VOL. 16, Ix/o. 1O, OCTOBER 2OO2 - VCoins Community

Theelatof

VOL. 16, Ix/o. 1O, OCTOBER 2OO2

. ROMAN PROVINCIAL COINS II: TLIE S'IA'I'UOS IN 'f Ht: TF:MPLES At\"D SHRINES -PERSONIFIED GEOGKA,I'HY. POWERF-UL GODS AND YOUNG HEROES

. .JUST MY CL|UI)IUS II ANT'S WORTH

. TN THE EYE OF THE BEHOI,DIiR

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Online Electronic Auctions by Tom Cederlind. (Our firstauction, including quality ancient coins in all price ranges,

will be held very soon.) Be sure to register to participate atwww. tomcederlind.com.

I TOM CEDERI,INDPO Box 1963, Dept. CPordand. OR 97207(503) 228-2746 Fax (503) 228-8130Email: [email protected]

V re Celator" Incorpor:u ing

Romall Coins (Jil(l Cuflure

Publisher/Editor Kerry K. Wetterstrolll

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www.celator.com 100 Ceiatrx (ISSN 111048-0986) is fII1 iodepenOOn1 journal published on the first day oI(!aCh m:;o:l!h al 87 AprioctAve, Leola, PA 17540. It is circoJlated ~ar.

natiooaN~ through sub6cflptions and special distributions Subscription ratM , payable "" U,S. 1I.nds, afe $30 peryear (Periodical rate) IWtIi:1Ile Vnled States: S36IOCanada; $48 pefyear 10 lIII 0Ihet addresses (1$ALj. M.<enisIng and oop; dea(ljne is the firs4 ~y 01 each ~,lklsoIidted801i::ies and news r&­leases at .. W91c>:me. howev9r po.i:IIica. lion C!WIOI be guara<Ued. Unless eK· pressly stated. 71!<9 c.taW~ en­dorses nor is responstie for !he coo­tenlsol~. ~1h&­ed/klr, foo!IJre ri:les, reguaoolurnns and press rd9a5es i'I its peges. i'Idud­ng My opi'jon$ SIaIed IfIerein, and the aauacyolN'ldata P'o:Mded byitso;cn. IriJin. ~ P06UIO&P'Od (USPS l1OO6077) l.8ncasIe<. PA 17503 and ao. ..... -

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FEATURES

6 Roman Provincial Coins II: The Statues in the Temples and Shrines - Person Hied Geogra­phy, Powerful Gods and Young Heroes by Cornelius Vermeule

22 Just My Claudius II Ant's Worth by Finn Johannessen

34 In the Eye of the Beholder by Dick Eidswick

DEPARTMENTS

2 Editor's Note - Coming Next Month

4 Letters to the Editor

32 People in the News - Profiles in Numismatics

33 Art and the Market

36 Coming Events

40 Ask the Experts by James A. Hauck

42 The Internet Connection by Thorn Bray & Kevin Barry

45 Al1tiq\-titics by David Liebert

46 \lI:oi ns of tpe JlJible by David Hendin

47 cr:hrough the £ooking t;jlass by Wayne G. Sayles

48 The Other Side by Phillip Davis

50 Cartoon

51 Professional Directory

59 Classifieds - Index 01 Advertisers

60 Crossword Puzzle by Bill Leubrie

Vol. 16, No. 10 October 2002

Consecutive Issue No. 184

Page 22

Page 34

About the cover: Model of a fountain-house with Nilus, a Sphinx, and fianking niches for Romano­Egyptian statues. Coor1esy. Museum 01 Fine Arts, Bos­ton.

The Gelator office will be closed Thursday and Fri­day, October 241h & 2511'1 lor the P.A.N . show in Monro­eville, PA. Office hours are general­ly 11AM to 6PM EST, except fo r Tuesdays (9 AM-2 PM).

EDITOR'S NOTE

The leiter from Mike Byers of Lake Forest, California

that was printed on page 38 of ]a<;! month's magazine ~ms to have "struck a nerve" with several of our readers. I believe some fur­thcr explanation is due. both for Byers' leiter, and for my own opinions regarding the "slabbing" (third-party certified coins encapsulated in plastic that resemble "tombstones" hence their slang nickname of "slabs") of ancient coins.

I TOCCi vcd two letter; in response \0 Byers' ICller. The first fmm Richard Wiegand and another from Brian Holland, but fi rst a linle bit of background information about Mr. Byers and his letter. Mike is a professional numismmistJdcrucr thaI has dealt in U.S., world and ancient coinage for many years, rut mainly in rare U.s. coinage. When he writes of a ''resurgence of the ancient coin market" he is not speaking of our traditional ancient coin market thai we all know and [ave,

that the encapsulation of ancient coins will invite the more sleazy element of the indus­try to ex ploit the market (i.e., certain telemarketcrs, etc.), well, unfonun.1tely they have al ready been here. Just ask those indi­viduals that purchased coins from varioos, nowdcfuocl, finns that operated in the 1980's unti l the Federal Trade Commission caught up with them." And unfortunately, they are still here and probably always will be, and yes, they will probably "abuse" the practice of selling cnti.lpsulated third-pany graded, ancient coins. But at least the coin will be gu.."lraIllccd by a reputable fi nn (I.e.G.) to be authentic and gmdcd accur.uely in M. opin­ion. (By the way, 1 would not accept adver­tising from LCG. ifl didoothavetheutmosl

"Will the "slabbing" of ancient coins min Ollr hobby? I doubt it as f jllst

Offended Mo "eoileetor" shows this weekend, the first a /Xl/Jer mOlley show, and [he seeond a geneltll coin show, Gnd the collectors were out in jon:e, buying whntevertheychose, "raw" or 'slabbed", (Uldelljoying their hobby!"

but of a market that most of us are either not aware of or pay little allention 10 - a market for"tmditionar ' collectors (Le" U.S. coin col­lcctors), that have "shied away from buying ancient coins" as he states. And this is cor­rect from his ]Xlint of view. It is oot "rub­bish" as Mr. Holland asserts. This market is rc:.~ , but you have to know where to look for it, if you carr: enough. (And there are plenty of "slabbed" ancient coins at the larger c0n­

ventions, but again you have to know who to ask in order to see them).

When lndep:!ndent Coin Gmding (I .C.O.) first announced that they were going to cer­tify and encapsulate ancient coins. I devoted part of W1 editorial to this decision (sec 7/1£ Cewtor's "Point of Yiew," December 1999, p..1ge 2). I wrote that: "After some serious consideration, I have decided that a coin en­capsulated in plastic is just another fonn of stor.lge, albeit an expensive ooc." I sti ll be­lieve this. I also wrote: "And if you belic\'c

faith in and respect fOf the individuals in­volved in this finn, mainly J.P. Martin, Keith Love rulCl Jrunes 1".lylor).

Will the "slabbing" of rulCient coins ruin our hobby? J doubt it as I just attended two "collector" shows this weekend, the fir.;t a paper money show. and the second a gener.1l coin show, and the collector.; were out in force, buying whatever they chose. ''raw'' or 'slabbed", and enjoying IDriLhobby!

You probably noticed several "spac­ing" error.; in the September issue. most notab ly in the head lin es for Ma rc Breitsprecher, Rob Rutherford, and Tom Bilotla's articles as we ll as the display ads for Freeman & Scar and Olenn W. Woods. This was an unfonunate error caused by a COlTIlpt font used by my printer, hence it did not show up on my computer. I do apologize for thc..;c unsighdy errors and hopefully it will not happen again.

~, . . COMING NEXT ";C' MONTH

IN THE CELATOR®

Good Help is Hard to Find: 711e Mint of London Cirm the Reign of Coenwuif of Mercia

by E. Tomlinson Fort

Veiled and Draped Bust Right by lames Bakes

Unevenly Split Coin: A Misfired Blow

by Pierre R Monney

71,e Pharaoh and The Prophet by George Burden

AND COMING SOON

Counienllarks on Popular Ancient Silver Coins

by Prof, 0,., JW van der Dussen

On the Rood to Emmalls,

Which Nicopolis? by Mark Dunning

Coinage For Redeeming 71,e First fum: An Ancient &

Modern Jewish Ritual by Ronn Berrol

The Coins oj Pompeii by Marvin Tameanko

An Unrecorded Cilician Type Combination and Tconography

by John Mixt.,.

Julia Mamaea-A Warnan in Omrge?

by Jasper K Bums

711e Philosophy oj Collecting by Frank G Stewart

Swimming River Gods in Ancient Cilician

Numisma tics by Bekiocan Tahberer

([.he edA.1dt is M meA t o'l Md dedictlted to the com di£-eniiM U<"lS ot Mtiq uit1f

"'hose tlH u mtlins tlS po",e~tu( tlnd tl pPetl(inii todtl'f tlS in thei1 o",n t ime.

2 The Gelator

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October 2002 3

,Ii Does "Righties vs. Lefties"

Make Sense?

John Twente's leiter in July's Cefator (Righties versus l efties) might make common sense, but does it make celator sense? If right [handed] dominant people really favor righi-facing portraits, then a celalor cutt ing into a die right-faced would be producing coins with left fac­ings. The same would be true if you made an intaglio die. You wou ld have to cut the die horizontally flipped of how you expect the struck image to be . Or am I just backward?

Rev. Darren R. Erickson Yuma, Arizona

Bar Kochba Did Not Build the Third Temple

Dr. Goldstein in his lener (The Celator, Aug. 2002, pg. 4) insists that Bar Kochba buill a Third Temple. He presents this ar­gument by confusing evidence with proof, and by quoting marginal or irre levant sources, The Babylonian Talmud (Taanit. 26b) mentions that the destructions of the first Temple (by Nebuchadnetzarl and of the second Temple (byTitusl, occurred on the same calendar date (the 9th day of the month of Av) as the conquest of Betar by Hadrian. Betar was the last stronghold of Bar Kochba.

The Jewish people consider the de­struction of the Temples such catastrophic events that to this day the 9th day of Av is

devoted to fasting and mourning. Had Bar Kochba built a Temple, destroyed by Hadrian, the Talmud would have certainly mentioned it. Maimonides in his introduc­tion to his Code, the Mishne Torah, writes that he is composing his work in the year 4937 from the Creation (1117 CEl or 1107 years from the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) . No Third Temple is men­t ioned anywhere in the Ta lmud, by Maimonides or by anybody else .

As forthe trumpets, the proper sources are Maimonides, Mishne Torah, laws of Shofar, Chapter 3:2.

Donato Grosser New York, NY

"Slabbing" of Ancients-A Rebuttal

I have been a Gelator subscriber for going on 10 years now, and whi le I have never before been moved to write a letter, Mike Byers' letter on "slabbing" ancient coins and the wonderful ''things" it wi ll "do" to our beloved hobby; has fil led me with dread and a genuine concern for new col­lectors.

Apart from the fact that "slabbing" is anathema to most knowledgeable collec­tors of ancient coins, and for a whole host of good reasons, one has to wonder whom it is that stands to profit from it? Some folks who extol "slabbing" are licking their chops as they dream of the "happy sound of cracking plastic" in their desire to turn a quick profit. For wherever this practice has reared it's ugly head, the game plays out the same. The end result is price inflation, grade manipulation, and speculation that hurts the very people it portends to help.

While slabbing will no doubt, make the selling of ancient coins by the uninformed to the uninformed easier and more profit­able , I really wonder how this wil l benefit the newcomer to our hobby in general?

While Mr. Byers asserts that "slabbing" will allow unknowledgeable new collectors

of ancient coins to sleep at night, it is clearly the neophyte collector who is the target of this marketing scheme and who will be stuck "holding the last tUlip", if it tums into a craze.

Most especially, in the highly esoteric hobby of ancient coin collecting, "slabbing" is strictly a gimmick to grease the wheels of commerce and in no way genuinely pro­tects the buyer.

A slab's "guarantee of authenticity" is exactly the same as that offered by any "reputable" dealer ... no more. What a new collector needs to know is that ~slabbing" ancients will not guarantee the reputation of the dealer selling them! Common and inexpensive coins are sure to be slabbed, counted by grade population, hyped and their value hiked.

What it won't guarantee the neophyte is that he is paying a fair price for his coin!

In fact, slabbing will almost certainly guarantee that he is paying more for it than he or she should! Over and above the cost of the plastic (introducing a profitable new middleman by the way). What it will cer­tainly guarantee is that MS-60's will be broken out of their plastic cages and magi­cally flower into MS 61 'so Thus legitimized, they can then be re-sold at a premium. How does this help the collector?

It "matters nof if the product in the slab is a Morgan Dollar or a Mickey Mantie Rookie Card , What was a perfeclly enjoy­able hobby gets hijacked by folks who turn it into an "investment" racket, and who would gladly "slab" a Beanie Baby if they thought it could help them sell it to Mr. New B. Collector and make a killing .

You can "slab" an ancient coin, and put on it whatever grade you like, but new collectors beware, while this might make the coin more attractive and marketable to the uninformed over the internet, it will NOT affect what a knowledgeable col lec­tor will pay for it! PERIOD. (For instance, I

Please turn to page 38 ....

I n Chris Rudd 's November Ciualogue you'll find somc stunning Ccitic gold stalers, plus an art icle by Dr Philip de Jersey on King Cartivdlaunos and Queen CarLimandua who left her husband 10 bed his annom bearer. Prices from ao. Credit cards welcomc. For a free catalogue ask

Sandra Matthews at Chris Rudd, PO Box 222, Aylshmn, Norfolk NRI Rudd England. Tel: (44) 1263 735 707. f'ax (44) 1263 731 777. Email : [email protected] Websile: www.celt kcoins.com First choice Jar choice CeIIJ{

4 The Gelator

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ancient and medieval coins, antiquities and books for sale; historical information; historical and numismatic articles; maps; photo archive; and a user forum:

New Coins continuously added to the Web Site.

October 2002 5

Roman Provincial Coins IT: The Statues in the Temples and Shrines

Personified Geography, Powerful Gods

and Young Heroes

by Cornelius Vermeule

Introduction

ated his entire reverse from a tabletop or gar­den-si7..ed ensemble in marble, replete with recognizable statues in niches. Architectural details have heen add­ed with the eye of someone making a model city like Ma­durodam at the Hague in the Netherlands, Legoland at Windsor, Buckinghamshire, or the models of Cam­bridge , Massachu ­setts, 1636 and 1936, in the Widener Library at Harvard University.

The theme of these studies has been that the die designers of Roman provin­cial wins used and manipulated a variety of sources and models in their architec­tural reverses. There were actual build­ings from the Coliseum orthe several suc­cessive temples of Jupiter Capitolinus in the Roman imperial series to the Artemi­sium al Ephesus and on to the hillside tem­ple-tombs at Amascia or the temple-com­plex of Jupiter Heliopolitanus al Baalbck. Then, il was argued, there were the end­less series of distyle and tetraslyle facades of temples or shrines with representations of divinities, heroes, or divinized Emper­ors beneath arcuatcd lintets . True, such bui ldings have been excavated and recon­structed such as the small temple associ­ated with Hadrian, the Four Tetrarchs, and the family of Theodosius the Grea! at Ephesus. ]11e suggestion wa~ raised that in small cities whcre a number of arcuat­ed temple-facades were shown on the coins, buildings that were populated with very familiar statues, the sources for the architecrure came from the copyist tenden­cies of the celator and the representations of gods, heroes, and rulers derived from small statues in bron7.£ or silver.

A Romantic Vista of the Nile in

Miniature

Figure I- Foulltain-house with Father Nile, Sphinx, and j7ankinf: niches for Romano-Egyptian statues, Courtesy, Mu seum of Fille Arts. Boston. (All photos are reduced).

Now we have a splendid opportunity to see how a die designer could have ere-

When the Emperor Hadrian (117 to 138) created his Villa at Tivoli circa 130 with rerni niscences of landmarks around his Empire, he included the KnidianAph­rodite of Praxiteles in her circular temple on the peninsula above the Aegean, and a section of the river Nile with a curved fountain -house at the hillside end ("the Canopus"), statues of rivergods (Nile, Tiber) above thc waters, and copies of fa­mous statues by Pheidias, Alkamenes, Praxiteles, and other celebrated Greeks of the Golden Age, along the sides and un­der arcuated lintels at the cnd oppositc the water pipes. A die designer from Asia Minor could have traveled to Egypt for the same inspiration or could have jour-

CHANGE OF ADDRESS EFFECTIVE NOW

6 The Celator

STIEPHEN )vL HUSTON New Address Effective Immediately:

PO Box 909, Union City CA 94587

Phone, 1-510-475-8624 For additional info: www.dataxm.com

Please update all records immediately.

neyed to Tivoli, as did architectural crafts­men from Ephesus, but we can now show there was another, more manageable way the celator could have studied the total scene and the details for his fountain-house or Nilotic Nymphaeum reverse.

At the Christie's, South Kensington, London Auction of7 November 2001 , as lot 332, the Museum of Fine Arts, Bos­ton, purchased against fierce competition from other institutions, "A Roman Mar­ble Lustral Double Basin witb a Reclin­ing God", most likely to be dated around 120 to 130 when Hadrian was bringing a taste for Egypt to the Alban Hills east of Rome (see Fig. 1). The Christie's cata­logue gives not a single reference or par­alJeL but this unusual, nearly unique, ar­chitectural tribute to EgyplOmania in the Roman Empire has been known and pub­lished since the 17rh century. Antiquari­ans of 18rh century Europe knew the en­semble from an engraved plate in the an­thology of the learned French archeolo­gist Bernard de Montfaucon. The sculp­ture "disappeared" during the era before the American Revolution and Napoleon's conquests, when British lords were filling their country houses with ancient marble sculptures from Italy and beyond. At the outset of the 1950's the miniature Nym­phaeum was discovered by me on a big table at Cobham Hall in Kent, seat of the

Miinzen ond Medaillen AG 1942-2002

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October 2002 7

Earls of Damley. The fam ily was al­ready on hard limes and a dee:lde lafer the contents of the house we re sold. The Nymphaeum appeared in a Sothcby'!o( Salc in London in the 1960's and thcn disaplx:ared again until November 200 1 when if fUmed up beautifully cleaned, resto red, and ripe for the auction at Christie 's .

Figure 2- Slalu e oj Is is. CO III'lesy. Museum of Fine Arts. Boston. MFA Bronze Calalog No. 114.

A brief description tells us what a die designer both saw and could have seen. In the celllral arched niche the river-god Nile recl ines with his left arm on the Sphinx, a comucopiae in his hand. The god's right hand holds what may be a scroll ofpapy· rus or the stalk of a reed, and the right foot is up against a rock. '111c two side niches held statues with plinths once sct into the noon; above the outer basin. The roofs of these niches arc ti led, and palm trees are carved on the outer walls. lotus flowers in the pediments. Water came through a rect­angular opening into the inner basin and also through channels in the side niches into the outer basin, the from of which had large rings in re lief. perhaps designed to suggest places to tether horses in a mar­ketplace setting. The missing statues flank­ing Father Nile cou ld have been standing images of Isis (I 14-see Fig. 2) and Sera­pis (l23-see Fig, 3), traditional divinities of Roman Egy pt fr om Alexandri a to Thrace and or to the lseum and Serapeum in the Campus Martius o f Rome. Wherev­er this marble en.'>Cmblc wa<; originally dis­played, perhaps in a Roman house like those up the hillside at Ephesus, a Roman provin­cial celator would have had everything nec­essary 10 create ,ill !u'Chitcctuml reverse in the top-line tniditions of Ronum imperial sester­tii or big provincial bronze coins.

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8 The Celato,

Gods and Goddesses in Italy and the Eastern Provinces

VenUS-Aphrodite. Probablybccausc the just over lifc-si7.c bron7..e original was in a famous location in Greece, the C'l.pi­tol ine Venus, named after a marble copy found in Rome, was the most popular rep­resen tati on of the goddess of love and beauty, ancestress of the Roman race, in the Roman provincial world. A bronze Capitoline Venus-AphrOOite was found at Corinth and, like the other smal l sculptures discussed here, has been in the Museum of Fine Ans, Boston, in this instance since 189 5 (64-see Fig. 4). The provenance might also suggest that Corimh was the location of the original statue, fashioned in the lifetimes of Phi lip of Macedon or Alexander the Great. The small bronzes, like th is example, could have been sent or carried anywhere, like the little Leaning Towers exponed from Pisa, and set at any angle, profile, front, or even b.'lck (like the Three G races) for a die designer to incor­pomte in the reverse of a coin or medal­lion.

The Aphrodite of Knidos appeared on coins of that city because o f the statue 's location in Caria and because of the pop­ularity of the Praxitelean masterpiece in Rome and its suburbs (Villa Hadriana) as well as in the Greek East. A small bronze found in Berytus (Beirut), also in the 19'" century, demonstrates a problem of popu­larity, which broadened a ccJator"s options. The body, with mmds in modcst poses. is that of the Capitoline Venus, while the hair, the headdress, and the more slender pro­pon ions of thc face derive from the Knid­ian Aphrodite of Praxiteles (65-see Fig.

Fig ure 3- Sralu e of Zeus · Serapis. COUrleS}; Museum of Fine A rls. BoslolI. MFA Bronze C(lfaiog No. 123.

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October 2002 9

5). A die designer sUIdyi.ng a figure like this would have encountered the joys of contam­ination, a goddess oorrowed fium the cre­ations of two nusters. and passed the Ro­man fusion, the new Venus, on to the coins.

Figure 4- Slatue afCapitoline Venus. Courtesy, Mu seum af Fine Arts. Boston. MFA Bronze Catalog No. 64.

When the Knidian Aphrodite-Venus was given an elaborate cap with plumes, feathers, and the sun di sk, also a modest chiton-tunic and a heavy himation-cloak around her lower limbs, she became a sen­suous Graeco-Roman figure of Aphrodite as Isis (see Fig. 5A). Such a large bronze portable figure (H:O 368mm = 14.5 inch­es) could be carned anywhcre in East or West where the Egyptian cults were pop­ular and. in this direct way, could inspire coin-designers from Syria to Rome. This sculptured interpretation of a Ptolemaic or later Isis would be thus very pleasing to citizens in Calia or Lydia used to seeing the Aphrodite of Praxite les in thei r shrines and on their coins , and wishing a similar recogni tion factor for the ex­otic import from Cleopatra 's world. This concept of Isis was much less conser­vative than the Hellenistic Isis postulat­ed here as a figure for one of the niches of the Nil oLic fountai n-basi n and pub­lished for the first time in depth in these pages (sec Fig. 1; 114-sce fig. 2). After all, a city like Pergc in Pamphyli a un­der Severus Alexander (222 to 235). which cou ld show three nude Capitoline Aphrodites front and back as the so­called Three Graces (Sear Greek Impe­rial Coins, no. 3343), woul d want an Isis marc like Aphrodite than like a mater­nal figure at Alexandria in Egypt.

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10 The Gelator

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Apollo. Temples to and statues of the god of oracles, medicine, music and the Emperor Augustus (27 Be to AD 14) ex­tended from Actium (Nicopolis), where Antony and Cleopatra fled from Agrippa and Octavian, through Apollonia Pontica \0 Aezani in Phrygia and on through Pi-

Figure 5- Stalue of Capitoline Venus-Cnidian Aphrodite. Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, BOS IOI1 . MFA Bronze Catalog No. 65.

sidia and Pamphylia to Daphne, the plea­sure suburb of Antioch-on-the-Orontes. The seated (Actian) Apo!lo was popular enough across Asi a Minor and, seated on his omphalos from Del phi, became the second cult-image, after the great Zeus, for the Seleucids at Antioch-Daphne and far­ther to the East, on the coinage.

The standing Apollo was a youthful god, with an elaborate topknot hairstyle and a variety of attributes, ofte n a bow in one hand, an arrow in the other, and a quiv­er on the right shoulder. This image oc­curred on many coins, as a single figure or in architectural settings (93-see Fig. 6). Another Apollo, popular at urban religious centers such as Hierapolis in Phrygia, wore a long garment with a broad belt and held up a large lyre in one hand and a plectron for strumming on same in the other. This Apollo was found in the central niches of gymnasia, such as that at Miletus, as lead­erofthe god's daughters, the Nine Muses.

The popularity of the number of stand­ing or running Apollos on Roman provin­cial coins was such that there were varia­tions in the iconography ofthe Far Darter, the Leader of the Muses, in the Antonine to Gallienic periods (rough ly 140 to 270). The shooter and the musician met in a

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October 2002 11

small statue, with eharactclistic topknot hairstyle (see Fig. 6A). A stmp supports the quiver on the right shoulder. The low­

Figure SA - Statue of Aplwdite -his. Collection of John Kluge. Courtesy. Royal-Athelia Galleries. New York.

ered right han d holds a I a r g e plectron and the left hand, with a s m all c loa k. supports the lyre on an Aeolic ­capi t al co lu mn ­stand. The f ig­ure is dis­jo i nted, li ke di­v in i ties on COlllS

of Crem­na or Sa­galassus in Pisidia near the end of Roman

provincial coinage. This image on a coin or as a real temple-statue was a new type, one designed to make officials and citizens in a small city in Asia Minor and. most notably, its sculptors, its celators proud.

Mars-Ares. The grealcst statue of the g(xi of war in helmet, Grecian armor, and holding spear and shield. stood in the Tem­ple of Ares at Halieamassus, north ofCni­dus-Knidos in Caria. The statue has been attributed to Lcochares, who worked on the Mausoleum also al Halicamassus and was responsible for at least one famous Apollo discharging his bow, prototype of the Apollo Belvedere in the Vatican. Like the EphesianArtemis, the Ares of Halicar­nassus became very popular as a temple image, being seen in such contexts on coins of Metropolis in Ionia (Torbaii, north of Ephesus - Price & Trell, Fig . 370) and coming on to Rome in the reign of Augus­tus as Mars VlIor, avenger of Julius Cae­sar's murder and inhabitant of the great, central Temple in the Forum of Augustus. The Roman Mars Ul tor had a breastplate with symbol ic griffins (of the Augustan Apollo) at a candelabrum, while Arcs at Halicarnassus sported a simpler plain suit of armor, of the type worn by Greek lead­ers in battle. Small bronzes of both types circulated from Gau l to Syria, and die designers had many opportunities to cre­ate shrines to the god of war buil t around

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12 The Gelator

the standing fi gures in armor (sec Fig, 7 and 7A).

The Ares of Halicarnassus, and his Roman counterpart were middle-aged and bearded. But Alexander the Grea! was young when he marched east to conquer the world and die at Babylon, far from Macedonia. Young gods in armor and he-

Figure 6- Statue of Apollo. Courtesy, Museum afnne Arts, Boston. MFA Bronze Catalog No. 93.

roes made into mythological counterparts of the Macedon ian conquerors became part of the Roman provincial numismatic iconography. as young versions of Ares or as regional rnil itary patrons. No celator preparing an obverse or a reverse with a half-figure bus!, as at Termessus Maior in Pisidia, could have resisted the bronze applique of a young Hellenistic god, hero, or heroic prince wearing a Corinthian hel­met with a large crest and a cuirass with scales and a lionhead protome on the chest. The youthful warrior is grasping his short sword with his right hand. Scabbard, bald­ric, and cloak complete the picture (see Fig. 8). To translate this high relief to a coin would have made a sensational myth­ological design, a hero for all the decades in imperial Asia Minor and along the Ci l­ician coast into Syria and on down to the amlOred hero Minos at Gaza.

Paired with the figure inannor is a scc­ond applique of another hero, a curious helmet like a sh ip's prow 011 hi s head and a cloak and swordbelt but no cuirass on his body. His hair is arranged in a thick mat above his youthful face (sec Fig, 9). Two heroes often appear on the coinage of one dty, in the traditions of the Dioscu­ri and the seers of Cilicia. These two busts

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October 2002 13

in high rel ief could represent, could per­soni fy the landward and the seaward strengths of a city, again the realization of a celator's search for numi smati c models.

Figure 6A- Statue of Apollo, Hunter and Musician. Courtesy, Royal­Athena Galleries, Newe York.

The young male divinities or heroes were very much at home in Asia Minor and Syria, in architecture and on coins. Male marine divinities graced the archi­tecture of Aphrodisias in Caria, a city far from the seashore. Roman provinc ial coi ns offered a parade of heroes: two founders (Dorylaeum), Mygdon (Stecto­rium), Akainas (Synnada), and Kabus Sozon at Themisonium, all in Phrygia. Tn Cilicia there were Mopsus, a refugee from the Trojan War, and Amphilochus at Mal­Ius. Busts of the Dioscuri appeared early at FJaviopolis, surely an allusion to the brothers Titus and Domitian. Finally, still at random. Syria and Phoenicia had war­rior heroes at Gaba and Caesarea ad Li­banum. At Gaza in Southern Judea. un­der Hadrian, the Hunting Anemi s and Mamas stood opposite each other in a shrine.

Helios-SoL Among the young and powerful divinities, Helios (Roman Sol) has been mentioned as a divine embodi­ment ofAlcxander the Great, since the sun rose over the mountains of Afghanistan (Bactria) and Iran (Persia), where the young Macedonian led his troops and founded cities, one named after his horse and another after his great dog. Heiios also becanle equated with the Prophet El­isha, Elias tile fiel)' sun over the mountain

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14 The Celator

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tops, hence the name of so many peaks in the Greek imperial world. Helios (Sol lnviLtus) drove the chariotoftile sun from Eastto West across tile finnanlent, and as a non-Olympi­an god, save for his connections with Apollo, was much revered in tile late Roman Empire, during the tnl.l1sition to Christianity.

Figure 7-Statue of Mars U/tor. Collection of John Kluge . Courtesy, Royal-Athena Gal­leries, New York.

Figure 7A-Statue of Ares of Halicarnassus. Courtesy, Christie's, New York.

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Helios- Alexander the Great galloping across the sky appears in frontal view on a number of Roman provincial coins, es­pecially the quasi-autonomous series, for example those of Aezani (Scar, no. 5(60)

or Kolossai (as Triton V, no. (737) in Phry­gia. Thecelator's sources were many, from

Figure 8-$tatue of God or Hero in armor. Courtesy, $otheby's, New York.

fre s­coes

" 0 d mosa­ics, to pro -v ) n -cia I tomb­stones, to the raised interi­ors of silver bowls, and to t h , breast­plate s of im­peria l c u ) -rassed statues found

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in every city of the Roman to Byzantine polity. Ultimately, the relief on one of Asia Minor's most famous temples, that of Ath­ena on the citadel at Ilion-Ilium (Troy). started hy AlexaJlder the Great and finished by his general Lysimachus, provided adie designer an unrivaled opportunity to gi ve monumentality to a coin's reverse (see Fig. 9A). The acropolis of Troy, the city's fa, mous walls, and the surrounding tombs of the Homeric heroes in the plain on the way to the sea was one of the very celebrated, most popular destin ation parks for the imperial family and private persons in the Roman provincial world.

In temples and shrincs in thc Roman provincial world, the standing Helios ap­peared with other divinities, Zeus at He­liopolis (Baalbek) and the moon goddess (Selene, Astarte) along the Syrian-Phoe­nician coast. In the militaristic traditions of Alexander and his successors, wearers of He lias crowns on their coinages, the first Roman denarius struck for the new Em­perorVespasian in 69 by Mucianus, Gov­ernor of Syria, showed Vespasian stand­ing in armor on one side and a radiate bust ofHelioson the other. The march on Rome from the East was about to begin.

The Roman provincial die designers had excellent small bronze ligures of He­lias (- Alexander the Great) to set in the ritual architecture of their coins. One such

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16 The Celator

Helios, from the Collection of Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman (restorers of Tombstone, Arizona- the town, the O.K. Corral, and Boot Hill), graced the cover of a Sotheby's, New York , Antiquities Catalogue, and was bought immediately after the sale by the Museum af Fine Arts, Boston (Accession No. 1996.3. Sotheby's Sale, December 8, 1995, Cover and Lot 100). The young god has lost most of the rays of his crown (unlike Roman Emper­ors on antoniniani from Caracalla on) but exh ibits the romantic curls and fac ial fea­tures of Alexander the Great (SL'C Fig. 10). His right hand wa~ raised and extended, to salute the heavens over which he would soon ride, aJld the left hand held the stafftenninat­ing in a whip, with which he would guide his horses, as he did in temple pediments from the Parthenon at Athens to Jupiter Capitoli­nus on the most famous hill of Rome. What a perfect model was this bronze Helios for a die designer working at a mint. Helios-Sol lent h.is radiate crown not only to Emperors on antoniniani and gold multiples, but also to smalJ bronze statues of Roman rulers stand­Lng in eloak, cuirdSS,and military txxJts. When seen in temples on the reverses of coins in Lydia, Pisidia, and Cilicia (e.g. Pricc& Trcll, no. 468: Philadelphia in Lydia), these imag­es have occasionally been labeled Helios, but they are certainly Emperors who have taken on the visible power of the Sun God.

Figure 9-$tatue of God or Hero as a Marine (?) Personification. Courtesy, Sotheby's, New York.

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October 2002 17

Conclusions The divinities surveyed here for their

numismatic connections have ranged from Aphrodite-Venus, born from the foam off Cyprus, to her sometime con­sort Ares-Mars, each of them on sepa­rate occasions (through Aeneas and Ro­mulus) ancestors of the Julian Cells and the Roman race, and to Apollo, patron of Augustus and so infl uential in sever­al forms in the Roman provincial world.

Helle nistic and Greek imperial coins often exhibited busts and standing fig ­ures of young heroes with the features and in the armor of Alexander the Great. Helios-Sol, whose power crossed the heavens as a reminder of worlds opened up by Alexander the Great in the East and Egypt, played a crucial part in de­fin ing aspects of Roman provincia l and imperia l numismatic art. In the sea where the Aegean met the eastern Med-

Figure 9A~Helios-Alexander the Great in a Heavenly Quadriga. Metope of the Temp/e of Athena at Ilium (Troy) , 300 BC. Berlin Museums.

iterra nean was the island of Rhodes, and there stood the colossal Helios-AI­exander, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and echoed on Rhodian co in s of the Hellenistic Age. From Nilotic lands came the inspiration for the marble foun­tain with double ba­sins, portable and, like the bronze fig­ures se en here, a perfect vehicle for a d ie designer creat­ing architectural re-verses .

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18 The Celator

A Further Word The reverses of coins based on por­

table or imaginary facades were not the only ways a small city could advertise its architecture and its cu lt-images. Mu­nicipal piety and pride could be adver­tised in a personal way by wearin g a large metal (gi lded bronze) pin in the form of a te trastylc temple-fao;ade with the an:uated li ntel and the twisted col­umns popular in the third century AD, also the tradi tional pediment above (sec Fig. t t ). Such a pin could have had a small fi gure of a d ivin ity in flat , one­sided relicf between the columns, for such little images survive in the midst of collections of small statues in the round. The complete ensemble would be worn on toga or tunic the way we now wear the caps, shirts, and jackets of ur­ban sports-teams and state universities.

References Previous studies by the writer on

these subjects include: Greek Sculpture and Roman Taste.

The Purpose alld Seffinx of Craeco-Ro­man Art ill Italy and the Greek Imperial East . University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1977.

"From Halicarnassus to Alexandria In the Hellen istic Age. The Arcs of Ha licarnassus by Leochares". Afessan­dria e if Mondo Ellenistico-Romano, Siudi in Onori di Achille Adriani, Rome, 1984.

Figure 10~Statue of He/ios­Sol. Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (/nv. No. 1996_3).

s a

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The AngS\CfS have been known in ZUrich since the city fir,! began issuing its own coins. Until well into the 17th century almost every mintmaster struck quantities of them, with some evtll b~ing produced as late as1774 . HowevCf, no one ha, yet been able to organize all of th ew Zurich Angsters into a chronologically convincing ,cries,

This sma ll one-,; ided coin (on ly 0.28 g) is difficult to plilCe C1Ho llologically. Tht.' arm, of tht.' city, parted per bend with the lower covt.'red hy a grid pattern, and with a Z above, is already founcl in the 16th cent llry, bul nol with the unu,ual volute ornaments along its borcler. Those fo rce us to move into the 17th lenlury in our ,earch fo r a parallel. ancl in fart the Taler of 1624 uses just this decor'ltiOIl. In addit ion there are the carefully made five·leafecl rosettes, though these are less predst.'iy dMable sinrt.' they appear on coin, struck over J long period .

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October 2002 19

Alexander tile Great Conquers Rome. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Cambridge. Massachusetts. 1986.

"The Rise of the Severan Dynasty in the East. Young Caraealla about the Year 205, as Hclius-Sol", North Carolina Mu ­seum of Art Bulletill 14. No.4, Raleigh, 1990.

See also the citations in "Roman Pro­vincial Coins I. The Celatol', January 2002, pg.16.

Acknowledgment .. Again collaborator Kevin Cahalane

has been tireless in bringing architecture and divinities together around Roman pro­vincial and imperial coins, both in reali ty and through the electronic media. The marble Nymphaeum with Father Nile, his Sphinx. and nanking Romano-Egyptian divinities was brought to Boston with the collahoration of Laura GadbelY and John Herrmann. Brenda Breed, Mary Com ­stock , Christine Kondoleon, Rebecca Reed, and Florence Wolsky, al! longti me collaborators at the Museum of Fine Arts. helped supply infclImation and gather pho­tographs. Florent Heintz of Sotheby·s . New York. and F. Williamson Price of Royal Athena Galleries, also New York, provided photogmphs and necessary in­sights.

Abollt the Author - Cornelius Ver­meuic spent fo rty years as Curator ofClas­sical (Greek and Roman) Art at the Mu­seum of Fine AJts, Boston. For twenty years he was also a Professor at Boston College, "the one with the football team" as he is want to remark. His two other major books arc European Art Uluilile Classical Past, 1964; and Roman impe­rial Art in Greece and Asia Minor, 1968. The former has a chapter on Renaissance medals, and the latter has a chapter on Roman provincial coins .

Figure II-A Bronze Pin in the form of a Tetrastyle Far;ade with arcuated lintel. Photo courtesy of Amphora Goins, List 79, 2002, no. 382).

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20 The Gelator

U.S. Imposes Import Restrictions On Cypriot Artifacts

by Peter Tompa *

On Ju ly 19, 2002, t he Uni ted States imposed import restr ictions on a wide rangc o f Pre-Classical and Classica l arc h eo logica l material o ri ginati ng in C yp rus. Although Cypriot authorities had req uested that th e restrictions include coins. the U,S. Sta te Department Cu ltu ra l Property A d visory Comm i ttee ("CPAC") rejected this request and coins do not appear on the list of re­stricted it ems.

Dating from approximate ly the 8th millennium HC to approximately 330 AD. the current imp ort restric­tions incl ude the fo ll ow in g artifacts: ceramic vessels, sculpt ure, seals, amulet s, inscriptions. stel ae, mosa­ics , metal vessels, and personal items . These restrictions supplement "emergency im port restrictions" on Byzantine Ecclesiast ic al and Rit ual Ethnologic material tha t have been In force si nce Apri l 12, 1999. Im ­portation of restricted items is p ro ­hibited unless they are acco mpanied w ith a Cyp r iot export license or documentat io n indicating the mate ­rial left Cyprus prior to the effective date of the restri ctions.

T he Cyp ri ot restric tion s have been under co nsiderati on since 1999. The U.S . Government im posed simi ­larl y broad restrictions on a ncient ar­tifacts of It ali an origin in lanuary 200 I. but also did not extend thc se restrictions to coins . The decisions to exclude coi ns from the Ital ian and Cyprio t requests w il l hopcfu ll y pro­vide fa vo r able prece de nt when CPAC addresses a similar req uest for import restrictions expected from Greece in the near future . Th e text of the Cyp riot restrictions may be found on CPAC's website at http:// exc h an ges . st ate .gov le u lprop.

, Peter Tompa is a partner at the interna ti onal law firm of McDe rmott, Will & Emery. The In­formation contained in this article is solely for informat io nal purposes and should not be ta kcn to constitute legal adv ice.

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LIST NUMBER 76 C u scit I\IU»1 »1 i - Juve nal

l T R.MS: Cosh wi,h ""OCr. piusS3 addi" "". i fOf P'J>t,,>!c a oo I""ooiing. Forrignoroc", must i.dude p"ymcn' in U.S funds. plu, S 10 rOT . im,.;1 and registration. Such o<de" will be ,en! at c" " ",n." ris): . C.lifomiacol le<:lOrS "'ou~l

;oel""" ,ales lax, "lid Colifornia do. l= must supply >t"'" re,ale " um""r. All ,,)in, ore gu:rran(e<d genu;",,_ Purch."" will be refuntkd if [c' "moo for any ["'<On within ",ven da)', of rocc ip! . Coll. " o<> " 'ill . m id di>apro;n'ment jf ' il<y will ' eserve ooi n, by telepboo< or . -maj! before ","ding "lOne)'. Mi ni mum oroer $20

ANNO UNCEMENT - For Some year> 1 have occo planning on publi' hing U"dgren 1\1; More Ancient C <cek Br(mu Coins from the Lindg ren Col/eclivn , as the final ,'olu me in the serie, of catalog , tha t began with Li ndgre n & Kovac s. Ancienl BranV' wins iI/ A"i~ Min()r ~nd 'h e Le,·"m / mm 'he Lindg"n Coll~a;on. which oPP"ofed in 1985, I now fealize . however. that lhe complelion of tll"t p l" n is impos­sib le, giYen the commit ments and responsihil itie , I have taken 0" .. as a resuU of co m]'lCtin g interest s and aCliv ;lies. As a consequence, I hove deCIded to turn over 10 AntIOc h A"oc" tes the g roup of some fo ur Ihousand Greck and Itom"n Colonial bron ," coins thaI I have been acquiring fo r LindX" " IV Anlioch A" ociale, will l>e inclu d ing lhe", co ins in the ir Jd verti<e mcnt s fro m now o n. and collec tors Me in \'iled to contaCl ll>em 10 inqu ire as to Ihe a.' ailJbili ly of co ins in lheir special arca, o f inl erest

I .\1YSIA, CY-';c",.~· C<"" Be. 111 6 , .. ,c<. f orepart 0 1' 00.1 Ilfwo gr. i", of w ]...,,,, Ih". Ar". XIX No. 7? (o<OCI· wise N1SC). VF, "'''' 125 2 - . -,_, 100&,"'eIOfobol. Forepart of boor I. imprintcd wi,h leverse fAld oflioo L BMC 118. VF. but ,m. U chi~ offt l, n, .. "" " ... """ .. "" ... """ .. """. 45 3 -.-, -,hcl~ ;obol. f Or<Oport ofboo.r I" ,ufUlyfishl>chindil l<J , 01'1 ,011 . I. IlMC 12 1. H 70 4 As .\" ''''c, bu, " ", w;, h I", .. po;n" :lbo,'o lioo. BMC I!D. VI' 15 5 10 '\" 1,\ . Mil e ,u" ~ .. <cnl. HC, ]""mioboL Hd. of Apollo. 3/4 IJlld. of lioo I.. powbc low. F+. but " .0. 60 6 - , - , - , diobol. Hd . of lion 1.1Orna· "."",.1 st". \JMC 141f. VI' 75 7 -. i'hocac" 6" exnt Bc' hem iobol lid. of ~ri lr." ,.1['1<;",", qu""",,'<! "-Iuarc, IlMC &4. VFfF+ 90 8 ISI .ANUS OFF 10~1.4-, Sa,"",. 4g2-420 11C. d;OOol. ltd. &; oed of pao,her, r.lF, m'sl!<l, i" iroc o", "I, ; rA , oove, V(Jn A"loo;l gro~. V0. bu' vcry ",,,,7 5 ~ - , - . 417-404 BC . ''''''*''>I. Fo",p'~ of bul l. l.iFore[XlT1 of bu ll I. H),lC 2 ~. FI VF. bu, otl". p>n ly oITH:m 75 III CAR lA, 11, liu.nouu" ~· 'c"''' He, <>bol, F,-""p,~ of w;".,oo iror><;, ,,/Goo," I!<l .. f . IlMC L VOifin€ 65 I I - . s.."apS. It",,,,,,,,,,o, . 395 ·377 Be. hclniOOot. Lion', M ., 1.11.100,', >colI' h.e ing. Gl0>c 8517.F+, rarc 75 12 -, -, - , -. Q".n<r<>bol. l ioo ', 'I"" f",,;nloiM.1<: M ., sh,i!&Y ~.i', I, NISC (a", ;b. '" It",.t",""", 0«.",", acqoired togctOCI with p""'ioo, coin) H 7~

IJ l SI.A~· DS O F F CA~ I A. ~ h"""­

~. <",,", Be, hemidr1Oc""" lid. ofHdio>. J/4 r.lK""" i" ;oc"", sq. B~l C]. VGlF: "'''' cody i»oc , 60 14 _ . _ , J.U-J.04 I\C, ";1,,,""-""1. l hl , of HdimIJTwo loocbuds.HMC4 2. h

. ~ l~ U ' ClA. C,agu" ~ l BC and I"". di<>bol. A Y. I!<l. of Apollo .}KP !.),e i" ;rrcu", ><to SG 5270. hI!-' 7~

16 P I~m l A, 5 , lgo , nO-J70 Be. ,,.;t-..'ffl;obol. Gorjloocio.vJ1d . of A,Oen. r.,,,ualgo.&; """"'V'. hot,;,," . llMC ! .l . F+IF , ... 75 17 (:1I .1 ('lA, N.g;.J",. 379-374 Be. <>bolo ('.orgoocioNSphi1l' • .""oct I. llMC 16, . VFfF+; " " ""' .. " . 90 IH_ . 1'0",,-,,4" 00"', Be. obol. & ',1 «ate<! I .. holding gmpeo & 1<'.;n oc..w' F"",parI of wolf r. , cresc<nt ah,w •. SC J.6IiO. VI' . 65 19 _ , _ , _ . _ . lJo..-oed h) , ofB.',1

r·Il'"'''p' '' M wolf. ,., ""''''00' aoove, C'-'fl . J 19, Somcwh" . wl",,,d "'i le .

"'"'''''' ;''' VI' 50 20Sr. U :UClD Klr'GS. Antioch"" Ill, dnchm. Apollo on omf'ho lo<, I.; "'I<CI_ .. in monogr. in I. tield. SG 6919. VF/ l'

W 21 ,Dcmctri o, 11. I" reign, drac hm Apollo I .. on ompho lo, . SG 70~7. f~ 60 2~ PIIOt:NICIA. ,\rod" , . 4" eeo' . lie. 'm o ool. l id. of male d<it)' ' .. em",l. " 'i,h 1'I0X"(1;C;"" k ,,,,,,,"Call<), r., Phocn ;, ;, " "-"'<" ,bovc, ij MC J7. Fi"" .... ,," " 7~ 23 - . Sidoo,4" «,,,. nc. siXl"'"Ih shekel . (Oall<y I. ~ i'h """ : l'ho€" jo i. " Im er :lbo,'dXing figh 'ing lioo I . , 0 '" cenocI, B.\1C.17. aVF 7~ 24 -, -, _ , _ . G.lley I .. yr. 4 in 1'I"","",i"" .bc" "IK ; ,,~ ligh';"4: lion OP m CCJHc<. Cf Cop. 197.:100. VI' 75 25 -, T),c. 4"ccnt, !:Ie. ,i"""",h ,]...,l el lIiwocamp UOw l wi," crOO" & fia il ij),\C 43. VF.c,c. 00"'. 0 ,' , "" .. ,,"" M 26 _ ,_. Traj a". <agl<: ]""10'" bo"',4(!" lid. of Mclq. rth. r. Fine 75 G rock BOl .....

27 ~ PA11". P" ri< ;, . AU¥U>I", . AEl], Col<>o,y', ",me i" " ·",,,h. RI'C I 29. I'i"", gleen PO' ,5 Z8 - , R"'''ula, u"' to< T;bc,;",. AEJ I. lid, ~f A"~"t"'. IlH d. of L i "i, 00 glOOc. I. Rl'Cn V(l+ 40 29 .\IOESIA INH RIO I'! . Nicopolis. Julia Dom"", AEI7 . B"" ~f y",.'hful Con",I I • . Vf.f ) 0

) 0 _ , - . CUI>C.II., Any Ze", co" '~roTI<'<! I. AMNG 1536,'. Fioc IS I I -. -. -. -, N;Kc ~,;"';og big> I. ,\MNG 1l46,.H". , 0 ) 2-. - , - . - , IId iO/idriving l>ig.of "rr<"". ,. Fi,,,, "" 15 33 - ,_ . _ . AE26. Tlophy, n.n' ed h)' ..... <1 <"f'[;'" ' ' AM]';G ',31. N"" t;""

~ 34 -. - , -, ,0,07, Tye]..., "d~. I. . VF

'" JS -, _ , _ . AE28. lier> <tdg. fa<ing . hd. I,AMNG 1566. A good F+ 60 J 6 - , - , C.,,,,.ll,,, Y""t~ . AEI9. $","o-<nt,,'''100 ,,,,If AMIW l~n VI'

" 37 _ . , _ , AFI7. F"SI, I .. lid. r. VFI 1'+ .. "" " ... " " ... " " .... " " .... ",, ... ,, ' " '' 20 38 _ , _ , _ . _ . S""ko",,,,,, irlod tr;pOO AMNG 1503. VF }O

39 - ,- . - ,- ,Sw&' 0,,""."', AM NG 15lJ . • VF 20 40 -, -, -, A£16. Bust of II olio" ra_ J;.,<, r, AMNG 1491. VF 25 4 1 -,-,-,-,lk~"">ld~. I. F+ 20 42-,-, _ , _ . MoOi", . ,,',," ha,><1b, fo iled with f",i" AMNG 1J.06. Vf 2~

";+IE~ eLA71 L'1JtD1'R&1t

43 - . - . {" ,,,,,,II.,, w lIl' .AE 16, [".;ic

I. H 15 44 _ , _ ,_, _ , W;ogc'<! ~,",iu" ,"" Idi"g "l",glIt '<or<h . Fioe, ",,,,,,,,1 artd ,arc ~~

• 5 , _ . Plautil"'. ,\U t.. A,h",,, "d~ f>c i o~. M r. Al\-tNG 1628 ", I'i,~ .. ,, ' ;W 4" _ , _ ,_._, Apollo ,,<lg, I, 1.,ld;,,>: p.>,o ... I<a"n's Of> ":OP'",· A\1 1-<0 1"26 N ~'c ftrlc 10 H , Ge ... AE2.~ . ( ;". " 'dg. I. . " " w,,,d by ~ ; ko. H ;' 1:01 ""'gil 4) 4R _ . _ . _ . AE IS, ij"" of s"" ,p', . I,

f~ 25 4'1 _ . _ , -,A( 17, 1'",,,",,01,,,"" '"'oplc, AM»;0 1 107~ . ,Vf . .. "", .. """ .. ,, 1) J.O _ . _ . _ , .\ 10 16. L,ge,," ,n " ·",,h XIS-(: . 1'1 I)

" "', NISC. f+ 110::,,<1.'" lid. of lI oral_

'" 51 - . - , (;'"1'<" H 20 5) - , - . . Sooke-cnt"'ioc,;l'ripod .• VP

'" ~4 _. _. MaH inu, . ,\E27. Con«xdia "d~. I. AMNG 1774, .VI' "", .. ,,"" '" 25 55 _ , , _ , I'.glc 1,,00 , I,,,,, M r., Nw, 'wom ili"!)' , .. nd.>ld,.AM~'G 1114 C, W Xi - . - , _ , - . »;w. lle-n ,"" " dg, I, "'MNG 174X, H 55 57 -. -. - ,0,£26. Nuok Ikrmc, "d~ .• «d .. hi, ft . F·' ~l

,8 _ . _ . _ . _, Apoli< , ",Ig .. hoId ; ,,~

pater> & leafy tw'g. AMN(; 173(,. " VI .- ,"" , .. ,"', .... ,', ..... ," ', .... ,', .... ,"', .. 40

19 - .-.-.-, D<"''''' ' ' stdg. l.AM'»;0 1731..vf' 45 W -,-. _ , AE25 . NudcAf>Ollo I.. <ac_

lifiei"l! " , I'ar . • VF 05 10 1- . -.-,AE I7, Th)''''''' r-+ : ¥""n

" W 62 - . -, Diodumcnian, "'En. NU<Ic Zc", '''lg. 1 .. e'gl' ar ft.AMNG IN,l, ~il ' > 3~

6.1 - , -. - , "'£16. CoocOldi. >orlS. I. AMNO ISI7 . • VF , X5 64 -,-. _, AU~. Eogl< f>c i"S- wi"g.' '1"".<1. 1," , I. AMNG 1871. F+Nf, grecn 1'" 65 (,~ _ . , _ , AE22. HY<_li,,,, I, go,," ;,, ="h."' MNG ISS8 . Good finc 20 M -. -, -. AUg. Five· line kgend withio circ le. AMXG ISil S". Fino 20 67 -.-. - . -, A>ll<pio<"~~. j , VF~ ,

grccn pat J~

6S - . - , - , A(17, Tr;pod , ,n.ke·m · twi",,,LA MN(lI S06. VI' 3, 69 - , -. - , - . Sn,k<·cntwined "If AM~'(l IS~2. Vh }O

70 - . - . -. AE I6. Conoor<lia >ldg AM~(; 18710. VI', gree", P>' .. "",, .... ) 71 TROAS, Abondri., C.II ' ''''u~ AI.'2 2 !:.ogle lly;"g', ",rryin~ ' "cmni"m. B~j( InH 35

72 LY DIA. Saito • . C.rae. II • . A£16 Apollo, 1o,," """",d, I<.n" 'g "" col­"nm .. ooldi"g ' ~ i g. aVf 40 7l--. D.ldi" Rom",] time •. AF25 . Bu" of ),oothfu l S<n.'c!/c"" L)-dioo " dg. I llMC 8. \'{J IS 7,1 - , S.h, K()man , imc<, AFIK lid or All",,, •.•. /Cybc lo ",",,,11.. I<:'"i,,>: "" clO>hioo. fin< 25 75 - . _ . . AE12. ,o,,>ollo . leg' olossed. ka,,; "~ 011 co lum". hokh "g g"'P<". 1';", , .. """, .. , .. ,, .. .. ,,' 25 7& -, -, Gera. AE23 . ley, Lydio< " dg, I f + 35 77 _ . S il.II<lu,. Roman ti""". AEll lIJ . of t>c.rd<xI Si lcno,'Gmpes, BMC IO. VI' W 78 - . - , Tn"',!" illi ... A~ 1 1. ~cmc,i, "dl{ . h. oo to ""00111. ~,imo ", n. ~ icc nne 40 79 , ThY"e,,-,, Roman " me,. AEI8 1 hI. ()rb<"d<d l lo.-al k " ,/F'gk I., "'I r. VI' 60 00 -. - . -, "'EI 2. lid. of Rom. 01

AI""", IJtioo prow li"g ' . VF 4(l ~ I _ . _ . _ . AE2l. ltd, ofl~v<]..., . r j

Ca~1<: f",;ng. "';"g" rrre",l, ltd. I. ,VI' ~

8? . Carc.lla, "'1'14 . 14",,1d i" " «oth. Fi"c 15 83 Elag.N I ... AE! O. lj<hc " <1g. U.C"fI. 6 1'! . hroo I~ 84 . Tlipoli., ~omao 11me • . AEIS Bu" ofS..-a~i,. I. il<i, std~ . I. , """,m in <. , s i'" la i" I., o"=,,t ochi,,.j ]..." slxoul<Io",. IIMC .1.1. VI': intc""'i,'i 65 8~ _, ,Al': 14. lld . ofApollo. ,J L,1.i'oo, h"" &, "",,"', .. "",, .. 2~ 30 -, - . f,u ti", lI . A£15 . Apollo <ldg. L. pa,, ;al'y draped, iea";"g 0" ",op,"' . [W'g!" ) ;" " NTSC, "" put>­I",bed> F, 4(l

g] -> - . C""" lh(,,), ,o,fl9. Ni~o ad,' . I. Fin< l~

88 flSIDI ,\ , &>""hssu" Ju lia M",,",, ,\E29. Apollou) od". L hd . •. fNG. ,.,e 35 m _,_, 1'I,; I;p II. ,\ E!5 . B,,,, ~fM""

' .. <r<',;eo' beh;"" ,1>0<,1<1<", EF. c,c. 10. "",II pit", ",,', VF """" .. "" .. _0 ~!Il'Q 8 ron," 90 Rt:PIJH U C, .. m;S(At;2 1) 11<1. 01' S"um I. S bch i"cI/AV ... o\'er prow. I.; S",. Syd.23I:r(?)h bS 91 - . ,ricn, ("'E lS). l id. of Miocrv. '-. 0000 .00w·Prow I., ""0(} t>clow. S)'d, 23 I b, .VF:~[C'C"'f'1t 65 ~2 "ox"'''''- AU ,- lid . of Mc"u,y f.: 00 ,OO .. ""Prow I.; ~", i " ~., . bo,,,. l' i",, ; ~"o" p.>' /,() 93 - , .ftc~ , I I Be, ""ta"' (AE I7t l Id . "I' Mercury •. , 00 '00"' / 1',,,,, ,.: 00 t>c lo",·. C,- 5/)/0. Vf ~5

'14 _ , 17'1 __ 176 BCserniHAE:W), Ild. of &>, u~' ' .. S och;r><1. Prow •. ; S ,OOw l 1'",,"' f .. S abo,'.' oolp~ i "" r. Cr. ItA)! 2. Roogll F, ~

9S -. 167-1551lC.";cn'(AEI 8). lId, of Mi"",". r.: 0 000 abo"e/ Prow r.: """" hok"". Syd. " I b. FlIF;g.c"",' 1"",

W % - . 1.10 llC,q,,'dn'",(AJOI S). lid, of li orc" b . r __ 000 t>chi odIPro,,' " M.Ye..R.C.oo\c.Cr. 257/4, VflF+, oo' >001< .dhc-J ioo,. 60 97 -, 90 Be.., (A E25), JOnlOi; hd J ~row ,. t . P I ~O (I' RVGI] aoo"o. Cr, 340.'4 ICalp"m i. ) .• f, dk gr«11 1'" -"0 n M'-TO ~' I ~' US P1I)S, os, Aono,,, ,Odg., ",i,h ""'''"''OT"a, ",>ldi"g g"';" c."ovcr . ,nod i",. Cohen 44. F+/F 40 99 _ . _ . F",,,,",, ' hlg., ,, ;,h n';'to, &,

eornocopia.. Cohen 650. f + (,() 100-. - . Mir-.cl'" ,.dg, Cohm 746 aVf 7~

101 MARCUS A II ~ f:l . l llS, '''' ''e<_ ,io, . VICT GERM IM P VI COS 11 1 in ",'.ath, COho" ?95: RIC 125(1, FNG; « arce '.I()

102 f AUST !,";A lI • .,. Di.", ""kJing ,orch tr>n>v<ru:iy. C",""" W>: ~IC 162'1 F+ , '-. 60 1Q:; .... DlVAFAVSl l NAPlAC",._ cen' with scv<n ""'. Cohen 2 11, KIC 1714. H ; ;m:g. nan " ... " "" .. ,,' '-. 60 1(14-.-. FAVST1NA AVG PII,o,VG Fl: bu" I.lF.liei .. , "dg. Coho .. IW: KI C 1391 . vr, OK f"' two mi"", pi" .

W 105 _ . oUf'Ol ," iuSOf"" 1!;I,ri".,Wg '-. hold ingcomocopoa & 1'-" "" Co"""

Ill ; RIC I)%. 'Vl' ,., 106 -. !"",,"~~.I,,I'O"'''' I. . ' I,,~ ft.Coho1l1!l;RICI198. F+ W 10J .. . SA FCV U FHKl1 C""mod", & ,\ n,,,,, in", as child"", "" th.-(Jno.Cohen I'!. ,RIC 1(>6(,. Fino SO I O ~ ~, _ .. Sal"' ,,,,,,,,1 I. feed ing , nok. Cohen 194. VI', ex<. f,-" '" '''''' ""foe< problem' W 10'1 _ . >do. Vl:NVS CENFTRlCl Vo · rt"" " dS- I .. appklo r .. "'''1''e< ;n l. c"",-", lJ7; ".. ric,y ''" '''',"<I ;n RTC. F+ .. " 90 I tO LUUU.A. '"'. Sa l"' . utS- I., f«d· inp" .. " .I .. " , I. C"",,"67; R1C 1761 ,- ~

I I I CO~IMOD US. ,,, .. SPQR LAHIlTA(;" w"'.'~' Col"", 71J : RIC 55 L FNO,,,,",ce W ll 2 _ , d" po,,~ i ", . R<lma « ..cd I C""",, n 478, KIC 44J.Ki<;(, f",c M III C~ I S I'H' ,\ • .,. [J ,. "a ho lo"'8 ""<h. CO,,"," Il. F;,,,,, ";oq ""'''';' 65 114-. - . !"I\O>tdg. l. SRlnew)6017 Fi no iii 115 _ ._. V"" ..... pple ", ' .. I, pu'li "K ond""""Y.',,,"~,Cohcn37 , f'l1' 7, 116 SfPT I.\lI US SfV~; RIJ~. " -,;, , F<­!ici ,y srdg. I.. ft . on prow, hold i"g. ead" __ "' ... &eorn""op;'. CI"," 124. FloI' Iol 117 _ ,_ . Vl R[ AWi TRPCOS R,. n. Hdg. I. Coh,," 15]. F , If , bu' f""""" Io()

I l ~ J UU,\ nO~INA , .s, MATl' F DFV M Cybol< ,ea'oo ht~' . li M •. SKI''''''') 661S. VG: sc.teO "" " .. .. " l~ I I~ CA~CALt.4-.=. ""'~odv, 1 .. li ft_ m~ ,l ;rt, 1~,IJ ;n¥ flower. Co/x;" W). ~I \'0 50 120 M,I C Rl I'IJ S. ",,., Sec",;,,,, b o· ing on columll. hold,oS sc<pte<. COOC" M . VG: g'''''"p.>' I" 121 UI,\ OUM ~; NIIJ,\1 , ",,>I, VOU" ~ p.-inco , Wg. ~tw. ",.",I.w.t I. .n~ t.,o "a",lard .. " . RIC 21 1. VO: d«""p"'­.... " 13~ In JU U ASOA .:.\ I! AS, """, VENVS CAEtE$Tl'j v<"", "<1g .• ,,'i'h awl<: & <e0P«I. Cooon 12. fiVG 100 IZJ JlT l.4- \I A!:SA . 50 ... P;ct .. "ug. l.,hold;Oi oox of i""on", o"er . I .. r, Cohcn31..F 90 \24 S E VE~IJS ,\ I.EXA~' l) E ~, ''',''. P" wO:l<n<:c I .. le.n;ng on <01 "'I"', Coho. 113. f 'lf 7l 125 _ . _ . Spe,arl" . I., liftiog,k,n a"" ooldins fiowC/. Co]...,n ~47 . f,-... t"", __ , ive in 'l'i'e offia" n.w, SO 126 - .d"" .,o" aboR CoItcn 551 .• VF

' 00 In - , " . Vi<;,ory i,,"'ribing VOT X < ... ,~;';Id . Co",,", 3%. H 60 128 JULI A ,~IA.'I [A. , eM. VEN£RI FFLlCl v."u, f""ing. bot ' .. ~ol,l i"~ sceplCl & C""iJ. Cohco 62. H II' (,() 129 MAXI ~lII'iUS. sc". Vic'Of)' ru n· ,,;"~ ' .. hotd;,~ p.>lrn , nd wrcar h, Cot.," 100 . 1'11. 1' ., 1, 0 MAXI.~I !JS. « <1 . I'R lN(:J 1'1 IV VENTOTIS M"imu, >ldg. I.. 'wo '''",L.nkar r. Cooc,, 14. F' 75 I} I _ . , hop . As ' 00"<. CoIx .. I}, V~I f + 80 1}2 GORO I,\ I' Ill • ." Ernp , >ld ~ .. hoIdi"g src'" & globe. CoIocn l oS. aVF, exc. Ha" bre.k .. to 0 ' clod )~

133 Pill LIP I, ""t. Emp. ",ared in c"", lceMil. IwkJ in~ giot>< . Coocn 12 1 F< . 65 114 _ . _ . SAlTVLVM NOVVM Rom. "".,oct in "i, ·col . <cmpic. Cohen 201, f'1.F . """ " "" " ... " ...... ",, .... ,, "" 45 13 l T~ .4-J AN Dt:ClUS, AR "01oo ;o;,o u" Two P.nnoni, ", " d\:. COO," 116. VF SO 1)6 HE~[>;N lA t:T~USCl I.LA. = . F«und;",,'dg, I. (:ol><n 12 , Firoc 45 137 T R.; lIO:'>'IANIJS C ALI .US, b;'-100 antooi";"",,,- I'~ .. " <1g. I. bc r"", . I,or, COOCl188 .• Vf 35 13g - .AEa_,;n;"""" M,,, ;" """'-", runJling LCohcn 71v.aVf SO 1.39 _ . _ . Equ;"""lg.hol,hn£sc,Ic .. , Col><n 9. YFN f t SO 140-. SO,. . Sal", "d~. r" fc-ooing ><r· 1'<"" COOenl I5. F ' 60 141 -,-. p"" " dg. 1. Cohen 74.Good fine 4S

END OF SALE

October 2002 21

Just My Claudius II Ant's Worth by Finn Johannessen

Prologue, sort of. .. In the latc 1970's I was a below medi­

um interested collector of Norwegian slamps. After having been through a 10-year ambivalent relationship with these toothed squares, I faced the facts: It bored me. Then 1 acquired ten Sieg-albums (the Norwegian cousin of the Whitman-fold ­er), equipped with small holes in the card­board - a nanuw home for every coin is­sued after 1874. I was now a coin collec­tor. But alas, the grass was not greener on the other side. I was still bored. Then, one midnight dreary, as I pondered over a fixed-price list from a small-time Norwe­gian dealer, I read a line that I had to read again. And again. II said: Roman emper­or. Dominitian (Sic!) 81-96, bronze AS. quality fine . I was stunned. An almost 2000-yearold coin from a Roman emper­or (whom I adrnittedly had never heard 01) that cost less than a 50 0re from 1954. And Ihe quality was fine! That would have to be exceptional for such an old coin. r ordcred it, received it and made love to it. With some effort J was able to decipher the legends, and to locate the correct emperor in the encyclopaedia. Hook, line and sinker.

Unfortunately the typical small Nor­wegian village is not usually equipped with such a thing as a coin dealer special­izing in Roman coins and its associated literature. Hardly even a coin dealer. But a library we had, and they had a copy of Scar's Roman Coins and Their Values - a goldminc for a novice! It also comained the address to Seaby's in London, from whom I ordered my own copy, and topped it with a set of Roman Silver Coins. r sub­scribed to Seaby's Coin & Medal Bulle-

lin , and from this wonderful li tt le pub­lication I purchased several coins that I could not really afford. A Norwegian dealer, Oslo Mynlhandel, also had a variety of ancients in their various lists and auctions catalogues, so for a while I was content.

But then suddenly there was no more Seaby bulletins, and my dear Sear copies had not much more to offer. Due to a gen­eral unavailability of coins and its natural accessories, accompanied by a moving process and several other circumstances (no, I was not in prison), I wem into a numismatic hibernation for almost a de­cade. Then, in 1997, I discovered the El­dorado of coins, dealers and fcllow col­lectors that I could reach through the In­ternet. For me and I am sure many oth­ers, the communication forum we know as "The Web" has become an indispens­able neccssity in one's collecting. Hap­pily, J continued whcre I had given up; buying every affordable coin that caught my eye. My only criterion was that it should have the pOltrait of a personali ty not yet in my collection, and hold a cer­tain standard concerning quality. For a while, though, I had had an uneasy feel­ing; something was not quile right, and I knew what it was. Douglas Smith opened my eyes with force when he, in an Inter­net discussion group, told the talc of how he, after years of dreaming and hoping, at last had found a coin that he knew could exist! This was a person who not only knew every catalogued coin within his area of interest, but also those not cata­logued, and as if that was not enough: he could see which co ins that logically should/could ex ist, and was patiently wait­ing for them! What a feeling it must have been to finally find that Julia Domna.

I had at that point already realized that I wwo; not really a coin collector, merely a

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22 The Celator

coin accumulator. It was not satisfactory in the long lun, but I had a problem that prohibited me from choosing a special area: my budget. If I should manage to build a special collection of some size and quality before the last hand was dealt, I wou ld have to give up the hip-shot col­lecting. I knew that my conscience would not allow me to spend the $ 350.00 on that wonderful Ciodius Albinus when it would mean no nourishment for my newborn baby. Or ... could J afford both? Was there an emperor whose coinage was both readi­ly available, not too comprehensive nor expensive? Without knowing it, 1 had al­ready answered my own question. 1 had just bid on a coin in an online auction, with no description except for the emperor's name and a scan so poor that I still wonder why the seller bothered to usc it. I was so annoyed that I had to see what it looked like. J got the coin for the cost of a six­pack, and 10' and behold, it was a very nice and scarce antoninianus of Claudius II -PAX AETERNAlSPQR reverse from the first phase of the second emission of Cyzi­cus. I A good start, and my choice was made. I should be able to afford a fistfu l of $ 10.00 coins each month in addition to my love-at -first -sight purchases. I equipped myself with RJC (Roman Impe­rial Coinage) Vol. V, Pt.I, and two new coin trays. I was ready. 1 was wrong.

First - the Antoniniani of Claudius II arc not really found in abundance, at least not when compared to other emperors of this time. I did a totally unscientific re­search in the outlets where latc third cen­tmy antoniniani are naturally disposed of, and found as follows: for every Claudius II antoninianus for sale, there was 1.5 of Valerian I, 3.7 of Gallienus, 2.5 of Aureli­an and 2.8 of Probus. Furthennore, r wouJd roughly estimate that 70% of the available coins come from 30% of the most com­mon types, mainly the second issue of Rome with the IMP C CLAVDIVS AVO legend and some Siscian types. In addi ­tion to this, 60-70% of the coins offered for sale are in such a condition that I would not include them in my collection unless for a very good reason. Conclusion: find­ing one coin or 50 of Claudius II should cause no problem . Finding a really nice one may take a little effort, and you may have some competit ion. Finding a real­ly nice and scarce specimen can cause serious waiting, and you may find that it will cost you more than a nice VF Ac­lius denarius.

r ..

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Second - RIC V, Pt. I - Roman Imperi­al Coirwge - the thick green book listing every variety of evcry coin ever minted for my favorite emperor. Not quite so, I'm regret. There exist many coins, both main types and varieties, that are not listed in RIC. There are listed coins in RIC that should not be there, and last; there are list­ed coins in RIC that should be there, but on a different page, where they in addi­tion sometimes are found. The coins are also listed alphabetically by mint, not taking into consideration that there were several emissions from the various milliS, each with its own specific char­acteristics. But RI C is 75 years old, and huge amounts of coins has surfaced since then, thus paving the way for the recent progress in scholarship on thcse fascinating Iittlc planchcts of metal. Paul Withers of Galata Coins was able to pro­vide me with a copy of The Normanby Hoard and other Roman coin hoards, an essential publication for anyone inter­ested in the radiates of the late third cen­tury. I have a list of other books and ref­erences that belongs in my shelf, unfortu­nately many of them are quite obscure. But I'll be there when they come around.

The point I am trying to make with this rambling is something like this: The real fun (for me) in this hobby stmted the day

I actually was able to make independent observations. I could point my finger at an entry in a catalogue or a reference book, put on my most important face and say to myself: "Can that possible be correct. For instance, the case of the famous ..

DEOCABIRO reverse of the Antioch mint. 2 The

Cabiri were the sons of Vulcan, the god of fire and iron . Their appearance on this eastern issue has been connected to the fact that they where also the patron gods of Thessalonica, and had defend­ed the city against a Gothic attack. Where wou ld they fit better than on a coin of Claudius Gothicus!

This reverse type is often cited due to the unique inscription and it being the only Roman coi n depicting (one of) the Cabiri.

Thei r father, Vulcan , is depicted on another Antioch mdiate ofelaudius 11 with the unique reverse legend "REG I ARTIS") , (see Figure 1) which may be translated to "King of the Arts". The spec­imens that I have seen of this coin show Vulcan standing right, wearing a pileus. holding a hammer with his right hand, and tongs with his left. TIle DEO CABIRO reverse is strangely enough identical, the only difference being that Vulcan is now described as Cabirus.

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24 The Celator

RIC lists both Vulcan and Cabirus as "standing right, holding hanuller and nails." Vulcan is clearly holding hammer and!Q!J.gS. Vagi4 , for goOO measure, describes both de­ities as "one of the Cabiri". The right hand content of the REGI ARTIS reverse figure has, however. changed to tongs: he has obvi­ously studied his plate coin from page 75. Cabirus is still equipped with nails. Van Meter'i has traded nails for tongs on both coins, and suddenly Cabirus is standing left! I had become very curious at this point, and sooner or later I had to get one for my collec· tion, anyway. I started sc.mhing the Inter­net. Nothing. I went through aU myoId auc­tion catalogues and sales list, still nothing. I contacted those of my numismatic acquain­tances who should know if such a coin exist­ed. No one, including a Belgian collector with documentation on 23,741 antoniniani of Claudius ll, had ever seen one.

Why then, does this coin "exist'·? The source for this coin is Banduri's 1718 corpus of late Roman coins, Vol. l, pg. 340 wherehe quotes it from the Foucault collection. A. Markl suggested already in 1884 that the coin was doubtful, probably recut from a REGI ARTIS.6 A. Alfoeldi does not mention this type ill his extensive listings of the eastern issues, 7 but illustrates three examples of the REGI ARTIS (Tafel 43,15-16: 44, 20).

Both types are known only hum officina Z, REGI ARTIS also with a blank exergue. l bis may indicate that the officina mark was left unmanipulated on the cited example. Why the exact same reverse type as there were two of the Cabiri'! There is no good explanation or precedence for copying an existing type this way, a lack of imagination or crafisr11imship (there are exceptions) is not something the ancientcelatorscan be accused of usually. Even though Vulcan is not often depicted on Roman coins, he appears on re­versesofboth Valerianl8 and Gallienus,~ thus it should not be sUlprising to find him on a coin of Claudius II. There may have bxn some good reason for his reappearance on coins in this period that is unknown to us. The Cabiri, however, would be a novelty. And there should have been two of them.

The Foucault co!lection from which Banduri 's DED CAB IRO was quoted was acquired by the Flli11CSC collection in Parma and the Faroese collection became the ba~is of the collection of the Musco Archoologico Nacionale in Naples. A problem in locating this coin today is that the museum's col­lection was looted a couple of decades ago. I did, however, contact the museum and received - surprisingly fast <c a leiter from the "Min istem per i Beni e IeAttivita Cul­turali". In a very correct and polite tone J was informed that there was unfortunate­ly no such coin to be found in Naples.

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October 2002 25

HIe only recent appeanUlce of tillS coin that I am aware of is the unilluslnlted speci­men from KaIner Mlinzkabinett (f yll Kro-­ha), Auktion 61 (1994), Nr. 431. Nothing would please me more than if tillS coin could invalicllite my suspicions, but I am afraid we would find a misattributcd REGI ARTIS. Until someone can come up with an un­questionable genuine example of this coin, it may consider itself deleted from all my references. On tile other hand, you may sometimes find coins tlmt - if one follows the established minting sequence - shou ld not exist. Like these:

Siscian Strangers The coinage of Claudius n from Siscia

has been divided into four main issues that can be characterized as follows:IO

la - Obverse legend"' IMP CLAVDlVS CAES AVG"', nootlkina mark.

Ib - Obverse legend " llvlPCLAVDlVS PF AVG"', no officina mark.

2a - Obverse legend" IMP CLAVDIVS AVG". large portrait, no oflici.na mark.

2b - Obverse legend" IMP CLAVDlVS AVG", large portrait, otlicina mark I or n.

3a - Obverse legend .. IMP CLAVOIVS AVG", small poltmit, officina mark I or II.

3b - Obverse legend " IMP CLAVDlVS AVG"', small portrait, no officina mark.

4 - Obverse legend" IMP CLAVDlVS AVG", small portrait, otlkinamrnt P, S, TorQ.

The development of the portrait style is quite interesting to follow. Although the Sp..111

of the coinage lasted less than two years, the change in the emperor's appearance is pal­pable. The JXlttrail" of the first and second issue are generally large, dull and lacking character. You rarely find a representation of Claudius 11 that is even close to making him appear somewhat dignified. The busts are usually draped and cuinl.';SCd. Through the next emissions the JXlrtra.it hccomes more stylized. It will often have a fierce, staring look, almost cartoorllsh. The cuirassed bust is taking over, not really helping in his ap­pearance. TIle illustrated LAETlTlA AVO from the fourth emission (see Figure 2)

would be easier to accept as an illustration of a "constipated baboon in a straitjacket" than as an emperor ofthc Roman Empire. Could be, of course, that is what he really looked like; fortunately a coin from the first issue of Mediolanurn helps to balance the picture. For Claudius U's s."lke I hope this isarnore realis­tic portrait (sec t'igurc 3).

As mentioned above the busts of the flJ"St two issues were mainly the draped and cui­ra~scd: of the 64 specimens in the Nonnan­by hu.mi, 58 were of this type, 6 were head only. No cuimssed only.

In the first part of the third issue there were found 83 specimens. Of these 72 had the cuirassed buSI (including two exceptional left­facing busts with spear and shield), II had various draped busts.

Out of the 55 specimens in the second part of the third issuc only two had the drdpcd and cuirasscd bust.

In the fourth issue all the 39 specimens had the cuirassed only bust.

Thcn a coin that fits nowhere pops up (see J<lgurc4). Theoflicina mark "s" should safe­ly place this coin in the fourth issue, struck in the second oflicina. But the bust type docs not belong there, and the portrait is typical for the earlier issues; compare with figures 5 and 6 which are from, and typical for, the scc(JIld issue. What has happened? It is, as far as I c~m tell , no! a mule. Gallienus did not use this reverse type with this mint­mark . Cou ld be a celator of the second officina who had trouble with adapting to the new politics of unsigned reverses; the last issue of Gallienus from this mint would sometimes carry an "S" in the right field. Maybe the same person engraved the reverse die of the FORTVNA RED of issue I a in figure 7, which also carries an "S" in the same place. This could have been a reverse die of Oallienus I I , as he used the same reverse in his latest issue from Siseia. But the possibility is weak­ened by the existence of another specimen that escaped me some time ago l ! . Exact­ly the same coin, but from different dies. The "S" seems to be intentional.

Ancient Greek Roman Republic

Roman Empire Byzantine

26 The Gelator

Celt ic

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TIlC Veoc-rd hoanllJ contained a few, rare coins with draped and cuirassed bust that have been assigned to the fourth emission; all from officina "S". Unfortunately I have not seen pictures of these, lll1d can therefore not tell if the JXlttrait wa~ of similarslyie a~ the PROY­!DEN AVO. This reverse type was, hov.'ev­er, not among them.

Another factor to consider is that both FORTVNA RED's and the PROVIDEN AVO, along with seveml other coins from the scarce fir.-;t issue and m~ll1y "normal" types from the second issue, have come from the same source over a relatively short time-span. No specimens from the third orfourth issue. This should indicate that not so long ago, somebody's metal-detector reacted a~ stated in the instructions over some temporarily rich - obviollsly legitimately worried - person's savingsl1ool.. They were buried in a hwry sometime in the beginning of the reign of Claudius Gothicus, and the owner was later pennanentJy prevented from enjoying his wealth. Speculations? Yes, but sti!! quite possible. And it would strengthen my cw;c in placing the coins in issue 11 .

The only conclusion J am able to dmw from all this is that the second officina of the Siscia mint did not always follow the rigid pallem of markedlunmarked rever.-;c.s com­bined with specific bust types as suggested by Bland and Bumett. On the FORlVNA RED's mentioned above, the "S" does not belong. lfthe PROVIDEN AVG is indeed from issue 2, the "5" does not belong there either. If the coin is from the fourth issue, the bust ty~ and (in my eyes) the portrait is anomalous.

But strangely enough, when it comes to coins, the ones that do not follow the regular patterns are the ones we love mos!. TIlCsc two have truly given me value for my mon­ey, about Il1300ofthepriccofan EID-MAR denarius. 50 has this not vcry high gradc but. .

Wonderful Cyzicus Radiate I found this coin (see Figure 8) in the

fixed-price list of one of the many small-time dealers who ha~ found the Intemct as a natu­ral outlet fortheir stock. I almost choked my mouse to death and pushed the keys tll11)ugh the board in my frenetic attempt to get the buy message across the Atlantic. Why? Hard to tell , but there is something about this coin Ihat, in my eyes, makes it a won­derful work of ancient miniature art; the facial features, the dignified almost arro­gant attitude of the bust and the way the legend works as a frame. Even though it grades but a weak VF, it has the charisma, or eye-appeal, that can make acertain coin vcry special for a collector. Which brings fonh a digression:

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The various aspects on how to properly grade an ancient coin have been discussed over ,md over again; it shaU not be redone here. T would only like to bring to your at­tention the two-grade system originated by Raben Kokotailo of Calgary Coin Oallery. It goes something like this:

Omde I : I like the coin. Orade 2: I do not like the coin. The price should be detennined by how

high the coin scores on grade I. The use of this system does of course

require a personal examination of the coin in question, or a good sean or pic­ture. But who goes on a blind date these days. Digression over.

My coin belongs to the third emission of the mintofCyzicus, I4 lllis emission can be separated from the fonner from the lack of the letters SPQR in the exergue; it also Cat~ ries the shorter obverse legend IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVO. Coins were struck from three officinae in Cyzicus, a coin's ori­gin can sometimes be eXJXlsed by one, two or three dOl~ on the obverse. The dots are usually placed at 6-7 o'clock below the bust, but arc ollen very faint, and hardly notice­able. The attention tJle dots are given on tills coin is quite unusual, so is the way they work as an introduction to tile legend.

Now 10 Ihe reason for mentioning this coin.

Cohen 292 ciles a coin in Paris lrom the mint of Rome with the VICTORlAAVG re­verse, obverse legend IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVO and tJu"Ce dots under the bust. TIle coin was reported to have the radiale head righi, and an "A" in tile left reverse ficld. Accord­ingtoMarkl l ~ the coin is not in Paris atld the PF m the obverse legend and the three dots should be deleted. This would make the Co­hen coin an ordinary antoninianus of tile sec­ond issue of Rome. But why would Cohen make these inventions?

The VlcrORlJI. AVO reverse is known from the very mre illltial emission ofClaudi­us II from Rome, carrying the long obverse legend TMPCM AVR CLAVDTVS PF AVO. They were struck in the lirst officina, ''A''.

The second, slightly less rare, part of tills is­sue had the same obverse legend as the tllird enllssion of Cyzicus, IMP CLAVDTVS PF AVO. No such coins have, to my knowl­edge, been rejX}rted with the VICTORIA AVG reverse, although there is absolutely no reason why they should not ex.ist.

But, none of the repented coms from the lirst issue carries a mintmark; the "A"' on the re'verse does not belong there. All the reJX>rt­ed coms have cuira<;sed or draped and cui­msscd busts, none with a head only, Thedots below the bust do not correspond with the minting practice at Rome. The described coin is obviously some kind offanta~y. But could it have been a close relative of my coin that fUlled Cohen? The VICl"ORIAAVOreverse was struck in the third emission at Cyzicus. 16

A specimen from the third officina, struck with dies cut by the same hand<; that were used to give binh to my coin, could possibly have conned Cohen. Theobvcrse legend was known lrom Rome and the portrait and bust have, in my humble opinion. much more in common with those from Rome than with the average Cyzicus product; see figures 9 and 10. Maybe the "A" on the reverse wa~ the invention, not the dol<; or the PF in the legend. If, however, Cohen was correct, I hope this coin has the courtesy to alert me before it decides to surface again.

EpilOb'llC, sort of. .. About a week ago my wife inadvertently

opened OllC of the small, padded envelopes that on a rare occa~ion would come my way. In a suspiciously calm voice she called my name, asking me gently to join her. I got a strange feeling of unease: something wa~ definitely wrong. Very wrong. As T stood beside her, my attention was dmwn to the content of her hands. [Iu)ked at it in disbe­lief. "You know I have never a~kcd you alx>ut yourcoill expenses," she said, continuing, "I have always trusted you to have the neces­sary judgement and cost control, but this ... " She almost started to cry, and I stared at tile two coins. They were small, ugly silvercoins of a type that I had absolutely no interest in.

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28 The Gelator

But I knew I had seen them before. J had recently passed them by with acouple offa~t clicks on an Internet auction. I remember thinking that some JXlOf sucker would even­tually pay gexxl money for those hardly rec­ognizable lumps of poor silver. And now they were here. And the invoice. Those two coins cost more than the rest of my collec­tion. What had happened? I staJ1Cd to panic. If I had been caught with a mint state VIC­TORIA OM llilt' in my bright red hand, then tilat I could have son of lived with, the gain would have outweighed the pain. But this! It was so total ly unfair, and .. .l stocxl there, totally paralyzed and pale as an acid-cleaned dcnmius, knowing that 110 lies, nor the truth could save me this time. Then r woke up. I lay totally still for a couple of minutes. trying to realize that it had only been a dream. I spent a few seconds trying to see if there could be some kind of reason for me being haunt­ed by such a horrible incident., ignored the conclusions and went to the window. It was time for the postman to alTive. I had retoned nicely, and had no intentions of not bemg first to the post-box tOOay.

Acknowledgements My thanks to Curtis Clay and Stephen

Coulter for providing vit.ll infonnation for this article.

Endnotes I Although there has been some discus­

sion concerning the actual location of this mint, it seems as if tllere is general agree­ment for it being located at Cyzicus dwing the reign of Claudius IT.

2 RIC 204 3RlC215 4 David Vagi - Coinage And Hi.l"tol}' ()f

The ROl/Um Empire # 2322 5 David Van Meter - Handbook Of Ro­

man Imperial Coins - Claudius Gothicus 7 ~ NumisrnatischeZeitschrift 16, 1884, pg.

458 1 Andreas Alfocldi - Swdien zur Ge­

sehiehte der Weltkme des 3. JaIJrlumdetts ,weh Chrisms pp. 166-9

8RlC5 9 RIC 633 (S) 10 A.M.Bumett., KF.Bland - Coin hoards

from Roman Britain \{A. VIII - 771e Nonnan­by Hoard and Olher Ranum Coin Hoards

II Nonnanby Hoard 576 12 ColI. Jcan-Claudc'lbiry 11 Giard. Je<Ul-Baptiste, Ripostigliodel/a

ltllcra - Nuovo Catalago llIustmto: Gord­iano 11/ - Quinri/to, Volume L

14 Venera hoard # 9903 var. - the Venera specimen is from the second otlicina.

15 Nunusmatische Zeitschrift 1905 p.70 I~ Andrea<; Alfocldi - Studien zur Ge­

schichte der Weltkrise des 3. Jahrhunderts noeh Chn'.I"tus, talC! 56, 16.

NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA AG is proud to announce

Auction 24

A Highly Important Collection of Roman and Byzantine Gold Coins, Property of an European Nobleman

The most complete and extensive selection of Roman gold coins offered in a single public sale in the last one hundred years

December 5, 2002 at the Hotel Baur au Lac in Zurich

Maximianus Herculius medallion of 8 aurei

Catalogue sent on request upon payment of

an annual subscription of US$ 75

NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA AG

Niederdorfstrasse 43 P.O. Box 745 CH-8025 Zurich Tel. +41 1261 1703 Fax +4112615324

E-Mail: [email protected]

October 2002 29

Illustrations from t he Autho r's Collection of Claudius II Antoninian i (Not to actual size)

Figure I - REGI ARTIS reverse (21mm) Figure 2- PROVIOEN AVGIS reverse (21mm)

Figure 4-VICTORIA AVG reverse (19mm) Figure 5- PROVIDEN AVG reverse (24mm)

Figure 3-LAETITIA AVG reverse (19mm)

Figure 6-AEQVITAS AVG reverse (21mm)

Figure 7- FORTVNA REDIS reverse (21mm) Figure 8- VIRTVS AVG reverse (21mm)

Figure 9-VICTORIAE GOTHIC (Cyzicus mint) reverse (2 1mm)

Figure 10- ANNONA AVG (Rome mint) reverse (21mm)

MORTON & EDEN LTD in as sociation with Sothebys 45 Maddox Street I,ondon \\/1 S 2PE

Auctions, Valuations and Sales of

Ancient, Islamic and \'\1orld Coins, i\ ledals, Decorations and Banknotes

Pk~~l' c< ,ntan j:1mo.:s \ lon, H1, Torn I ~dnl " r

Stcve l ,Ioyd for :1,h'ico.: un bu:' ing or ~t'liing

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30 The Gelator

A/xmt theallfhar- Finn Johannessen is 38, married. and works as senior executive of­ficer in the Norwegian Defense Logistics org'Ulization. With the exception of a vely short intennezzo at a university, his academ­ical background comes lium the school of life. Previously employed as a sJaughterer, accounting clerk, painter, ditch digger at the railroads, forest planter (Picea abies), office­clerk in a newsJXlper and forklift operator. He purchased his fll'St Roman coin in the mid­eighties, but did not really start collecting until the late nineties when the lntemet made it possible 10 acquire a new coin more often thaJl twice a year.

~ Harlan J. Berk, Ltd ~ 129th BUY OR BID SALE and AUCTION (lots 376-409)

Buy or Bid Sale, Lots 1-375 & 410-482. Closing Date is October 24, 2002. Buy amounts are shown.

e'·' . .,., , , . ..

Nero 1,900

#41 Pbilippicus 8.000

#60 Thurium 6,000

#283 Titus 9,500

#380 (Auction) Macrinus

6,SOO

111>" ". I~ ~ .' : II! , '

#196 Julia Tili 3,250

.~ # 172 Claudius

3,250

#249 Regalianus 9,750

#432 Egyptian Ostracon 1550·1069 Be 9,750

AU1~tion, Lots 376-409. C1ol!ing StaLrtin!! bids are shown.

31 N. Clark Street Chicago, Illinois 60602

www.harlanjberk.com (312) 609-0018 Established 1964 Fax (312) 609-1309

October 2002 31

Anastasios P. Tzamalis Celebrates His 65th Birthday by Dr. Hans Wilski

Anastasios P. Tzamalis, onc of the most active numismatists in various fields of numismatics from ancient Greece to the present day, is going to celebrate his 65 Lh

birthday on October 24'1>, 2002. As the author of about 200 articles, many lec­tures, four books, and as editor of many others, he has provided students and col­lectors with interesting and valuable in­formation on coins. banknotes and mon­etary history. Let us take this opportunity to thank him for his enonnous activity and work, and congratulate him on his 65 '~ birthday, wishing him all the best for the future, glXxi health, and many happy re­turns of the day.

Tasso, as his friends call him, was bom October 24"', 1937 in Athens. Greece. His father, Panagiotis, came from Aris, near Kalamala and his mother; Eleuthena Sterioti, from the island of Zakynthos. He was the

sixth Tzarnalis 10 bear the name Anastasios, the first having been a hero of the War of Independence (1821-1828). lhis anccstor later led a revolution against the new gov­ernment and was executed in 1834.

After having finished high schooL TZ3maiis studied for a degree in Econom­ics at the University of Athens from 1958-1963. From 1964-1965 he was on mili­tary service, earning the final rank of Cor­poral. Then, after two years work as an accountant for the National Insurance Co .. he worked as a free- lance accountant for various companies and as an insurance agent. In 1971 he married Marion 1. Knight from England. They have two sons. Panagiotis (born 1973) and Alexander (born 1975). AI that time they moved to Hal andri, a nonhem suburb of Athens. In the following years, 1980-1988, Tzamalis was director of the collector's magazine S.y/lektikos Kosmos, and in 1991 he was appointed Curator ofthc Alpha Bank Nu­mismatic Collection. Since that time he

~rofiles in ~ umismatics

.Tascha Heifetz 1901·1987

A child prodigy, Russian-born violinist

Iasc ha Heifetz was a coin collector of some no te. He collected coins, including

ancient coinage, fo r most of his adult life,

and had consigned some of his coins to

two sales conducted by Morgenthau in 1937 and 1938. Superior Gal­leries of Beverly Hills, California (at that time owned and operated by Ira & Larry Goldberg) sold the balance of his co llection o n October 1 st ,

1989. Heifetz gave his f irst public appearance as a violinist at age five.

Six years later, he was enrolled in the SI. Petersburg Conservatory, and two years after that he p resented hi s first formal concert. He fl ed Rus­

sia after the 1917 Revolution, m oved to the U .S. where he finally set­tled down in Beverly H ills after establishing his reputation worldwide

as a brilliant violinist. He also owned a 1731 Stradivarius violin that

he had purchased in 1937 for $30,000.

This feature is provided courtesy or George Frederick Kolbe Fine Numismatic Books, Crestline, CA 92325

32 The Gelator

Anastasios P Tzamalis and two of his canine companions.

has made this collection the best private ancicnt Greek coin collection in Grcece, and one of the foremost in the world [see "A Coin Quest: Exploring the Museums of Greece and Turkey" by Mark Rakicic, The Celatar, October 1995, pg. 25J .

ParaJleI to his successful business career, he joined the Hellenic Numismatic Society in 1974 because of his steadily iI1CfC.1sing interest in coins, Two years later, he started writing wticlcs in Greek and English for vari­ous foreign jOLUnais, and in 1977 he pub­lished his first book, Coins of the Greek World. His second book, Coins of Modem Greece. followed three years later, wld in 1981 hcauthored Coinsoftm- Frankish Oc­("Ulkltion of Greece.

In 1979 Tzmnalis was elected to the Council of the Hellenic Numismatic So­ciety, in 1986 he was elected Treasurer, and in 1989 became Vice President. In the same year he took over the editorship of the journal of the Society, Nomismatika Khronika. The first issue of this journal had been published two years after the foundation of the Society in 1972, but it ceased publication in 1978. With his wife editing the English text, it has been pub~ lished bilingually once a year from 1989 [Volume 20 presently at press].1 A high­light occurred in his ufeon Dccembcr22Joj

,

2000: Tzamalis was proclaimed an Hon·

Conrillued on page 37.

~:::::::~~~~~~!]!~:~~~~!~:::::::l Leu Nmnismatics Ltd. Will Conduct

Thro Sales on October 22-23 in Zurich ZURICH-Leu Numismatics Ltd. tradi­

tionally holds one or more auctions in the week before the Zurich coin show. This year there will be two sales: Auction 84 contains the second part of a major pri­vale collection of Swiss coins, which is so important and so large that Leu Numis­matics will be selling it over a period of several years; Auction 85 contains a var­ied selection of Medieval and Modern coins.

Anyone interested in Swiss coins in lop condition will be impatient to receive the second part of the collection on offer at Leu, of which the first part last autumn was a highlight of the auction year. Once again, there are coins to fil every budget, from attractive minors and beautiful, but com­mon, talers, all the way to unique rarities in superb quality. The price conscious buyer will also be most interested in the many mu ltiple lots that were already amassed by the previous owner. The fol­lowing areas of Swiss coinage are in­cluded in this sale: Zurich (17'" century), Bern (Medieval and 16'h century), Burgdorf, Lucerne (18'"-19'h century), Nidwalden, Zug (16th century) , Fribourg (19th century), Greyerz, Solothurn (18'" century), Basel City (Goldgulden), Bish­opric of Basel, Schaffhausen (from the 17" century until the closure of the mint), SI. Gallen (Medieval to the 16" century), Chur, Misox, Aargau (19th century), Vaud, Valais and Neuchatel.

If there is anyone for whom the Swiss coins in Auction 84 are not enough, there are an additional 121 pieces, including many rarities, in Auct ion 85. This sale con­tains a wide selection of attractive and beautifully toned coins at all price levels. Collectors of the following areas ought to go through the catalogue, or check on the Internet, to see whether there are coins they have always wanted: Bulgaria, Den­mark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, The Holy Roman Empire and Austria, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Brazil, Russia, Spain and Spanish America, Swe­den and the USA.

The collector of coins from Spanish America will find some pleasant surprises in Leu 85. There are some especially im­portant Royal 8 Reales from Potosi and

Lima, as well as a group of seven splendid and un­usually fine gold 8 Escudo cobs from the sunken Span­ish Treasure Fleet of 1715. Whi le there are only 32 lots of US coins on offer, their com­bined estimate of nearly 240,000. -CHFoughttobea clear s ign that they include some very special coins, indeed.

Lot 456 in Leu Auction 85: Spanish America. AR 814 Reales (26.64 g), Potosi, 1652E (=Elgueta or Ergueta), struck in the weight of 8 Rea/es, but with the dies of a 4 Reales. Cy 5778 (this coin illustrated). Extremely rare, possibly unique. Holed and gilt, otherwise, very fine. Estimated at 20,000.- swfr.

The cata- 211 47 72, email: in fo@ leu -logues cost $30 each and can be ordered from Leu Numismatics Ltd., POB 2131 , 8022 Zurich, Switzerland, Tel. + 0041 1

numismatik.com. The auctions can also be viewed on the Internet: http://www.Leu­Numismatik.com.

~e (!&lbe ((UriOljitie ~boppe (0 div, of RCCA Ltd,) located at

111 South Orange A venue' South Orange, NJ 07079

A complete collectors gallery selling: U.s.! ancient, & foreign coins, U.S. & foreign stamps, paper money, tokens & medals, Classical Antiquities a/Greece, Rome, Egypt, & judaea, Pre-Columbian, American Indian, African, & Ethnographic objects

& artifacts, along with historical and popular autographs & manuscript material, Revolutionary War & earlier Americana.

BUYING & SELLING - FREE APPRAISALS "You'd be amazed at what we will buy & how much we will pay"

Prop.: Dr. Arnold R. Saslow A Sothehys.com Associate

Phone (973) 762-1588' Fax (973) 761-8406

Email: [email protected]

Gallery hours: Monday to Saturday 10:00 - 6:00 Visa, MasterCard & American Express Accepted

- ----- Gift Certificates Issued --- ---

October 2002 33

In the Eye of the Beholder by Dick Eidswick

It is true thaI beauty is in the eye of the beholder. The hobby of collecting ancient Greek coins is not only rich with artistic beauty but also with mystery, history, and myth. Some combinations of these allribules attract us to a partic­ular coin and make us want to add il 10 our collection. Hi story and mythology were the reasons for us In buy lot no. 1017, of the recent Triton V auction held in New York on January 15-16. 2002. [t is a nomos (didrachm) from Cumae minted during the fifth century Be. It is in average condition and blends in with the rest of the coins on the same

Italy

INSET

page. Why did this one say, "take me?" The answer goes to the vcry heart of why we collect these memories of the past.

There were two aspects of adding Ihis coin to our collection . First, we thought it fi t in with the theme of the collection and then it was fun finding out the provenance after the fact It sounds funny to say "the theme of our collection" because it took a long time to decide what it was. There are so many choices and so many tw ists and turns in ancient coinage that the imagination can be stretched to collect almost anything. It reminds me of what the ' Oracle of Zurich' says about collecting Greek coins: "Buy what you like and if you still like it a year from now, you made a good decision." Once we own a coin,

we like to dig imo the literature and find out more about it. In tbis case we were ex­cited and sur­prised at the sto-ry it told.

Sicily

Several years ago, not long af­ter my wife and I started collecting Greek coins, we took a trip called "The Voyage of Odysseus" spon-sored by the Art Institute of Chica­go. Starting from the ru ins of the ancient city of Troy in western Turkey, we trav­eled (approxi­mately) the rou te that Homer de-

www.AmphoraCoins.com New items added weekly

34 The Gelator

scribes in the Odyssey, a book that was required reading for the adventure. You have to use a little imagination connect­ing the stories in the book and some of the cities that we went to, but it was a great trip. One stop was Sibyl's cave in Cumae. The poem is well known for the trials and tribulations of poor Odys­seus, the interference of the gods and goddesses in his travels and the mytho­logical beasts he encounters. But it also forecasts the westward migration of the Greeks to Sicily, Magna Graecia and other areas that offered new opportuni­ties and productive farmland to pioneers and social rejects of the prosperous but overcrowded Greek cities. Much like the forces that brought so many settlers to North America in more recent times.

Odysseus describes the land of the Cyclops as "Un sown, unplowed, the earth teems with all they need, wheat, barley and vines, swelled by the rains of Zeus to yield a big full-bodied wine from clustered grapes." He continues ,

, .arti sans would have made this island too a decent place to live in ... no mean spot, it could bear you any crop you like in season. The water meadows along the low foaming shore run soft and moist, and your vines would never nag. The land is clear for plow ing, Harvest on harvest , a man could reap a healthy stand of grain- the subsoil's dark and rich". It sounds like a great place to live.

We are building our coll ection with th is theme; the western migration of the Greeks, staJ1ing with the Odyssey and extending into the new colonies they fonncd, which became new societies as they joined with the indigenous popula­tions over 500 years starting about 800 Be. The theme concludes at the time the Romans began to be the dominant force in the area.

When we looked at the Triton V cat­alog, there were many delightful trea­sures in it but this one jumped out at us. Described as:

CAMPANIA, Cumae. Circa 420-380 Be. AR Nomos (7.36 gm). Dia­de med female head right I KY­MAlON , large musse l she ll, S kylla right above . Rutter 138 (0 I 07/RI27); SNG ANS - ; SNG Lockett 66 (same dies); Jameson 39 (same dies). Toned, good VF, surfaces a little grainy. Rare. Triton V identified this coin as from the recen t collection of William Rudman, a well~ known Greek coin collector.

Of course. it was the Skylla that got our attenti on because of her interesting past and her role in the Odyssey. But this coin also has the mussel shell. the badge o f Cumne , an d probably the source of he r income in early times. Purple dye. coveted by royalty of the many Greek c ities, was eX lracted from the mussels and sold as a product. The mussel was important enough to be in­cluded on most of the coins of Cumae.

Cumae is one of the most interesting ci t ies of an cie nt Greek migra ti on. Founded in 725 BC by people fro m Chalei s in Euboca. thi s city on the sea provided access to markets for copper. iron and other metals. People from a tribe called Graii who came from a vil­lage across the siraits in Bocotia joined these settlers . They were some of the first Greeks met by the tribes who lived in the area. These nat ive Ital ians called them Graici , (Greeks) <I fte r thei r home village. As an accident of history, this

the Camp <l n i overpowered nearb y Capua. The large Skylla shouts out a warn ing to enem ies of Cumae lik e "Don't tread on me". Also, the use of retrograde inscriptions had almost d is­appeared by 420 Be as d ie engravers realized that it was easier to read the name on the coin if they engraved the d ie backward (in retrograde). Some expen numismatists believe that retro­grade was sometimes used to de liber­ately imply archaic style and used it into the 4'" century Be.

The figure 0 11 the obverse of the coin is a female head believed to be Sibyl although some think il is a local nymph with the name of the city, Kyme. Cu­mae was the home of the Sibyl. one of the mythological women who were able to forecast the fut ure. She lived in 11 cave that still ex ists today and had some in ­teresting involvement in the re lations between the Greeks and the Romans. Apoll o was in love wilh Sibyl but she

refused to consummate thei r love. As punishment Apollo gave her the gift of long life bu t not eterna l youth. She continued to age in her cave and has now atrophied to the si'l--C of a pea.

A Silver Nomos or Oidrachm of Cumae. Circa 423-420 BG. Oiademed female head right / KYMAION, large mussel shell, Skylla right above. Rutter 138 (0107/R127); SNG ANS -; SNG Lockett 66 (same dies); Jameson 39 (same dies). Ex Rudman, Ludwig (Basel), and Gillet collections.

Sibyl had received nine volumes. books that were prophecies about the future, written in Greek, She offered them a! a high price to Tar­quin, the Roman ki ng . He refused to pay so .~ he burned three of the books, He again refused to pay and she burned three more books. Then he gave in and paid the original price fo r the last three books, He learned to read them and consulted them constantly, par­ticularly in times of crises. As a result, the Greek alphabet was made avai lable to the Romans

became the Italian n:lme for all Greek people. Over time, this name was trans­lated into Latin and then to the rest of the European languages and now we know them as Greeks even though they call themselves He llenes.

Cumae was lhe fi rst Greek sculcmelll in Italy but d id not begin to strike coins until about 475 BC, over 250 years af· ter the c ity was fo unded. Th is coin is clearly fro m Cu rnac (also called KYME or KVMAE) because it has an inscrip­tion KVMAION (of the Cumaeall s) in retrograde on the reverse. Ruiter has it dated bet ween 420 and 380 BC, after the local tribe known liS ClI1npan i, took over Cumae in 420 Be. I prefer a date be­tween 423 and 420 BC at which time

who had no wriucn language. After years of refinenlCnt, this wrillen fonn became Latin and the TCSt of the European languag­es used the resultant alphabet.

Skylla dominates the reverse of the coin. We know Skylla as n fea rsome and evil monster from the Odyssey. She lurked in the rocks opposite Charybd is in the Strai ts of Messina. If a ship sailed too close to Skylla, her six vicious dog heads attacked the sailors, but if the ship ventured too far 011 the other side. the entire ship was swept away by the swirl­ing waters of Charybdi s . Odysseus saved his ship but lost six sailors by coming too close to Sky ll a.

NUMISMATIC LITERATURE Mail Bid Sale

lim:!\

(Mostly only 1-2 each)

CIosfsOctober 15"', 2002

DABIlI..ON. U. OnI!iM.d.-/a~"A"""""" . Hill BOMPOIS. H.. M",utai~~ Par /..0 C"",,,,~,,a~u du ~ ....................... ..................... l l m OlRL'ITlANSF]>I. F_ COW of Ah-xmtdnaond rn.,_ ..

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......................... .......... ............ ..... ........... IISIOO -.. SrlnriJ Mi""1 ARIiorlt... . ........... H $75 -.. 1MI'"'I""'"""C"""'~tfRomarrAntiodr .... S SIS PF~"''N. R.G_ AlNIiriJt.o_ Nw-imt Gnvl'" Romarr C ........ . .................... .. ...................................... II$4S RATIO. 11... C~ CIarJi...- C';'" Moornain,*, T""",,.. .............................. .. ..................... S SIS RAVEl~O . Mtmismmiqwc....--Fa/~ .. tl SJO 1lJDEEIl L . ~ r~mtinrltmm · ~ mn S,mb< I

............. tI SSO 1'.1UJAMS. RT_ Silwr CoinI<g< "I';" I'hdk~" ...... II SolS _ ,T/lrSiI,,,,cw,,,g.;ofllrli; ............... 11 $100

""""" BUII.NI:Tr. A .. Coi", if ,''' RaIWt I*"Id tI S40 COMPARIlTTF~ TL. Au S' 8""" lIm (&''''y C«II Co;",,~,

, , . " ... , H $2S FOSS. C" II"" ~,,, HijWiroI C""" ,,, .... ,, .. ,,''',, .. , .... ,, . II ~7S HARlAN. M .. Rail"" R'f'"Nkan M_~TJ.t 1Mir C""'" OJ/JC . 498C S $45 M:".-OOWAU-, W .. 1M .... 51<m Coil1<1g<."IN<r{' 1l $4() _,(j""*~,,dRlm"u, Co;""in I/i>wry' . . ,. tl SZS REECE. It. &MorrJ SJd~~!""" Co//. AI" G'm'e 11~liq", M''''''''k. R,.''' ,il1J!, Comui<J;'' • ....... .... .. . .... .... SS I1 Su\'Il Y, II.A" II"""", Sdwr Co;/lS \\~. III • Prf1in.;u '" &rm-s """ f>I.p;""" .. . .. .... II S45 \\>I. IV • Wn/ii", 11/. ful-,,,,,,,,, . . , ..... H $45 \1:>1. V _CKing.C.E.) Co".....-... "' R-t"' ''"X ... IUS .. II SolS SUTHERLAND. CHY. C""~ of 1M R"""",

-, R_ Gold CaiJu<lw MtJinvl-'rl. J8J· /4'u AJJ ................ , .... ..................................................... H $20

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WE STOCK O\,EK (jOITln£~ 0:0.' A.<;U I"Xl·(,lI INM:": ..... 1 '''0 ., ... 1>101<: USiConodi ... l'<>n:ilP', 0< AncicntlJoo-lcdi · <I'll (Ea<~ (,00.800 "'''') SUO exh for po,,,.,.. All'''''''' b 5l.00, Spe<,al ..... «<so,~. "",",ge 'S .OO ro. r..,. bool. 51.SO <"'~ addi,""'] boot.

SANFORDJ.DURST II Clinton Avenue

Rockville Center, NY 11570 Phone (516) 7664444; Fax (516)766-4520

October 2002 35

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Dec. 5

Dec. 7

Coming Events .... Kentucky State Numis. Assoc. Coin Show, Louisville

Spink & Son Auction, COINEX, London

Gorny & MoschAuctions 117-120, Munich

Baldwin's Auction 31, London

Baldwin's Islamic Auction 5, London

Leu Numismatics Ltd., Auctions 84 & 85, Zurich

PAN Coin Show, Monroeville, PA

Indiana State Numismatic Assoc., Indianapolis, IN

Stack'siCoin Galleries Mail Bid Sale, New York City

Morton & Eden Ltd. Auction, London

H.D. Rauch GmbH Auction 70, Vienna

Bay State Coin Show, Radisson Hotel, Boston

NGSA Auction 2, Geneva

Gerhard Hirsch Nachf. Auction, Munich

Miinzen und Medaillen AG Auction 92, Basel

Santa Clara Coin & Collectible Expo Expo, Santa Clara, CA

Numismatik Lanz Auction Sale 11" Munich

Numismatica Ars Classica Auction 24, Zurich

Jean Elsen S.A., Auction 72, Brussels, Belgium

LONG BEACH C 01N & COLLECT IBLE EXPO

February 27 - March 2, 2003 Come join our fine group of ANCIENT & FOREIGN COIN DEALERS

Auctions by Heritage Numismatic Auctions and I'ontcrio & Associates

Uc:dcr Set-up Wednesday, i<'eb. 26th, 2:00-7:00pm

Contact Us For Show & Bourse Informat ion: 1[03 Slatc St.. Santa Barbara, CA 9310[ (805) 962-9939' fax (805) 963-0827 email: lbexpo@gtc_nct web-~jtc: wwwJongbcachshow.com

Ronald J. Gillio--General Chairmnrl

Over 400 Booths of Ancient ami Foreign Coins, U.S. Coins, Paper Money,

Stamps, Sports Cards, Phone Cards, Jewelry & CoUcctihies ... and 2,000 ckaJen·.

BOSTON ... The Ancient and Foreign Coin Mecca of The Northeast!

Semi-Annual BAY STATE COIN SHOW

November \5 -16- 17, 2002

Special Ancient & Foreign Section

Chairman: Ed Aleo Box 400, Winchester. MA 01890

781 -729-9677

36 The Celator

Over 35 years ... "New England's Largest

Coin Show!.'.''' Bourse space $195 and up

Show Held At: Radisson Hotel

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Skylla was not always so mean. She was a beautiful nymph who lived on an island not far from Cumac. She liked [0

swim in the lagoon and attracted the at­tention of GJaucos, a man headed sea monstcrlhat had the lail ofadragon. Sky-11a rejected his advances and fan away from him. Frustrated. Glaucos went to another nearby island [hat was the home of Circe. Yes, thi s is the same Circe who transformed Odysseus's men into pigs. Circe was in love with Glaucos so when he asked her to help him win his way into the heart ofSkylla, she had a different idea. Circe brewed a wicked mixture of herbs and magical powders into a poison that she cast into Skylla's lagoon. When Sky­lla waded into the water up to her waist. her lower body was [ransfomled into a serpents tail with snapping dog head's emerging from her loins. She was horri­fied and angry and became bitter at ev­eryone. She set herself up on the cl iffs to attack any ship that came into her reach. She particularly wanted to attack Odys­seus because of his romantic involvemen[ with Circe. Later Skylla was transformed into a dangerous reef that still terrifies sail­ors on their way through the straits.

The reason for using Skylla on the coin is to WiUTI away the enemies of the city. much like the Gorgon head of Medusa, used to turn enemies into stone if they risked looking al a shield with that image. The Cumaeans had reason to worry about the localtribcs. About 474 Be they had to ask Syracuse to help them defeat a sea attack by Ihe Etruscans. In the end, Cu­mac was taken over by the Campani in 420 BC and ceased to exist as an indepen­dent city.

The next surprise from this little coin C~Ulle when we were studying the Skylla ref­erences. Vila Westermark wrote an article for a book honoring a Greek coin collector named Denyse Berend entitled "Skylla on the Coins of Akraga~". She included Greek coins from nthercities that featured Skylla in her different fonns. One of them was this coin from Cumae. Yes, this very coin which was sold in a NumismaticaArs Cla~sica 13. October 8, 1998, no. 42. Prior to that it wa~ #42 in the famous Ludwig collection of coins in Ba~il, Switzerland, published as Antike­museum Basel ufl(i Samm/ung Ludwig in 1988. This coin wa~ incorrectly attributed to the Evans and Jameson collection in the 000k.. A little more digging and help from our lfiends and we found an even older prove­nance. It was really from Gillet, one of the most famous collection of all! Finding such a provenance was "frosting on the cake" for this little treasure. It is amazing how these ancient coins have a unique appearance and the little breaks and denl~ let you identify them as one of a kind.

Many ancient Greek coins are truly works of art, designed and made with cre­ativity and care . This didrachm from Cumac is not so lutistic but it is fascina!­ing in the way it combines the rich histo­ry and mythology of one of the earlicst Greek colonies. For that reason it has a special place in our collection.

Gihlipgraph\' Cahn, von Herbert A., Mildenberg. Leo.

Russo, Roberto, Voeglli, Hans, Allfikemu­sewn Ba.~el wId Sammlung uldwig, Basel, 1988.

Durant, Will. The life afGreece, New York, 1939.

Fagles, Robelt. Homer: The Odyssey, 19%,

Kraay. Colin M .. Archaic (lfuJ C/(I.I',I'ical Greek Coins, Los Angeles, 1976.

Rutter. N. K., Campanian Coinage 475-380BC, Edinburgh Press. 1979.

Westermark, Ulla. "Skylla on Coins of Akragas," Stockholm. 2(XX) in P OW' Denyse, Divenissemellts Nlimisllltltiques. cd. by Sil­via Mani Hurter and CarnIen Amold-8iuc­chi, Bern. 2000.215-22 1, PI. 25.

About the Ullfhor-Did: Eidswid : is an entrepre neur, now in venlu re capital (www.arborpanncrs.com}. He lives in Ann Arbor. Michigan and has been a coin collector since he was a young boy. He is a member of the ANA and ANS and is now "totally camed away" with his pas­sion for ancient Greek coins al age 65. He cites Alan Walker as his fri end and coach, but notes that he gets help from most of the ancient coin dealers from time to time.

Beach Purchases Aes Grave Collection

owosso. MI-James E. Beach of ONosse. MI announces that his firm has purchased a large private collection of R0-man Republican Aes Grave. The collection. which COfIsists 01 owr sixty different typeS

01 cast Republican coins from the 3rd-2nd century BC, is thelargest g~ofthese rare coins to be offered in the U.S. since the sale of Brad Thurlow's collection in 1991. A small number of these coins were purchased from Thurlow's collection. Prices of the coins range from one hundred to several thousand drnlrus.

For the serious coIlectOf' of Aes Grave Of

the collector who would like ooe example of the first coins issued by the Romans for their collection, this collection represents a rare opportunity to buy many rare types that do not often enter the market. The principal ref­erence for these coins is Italian Cast Coin­age, Italian Aes Grave by Bradbury K. Thurlow and Iialo G. Vecchi. which Beach

Tzamalis Cont. from page 32

Ontry Member of the Hellenic Numismatic Society in recognition of his contributions to Greek numismatics through his writing and his tireless effon.." that have made the Society one of the most active and internationally rc­spcctcd organizatioru; of it." kind.

The interests of A P. Tzamalis span a wide range. He is well versed in the coi n­age of anc ient Greece, the Crusade rs. Emergency money, Greek eountennarks on Olloman coins and modern Greek money up to the Euro. His friends appre­ciate that he is always ready to share hi s knowledge with them and help them. A visilor coming to his house in Halandri wil l first be welcomed by some cats. dogs. and - surprisingly - a number oftOltoises. TIlen the host comes, No one who has ever been a guest in this home will ever forget the hospitality of the Tzamalis fam ily.

With all the best wishes fo r the fu ture!

Books publi shed by Anastas ios P. Tzamalis (all in Greek):

Coins of Ihe Greek World. J 184-1976. Athens. 1976.

Coins of Modem Greece, /828-1979, Athens. 1980.

Coins of the Frankish Occupation of Greece. 1184-/566. Athens. 1981.

Coins of the Olyml';c Game.f, Athens, 1981.

And volumes cdited for the Hel lenic Numismatic Socicty:

Etudes d'His/oire Moneulire Et Financiere Ou Monde Grce (Collected Works of Prof. Georges Le Rider). Athens, 2000.

The Catalogue of the Coin Collectioll of the KnighlS of Saini .la/Ill by Anna-Mari a Kasdagli (in preparation) ,

The Corpus of Ihe Coinl' of Edessa by Eleni Papaeuthymiou (in prcparll1ion).

I Under the sponsorship of Alpha Bank and the Ionnis F. Costopoulos Foundation.

!iii has several copies lor sale at $35.00 each. Beach states Ihal: "These rare and interest­ing coins will go las! as dealers and collec­tors alike know that they just don't show up V6fY often on !he market, especially in large groups."

Anyone interested in a copy of the list 01 coins for sale can contact James E. Beadl at P.o.Sox 1130N0ss0,MI48867.Orbyphone [9891 634-5415 or on the Internet a t [email protected] listwiltonly be mailed by request so even if you are on Beach's regular mailing list you must contact him to get this specialized list. Individua l pho­tos can be requested byT&V numbers from Ihe list.

Numismatic Literature G reek, Roman, Byzantine

Aro;md.ylHun~r: 1£ RiM, EswJ" G_* _ .. S7HJO Ashl"": AtU"ie'" Coi""JIe From Tu,try ............ 80.00 fhltsO<'l·Camhdl : I/unl'" VI. B_'·'.IJRli= ________ ___ 80.00 Burnetl: Coinso/ MauJI>tt;a. R""", __ .100_00 Call;uay: Ju Chruul Grr"",{ Rtmran _ ........ 100.00 Cl'llwfQl'd: Roman R~pt.bli~an. 2 ,'01, ...... 350.00 IJlUOibarrtm ()(J1;s 1A1~ Raman .......................... 90.00 f)umb.., __ , Oaks I /41J1.UJ2) ________ . ________________ 130_00 l)umbantm ()(J1;s 2 (60]-71lJ. 1 ,'01, ............. 160.00 o,tmhlmtm O"ks J (7/7_1081). 2 ,'01, _. ________ 21 0_00 Dumban()l! Oaks 4 (/081 .1]61). 1 ,·oJ. _____ .. __ 240_00 DumIMl1(m ()(Jks 5 (/258-U5J). 2 ,'01 .......... 210.00 G .. lbenkian G"""k. Pan I. 2 ...... ' 1.15 _00 Gulbenkian G,..~t. Pan I/. 2 ,,,I, 22HIO Gulbenkian Gold Coin' ., ............... , .................. 60.00 Gulbcnkia" Gem. _,.. .55 _00 Harlan: 1(00"''' I(~publican M<m~rs ........ , .. , "'40.00 Howg.:go: Ancienl Coin.from Hi , w,), .. ..... .. .. "'30.00 Irdand: G .... d. Roman. 8ywntine---"\ maMia .. ,., 50,00 Jellki"" .4",' i~'" Gru* Co;n, ______ ___ ________ 65.00 MacDonald : C"i""g~ "f Aphrodisia • . , .. , .. , .. , .. ,., 75.00 Mile],i''''T: /",/,, ·Guek, /nli() , Sn lhi,,", 'I vol,_ 350_00 Milchi".,T: Ori,m,,1 2. AndeJII &. C/<I.,,;m/ .. ""J.OO.OO ,vuln'.mu";,, Chnmidt : 1%7. /989. pcr vol. 18.00 ,v",,,I,,.,,,,,,ic Chnmid, : 199(}.1<)96. ller "01. 30_00 Penn: ,\kdi,:;" e ,m G",d,,{ Romt.'" Coill' __ __ " 40.00 Prieur: Sy",.Ph,,,,nician TnmJnH:/m',j 100.00 Robertson: lI,mter IV. Romtm Imp<!n'ul . _, _,, _._ 22~ . 00

Rob.:n""" H"lO!u V. Ronltlll/mpuia/ ... , ....... 225 ,00 R,,,,,,,,, ImI'U;u/ C"i""'l!~ I. AU81S-ViI<,I/;u.l ._._ 120,(10 H",,,,,,, Iml'uilll C,,;n/ll!" 2. V"spn. H",Jr-wII 80.00 1/",,,,,,, Impnilll Coi,,(/.~e 4. PU/IIx-Umn ....... 140,00 R"""", blll""iu/ Coi""'l!~ 5. \lI/m-A",unJus . _ 225,00 1/"'11('" Im~ria/ Coi>UJgr 6. Diocln-Mll.lmu • .... 80.00 H"'II('" Im~rial Coi""gr 7. C",fj{n~-U~inol5 ... 80.00 H",_ Imprriat Coinage 9. W,lm-1Mods ........ 70.00 HOtM/t Imprrial Coi""J!e 10 Di,Tdrd Empi,e . 175.00 R"""", Intpt'rial Coinagt 1-10 comple1c ...... 1050.00 R",_ Pru";"d,,1 Coinagr 1.2 ,uIs _ ........... "'1'\00.00 Nt_lit Prm·;nn..1 Coina1l" II _______________________ • 275_00 RUIier. Camp<Ulitm Cainag~~ ............................ 50.00 RUIIC<': I/i~"mu Numt}TWft. Pan I ( N.:",,) _______ 125_00 Ruuer. G,ut Coin. of Smtih Ilal,- ,uu/ Su-il, ____ 40.00 Sl:ar: BF.anli"" Cain.< and W,/u~s ..................... 80.00 Sl:ar: Grt<'i Ca;n.< & W,Tue .. I £~,..",.. ........... 55_00 Sl:ar: Grtrk Cai .... & Ibl"'.ll. A,ia & Africu .. , 55_00 Scar: Grtet fmprn'al Cai". and W,/"es ............. 80.00 !)e"" ROInan Cbin$ & MI/".,.. !kll_ I 75 _00 ScM: H"",,,m Coin~ & Va/u"," \oW_ 2 '15_00 Scab)', Roman Si/,.,.r J. 4. 5. e""h .............. .. ..... 40,00 Sur; R()fM II fn'JHmlar.<49-27BC ,_ .. ,. , .. ,. , .. , .. 80.00 SNG: Ill/nOl' Hu')'. 2 pan,. used ... , ...... .. ........ J.OO,oo SNG: Cy,lI i.lX'kerl. 5 pans, used _ ... ,_ .............. 550,00 SNG: Bri lain VI. u...;, /J, Greek impr,;al .... .. , 95,00 SNG: Bri lain VI!. RahyIGMubock , .. , .. , .......... , 45 .(10 SNG: Brilain Vl1l , 'I<m/B/"c1bum _ ._ .. .. .. ....... . , 75,(10 SNO: BrilJi" IX . Brilhh Alllsellln 2 Spain .... ,' 140,(10 $ N(; : Pra,lCc 2. Ciliei, 140.00 SNO: Fr."'ec 5. My,i~ ........... "." .... " ...... , .. , .. ,' 150,(10 SNO: HeI'inki. K~chlwQ I. KMia ._ , .. , ., .. _ .. _,._ 75.00 SNO: HcI,in ki. K,.dman /I, As;a Minor , ......... 75,00 SNG: Israel: '''~I~hr""Spa,,&leucid .. , .. , .... 135,00 SNG: Sw~'1lcn I, Pan 2. ''O/l P"5/ ...................... 60,00 SNO Copenhagen. 1\ vol .. ,nes complele ......... 950,00 St'<G v<)o Aulock . 4 volumes compk1c 550.00 T ...... ·r; H,_m C"in. From India ..................... 50.00 Whiling' 8yut",;ne Coi" • ................................. 75.00 WiJJi;uru;: Sil,,,,, C(Jinu1l"ofVd;u _____________________ 85_00

Unles5l101'"<1. all boob "'" _. "",t/r 131<:51 '"<Iilions. ;wJ are in ",od,. Unl= noted (sh). all are hardbowld. O"I""r.prinllil ..... are _""Iop)_ PI~a", add $4.50 for d()me~ic shipping for t/r fUSl tille and Sl.OO (or each addm"Bal For r"""ign ~rs. 1"')""""' "'uS! be in IJS doliMS dra."" (In a U.s_ bank "";lh shipring '\'ailable III =.

Charles Davis P.O. Box 547

Wenham , Mass'" 01984 Te l: (978) 468 2933 F.x: (978) 468 7893

Num;, [email protected] h tlr: I/~' .. i~' .• I>e """",_,,,"'VI>o, .. ,"" ,,' ; ,no"

C .. alop:roi.d>< 51 Mill"", l'hao'l",K",,,",,,,,,i;o !;bo\>ry

Mom!>N oinco 1%8: EAC 142 ANA 60027

October 2002 37

LETTERS Cotttillued from page 4

would NEVER purchase a bronze coin without examining it directly in its naked slalel l care not what it says on the label , I wanl lo ~see" the coin's surface).

While the grading of machine-made U.S. coinage is problematic enough, as­signing universally accepted and finely delineated grades to hand-made ancient coins is just plain crazy. There are juSl loo many additional features to measure: lIan, metal quality, c leaning, tool ing, elc. to ever synthesize it all into a decimal point grade.

And how do you weigh subjective quali­ties like "style" which can have an enor­mous bearing on value?

Then there is the purely aesthetic crime of sealing an ancient coin in plastic. 1\ only seNes to kill ooe of the primary romantic charms of owning an ancient coin - the tactile sensation of holding a piece of his­tory in your fingers and wondering.

Fortunately, if we all do our part to pro­mote the acquisition of "knowledge" as the true best form of protection and security for the col lector; through the development of gocxi relationships with kflov..rIedgeabie and reputable dealers and the acx:umulation of well-rounded numismatic library, then"slab­bing" cannot succeed!

Ancient coins are not primarily an invest­ment, and certairVy not one guaranteed to be a good one (slabbed or not)! Budding collectors must be informed of what we, the experienced collecting community already know. Ancient coins are hand made pieces or historical art, not a commodity. The idea of "slabbing'" a beautiful sestertius is as point­less and silly as slabbing Vincent Van Gogh's "Bedroom At Mes" and certifying it as an MS«! New collectors (and new subscrib­ers tothis magazine), I urge you to resist the siren's song of "slabbing" and get thee to your libraryl

Richard M. Wiegand Edmonds, WA

Another Reader Sees No Benefit from the

"Slabbing" of Ancients

Upon arrival of each edition 01 The Gelator I make a point of reading the Letters Ito the editor) before tackling any of the articles. Those letters that get publ ished invariably express well­reasoned and articulate opinions on any number of topics re levant to thi s publication.

The recent letter about "slabbing of ancients" offered by Mr. Byers is a no­table exception to the rule.

Mr. Byers stated opinion that "the certif ication of ancie nt coins is the single most important factor in explain­ing the growth of [th e] ancients market" is such rubbish that one has to wonde r if he isn' t engaging in some kind o f strange jest. The fact is that slabbing adds nothing if not actually detracting fro m the collecting of ancients as it does with certain other series such as U.S. Colonials.

Even more preposte rous Is the statement that slabbing an ancient coi n guarantees its authenticity. Are we to presume that third party grading ser­vices are now the unchallenged experts of ancient coins? When did thai hap­pen? What better way to conceal a fake than to put it in a plastic jacket where it can't be weighed or closely examined.

Fortunately, very lew collectors are inte rested in having thei r anci ent co ins encased in this manner. I for one have yet to see any ·slabbed~ ancients at coin shows or offered in auction cata­logs . In fac t the only place I've ever seen a slabbed ancient coin is on eBay. When that happens I quickly move on.

Brian Holland Houston, TX

Editor-See my editorial this month for my viewpoint on the "sfabbing~ of ancient coinage (KKW).

WE NEED COINS & STAMPS 1-800-334-1163

As a co!iec tor or dealer of Ancient & Medieval coins you have a dilemma. What to do with a!l those unwJ.med modem (1792 and up) U.S. ooins and modem (1 840 and up) U.S. or for­eIgn stamps. Well, we actively buy both these items for our ever-growing inventory. We have ~ catalogs IlI1d.run ads natiooally for which we need items. common and rare. A single com or large collections. We also buy bener U.S. and foreign stamps. If you have something for us, sen~ to our address be low {or our fast cash offer, attention to John Sarosi, If you need addmonal mfo, feel free to call or wri te .

John Paul Inc. Coins -¢-- Stamps

106 Market SI., Johnstown. PA 15901 814-5J5-5766 • Fax 814-535-2978

38 The Gelator

Armed Robbery of a Large Group of Rare Coins and Medals - Ancient, World and Russian- Occurs in New York City - A Reward

Offered For Recovery

NEW YORK, NY- In an armed rob­bery on August 8, 2002, over two thou­sand rare ancient, medieval, Russian, European and other world coins and medals in all three metals (gold, silver and bronze) were stolen from Dmitry Markov Coins & Medals in New York City. The value of many of the stoten items is in excess of $ 1,000 each. Markov is asking members of the nu­mismat ic commun ity fo r the ir urgent assistance in the recovery of the coins and in the prosecution 01 the individu­als responsible. He slates that "If we act quickly, it is possible that we could find the entire group intact."

For a nearly complete li st o f the items stolen, please visit Markov's web Site, www.russian-coi ns.net. Some of th e items are extremely rare or unique, and if a reader comes across, is of­fered, or sees ANY of the items on this list. they are most likely from this rob­bery. If a reader sees more than one of them at a time, it is near certain that they are from this group.

Markov has photographs of many of the stolen items on file, which would positively identify them. Please contact us him at once if you believe you have any information re fa ting to this crime.

Readers are encouraged to distrib­ute this list to as many sources as they can, and encourage anyone with infor­mation to contact:

FBI Violent Crime Division Detective Michael Saar 718-286-7350 Fax: 718-286-7361 Pager: 917-649-8298 Or: Dmitry Markov Coins & Medals PO. Box 950 New York, NY 10272 7 t 8-332-4248 Fax: 718-332-8676 Cell: 917/301-7731 Email : [email protected] Markov notes t ha i "There is a

$100,000 .00 reward, propo rtionate to the amount of items recove red, for the recovery of the stolen items. Thank you for your help in this urgent malter."

Feeman & Sear Web Site in Full Operation

TOPCOINS.COM • PO Box 39947 • Winnellie, Northern Territory· 0821 • Australia·

LOS ANGELES, CA- Freeman & Sear's new In ternet webs ite, www.lreemanandsear.com. hasenjoyed a promising debut and is expanding fur­ther, according to the fi rm's sales direc­tor, David S. Michaels.

Each month, Topcoins.com features one outstanding coin from ourcolleclion of Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins. Gold, si lver and bronze coins, as well as references, software and numismatic supplies are available from our website ... please visit us at your leisure!

'The reviews are in, and we've got our­selves a hit," said Michaels, who helped de­velop the site along with Internet specialists NXS Interactive of Duarte, California. 'We designed the site to be fast-loading, attrac­tive and, above all, user-friendly. From the response so far, we achieved all those goals." Sales from thewebsiletopped $75,000 in its first month of operation, he added.

The site features an online catalog of aoout 400 oons and antiquities atfixed prices. A simple search engine allows users to searchthe catalog by region, cointype, metal, price range and keywords. All coins and ar­tifacts feature color digital photographs and fu ll descriptions. A shopping cart allowscus­tomers to order items through the site. and to pay via credit card or check.

Continued on page 50 ....

The Complete Service for the Serious Collector Collecting co ins has been a distinguished pastime and a pastime of the distinguished for two thousand years and more. As the oldest established coin bus iness in the world, Spink has helped bui ld many of the great collections. We are also publishers and stockists of a wide range of numismatic books.

Whether you are seeking to start. develop or dispose of a collection. Spink is happy to offer expert impartial advice on all British. Greek, Roman. Byzantine and other ancient coins.

For coins for sa le, news and reviews, visit our web site at www.spink-online.com

Te l, +44 (0)20 7563 4055 Fax, +44 (0)20 7563 4068 E-mail: Iformosa@spin kandson.com

THE TRADITION' THE EXPERIENCE THE RESULTS 69 Southampton Row, Bloomsbury, London WClB 4ET

Tel: + 44 (0)20 7563 4000 Fax: + 44 (0)20 7563 4066 E-mail, [email protected]

Kingdom of Parthia Bagasis, 127·126 Be.

Tetradrachm

AR, 15.86 gm. Se1cucia mint Obv. Long bearded bust to right in diadem, fille tt:d border. Rev. Demeter enthroned 10 left , holding Nike in right hand, cornucopiae in left, neirod supporting throne, to right, BAE1AEQE to left [A]PEAKOY. 5. -, Sellwood 18.1, Lc RidcrSuse. PI.Lui, 1-2, BMC-, Shore -. Some minor porosity at edge, otherwise good vt:ry fine and ex­treme ly rare . Set: Celalor Janua ry 2001 .. ......... ... ...................... US$3800.00

SPINK F OUNDED t666

CO I NS 8ANKNOTES MEDALS STAM P S

October 2002 39

Ancient Coin & Antiquities Books (Part 2). Internet Booksellers, and a New Contest

This month we will finish the topic of ancient coin and antiquities books, deal with another question, ,md introduce a new COil­

test topic. J hope you enjoy the column!!!!

"Hooko; on ancient coino; seem expen­sive. JlL"! how important is it for me to own an extensive libran'? What hooko; are regnmnended? Doug Smith

D-.tvid Hendin,Amphora Coins, ") dill­

not put a value Oil my numismatic and cla~­sica] history library. r COlUltin myotliccmorc than 70 shelves of books on thcscsubjccts. r have three shelves of munismatic books deal­ing exclusively with my area of specialty, Jewish coins, biblical coins, and coinsofthc ancient middlcea~t. A~ide from those books, the books I use most often are the British Museum Catalogue .... Yes, all 29 or so vol­umes, SNG Copenhagen, British Museum Catalog of Roman Coinage, SNG Von Aulock, SNG ANS, and especially Roman Provincial Coinage. There is no way to evaluate the 'value' of books, since books are the primary way that we can personally begin to accumulate many generations of knowledge for ourselves." (David is a scholar of ancient coins. an awhor; collector; wu1 a deakr).

Or. Paul Gold-,tcill, Collector, "CoUec­tOr5 of ancient Judaean coins arc in the envi­able position of being able to establish ,m excellent reference library at minimal cost. This is due to the publication oftwocomprL .... hensive books in 2001: [) Guide tv Biblical Loin~, Fowth Edition, by David Hendin, and 2) A Treasury of Jewish Coim, by Ya'akov Meshorer (both available from Amphora Coins). These hooks are readily available and the total cost is around $200. As one becomes lmre fami liar with this area, there are a numlx:rofbooks available that special­i7.c in the First Revolt (Meshorer, Y.,Ancienf Jewish CoifUlge / amI II, 1982), and Second Revolt (Mildenberg, L., 1he Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War, 1984), City Coinage (Meshorer Y, City Coim of Eretz-Israel and fhe Decapolis, 1985), and the coins of the Hasmonean Kings of Israel (Meshorer, Y Ancimt Jewish Coinage / ami II, 1982). I usc all of these lxloks extensi vel y but the first two mentioned are on my coffee table for everyone to read and enjoy." (Pout is a scholar ojoncient coins. on oullun; ond 0 collector).

Kerry Wettcn.tmm, The Celatormaga­vne, "In my opinion, as an addicted biblio­phile, acollet.,10rcan't own enough books no matter what the cost. Your brain trust is your library, and the investment in knowledge should pay more than enough dividends to offset the expense. Unfortunately, I have known collectors (and dealers) over the years that will spend thousands of dollars on coins, but hardly a 'plugged nickel' on books and related literature. For me, the best method to really appreciate my col­lection is to read about it. and the best method for that is still the printed book (and of course the Cetalor)! Although the Internet is making some inroads in mak­ing more literature available to the collec­tor, I like to hold something in my hands, and there is nothing like the smell and the feel of an old book !" (Kerry is currently editor/publisher of The Ce/ator, ami a coin col/ector, and wasformedy a scholar (still is), author; and (kaler of anciem coins).

www.oldromancoins.com

Classical Cash

40 The Gelator

Manfred Swan, Swan Anciellf Coins, "As always, I think the old advice, "buy the OOok before the coin", is the most conunend­able program for bccominga knowledgeable coin collector. If you are interested in the coins of Augustus, buy a biography of Augustus first. If you are interested in the coins of the Twelve Caesars . Read Suetonju~ first. If you are interested in An­cient Architectural coin types, buy Tameanko's 'Monumental Coins' and the Hill book on Ancient Roman Monumenl~. etc, etc. The catalogue and reference OOoks such ,l~ Scar, RIC, 13MC. should pmbably come at some time, but much later and only oneofthescries. Get areal 'feel' for Greek history by acquiring Michael Grant's 'The Rise of the Greeks' if you must acquire the Tetradrachms of Syracuse, Staters ofAkragas orOwlsofAthens. Read the ancicnt authors themselves i.e. Herodorus, Livy, Cassius Dio, et al. After that initiation buy a coin or two." (M(IIl/red luiS been a scholar and Ivorldwide col· lector of anciem coins for 42 years, and is now slowly selling some a/his collection).

David. RSear, "It is true that most books on subjects relating to ancient numismatics areexpensive. This is not due to profiteering on anyone's part but mtherto the high cost of producing smal l editions of complex techni­cal works. In the case of out of print titles on popular subjects the situation may be aggra­vated by the rarity of surviving copies and although this is sometimes eased by the ex­istence of later reprints unfortunately thequal­ity of the photographic illustrations is fre­quently much infcriorto theoriginal. In view of these factors I think it is far more iJll]Xlr­tant for a L'Ollcctor to own a librJry which has been carefuUy sel~1ed rather than one which is extensive in size. Fortunately, many of the most useful general reference works are relatively inexpensive by the standards of specialty books and the majority are cur­rently in print or, if not, arc fCa<;onably easy to obtain. Provided the collector is not too specialized in his or her interesL~ it is thus ]XlSsible to put together a very usefuJ work­ing library at little more than the cost of a small number of average coins. 'The situa­tion may, of course, become moredifficult if the colla t or wishes to conccntmte on a more specific field of ancient numismatics as this may necessitate the acquisition of mrc and expensive out of print titles. However, such purchases can represent an excellent invest­ment as sueh books frequently appreciate in value at a rJtc higher th,m the coins them­selves.

Dealers, of course, are in a different situ­ation as a comprehensive reference library is vital, especially in the case of those who pro­duce high quality auction and sales cata­logues. Over a period of years serious pro­fessionals may well invest sum~ of $20,{X)) - $30,{X)) or more for this purpose and col-

lectors nUl bcndit by acquiring their coins from sources which are thus able to provide a high level of expertise. Scholars may Ix: more fortunate as the institutions where they work probably already possess vast ijbnuy resources, which have been buil t up over decades or even centuries. Many scholars, however, also acquire impressive personal libmries weU beyond the level at which Ule majority of collectors set thcir sights." (iJ(Il-id

has hem a COl/fe/Or, allthor. dealff (md schollif of an· cient coillsfvr lIeariyfourdeclldes. muJ hilS autfwred .l"fI'eml books, which are the 'mUlI-have ' referenc£S for the andent coin co/lining fm/emity).

Bookseller Internet Web-sites: The entire e-mail was ' 'The web has

made it a dream to collect ancient Roman Artifacts. but it is a rea] pain in the butt to find any up to date n..""i!,.Wcll hooks. Most arc out ofprint or the author has died!!!! I need to know a" much about thL" subject as when I collected ancient coins!!! Do you haw any i:ood web-sites to find these books??'?'??T'Thank You, Rick Phelps, Se­attle, Washington

I know fwtherthat Rick's coliectiJlg spe­cially is Roman bnxx:hcs, fibula~, and knives.

This question asks for sites dedicated to Roman artifacts, but I will expand the sum­rnary to include all sites I know of that cater \0 1xx:lk collectors relative to ancient Roman ,md Grcek, coins fmd ru1ifacts.

Web-Sites that I know and use (in no par­ticular order):

• George Kolbe, www.nurnisli!.CQlll. gfk@numislil .com,

• Papyms Books, ~apyrusbooks.O;;(Jrn,

Numismatic Li teraturc, h.llp...JL mcmbers.cov nctlnumislll'lticlitcrawrc

• Numismatic Arts of Sall1a Fe, art [email protected]

• Fragmenl~ of lime, www.antiguilies.l1el (I know thcy han: lxlOh on Roman brooches) • Amazon.com • Charlie Davis, [email protected], hllp...JL

abebooks com/homc/tmmjsmat (Sec ad in '/II(' Cefator)

Classical Numismatics Group, www.cngCOinS.COlli

• David R. Scar, \\'Ww.(Ulvidrscar.com • Wayne Sayles, waym:@all(;icn\wins.ac

mm:/l;.uwicntcQins adcgi -hil)/tb 'lt~allorctcr LE (in-print books), hnp://;U1cienl(:oins.aclq; i-binl tP.c~i'!cmc~OO' fpbooks (out of print books).

• Amphora Coins, [email protected] • Harlan J. Berk, Ltd , WWw.harl:ln jberk.wm • Sanford J. Durs1, (516) 766-4444 (sec ad in

'Ihe Celator) • Nath,m Schechtm,m, IhlsI5 @attbi.wm

TRIVIA CONTEST: The following indicates something invented ,Uld used by a Roman Ruler, and isstilluscd tOdrlj -WHAT IS IT, who invented it, ,md how did it work?

continued on page 50 ...

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October 2002 41

Due Diligence We are sure that you have heard this

term before, usua lly in connection with la wyers, contracts and other thi ngs of a legal nature. What is means is, do your homewo rk be fo re entering into a legall y binding cont rac t. The keyword is homework .

There is a slowly grow ing problem of fakes being sold at online auction sites such as cBay. One seller from Canada in particular pops up frcqucn lly with several dozen auctions and either disapIXars or (less freque ntly) is shutdown. Let's face it, fakes will always be a problem but there are steps that you can take that will mini­mize your risk. All it requires is a li ttle due diligence on your part,

All orlhe online auctions have a feed­back process. EB ay's is probably one of the best and the easiest to use. If you are not sure about a seller, check the feedback. Look past the surface. We are nOI talking about the usual positive and negative feed­back, but something a little more in depth.

Is he a new seller? What is his feed ­back rating? [s il as a buyer or seller? And what has he sold in Ihe past'! \Vhat else should you look for?

New Seller-New sellers are nothing to be afraid of, in most cases. After all everyone has to start out somewhere. However, if you arc uncomfonable about a new se[ler then don't bid. Stick to estab­lished sellers.

Buyer or Seller-One method that many scammers use is to bui ld up a small, positive feedback rating quickly by buying a few inexpensive items. Ten or fifteen quick sales will garner ten or more positive feedbac k s. Once they have established some good feedback, they then turn to their own sales. Every feedback line is marked with an S or B to indicate whether the feedback was as a buyer or seller. So check the feedback to see how it was earned.

Past Sales and Current Sales-What has the seller sold in the past? Was it coins or beanie babies? You can check past sales right from the feedback page s ince every tBay feedback must be linked to a sale. While this not necessarily an indication of a scam, it may indicate a person who may not know a fake from the real thing.

Also, what is the seller currently of­fering? Are all or most of the coins con­sidered rare? Face it fo lks, how likely is it for a brand new seller to pop up out of nowhere to offer a dozen or more rare coins? It could be a collector liquid,ll­ing a collection or it could be a scam mer with a dozen brand new fakes. Proceed with caution .

Screwy Feedback-Look for funny paltems in the feedback. Does buyer A leave feedback on sellers B and C, who also leave feedback on each other? Such incestuous looking feedback is often an indication of false accounts opened by the same person. One recent scammer (see the section below on the latest scam) had more than a half-dozen fake accounts, allleav­ing feedback on each other.

We have seen one curious phenomenon w ith fee dback and scammers. They fre­quently seem 10 be rather impatient, leaving feedback for themselves within minutes of an auction closing. Think about it for a scc~ and. nonm~ u<msactions take at least a few days and unbs the seller is Sup::nnan, he is not going to be able to complete asa[e within hours of the auction ending. At a minimum, such feedback is suspect.

Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins

www.ancientcoinmarket.com New Articles Monthly

42 The Celator

Private Auctions-This is a tough call. While there are a number oflegitimate sell­ers who use the private auction feature on eEay, it is also used frequen tly by the scammcrs to hidc the identity ofbiddcrs. They do this to prevcnt concerned collectors from warning the bidck:rs on known fakes. Bot­tom line is, unless you know the sellcr, it may be best to avoid private auctions.

Gn..ui is good?-People have come to expect bargains on eBay. In fact they almost demand it by avoiding market priced coins. But along with the bargain hunting there should be a healthy dose of common sense. Can you really expect to buy an EF Mantia ScantiUa denarius for a few hundred dollars? (fmc story.) In a case like this you have to ask yourself, what is wrong with this coin? [f so many of your fellow colleetors are avoid­ing it, should you seek a second opinion?

Keep in mind that eBay could care less about the sale of fakes. And as long as it docs not hurt their pocketbook, they will cheer­fully ignore any and all wamingsaoout scam operations. In this case, eBay is not your friend. But with a linlecreative investigation, you can cut way down on the possibility of being taken by an auction $Cammer.

However, we do have one new scam that has surfaced lately that you should be aware of.

TIle latest scam on eBay is quite interest­ing, using images from other auctions. It is most onen done using images from othcr current auclions or auctions that have ended in the recent past. The scam mer copies an image from an auction. usually with the items det.1.ils and uses the stolen information in his own auction. The latest example, involving 6-8 expensive coins, was discovered by members of the Moneta-L lis\. In an unusual tum of events, eBay actually shut this one down along wim his half-don:n fake ac­eounl~. But only aftcr receiving numcrous emaiJs from list members.

How do you protect yourself from the stolen image scam") Use the eBay search function ,md search on ClUTCnt ,md dosed auctions. Compare the images or in cases where the images arc no longcr available on closed auctions, compare the auction descrip­tion. So far, stolen image scammers have cop­ied mc text verbatim (spcllingcrrors and all).

That's all for this month. Maybe we will sce you at cOay. but don ' t forget your due di ligence!

Web Site of the Month: We have another fakes' site for you this

mo nth, Ih is one developed by Robert Kokotailo of Calgary Coins. We highly rec­ommend that you bookmark this Ol1C.

Calgm)' Coin and Antique Web Site hit P :11 www.calgarycoin .comlre fcr­

encelf akeslf akes.htm

David Michaels Dis­cusses Roman Anus & Equipment at August ACCLA Meeting

LOS ANGELES- "Ave, civies! Mihi nomen Flavius Crispus Cand idianus. Ego sum mil es Romanum." rang through the room as the August pro­gram of the Ancient Coin Club of Los Ange les [ACCLA] began. With this call Centurion David Michaels of Legio VI Viclorix began his presentation on Ro­man Arms and Equipment.

The evolu ti on of armor and arms in response to enemy weapons and practica l matters such as ma inte­nance and fabr icat ion were d is­cussed . Michaels demonst rated ar­t iculated plate armor a long with the p i lum and g lad ius . Kip An l onelli­Fr iedman and Kel ly Ramage , dem­onst rated armor from othe r periods in Roman h istory. In a slide presen­tat ion Michaels used coins rang ing from Claud ius to Gordian II to illus­trate Roman armor as conce ived by the ce lator.

Based on the report by Dr. Michael Conner the ACC LA decided to imple­ment a Web page. The web add ress is http://mjconnor.home.min dspring .com/ acc1a/.

Mr. D. Michaels of Freeman & Sear. Mr. K. Ramage of Ma lter Ga l­le ry. and Mr. H. Kraeme r, a member, exh ibi ted a variety of coins and an ­t iqu ities . This was followed with a show-'n-tell per iod by the members.

The meeti ng concluded w ith re­freshments and the mon thly raffle for books on Num ismatics and Ancient History.

The ACC LA meets at 1 PM on the 2nd Sunday of each month at the Town Hall in the Balboa Mission Shopping Cente r in Granada Hills, CA . Upcom ing programs inc lude "Cal igu la's Fail ure: The He ll en ization of the Roman Monarchy" and «Arche­ology at Arbeia ; a Roman fort located near the eastern end of Hadrian's Wall in South Sh ie lds, Eng land". For more information cont a ct [email protected].

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October 2002 43

IAPN Visits the Land of Smiles -518t General Assembly of the IAPN

held in Bangkok

by Ursula Kampma nn

There are 116 coin companies that are members of the IAPN; you can find them on each of the five continents. Fwe members reside in Asia, and though not the biggest part of the organization, it was nevertheless time to visit Asia for a second coogress. The first (and until now last) General Assembly of the IAPN on thai continent dated back to 1983.

Representatives 01 many important coin companies met in Bangkok, the capital of Thailand in May of this year. Jan Aamlid, a Norwegian coin dealer who is spending a big part of his life in Thailand. was res)X>l1-sible for the organization. He did a great job! He presented Thailand from his nicest side, the numismatic one. Who had known be­fore that there was a beautifu l numismatic museum in Bangkok?The banko! issue had invited all coin dealers to v;sil the new exhibi­tion on !he history of Thai money in the his­torical palace. Whattouristwould know pass­ing by the entrance to the famous G rand Palace that he is missing the exhibition of the mint 01 Thailand featuring old and new products that even can be bought? The Thai mint invited all participants to visit the collec­tion.

Of course the official program 01 the Gen­eral Assembly was not only composed of sight seeing tours. There was a lot of work­ing sessions where problems of the interna­tional coin trade were discussed. The coop­eration with the different national dealers' as­sociations had been approved. And of course the IAPN book prize was awarded. The win­nerwasan English prcxIuction: H. E. Manville, Tokens of the Industrial Rewlution 1787-1828, IWO other books were also awarded a

prize: Ouintin Oropille y Fortich, PhIlippine Counterstamped Coins 1828-1839 and the Festschrift of the WOmernbergischen Vereins fur MunZkunde.

In the end, all participants of the 51 sl General Assembly of the IAPN agreed that Thailand was a wonderful place to meet and that many efforts concerning the international cooperation of coin dealers had been made.

Khun Suparp Unaree designed a medal lhal will remind every participant 01 his visit 10 Thailand: it was struck by Ihe Royal MinI. The first steam driven minting machine is featured in the obverse of the medal, whidl was acquired from Taylor Business House in Birmingham, UK; the cost was 3,000 Brit­ish pounds. In those days a considerable sum. The minling machine arrived in 1858, but the three British engineers who were to install itall died, eitherfrom accidents or from illness! Finally it was a Thai, who managed to get the minting machine operational in 1860. Even today this famous madline is working.

The other feature on the obverse is the temple of the Dawn, the magnificent Wat Arun, ;vhich is sti ll used on the ament circu­lation 10 baht coin. On the reverse we find the precursor of the flat Thai coins - the bul­let coin, marked with the logo of the IAPN itself.

The participants were very surprised when each was presented a real bullet coin marked with the logo of the IAPN. TIlis was a very special souvenir to an unforgettable trip to Thailand.

The lisl of all members of the IAPN can be ordered from Jean Luc van der Schueren 14, rue de la Bourse, 8-1000 8riJssel, Fax: 0215122528. If you would like to know more about this association you can visit the website: www.iapn.ch.

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44 The Gelator

Can for Papers for the 38th

International Congress on Medieval Studies,

May 8-11, 2003 LAKE FOREST, IL -A special session on

"Short changing Medieval Studies? Tokens of Numismatic Inquiry" will be held attha 38th Intemational Congress on Medieval Studies. The Congress wi ll be held from May 8-1' , 2003 in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Organizers of this interdisciplinary session want to dem­onstrate the contribution that the field of nu­mismatics can make to medieval studies. Andent and medieval coins compOse tanta­lizing relics of !he bygone past and c0nsti­tute part of the physical legacy that bears witness to vanished civilizations and cu~u res. Small, portable, vi rtually impervious to de· cay. mass-produced both lor currency and propagandistic purposes, coins as significant artifacts of material culture have long been recognized by scholars as a sort of mirror to history, especially political, 8COflOO1ic and s0-cial history; medievalists particularty have relied upon numismatics evicIerx:e to supple­ment other fragmentary kinds of evidence.

In recent decades sct"'odars have increas­ingly relied upon numismatics as all impor­tanl auxiliary of art history, biblical studies, history, economics and other disciplinary fields. Yet too few sessions in medieval con­ferences have focused attention on this im­portant 'iool" lor multidisciplinary research. The inclusion of this session in the Program of the 38th International Congress seeks to combat the routine neglect by medievalists 01 numismatic evidence and cootest the per­ception thaI medieval scholars have ~short· changed" medieval studies through inad­equate attention to numismatic inquiry.

Proposals for papers on all aspects of the relationship between numismatics (an­cient and medieval coins and medals or their representation) and the Middle Ages are in­vited. Papers might expl()(e, though are by no means limited to, the following topics:

• Coins and medieval visual culture • Numismatic sources of medieval ico­

nography • Relationships berween coins and his­

to", • Coins as Christian relics (e.g. ~Judas·

Pennies"), talismans, andlor amulets • Coins and malerial culture • Literaryltextual issues • Coins: portraits, J:X)Iitics and propaganda • Relationships between medieval coins

and seals • Coins and religious studies • Coins and medieval economics; issues

of medieval money management or the re­lationship of coins to money

cOlltinlled 0 11 page 50 ...

What Lies Beneath the Ruins of Tanis?

Tanis (San c1-Hagar), an archaeo­logical site in the Eastern Ni le delta. was the site of one of the two compet­ing political centers in the Third [n­termediate period. Th e other was Thebes in the south. With the end of the New Kingdom, the old Ramesside roya l capital was moved 10 Tanis by the new 2 1" dynasty rulers.

Although Tani s was extensively excavated in the last century, mos t notably by Mariette and Petrie in the early part of the century, and fi nally by the F re nch archaeologist Pierre Montet from 1929 to his death in 1966, il is a huge site and s till has large tracts of land that have never been touched by the archaeologist's spade. Consid ­ering what was already found beneath its crumbling ruins, there arc a num­ber of intriguing questions still to be answered by fulure research.

Al first it was thought that it was the site of Avaris, the Hycksos Delta capital, but this was never resolved one way or the other. and the theory is now in disfavor among Egyptologi sts. The discovery of large quantities of Ramesside sculpture and building material s led to new speculation that it might be the Pi Ramses of the Bi ­ble, but thi s is doubtfu l s ince it has been proved that much of the material was transported to the site from else­where by the 21" and 22'od dynasty pha­raohs who ru led there.

In add ition, the literary sources in­cluding the Bible describe the site of Pi Ramses in some detail and it does not conform to that of Tanis. It is true. however, that Tanis p layed an impor­tant role in the later Biblical story. A daughter of one of her kings. Siamun, was given in marriage 10 King So­lomon . With the city of Gezer as hcr dowry, she played an important part in the establishment of hi s Kingdom. One of his successors waged a suc­cessfu l war aga inst Judah and Israel,

and in 925 I3C the treas ures of the Temple were delivered to him by by Rehoboam, king of Judah. It is this incident which has !cad to the theory that the Ark of the Covenant might be buried somewhere in Tanis. a theory popularized in the hit movie "Raiders o f the Lost Ark.'"

The Ark has not been found buL several royal tombs, some almost in­tac\, have been found . particularly that of Puscnnes whose golden funerary mask almost rivals Ih al of Tutankha­men. In addition 10 the mask, his three coffins of solid si lver were found and many other precious metal objects. Bronze Shabti figures from this tomb sometimes appear on the antiquities market since a sizable number appar­ently came into private hands during the excavations in the 1930's and 1940's.

Since large parts of the site of Tanis remain unexcavated, it is possible that some o f the other Third Intermed iate period objects, wh ich periodica lly ap­pear on the murket, may come from the site as well. Th us Tanis would be a good candidate for a modern exca­vation if the vast sums of money and necessary government permiss ion re­qu ired for such a project could be ob-

tained . If such an excavation were to take place, what a fantastic reward might await the lucky archaeologists who ex­cavate the rest of Tani s. More beautifu l scu lpture fro m earlier periods transport­ed by the Tanite Kings to their new cap­ital may await discovery. Possihly new and even untouched royal tombs to ri­val that ofPusennes might be unearthed. Certainly knowledge which might an­swer some of the fascinat ing questions regarding the cities anc ient history will be discovered. Perhaps even the fahled Ark of the Covenant remains to be found there. Let us hope that some day a prop­er excavation will take place.

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October 2002 45

Story of the Split 'AbuJara'

from Gaza or Caesarea. (The Arabic "Abu Jan\." by the way, means "father of the jar" which refers 10 the large size of the coin "father" and the large amphora on the ob­verse of the coin.)

The coin, he said, had been cut in half in ancient times, because the patina on all of its edges was still intact. [velY much looked forward to seeing this. 111ere is no doubt that in Bar Kochba' s time there continued a short­ageof"small money" in the mar­ketplaces in ancient l<>raeL In T rr:a­sury of Jewish Coins, Ya'akov Mcshorershows (348, 3()5) a simi­lar Abu Jan1, and Leo Miklcnberg depict' .. one in his classic book on coins of the Bar Kochba War CN').

I was glad to have the privi­lege of obtaining another exmnple.

with full patina. He reported that it had been found about 6(X) meters (a bit over 6(X) yards) from the first half. (Don't ask about the negotiations, which were odd to say the least. My Arab friend argued that the second half was much more valuable than the first half. [ argued that since [ had aJready just bought half a coin from him, another half coin should be the exact same price. As always it took about 3 hours and

Around fifteen years ago illl Amb friend telephoned from the Old City of Jerusalem. He wanted to know when I would be there, because he had a "nice swpnse" for me, As it happened, 1 was going to be in Jerusalem around 5 weeks later. I asked about the na­lure of Lhe surprise.

One of the peasants, he said, who came from the village of Bittar near Bethlehem had brought him half of an "Abu Jara." This is the Amb name for a large bronze medal lion of Simon Bar Kochha, struck in both the first and second years of the Bar Kochba War. These medallions arc vel)' rare coins. They are struck upon very large Roman provincial "city coins" often

(M iddle and small sized bronze Bar Kochba coins were also cut for sma!! change, and in my Guide /0 Biblical Coins-734a- 1 also show a Bar Kochba si lver coin cut in ancient

Abu Jara coin of Bar Kochba split personality. This may be the only known example of a coin cut in half in ancient times in which both halves have been recovered. (Photo courtesy of the author).

times for the same reason.) When I arrived in Jerusalem about a

month later, and visited with my friend, r had an even bigger surprise-the same peasant from the village of Bittar found Ihe other half of Ihe SAME COIN, also

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46 The Celator

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four or five cups of Turkish coffee, with many interruptions to look at other things.)

To my knowledge, this is the only exist­ing example of acoin cut in ancient times for smaller change, in which Ban'l HALVES of the same coin have been recovered. It's an added bonus that this is a mfC and historic coin in its own right. 1he coin was origi­mtlly snuck in the first yearof the Bar Kochba War, 132-J35CE(Hendin-677). Thecondi­lion of the two halves make it clear that the coin was hacked in half by a heavy chisel blow, struck on its obverse. So it is certainly possible that the coin was cut to make small change.

Logically, the distance betwcen the two parts of a cut-apart coin is a function of the time they had to circulate, farther and farther away from each other. Since these two halves were found so close logether, it is my guess that the cutting of this coin took place very late in the Bar Kochba War, close to 135 CEo

This dating leads to a second very plau­sible theory about this coin. The modern Arab Village of Bittar is on the exact site of the ancient town of Beitar. This is the very village where Bar Kochba's men fought their last baltic against Hadrian's troops in 135 CEo We know from the Tal­mud that after the end of the Bar Kochba War, the coins struck by Simon no longer had any value. It is, therefore possible that this coin was cut in half by two Jews­maybe Bar Kochba soldiers who fought together- and one half kept by each Jew as a souvenir. I suppose it is also possible, though less likely, that two Roman soldiers

continued on page 49 ..

Dating by fabric

"Fabric" is one of those convenient numismatic terms that often is used to explain a difference between the "look" and "feel" of one coin and another. In other words, the physical characteristics of the metal object as opposed to the artistic "style" of the image which is impressed upon it. The thi n, spread fabric of a Sasanian drachm, for example, is noticeably different th an the thicker compact fabric of an Athenian or evcn a~ Alexander drachm of approximately the same weight

Although the images chosen fo r a particular coin series have always been subject to quick and dramatic change, thl: fabric of coins from any particular place and time varied litt le. It was not a trivial issue to change the fi nely honed system of production that evolved at a major mint, nor to gain acceptance among the populace for a coin which felt '"differe nt" than they were accustomed to.. Major changes in the fabr ic of a coin were usually accompanied by a change in its tariffing or monetary value. We usually think of these changes as a reflection of monetary crisis or monetary refonn.

Sometimes, we find changes in fabric which werc prompted not by monetary considerations but by technical ones. As mint masters perfected their trade, or as the demands of evolving art trends dictated , the fab r ic of a coin was occasionally "'improved" to suit the needs of technical and artistic progress.

It is dangerous to suggest hard and fast rules for dating ancient coins by fabric , since there were great variations between one mint and another al the same point in time. However, it is possible to arrange coins chronologically, within certain limiLs, at a single minl--espccially if that mint's production was regular and sustained over a lengthy period.

In his article on the Celenderis Hoard (Numismatic Chronicle, 1962) Colin Kraay character ized the coinage of southern Asia Minor as undergoing three main stages:

T. Coinages of dumpy fabric .

II. Coinages of spread fabric, usually with a dolted border within the incuse square .

1[1. Coinages with morecompacl nans, with a circular reverse die ..

Within the narrow geographic limits of southern Asia Minor, the foregoing stages basically cover the period of early fifth to carly fourth cenl ury Be. Narrowing that window somewhat, leI us look as some cxamples of the coina"e from stage II. A silver stater (Fig. 1) fro~ Soli, on the Cilician coast, may be dated to approximately 400 Be. Another silvcr stater (Fig. 2) of similar weight from Aspendos, a li tt le farther west on the southern coast of Asia Mi nor, may be dated 10 approximately 370 Be. The precision of these dates is the product of literally centuries o f research and refinement of chronologies based on the study of hoards, dic relationships, epigraphy, style and yes, fabric. Both of these coins exhibit the dotted border wi thin im:use square of Kraay's stage 11. Although it might not be obvious 10 the untrained eye, the staler !i'om Aspendos is struck on a slightly thinner and wider llan than the Soli stater. While Ihis may seem too insignificant to mention, it relleets exactly the changing conditions that may be seen throughout this region during the closing years of the fifth ccntUl)' and the first quarter of the fOUlth century. II would be easy enough for us to substitute otilerspecimens, even from other mints, to illustrate the same transi tion.

So, if we already know the dates for these coins why should we be concerned with a relatively slighl change in fabric? Because there arc a number of mints for wh ich we do not have solid chronologies. One of these mints is that of Mallos, a very close neighbor of Sol i and a city which of len shared coinage of very similar design and fabric. In attempting to date a stater from Mallos with dotted border within an incuse square (Fig. 3). we can

Fig. 1 $011; CHicia, AR stater;

2Omm, 10.28 gm., ca. 400 BC (Leu Numismatik photo)

Fig. 2 Aspendos, Pamphylia, AR stater 22mm, 10.80 gm., ca. 370 BC

(Leu Numismatik photo)

• Fig. 3 Mal/os, Cificia, AR stater

22mm, 10.64 gm., ca. 400 BC (Leu Numismatik photo)

loo k wi th reasonab le ce rtainty to the contemporary coinage of the region. The similarity of fabric between the stater of Soli in Fig. I and this stater of Mallos is such thaI we can comfortably assign a date of about 400 Be to the latter.

The building of chronologies is an inexact science 10 be sure, and anomal ies can create incredible confusion. But the diligence of successive generations of numismatists generally enhances our ever­increasing knowledge of the pas\.

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October 2002 47

Attempting to examine hundreds of lots of slabbed ancient coins at the Heri­tage ANA auction was an awkward and disconcerting ordeal, one r hope not to repeal in this lifetime. r think this is the numismatic equi valent of kinky sex: bronzes in bondage, denarii in distress, I' ve occasionally examined slabbed coins before, so I was ready with a sort of opti­cal algorithm 10 convert what r was see­ing underneath the plastic back into an actual coin, although a strangely Oat one without an edge. We all do this sort of thing routinely when viewing coi ns in photos or on a monitor. What I hadn't expected was the collateral damage caused by the slabbing process. No, not damage to the coin itself. I almost wish that was the prob­lem, because then the slabbers would have no choice but to slink back into their holes and leave us in peace. What was damaged was the auction experience. The original collector had diligently saved the original flips and tickets from his coins, and often had clipped a catalogue description as well. With equal diligence, the auction house had then attached all this pointless detritus to the back of the slab with rubber bands. There was no way to efficiently go through a box. The rubber bands would catch on the adjacent lots, and needed to be disentangled. Sometimes, it wasn 't ob­vious where a lot ended and the next one began. Worst of al l, if you wanted to look at the reverse of the coin, you needed to remove the rubber band and put all the

associated crap to one side. The result was rarely worth the efTort. Then you had to reassemble the lot before moving on. TIme is money, but apparently not in Slabland. One prominent dealer told me it took two very experienced people five or six hours to vicw the entire run of ancients: if the coins were normally di splayed, that time would have been cut in half. They had more patience than I did; I skipped whole sections to hasten my escape. J was hoping Heritage would include a hammer with every lot, perhaps taste­fu lly adorned witb their logo and phone number, but no such luck .

This may all sound like nit-picking, Of

a quixotic desire to hold back progress, al though the contrast betwcen this sale and the grace of a Swiss auction was truly star­tling. Is there perhaps another way to look at the slabbing of ancient coins, some ben­efit Ihat justifies the inevitable hassle? Slabbing is certainl y a boon for tclemarketers, who no doubt have feelings too, hopes and dreams that resemble those of actual humans. The Heritage coins were slabbed at the insistence of the collector, who felt that third-party. "objective" grad­ing would help him preach the gospel of ancients to a larger audience. 1 suppose that's a laudable goal. Based on some un­usual patterns in the live Internet biddi ng (another innovation that made the progress of the auction itself excruciatingly slow,) there's some reason to think thi s was mildly successful. A handful of people may well have bought their first ancient coin in this sale. I'm happy for them. I'd love to be convinced that this will be the beginning of a lifelong passion, or at least a beautiful friendship, but I have my doubts. An ancient coin encased in plastic may as well be locked behind the glass of a museum case. It will still have a story to ten, but it will tell it coldly. speaking to the intellect but not the spirit. Most col­lectors want to be able to ho ld their coins, even if they don't do it often; watch the light glint at different angles and fcc l a con-

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nection both to history and objet. An an­cient coin in a slab is just stuff.

There are practical problems also. TIle reality is, the people who slab ancient coins arc not very good at it. The informat ion they provide is sketchy at best, no cata­logue reference, frequently no weight,just the bare bones of a description which is sometimes misleading or wrong. 1 've seen a photo of a slab (not in this sale) labeled "Caracalla" which contained a denarius of Elagabalus. This is a common mistake of beginners, but these people are supposed to be experts. If they are capable of a boner like that. why believe what they say about authenticity or any tiling else? Heritage was sensible enough to employ a genuine expert in ancient coins (Paul Rynearson) to write the catalogue itself; he carefully corrected the worst emb ossed misattri buti ons (a wrong mint on a tetradrachm of Alexandercomes to mind), added references, and gently pointed the newcomer in interesting directions. The catalogue provided a useful introduction to ancient numismatics, but if this Salt of corrective text is needed, what is the point of the slab?

The defenders of slabbing ancienL~ will claim the slabs provide needed protection against damage or chemical change. This is a valid point regarding high grade US coins, where a chance fi ngerprint or hair­line scratch is the end of life as we h ow il. High grade or proof Morgan dollars are delicate flowers, whining for shelter from even the threat of a stoml. Ancient coins arc tougher than that; they've survived thousands of years of burial or submer­sion, followed by sometimes heavy­handed cleaning after they've been found . When I was flISt collecting, an old,time and very well respected dealer bounced a Severan denarius to me across a wooden desk. J cringed, and r don't really recom­mend that sort of treatment (if a coin is crystallized, it can shatter on impact!), but he did it del iberately, to make a point. Anc ient coins can stand a surprising amount of handling and be no worse for wear (pun only partially intended.) As for oxidation and other chemical changes, experienced collectors call that toning or patina and will pay a premium for it.

The real point of slabbing ancients is to give them a permanent grade, and a guarantee of authenticity. The former of course is also a carry-over from US coin collecting, where imperceptible minutia of preservation can mean thousands of dol­lars in the real world. I have no comment on that; to each his own ... But the equa­tion gradc=quality=value is simply not true in ancient numismatics, Detennina­tion of the value of an ancient coin, rela­tive to others of the same type, is exquis-

itely more subtle. Tbe amount of wear is ccrtainly one determinant of value, but it's no more basic than other factors: ccnter­ing, strike, toning, die wear, pedigree, the quality of the engraving. A beautifully toned, perfectly centered VF coin, from a famous collection and of the best style for the type, may well be worth much more than the same type. struck off-center, par­tially Ilat, indifferently drawn, but lruly Mint State. This is entirely typical, not an extreme case at all. In any case, the "experts" at the slab mills who grade ancient coins are not very good at that either. In my opinion, (and I do consider myself an accurate and consistent grader), the grades of the slabbed Heri­tage coins were erratic at best, erring in either direction with no obvious pattern. Flatly struck areas or coarse fabric were mistaken for wear; rcsidualluster in pro­tected parts of the coin somet imes seemed enough to elevate it to AU sta­tus, no matter if the high points showed obvious signs of extended circulation.

'me guarantee of authenticity is prob­ably the most useful aspect of slabbing ancients, if the people making the guar­antee are in fact competent to give it. Per­haps they are; certainly I saw no obvious fakes, although the slab leaves the collec­tor largely at the mercy of the authentica­tor, since the surface ofthe coin cannot be closely examined, and thc edge, crucial to detecting many counterfeits, can no longer be seen at all. Such a largely uncheckable guarantee may give a new collector a fuzzy feeling of safety, but at best, it's worth no more than the lifetime guarantee offered by all reputable dealers of unslabbed ancient coins.

I do understand that the differences between collecting US and ancient coins are not intuitively obvious. I'm thrilled when collectors graduate to ancients, and it's not at all my intention to put anyone down for their "ignorance". Certainly people need to learn, but the solution is to teach thcm to determine for themselves the quality and value of an ancient coin, not to pander to their prej udices and lazi­ness by marketing hand-made ancien t coins, each one at least a bit different from the rest, as though they're modem dollars, machine-struck from hubbcd dies, essen­tially clones.

****** TIlanks to everyone who rcsponded to

my plea for feedback, somewhere between several and many. I'll try to incorporate as many of your suggestions into future columns as I can. If I fail to do so, the fault lies in my lack of insight or knowl­edge, not in the quality of the suggestions.

Heodio Coot. from page 46

did the same. The reason I think it was not Roman soldiers is that therc was surely more valuable booty for them to have looted. While of no value at all to a Ro­man, this coin, would have meaning to sur­viving followers of Bar Kochba.

Of the end of the Bar Kochba War, Dio Cassius reports that, "Very few of (the Jews) in fact survived. Fifty of their most important outposts and nine hundred and eighty-five of their most famous villages were razed to thc ground. Five hundred and eighty thousand men were slain in the

various raids and hattles, and the number of those that perished by famine, disease and lire was past finding out."

DioCassius doesn't report in the same detail the severity of the struggle on the side of the Romans. Hc notes, however, that "Many Romans ... perishcd in the war." Just how many can be seen by his next scntcnce: "Therefore Hadrian in writ­ing to the senate did not employ the open­ing phrase commonly affected hy thc em­perors, ' If you and your children are in health, it is well; I and the legions arc in health,'"

© Copyright 2002 by David Hcndin

Ancient, Medieval and Milled Coins & HistOrJCa/ Medals

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October 2002 49

Experts Cont. from page 41

VHQG WKH IRXUWK WR

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(Thanks to Christine and her friend Rebecca for their hdp).

Sec you next month. CARPE DIEM!! Have fun collecting ~ Share your Hobby -enjoy! - SEND IN SOME QUESTIONS! COMMENTS.

Medieval Cont. from page 44

* Coins , engraved gems and ars sacra

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50 The Gelator

Freeman Cont. from page 39

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The site's newest feature is an elec­tronic auction system that will com­mence in October, Michaels said . "We've designed ou r electronic auctions with the same goals we used for the general site: speed, accuracy, and sim­plicity of operation." Auctions will fea­ture both coins and artifacts, and will appear on the site for a two-week pe­riod . As with the fixed price catalog,

customers will be able to view digital im­ages and a full description of the coin or artifact and make specific inquiries before placing bids. Bidders will be required to fill out a simple registration form to partici­pate. Customers who have been outbid will receive an automatic email notification while the auction is in progress, and win­ning bidders will be notified and invoiced via email at the conclusion.

"We invite anyone with an interest in classical antiqu ity to stop by www.freemanandsear.com and give our site a look;' Michaels said. 'We enjoy hear­ing from our clients and are always open to suggestions."

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October 2002 53

Professional Directory

( Coins

Maine Classical Numismatics

2069 Atlantic Hwy., Warren, ME 04864

Bowley's: A full service coin center Open 7am to 5pm Mon. thru Fri.

and 7am to 4pm on Sat.

U.s. Route #1, Warren, Maine Business: 207-273-3462

Home: 207-273-2653

When ill Maine stop ill and see us. We will be glad to see you.

Barrie Jenkins Classical Numismatist

Islamic, Indian and Central Asian Coinages

Persic Gallery P.o. Box 10317

Torrance. CA 90505 (310) 326·8866· r ax: (310) 326-56 18

54 The Celator

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For the finest of numismatic art,

write/or a complimentary copy

of our fixed price and mail bid catalogues.

PRo PavL ~ynEaRson 30 years in issuing

catalogues of ancient coins.

P.O. Box 4009 Malibu California 90264

Jonathan K. Kern Co. Hachelor of Art .. , Numismatics

Ancient, Medieval, Early American Numismatics

441 S. Ashland Lexington, K Y 40502

(859) 269·1614 Email: [email protected]

Warden Numismatics, LLC

Specialists on Coinages of Greece, Rome, the Near East,

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Derek P,B. Warden Classical Numismatist

P,O. Box 121 Wyncote, PA 19095 USA

e-mail: dwarden@comcaSLnet Te l.lFax: 215-884-6721

) ( Coiils

PRICE LIST OF ANCIENT COlNS I\.\> offer Jrrquenl An,;ml Bargain Price Lists

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NUMISMi\T'IK

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D-80333 MUnchen, Germany

•

Te l. (49) (89) 29 90 70 .~ ..... ... Fax. (49) (89) 22 07 62 ; •

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Antiquities, World Art

~rtID@) Huge Internet Gallery

Major On-Line Auction Unsold Items Now At

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Tel: 973-398-9557, Fax: 398-8082 POB 714, Lake Hopatcong, NJ 07849

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Visiting:

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Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. Chicago's Full Service Dealer Since 1964 - Our 37th Year

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Classical numismalisls serving beginners 111m advanced collectors

Free Illustrated Catalogs

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AMPHORA Jewish· Biblical Greek· Roman Coins· Weights

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October 2002 55

Professional Directory

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Dr. Ralph DeMarco Interest ing Ancient Coins

of High Quality

"Not your average hoard material"

P.O. Box 705 Murray Hill , NJ 07974 (908) 464-7252 [email protected] http://mywebpages.comcast.netlmarcoinS/

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PO Box 398 Schwenksville, PA 19473

(610) 287-4820 fax (610) 287-4821 E-mail: [email protected]

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October 2 002 57

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flVDEX OF DISPLAY ADVERTISERS Album. Stephen ... ... .. . ....... .. . . .... . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . ... . 55 Amphora 34. 46.55 Ancient Coin Markel (ACM -L) 42 " rIC;"nt & Rare Coins 56 Ar"ltiOCl"l MiIOCiales 21 Ant;qua Inc . ... ..... ... .. .... ..... .. .. . .. .... ..... ..... .. .. ....... .. ....... . 27 Antiqoariu. 51)

Me Primitbro 51 Art of Money to. 55 ASIMeS .A 1 ~

Atlan~s. 56 EJ.ay Sta1e 36 Beac~. Jaroos E. . 53 Ber1< Ltd .. Harlan J . .. . .. . .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... ... ..... .. .. 31 . 55 Be rmao . Alen G ... .. . .. . ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . 14 ~orn . Christian .... ... ........ ..... ... .... .... ........... ....... .. ........ 51 Calgary Coin Gallel)l ... .. .. .... .. . .. ......... ..... ...... ...... ........ 53 Carlisle o.volopmont Corp_ 43 Cecle~"'d. Torn Ins<<Ie F,oot Cover CGB-CGF ... .... .... ........... ... ... .. .. ....... .. .. ....... .. .. ... .. ........ 2(l Clas<ic>1 Ca.h 40.53 Classi<:al Co<n Cases .. ... .. ... .... .... .... ... ... .... .... ... ... .... .... 57 Classical Numismatic Group. loe Inside Boc~ Cove, CoIo$seum Coin Exchange 53 Davis. Charles 37 Davis. Kill< . .. . ....... .... . ..... ... ....... .. ...... 26. 58 Davisson. Ltd 57 Delphi Inte rMlionai 56 DeMarco. Dr Ralph ... .. .. ...... .... .... ... .. . .. . ... .. ..... . .. . .. 56 D<>rney. KcfVloth 5S Durst. Sarrlord J . _ .. .. . .. . ... ... .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... .. .. . .. . .. ... .... .. .. 35 Elsen S .... _. Jean . 56 FragnIJnl< ot Ti"", 51 Freem.-.n & SMr 25 Goldbe rg. Ira & Ul rry 9 Gorny & Mosch .... ..... .... .... ... .. .. ..... ...... .... .. .. . .. .... .. . .. 56 HD Enle rpri$e, 51 H~ra~I~. N<mismalics.lr-.c.. 51 Hippocampo. 53 HislOrycoin .com 49 Hu",,,,,. Slephe<, . ... .... ........ .. . .. ... .. . .. ........ . .. ........ .. ... 6. 52 In<;lope"",>nt Coin Grad ing (ICG) 11 Korn Co .. Jo<>athan K ..... ... . .. . ... ...... . .. . .. 54 Kolbe. Geo«J€ F reOOric~ .. .. ...... .... .. .. ............... ... .. .. 32. 52 Kovacs. Fraok L . .. .... .... .. .. .......... .. .. . .. .... .. .. . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. a Knn. Brtan .. .......... ...... . .. . .. ..... ....... ... .. .. . .. .... ........... .... 52 Lennox Gallery 48 Leu Numismatics. Ltd ...... .... .. .... ........ ....... .... ... .. .. .. . t9 .25 Loodon Coin Galleries .. . ... . .. .... ... .. ....... . .. . .. 44 LOOQ Beach Coin & Coiloclibles EXjlO •.. •.. •... •....•.. .. 36 Mai"" Classical Numismatics ....... .. .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. ........ . .. . .. 54 Maltor. Joel & Co_ 57 Marko • . Omitry ... ............... .. ............ ... ....... .... .. .. .......... .. 13 Monon ~ Eclen LM 30 M(mz,," und Medail . n AG 7. 17 Murphy. Barry P ._ ... .. ........ . .. . ... .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . ... .. . .. 58 M & M Numismatics. Ud_ 57 M & A Coons 54 New York International Numismatic Coov . . .. . .. .. . ... . .. .. . .. 15 New York Sale V. The 27 Ni .... C<MnsIKal_ 53 No""" •• ",,"",·.Id 51 NumOsmatic Art. of Soola Fe 51 Numismalica ArS Class;ca AD. •.•.. •.•• .•• ..... •.•• .•..... •.. •.. 2"9 Numismatik lan~ 54 Num .. rory.com 57 Owen. Edga r L ..... .... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... . 54 Papyrus ElooI;s .. . .... . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . ... .. . .. .. . .. . ... ... ... ... .. 52 ParS COOs 55 Pcgasi Numi~matlc$ 5. 55 Peroic Gal lery 54 ""us. Or. Bu.s<> Nachfolge r .... ... ... .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. .... ... .. ... .. . 18 f'tl ilps. Way"" C 57 f'ie"". ofTim" 52 Poolerio & Assoo>.tes .. . .. ... .... .. .. .... ....... ..... ... ..... 3.24 . 53 ProIe .. ional Numismatists Gui):;l Z8 Aescigno . Harry 51 Raoch GmbH. H.O 41 Aistow. John 51 AomM Conncctiorl. The 51 Rosenblum. Willam M . ....... ... ... .. . ... .. .. . ... ... .. ... ... ... .. 22.55 Royal Athena Galle(ies 45 Aud(j. Chris 4.53 Rudnik Numismalic. 52 Rynearson. P~ul 54 Samus Nc.mismal;cs. LLC .. ..... ............ .. ........... .......... . 43 SaIO". Ir-.c .. John Pall! .. ..... .. .... ... .... .... ... ..... ... .... ... ....... . 36 Sa)'l< •• Wayne G_ . Antiquarian 47.54 Schi oke. Glenn 52 Sear. David A 52 Shore. Fred B 56 Sm)1he. AM_ 52 Sporton Numi,mabcs 53 Spi" & Soo ltd 39 SIact'$ Back Cov.r Sternber9', 58 Swiss NLM'rIismal1C Society 49 T_ Machloe Co . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .... . .. . .. . .. . ... ..... .. .. . .... . 51 Topcoin •. com .. ... .... .... ......... ........ .... ....... .... ........ ... ........ 39 Treasure 1$lall(! . _._ .. _ ..... _ .. _ ... .. .. . .. _ ... .. ... .. .... ... .... ... . 55 Tr4rorl~t" _. _ _ _ .. ... _ ....... . 57 Tw"~e A"""nt Coins ... . .. . .. ........ ........... . .. ........ .... .. .... .. 56 Vcoi"s .. . .. ........ ....... .... . .. .... ... .. .. . .. .... ..... .. .... . .. ...... .. . . _ 23 VOSp"r. Mil<e ........ ...... .. .... .. ..... ... ... .. .... .. . .. ... .. .... .... . .. ... 56 Waddel . Edwa(d J. ltd_ 16.52 Warden Numismatics . LLC .. 57 Wei .. Colectabie Sales .. .... .. ... .. . .. . .. ........ . .. . .. .......... ... 57 Woods. Glenn W .. ..... .. .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. . .. .... ... .. .. . .. ... ....... . .. ... 41 lauch<>. Doll & Mar""la ........ .... ................ .. ....... ....... . .. 56 Ye 0Ide Curiositie Stq>pe .. 33

October 2002 59

I. 7.

13. 14. 16. 17.

18.

19. 20. 2 1. 22. 24. 26. 27.

29.

30.

31. 33. 34. , -YJ.

36.

40. 45. 46.

47. 48.

49.

51. 52. 53.

54. 56. 57. 59.

61. 62. 63. 64.

ACROSS

Good rlace for a clock Lyrica recit3.tive Strong refreshment T olkien wizard Of no further use Handel 's fJrst London opera Local stores sell thIS

(abbrev.! Brief de ense project Switch positions Pac.' s counterpart Casualties, in prgon Precipitous? Method of transport Like past due obligations Dalin D haliwal's network Proper term [or 15 down, in quantity, as per 53 down Panner of 40 across Dallas senoritas Fuggedabouti ts Auto brand " As pleasures in the vale o f pain": Scott See 31 across Salome (1918)

de f1anc '("''f""h-o-mas Bee k ct was said to have this) Run off W ith 37 down, 31 and 40 acr?~s, ~s per their antontnlanl Lucilla in The Fall of [he Roman Empire Acre intra Shon Hawaiian fad Twa vcars in the princ~pate of Augustus Inlet Gas guzzler Fetid gas How roast pheasant once was served Renee 's 2001 role Una voce passages Smooth, shiny , nd dry Network managers

60 The Celator

CELATOR CROSSWORD

P U ZZ L E © 2002 BY BIL L LEUBRIE

DOWN

1. Czech composer Bohuslav

2. Industrial lighting 3. Last degree 4. Maria and her sisters 5. Writer Bagnold et a1. 6. Sometime partner of

35 down 7. "Make man

cry" 8. Precipitous? 9. Caravanserais

10. Harem room 11. Obeisances 12. Public Radio's

"WoodSongs _ _ Radio Hour"

13. Typical of 18 across 15. Both 6 and 35 down

issued this 23 . Six in Rome 25. Short extra periods 2(). Protohistonc

northern tribe 28 . Ancient G reek hair

30. 32. 33. 35. 36.

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.

46. 49. 50. 53.

55. 58. 60.

No.2

ribbon (var.) Tantalus' daughter Vote in Quebec Blanc See 6 down "If Only [ Had ~_" : Queen Maxine & the Mutts, Songs for Dogs See 48 across Republica Serenissima Accumulate It might be sinister

d'Orleans 'UTnccs CCur ceas i n g I y Hopeful event's Remote control devices A half Shining, perhaps Ass Contemporary au~hority on ancient comage Erithacus rubecttla ) e.s. Summer time in MaUl Equal prefix

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Ckicd Numisrnatic Grcup, hrc

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tinit.d Stat6 Offf<e: Post Off@ Box 47q Landster PA 17608{479, U!,Ald,717 3fi9194 Fd:717 3fr-9978

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$och'f o,on @uilwiesis pleased to an ou ce its rcg"ta, AUTUMN MAIL BID SALE .7

ANCIENT AND MODERN COINS OF THE WORLDANDTHEI.INITED STATES

Closing Date: Wednesday, Novembe r 6'n , 2OO2

Coin Galleries has be€n conducli.g Mail Bid A ctio.s teaturing Ancient coins since 1954. Our sates &e quanerly, in the Spring.

Sumer, Fall and Winter, with ile oexr one sheduled lor February 12, 2003 Thok wishing ro consign naterial should co.-tacl us as soon d possible. CoiN for indNion iD otrr Febru*y sal€ shorrld b. in our ha ls no later thm Noiember 14, 2002.

Featuring a Specialized. Collectian ofCeltic Coins

Ancient coins.for eyery interest and pocketbook

Profusely Illustrated Catalogues Available Now!

The Price of $ 10.00 Includes the Prices Realized

VISIT US ON THE WORI-D WIDE WEB AT: I,wwstacKs.comN EW PU RCHASES-MONTHLY OF F ERINGS_AUCTION IN FOR]LATION

$oeh I @ o t n G au er t es +:i"I:X": il' i j!l! l:r: XI I',',-,,X,i!3 i ;

(2t2) 582-2580 (212) 582-1946

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