Voice of verbs active and passive

HIC university of south Asia

• Mamoona Jabeen• Bcs 4th semester• Presentation Name:

Active&Passive• Teacher Name: Miss Mehvish• Subject: Functional English

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Active & PassiveActive & PassiveActive Voice Form

• When we want to say that the subject of a sentence is doing the action, we use the verb of that sentence in its Active form:

• e.g. A man is cutting down a tree. ‘A man’ = subject -- doing the action -- cutting - Active

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Active & PassiveActive & PassivePassive Voice Form

• When we want to say that the subject of a sentence is not doing anything but is allowing something to be done to it by somebody else, we use the Passive Voice form:e.g. A tree is being cut down by a man.‘A tree’ = subject = not doing anything, but allowing ‘a man’ to cut it. Passive

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Active-Passive Voice – example 1Active-Passive Voice – example 1

The boy The boy is carryingis carrying the girl. the girl. Active VoiceActive Voice

The boy = subjectThe boy = subject

is carrying = verbis carrying = verb

the girl = object of the verb the girl = object of the verb

Who is doing the action of carrying? = Who is doing the action of carrying? =

‘‘The boy’ – subject of the sentenceThe boy’ – subject of the sentence

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Active-Passive Voice –Active-Passive Voice – example 2 example 2

The girl The girl is being carriedis being carried by the boy. by the boy. Passive VoicePassive Voice

The girl = subjectThe girl = subjectis being carried = verbis being carried = verbby = prepositionby = prepositionthe boy = object of the preposition ‘by’the boy = object of the preposition ‘by’Who is doing the action of carrying? Who is doing the action of carrying? = = NotNot ‘The girl’, the subject, but ‘the boy’, the object ‘The girl’, the subject, but ‘the boy’, the object

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Active-Passive Voice – Active-Passive Voice – changes 1changes 1

AyyanAyyan reads a book every day. reads a book every day. Active VoiceActive Voice

‘‘Ayyan’ -- the subject of the Active sentence…Ayyan’ -- the subject of the Active sentence…

A book is read every day A book is read every day by by AyyanAyyan. . Passive VoicePassive Voice

‘‘by Ayyan’ – object of the preposition ‘by’by Ayyan’ – object of the preposition ‘by’

The subject of the Active sentence becomes the The subject of the Active sentence becomes the object of the preposition in the Passive sentence!object of the preposition in the Passive sentence!

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Active-Passive Voice – changes 2Active-Passive Voice – changes 2

Ayyan Ayyan readsreads a book every day. Active Voice a book every day. Active Voice

‘‘reads’ – verb of the Active sentencereads’ – verb of the Active sentence

A book A book is readis read every day by Ayyan. every day by Ayyan. PassivePassive voicevoice

The Active form of the verb in Active sentence is The Active form of the verb in Active sentence is changed into the Passive form in Passive sentence.changed into the Passive form in Passive sentence.

‘‘readsreads’ becomes “’ becomes “is readis read”!”!

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Active-Passive Voice – changes 3Active-Passive Voice – changes 3

Ayyan reads Ayyan reads a booka book every day. every day. Active VoiceActive Voice

‘‘a book’ -- object of the verba book’ -- object of the verbA bookA book is read every day by Ayyan. is read every day by Ayyan. Passive voicePassive voice‘‘A book’ -- subject of the passive sentence…A book’ -- subject of the passive sentence…

The object of the verb in the Active sentence becomes the subject of the Passive sentence.

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Active-Passive Voice – Active-Passive Voice – note 1note 1

He cooks He cooks foodfood. Active Voice. Active Voice‘‘food’ – object of the verb – food’ – object of the verb – singularsingular

FoodFood isis cooked by him. Passive Voice cooked by him. Passive Voice‘‘Food’ – subject of the passive Food’ – subject of the passive

sentence – singular, so ‘sentence – singular, so ‘isis cooked’ -- cooked’ -- verb verb singularsingular

When the subject of a When the subject of a sentence is singular, the sentence is singular, the verb must also be in singularverb must also be in singular

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Active-Passive Voice – note 2

When the subject of a sentence is Plural, the verb of that sentence must be Plural:

He carried some books. Active Voice

‘some books’ -- object of the verb in Active – Plural

Some books were carried by him. Passive Voice

‘were carried’ – verb – ‘were’ plural / ‘books’ plural

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Active-Passive Voice -- note 3

• She has signed ten letters. Active Voice‘She’ – subject; ‘has’ – part of the verb – singular‘ten letters’ – object of the verb in Active -- plural

Ten letters havehave been signed by her. Passive Voice‘Ten letters’ – subject – plural; ‘have been signed’ verb –‘have’ -- plural

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Active-Passive Voice – Active-Passive Voice – Tense ChangeTense Change 1 1

She She bakesbakes cakes. Active cakes. Active

‘‘bakes’ – verb – bakes’ – verb –

Simple Present TenseSimple Present Tense

Cakes Cakes are bakedare baked by her. by her.

Passive VoicePassive Voice

‘‘are baked’ – verb – are baked’ – verb –

Simple Present TenseSimple Present Tense

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Active-Passive – Tense Change 2Active-Passive – Tense Change 2

He He is buildingis building a sand castle. a sand castle.

‘‘is building’ – verb – is building’ – verb –

present continues tense – present continues tense –

ACTIVE VOICE FORMACTIVE VOICE FORM

A sand castle A sand castle is being builtis being built by him. by him.

‘‘is being built’ – verb – is being built’ – verb –

present continues tensepresent continues tense

PASSIVE VOICE FORMPASSIVE VOICE FORM

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Active-Passive -- Tense Change 3 Active-Passive -- Tense Change 3 He He has drawnhas drawn a picture. a picture.‘‘has drawn’ – verb –has drawn’ – verb –present perfect tensepresent perfect tenseACTIVE VOICEACTIVE VOICE

A picture A picture has been drawnhas been drawn by him. by him. ‘‘has been drawn’ – verb –has been drawn’ – verb –present perfect tensepresent perfect tensePASSIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICE

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Active-Passive – Tense Change 4

According to the traditional grammar rules, the present perfect continues tense is not used in PASSIVE VOICE FORM; however, in the contemporary English, there are occasions where the present perfect continues tense is used in the Passive Voice:e.g. He has been mowing the lawn. Active VoiceThe lawn has been being mowed by him.

Passive Voice

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Active-Passive Voice – Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 5Tense Change 5

• She She toldtold me a secret. me a secret. Active VoiceActive Voice‘‘told’ – verb – simple past tense told’ – verb – simple past tense

A secret A secret was toldwas told (to) me by her. (to) me by her. Passive VoicePassive Voice

‘‘was told’ – verb – simple past tensewas told’ – verb – simple past tense

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Active-Passive Voice – Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 6Tense Change 6

The postman The postman was deliveringwas delivering the post. the post. ‘‘was delivering’ -- verb -- Past Continuous Tensewas delivering’ -- verb -- Past Continuous Tense

ACTIVE VOICE FORMACTIVE VOICE FORM

The post The post was being deliveredwas being delivered by the postman. by the postman.‘‘was being delivered’ -- verb -- Past continuous Tensewas being delivered’ -- verb -- Past continuous TensePASSIVE VOICE FORMPASSIVE VOICE FORM

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Active-Passive Voice -- Tense Change 7Active-Passive Voice -- Tense Change 7

She She had eatenhad eaten several peas before she offered him any. several peas before she offered him any.

‘‘had eaten’ – verb – past perfect tense – Activehad eaten’ – verb – past perfect tense – Active

Several peas Several peas had been eatenhad been eaten by her before she offered him by her before she offered him any.any.

‘‘had been eaten’ – verb – past perfect tense -- Passivehad been eaten’ – verb – past perfect tense -- Passive

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Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 8Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 8

According to the traditional grammar rules, the According to the traditional grammar rules, the past perfect continuous tense is not used in past perfect continuous tense is not used in Passive form; however, in the contemporary Passive form; however, in the contemporary English, there are occasions where the past English, there are occasions where the past perfect tense is used in the Passive Form, too!perfect tense is used in the Passive Form, too!

He He had been writing lettershad been writing letters for half an hour for half an hour before somebody called him out.before somebody called him out.

Letters Letters had been being writtenhad been being written for half an hour for half an hour (by (by

him) him) before somebody called him out.before somebody called him out.

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Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 9

They will give the beggar some money. ‘will give’ -- verb -- simple future tense -- Active

The beggar will be given some money by them.‘will be given’ -- verb -- simple future tense -- Passive

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Active-Passive -- Tense Change10

• According to the traditional grammar rules, the future continuous tense in the Active is not used in Passive Voice Form.

• e.g. They will be playing with fireworks by the time their father reaches home. Active‘will be playing’ – verb – future continuous

-------- NO PASSIVE --------

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Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 1111

► Sue Sue will have sewnwill have sewn two dresses by 12 O’ clock. two dresses by 12 O’ clock. ‘‘will have sewn’ – verb – future perfect tense – will have sewn’ – verb – future perfect tense – ActiveActive

Two dresses Two dresses will have been sewnwill have been sewn by 12 O’ clock by Sue. by 12 O’ clock by Sue. ‘‘will have been sewn’ – verb – future perfect tense -- will have been sewn’ – verb – future perfect tense --

PassivePassive

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Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 12Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 12

According to the traditional grammar rules, the According to the traditional grammar rules, the future perfect continuous tense is not used in the future perfect continuous tense is not used in the Passive Voice Form:Passive Voice Form:

e.g. You e.g. You will have been workingwill have been working on the course on the course material for 2 hours by 6 in the evening.material for 2 hours by 6 in the evening.

‘‘will have been working’ – verb – will have been working’ – verb –

Future Perfect Continuous Tense – ActiveFuture Perfect Continuous Tense – Active

---------- NO CHANGE -------------------- NO CHANGE ----------

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Active-Passive Voice – Tense Change 13

The Modal Auxiliary (helping) Verbs in Passive Voice Form take ‘be’: e.g. He will give you a book. Active VoiceYou will be given a book by him. Passive e.g. They can pick a number. Active VoiceA number can be picked by them. Passivee.g. We must finish this job. Active Voice This job must be finished by us. Passive

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Active-Passive Voice – Active-Passive Voice – note 1note 1

The Subject of the active voice sentence becomes the The Subject of the active voice sentence becomes the object of the preposition in the Passive Voice sentence. The object of the preposition in the Passive Voice sentence. The preposition is usually ‘by’ when the object is a person, and preposition is usually ‘by’ when the object is a person, and ‘with’ when the object is a thing, such as a knife, gun, ‘with’ when the object is a thing, such as a knife, gun, arrow, etc.arrow, etc.

e.g. The hunter e.g. The hunter shotshot the deer with an arrow. Active the deer with an arrow. Active The deer The deer was shotwas shot withwith an arrow an arrow byby the hunter. Passive the hunter. Passive‘‘an arrow’ -- a thing – preposition ‘with’an arrow’ -- a thing – preposition ‘with’‘‘a hunter’ -- a person -- preposition ‘by’a hunter’ -- a person -- preposition ‘by’

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Active-Passive Voice – note 2

When there are two objects of the verb in the active voice sentence, we can change that active sentence into passive in two way: using the first object in one sentence and the second object in the other.

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Active-Passive Voice – Active-Passive Voice – note 2note 2 (continued)(continued)

e.g. The teacher teaches e.g. The teacher teaches youyou a lessona lesson. Active. Active‘‘you’ – object of the verb / ‘a lesson’ – object of the verbyou’ – object of the verb / ‘a lesson’ – object of the verb

(A)(A) YouYou are taught a lesson by the teacher. Passive are taught a lesson by the teacher. Passive

(B)(B) A lessonA lesson is taught to you by the teacher. Passive is taught to you by the teacher. Passive

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Active-Passive Voice -- note 3

• In writing the Passive Voice, in most cases, the preposition – ‘by’ or ‘with’ – and its object are not used, because they are understood:

• e.g. The cook made me an omelette. Active VoiceAn omelette was made for meby the cook.

.Passive Voice