics. Transformation almost certainly involves understanding new types of unstructured data, big data and integrating the data.Process: Transformation requires comprehensive rethinking of ways for seamless connection of work activities. In building talent in this domain look for the ability to improve existing processes and

design new ones and a strategic plan to know when incremental process improvement is sufficient a n d w h e n r a d i c a l p r o c e s s reengineering is necessary.Capability of Organization to undergo Change: This includes leadership, teamwork, courage, emotional intelligence and other elements of change management. It is important to note that anyone r e s p o n s i b l e f o r d i g i t a l transformation must be familiar in the area. The leaders shall search for people with excellent and requ is i t e sk i l l s . Thus , the technology as the engine of digital transformation, data as the fuel, process as the guiding system and organizational change capability as the landing gear and making them function together will result i n a c c e l e r a t e d d i g i t a l transformation. Finally, digital transformation can and should be focused on problems of greatest need to the society. Specially in pandemic situations accelerating the digital transformation is expected to ease out many problems and keep moving the wheel. Once again, engineers are obliged to play a role for the comfort of the society.

Accelerating Digital Transformation

With Regards

Dr. Ramesh L. ChakrasaliChairman

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Editorial.....

Er. S. S. Navalgund

Editor

With Regards

Dear readers,thEvery year, the“National Technology Day” is observed on 11 May to highlight the

important role of Science in our daily lives and encourage students to opt science as an

option for a career. On this day Shakti, the Pokhran nuclear test was held on 11 May,

1998.The day acts as a reminder of the country's technological advancements.

The test had several implications. It announced to the world that India is also a nuclear-power enabled

country. The key difference when compared to other nations is that the country emphatically said that

the usage of nuclear power would be limited only for peaceful purposes. The time has been a testimony

of the above statement.

Pokhran nuclear tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian

Army's Pokhran Test Range. The nation successfully fired Operation Shakti missile at the Indian Army's

Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan, the first among the five nuclear tests in Pokhran. The test was led by

aerospace engineer and late President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. Later, the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari

Vajpayee declared India a nuclear state, making it the sixth country to join the 'nuclear club' of nations.

There are some other significances of the day such as the first, indigenous aircraft “Hansa-3” was test

flown at Bangalore on this day.

This day has been celebrated with different themes over the years. In the year 2016, the theme was

“Technology enablers of Startup India”. The theme for year 2017 was “Technology for inclusive and

sustainable growth”. Since sustainable growth has been taking up center stage, the theme for National

Technology day 2018 was “Science and Technology for a sustainable future”.Last year saw the theme as

“RESTART- Rebooting the Economy through Science, Technology and Research Translations”. It is of

great importance that our engineers and scientists, ably backed by other domains of life/society, have

been doing a great job, and serving the nation.

This is a matter of pride for all the Indians.

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ON WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY FOR IEI NEWS

World Environment Day5th June 2021

Theme: Ecosystem Restoration

World Environment Day takes place every year on 5 June. It is the United Nations� flagship day for promoting worldwide awareness and action for the environment. Over the years, it has grown to be the largest global platform for environmental public outreach and is celebrated by millions of people across the world. This year�s observance of World Environment Day will be on the theme of �ecosystem restoration� and focus on resetting our relation with nature. It will also mark the formal launch of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021 � 2030.2020 was a year of reckoning, facing multiple crises, including a global pandemic and the continued crises of climate, nature and pollution. In 2021, we must take deliberate steps to move from crisis to healing: and in so doing, we must recognize that the restoration of nature is imperative to the survival of our planet and the human race. The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021 � 2030 is intended to massively scale up the restoration of degraded and destroyed ecosystems to fight the climate crisis, prevent the loss of a million species and enhance

ET - Talk3

The invention of first transistor in the year 1947 and the subsequent invention of MOSFET in the year 1959, were the soul of processing and the computing systems. These systems were typically the size of rooms for simple processing back then.It was in the year of 1971, when Intel introduced the first microprocessor 4004 that revolutionized the processor industry in many ways, especially with parameters such as speed, power, more importantly the chip size with form factors the size of a coin. And since then, the VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) industry has been evolving following Moore's law, “Transistor count increased by 2x every 18 months (technology generation)” to reduce the area and improve the performance. Alongside, there are others laws the systems followed over years such as Bell's law which suggest for every 10 years the class of computer size reduced by 100x. As shown in the figure 1, 2010s was decade of smart phones with the size being defined in terms of centimetres. With the advances in human interface devices such as smart watches, health monitoring systems, security systems, the size of computing systems has been reducing. In the coming decade, industry will be revolutionized with Internet-of-Things with the system/chip size in the range of millimetres to Internet-of-Tiny-Things which can be even smaller with a market of Terra Units as shown in the figure 2.

Introduction to Energy Harvesting for IoT nodesMr. Praveenakumar Salamani

Research Associate, Green-IC group, Dept of ECENational University of Singapore, Singapore

Figure 1: Gordon Bell's Law of computer classes���

Figure 3: IoT Architecture for

Power Management System

Figure 2: Market size against Bell's Law

The power constraint on IoT nodes is due to the size of the nodes, which should be in the range of millimetres. With such form-

factor the commercial batteries can provide in the range of 5µAh-50µAh. In most cases the IoT nodes may be placed at

inaccessible locations for applications such as structural integrity monitors, nuclear plant sensors or sometimes health

monitoring systems with sensors inserted in human body parts to provide vital information and hence inaccessible to replace

the battery. With such constraints, it is of importance to charge the batteries periodically from the ambient energies such that

the systems can sustain for a long time and with efficient power reduction techniques even become energy autonomous

systems.

Amongst the different modules of an IoT node, Radios are the most power-hungry with typical power consumption in the

order of Milliwatts. If the sensor data happened to be transmitted, then the system will need power in the range of hundreds of

microwatts to milliwatts. A research in the year 2009, presented that if the data is locally analysed and transmitted with final

computed data packets from IoT devices using the Radio, then the power of the entire system can be reduced drastically down

to few microwatts. With energy efficient computing and duty-cycled operations, the overall power of an IoT node can be

optimized to be in the range of few hundreds of nanos to few hundreds of microwatts.

Ambient energy is around us in several forms such as solar, heat, vibrations or in some cases targeted RF energy sources.

Physicists and chemists are putting efforts to harvest energy with more efficiency by inventing new compound materials.

Another aspect where the efficiency of energy extraction is improved is through clever circuit design techniques. Using the

photovoltaic cells, the photon-energy from the sun/light sources can be converted to DC voltages. Typical solar cells harvest

during the day light and charge the battery, while during the night battery provides the energy to the system, which works well

for large systems and even power grids. For IoT nodes being in remote locations the available light or other forms of energy is

low and hence circuits must be capable of harvesting even in dark ambient light and charge the battery around the clock. These

energy harvesters, now an integral part of the IoT nodes typically harvest in the range of 100 lux to 200 lux, which is indoor 2

lighting levels such as office, to as high as 100000 lux which is direct sun-light (1 lux=10nW/mm ) of incident power. Hence,

a need for energy harvester and power converter which can harvest in the range of few tens of lux to hundreds of thousand lux,

covering a wide range of input power levels from pico-Watts to micro-Watts is seen and research community is focusing its

effort in these areas. Such research can help make the planet a little greener than it is today.

If not delivered please return to :The Institution of Engineers (India)Dharwad Local Centre, Sir M. Visvesvaraya RoadD.C. Compound, Dharwad -1.Ph. : (0836) 2742979e-mail : [email protected]

PRINTED MATTERPublished on : 25-5-2021

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4 ET - Talk

Printed by V. C. Ghantennavar, Published by Er. M. B. Parappagoudar, on behalf of The Institution of Engineers (I) Local Centre, Dharwad and Printed at Om Offset Printers, Fort, Dharwad - 580 008 and published at Dharwad, Editor : Er. S. S. Navalgund, The Institution of Engineers (I) Local Centre, Dharwad

From the Desk of Honorary Secretary

Dear Members

Recorded Talk on 04.05.2021 on the topic Fuel Efficiency Enhancement of Modified Diesel Engine Operated in Dual fuel Mode Using Renewable and Sustainable Fuels by Mr. Sushrut S. Haledawadimath Asst. Prof. Mechanical Engg. Dept. KLE Institute of Technology, Hubballi

National Technology Day was held on 11 .05 .2021 th rough recorded ta lk by Dr.S.S.Kerur E & C SDM College of Engineering & Tech Dharwad on the topic “ Overview of Real Time Embedded Systems and Its Application ”.

World Telecommunication and Information Society Day was held through google meet on 17.05.2021 Dr. B.G.Sheeparmatti Professor E & C Department BEC Bagalkot was the Chief Guest.

Recorded talk on Scientific Computing Using Python on 18.05.2021 by Dr.S.S.Navalgund Faculty Member Dept. Of E & C SDM College of Engineering & Tech Dharwad

I thank all the resource persons/ speakers and members for their support and encouragement for this activity.

With best wishes

Er. Vijaykumar H. TotigerHon. Secretary

Folowing activities are conducted during the month :

food security water supply and livelihoods. Reviving natural carbon sinks � such as forests and wetlands � could help close the climate emissions gap by 25% by 2030. Replanting with native tree species can also help buffer some of the expected devastating effects of a warming planet, such as increased risk of forest fires. Currently, 3.2 billion people � 40% of the world�s population� suffer from the continued degradation of ecosystems, for example by losing access to fertile soil or safe drinking water. The United Nations General Assembly has declared the years 2021 through 2030 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations together with the support of other partners will lead the event to prevent, halt, and reverse the loss and degradation of ecosystems worldwide. It aims at reviving hundreds of millions of hectares, covering terrestrial as well as aquatic ecosystems. A global call to action, the UN Decade draws together political support, scientific research, and financial muscle to massively scale up restoration. To achieve restoration at the required scale, incentives and financial investments must be made in changing the way lands and oceans are exploited, in research and education, and in inspiring a movement of people, businesses and governments through celebrating success stories.