VÖRÖS, A., SZABÓ, J., DULAI, A., SZENTE, I., EBLI, O. & LOBITZER, H. (2003): Early Jurassic fauna and facies of the Schafberg area (Salzkammergut, Austria). - Fragmenta Palaeontologica

FRAGMENTA PALAEONTOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2 1 , BUDAPEST, 2 0 0 3

Early Jurassic fauna and facies of the Schafberg area (Salzkammergut, Austria)

by Attila VÖRÖS, János SZABÓ, Alfréd D U L A I , István SZENTÉ, Oskar EBLI «Sc Harald LOBITZER

Abstract — In order of a complex reexamination of the Jurassic faunas of the Schafberg and closely connected area, the authors carried out new collecing and sampling. The studied area contains localities of classical palaeontological monographs, based on fossils of the Lower Liassic Mierlatz Formation and some other associated limestones. During the field work we attempted to locate the classical sites but most of the exposures are new. Characteristic megafossils are the brachiopods but bivalves and gastropods are also found. Beside notices on the microfacies and microfossils, the identified species of the faunas are listed below, and, some palaeontological remarks are added to most of the listed species. The faunal lists are partly completed with museum materials.

Keywords — Early Jurassic, microfacies, bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods

VÖRÖS, A., SZABÓ, J., D U L A I , A., SZENTÉ, I . , EBLI , O. & LOBITZER, H . (2003): Early Jurassic fauna and facies of the Schafberg area (Salzkammer-gut, Austria). — Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 21: 51—82.

Introduction

Mt Schafberg belongs to the classical areas of Liassic research in the Northern Calcareous Alps and several monographies dating back to the 19th century deal with the rich mega- and microfauna from various lithologies.

The first comprehensive description of the rich mega-fauna of the Hierlatz Limestone we owe to H A U E R (1853, 1855) who already mentioned ammonites and brachiopods in the light reddish and whitish limestones in the higher regions of Schafberg. O P P E L (1861), BlTTNER (1893) and BÖSE (1877) dealt with the brachiopod fauna in more details, while G E Y E R (1893) described the ammonites and STOLICZKA (1861) studied the gastropods and the bivalves. O P P E L assumed, based on findings of ammonites, that the Hierlatz Limestone of the Schafberg is of Lower Liassic age, while STOLICZKA'S studies pointed to Middle Liassic. In 1862 M O J S I S O V I C S paid a short visit to Mt Schafberg and argued that O P P E L is right in the age of the ammonite-bearing basal dark red limestone. However, he regarded the higher part of the gastropod-bearing dark red limestone and the overlying brachiopod-dominated Hierlatz Limestone s.s. as Middle Liassic. S T U R (1871) reports a faunule consisting of ammonites, bivalves and brachiopods from bright red limestones of the Grünsee locality. In his classical paper on the facies differentiarion of various Liassic limestones of the Northern Calcareous Alps, W Ä H N E R (1886) considered the light-red cephalopod-rich limestones of the "Hinter-Schaf-berg" an equivalent of the horizon of Amaltheus margaritatus. From facies point of view W Ä H N E R regarded these variegated cephalopod limestones as transitional development between the brachiopod-crinoid-gastropod-rich Hierlatz Limestone and the true Adnet Limestone. The sponges, radiolarians and foraminifers of the "Uas-Kieselkalk" were described by D U N I K O W S K I (1882). On the occasion of the IXth International Geological Congress in Vienna in the year 1903, W Ä H N E R summarized his rich knowledge on that region in an excursion guide booklet of the Schafberg.

S P E N G L E R (1911), who had been W Ä H N E R ' S student, published the most comprehensive description of the geology of Schafberg, situated within the "Schafberg-Tirolikum" tectonic unit. S P E N G L E R initiated also the first microfacies study of the Schafberg region by L E I S C H N E R (1969). From the tectonic point of view, also the paper by H A H N (1913) is important.

The complex tectonic situation of Mt Schafberg is well explained by P L Ö C H I N G E R (1973). In principle, the upper part of Schafberg is represented by a synclinc, which is overturned towards the North. Looking from the North to the northern wall of Mt Schafberg, we face Upper Jurassic radiolarite in the core of the syncline, which is underlain by red Middle Liassic Adnet type limestones and by Hierlatz limestone, which is well exposed also on the top of Mt Schafberg. The area may be divided into two main tectono-sedimentary units, separated by a large-scale overthrust at the northern foot of the Schafberg, recognized and named by S P E N G L E R (1911) as "Grünsee Überschiebung" or "Grünseescherfläche" ( P L Ö C H I N G E R 1973).

The upper unit forms the bulk of the Schafberg, consisting chiefly of Hierlatz limestones of extremely big thickness and grey, siliceous limestones of Lower Jurassic (mainly Sinemurian) age. The Hierlatz limestones are exposed on the top and on the southern slope of Schafberg in the form of thick, not well-defined beds dipping roughly concordant with the slope. It represents the "bed-like" type of V Ö R Ö S (1991) and can be interpreted as a wide belt of submarine, biodetrital talus of 200-300 m thickness. The source area of the biodetrital material may be sought toward the North, near or beyond die peak region of Schafberg, whereas the interfingering with more distal, basin sediments can be found nearly one km far to the South (e. g. at Schafbergalpe).

The lower unit is exposed in a narrow belt along the northern foot of Schafberg and consists of Upper Triassic

"Plattenkalk", and red crinoidal-brachiopodal limestones (with BÖSE's fauna, Middle Lias). The recent geological maps ( P L Ö C H I N G E R 1973, 1989), show that the red, crinoidal limestones form separate, narrow belts on the northern side of Schafberg, apparendy without direct sedimentary contact to the Lower Liassic Hierlatz limestones. According to our observations, around the Mitterscc, the very gentiy dipping, thick banks of the "Plattenkalk" are cut by two or three, great, parallel, vertical neptunian dykes, exceeding 1 0 m in width. The strike of the dykes is roughly parallel with the northern wall of the Schafberg (WNW to ESE).

The previous palaeontological descriptions have suggested that the Lower Jurassic faunas of Schafberg are very similar to those of the Bakony Mts (Hungary). This similarity was aimed to study by in situ coUecting work, carried out by

the authors during joint field-trips in June 2000, June 2001 and July 2002. We visited some outcrops at Schwarzensee (near Aschergraben, Grafenalm and Meislalm); the peak region of Schafberg; the cliffs and "kars" around Mönichsee and Mittersee (at the northern feet of Schafberg, between Spinnerin and Törlspitz); and the northern slope of Eibenberg (above the lake Mondsee) (see Figure 1).

The collected fossils and samples were divided amongst the participants to study: microfacies and microfauna — O . E B L I , bivalves — I . S Z E N T E ; gastropods —J. S Z A B Ó ;

Sinemurian (Hierlatz Limestone s.s.) brachiopods — A. D U L A I ; Pliensbachian brachiopods — A. V Ö R Ö S .

In the foUowing, we give short description and evaluation of the microfacies types and present lists of the identified fossils, with some taxonomical remarks.

Figure 1 — Localities of the new collections. — Numbers indicate groups of collecting points close to each other

Explanation to Plate I

1 Microfacies la — Crinoidal-biomicrite to sparite (wacke- to packstone). The often abraded crinoidal remains are mosdy surrounded by

svntaxial rim-cements. — Sample SBB 2, x6. 2—3 Microfacies 2 — Filament-crinoid-biomicrite (wacke- to packstone). Besides the characteristic "filaments" (debris of thin-shelled bivalves,

possibly Posidonia alpind), there occurs in Plate I : 2 a bryozoan fragment, that is impregnated on its top with a thick phosphatic crust, whereas sample MS 1 (Plate I : 3) is rich in small phosphatic and Fc/Mn-nodules. — 2: Sample SBM 7, x8; 3: Sample MS 1, XlO.

4—5 Microfacies 3 — Ostracod-echinoderm-biomicrite (wacke- to packstone). Besides the characteristic thick-shelled ostracods (e. g. 4. top) and miliolid foraminifera, sometimes also stromatactis-like features can be recognized (5). — 4: Sample SBM 2, Xl7; 5: Sample SBB 150-1, x8.

6—7 Microfacies 4 — Echinoderm-spicula-biomicrite with forams and ostracodes. Besides spicula (6), there often occur up to several cm large sponges (7), with the osculum filled by peloidal sediment and circular cements. — 6-7: Sample MA 1; 6 = x8, 7 = X 23.

8 Microfacies 2 and 5. — The lower part of the picture exhibits filamentous sediment, containing juvenile ammonites and a burrow (B) in contact to MF-5. This irregular contact is modified by pressure solution as indicated by leached crinoidal fragments (straight above "B") and a small residual layer, not visible at this magnification. — Sample MS 2, XlO.

VÖRÖS, A . , SZABÓ, J., D U L A I , A . , SZENTÉ, L , EBLI, O . & LOBITZER, H .

Microfacies and microfaima

The lithologies of the samples collected at the Schafberg summit, at Mitteralm, Meisl- and Mühlaueralm are inhomogenous and reveal a very differentiated sedimen

tation-regime at this area during Liassic times. Besides crinoidal limestones and strongly condensed facies-types, there occur basinal sediments with intercalated resediments.

Hierlatz Limestone

Microfacies la: Crinoidal-biornicrite to sparite (wacke-to packstone) (Plate I : 1) — Densely packed, often abraded crinoids (30-60%) and mostly broken brachiopod shells (up to 20%) are the main biota in this rock-

type. In sample SBB 2, additional spicula (below 5%) and rare foraminifera [Involutina liasska (JONES), Reophax sp.] occur. The predominant micritic matrix is replaced in many places by syntaxial rim-cements.

"Adnet-Type" Limestone

Microfacies lb: Crinoidal-biornicrite to sparite with lithoclasts (wacke- to packstone) — This type resembles nearly MF la, but often contains subangular lithoclasts.

Microfacies 2: Filament-crinoid-biomicrite (wacke-topackstone) (Plate I : 2-3) — The characteristic debris of thin-shelled bivalve ("filaments", up to 30%) can be oriented either randomly (Plate I : 2—3) or rather parallel to the bedding planes. Beside crinoids (10-30%) there occurs also detritus of thick-shelled bivalves and brachiopods, rare scattered bryozoans (only in samples MS 3 and SBM 7, the latter bearing a phosphatic crust), some ostracods, and in sample MS 3 a small rhyncholith.

The scarce foraminifera constitute of Lrochammina alpina (KRISTAN-TOLIJViANN), Weophax sp., Textularia sp., Oph-thalmidium leischneri (KRISTAN-TOLLAÍANN) and unidentifiable nodosariids and lagenids.

Besides small, angular lithoclasts of unknown origin in sample MS 3, there occur subangular debris of Fe-Mn-crusts, but also small Fe-Mn- and phosphate- nodules (especially in sample MS 1). Some of them seem to be of (Ppar-)autochthonous origin, while others exhibit signs of resedimentation.

Microfacies 3: Ostracod-echinoderrn-biomicrite (wacke-to packstone) (Plate I : 4—5) — Although ostracods (up to 10%) do not reach the amount of the crinoidal debris (15-25%o), they are the characteristic group of this facies. Thick-shelled, mosdy disarticulated valves together with bivalve-and brachiopod-debris (all together up to 10%), are oriented more or less parallel to the bedding planes.

Besides the foraminifera-fauna mentioned above, there occur also Planiinvoluta carinata L E I S C H N E R , Ophthalmidium leischneri K R I S T A N - T O L L M A N N , IJngulina sp. and Lagena sp. In sample Ma 2 a scattered bryozoan was found.

Table 1. — Distribution of the rock samples

MF Sample

Hierlatz Limestone

Adnet Limestone

la lb 2 3 5 SBB 2 X MA 3 X MS 1 X MS 3 X

SBM 7 X MA 2 X

SBB 150/1 X SBB 150/2 X

SBB 1 X MA 1 X

MEI 1 X MS 2 X MS 4 X

SBM 1 X SBM 2 X SBM 3 X SBM 4 X SBM 5 X SBM 6 X SBM 7 X SBM <S X SBM 9 X

SBM 10 X

Explanation to Plate I I

1—2 Microfacies 5. Echinoderm-biomicrite with foraminifera (wacke- to packstone). Due to a different amount of foraminifera that reflect a different degree of condensation, this sediment can occur even in the same sample as echinoderm- or foraminifer-dominated. Between the two extremes shown in these figures, all transitions can be observed. — 1: Sample SBM 4, X7; 2: Sample SBM 5, Xl6.

3—4 Serpulids within MF-type 5. — They exhibit, due to a different degree of condensation, variable states of preservation. While in fig. 4 the original shell structure is mosdy visible, in fig. 5 there it is completely replaced by Fe/Mn-oxides. — 3: Sample SBM 10, X48; 4: Sample SBM 9, x58.

5—6 Resedimented layers within the "Adnet-type" limestones. They are indicated by mixing of different facies-types. The lithoclasts are subangular to rounded and moderate to well sorted. In fig. 6, the sparitic and microsparitic interstices between lithoclasts exhibit affinities to the Scheck-Limestone of Adnet. — 5: sample SBM 6, X6; 6: Sample MS 4, x6.

7—8 Sedimentological features of neptunian dykes. — In image 7, a neptunian fissure is episodically filled by micritic material. During times of non-sedimentation, small cyanophycean crusts (dark seams) growed. In image 8, there are 3 generations of cracking visible — 7: Sample ME 1, Xl2; 8: Sample SBM 8, X5.

Microfacies 4: Echmoderrn-spicula-biomicrite with forams and ostracods (wackestone) (Plate I : 5-6) — The main biota consists of echinodermal remains and spicula (each 15-20%). Besides ostracods, foraminifers also occur; they are represented by Trochammina alpina K R I S -

T A N - T O I J J V I A N N , Ammobaculites sp., Aeolisaccus sp., Ophthal-midium leischneri K R I S T A N — T O L L M A N N , Nodophthalmidium sp., Trocholina turns F R E N T Z E N and nodosariids and lagenids are also common but unidentifiable in thin-section. Of special interest, there are large sponges up to several cm, regarding their fragments. The interspace of the spicula-meshwork is filled by micritic peloidal-packstone. Especially in sample SBB 1 stromatactis-cavities are frequent, that are filled either with blocky calcite or sometimes even with peloidal packstone, the latter one often surrounding also these cavities.

Microfacies 5: EcMnoderm-forarninifera-biomicrite with (wacke- to packstone) (Plate I : 8, Plate I I : 1-8) — This lithofacies is characterized by a high amount of Fe-Mn-crusts, mosdy in mm-scale, but sometimes up to several centimetres thickness. The crusts are sometimes bored, or associated with ammonites or serpulids (Plate I I : 3-4). The "normal-sediment" can often be classified as echinoderm-forarriinifera-biomicrite (wacke- to packstone) with variable amount of echinoderms (10-30%) and forams. The stronger the degree of condensation, the higher the amount of foraminifera (Plate I I : 1—2). Involutinids are dominant.

In these sediments, there are several intercalations of resediments (Plate I I : 5—6). Sometimes, as in sample SBM 8 (Plate I I : 8), multiple fracturing of the sediment can be observed.

Short notes on micropalaeontology

The taxa found in our material are mosdy well-known, so the reader is referred to the work of B Ö H M et al. (1999) and E B L I (1997), where detailed descriptions and synonymy are provided (see also Plate III) .

The predominant involutinids exhibit a high variability7 that is shown as an example for Trocholina umbo.

The finding of Licispirella bicarinata B L A U is specially interesting because this species has been known only from the Hettangian to the Upper Sinemurian ( E B L I 1997),

that indicates presence of the Adnet-Type Limestone also in the Lower Jurassic.

The specimen of Nodophthalmidium sp. figured in plate Plate I I I : 13 exhibits the characteristic spirally wound initial part. Miliolidae gen. et sp. indet., figured on Plate I I I : 16 may be a member of a new genus, that resembles to the genus Nodophthalmidium in its initial part, but has crescent shape chambers in its adult stage instead of pyriform ones.

Bivalves

In his pioneering work on the gastropod and bivalve fauna of the Hierlatz Limestone of the Northern Calcareous Alps S T O L I C Z K A (1861) listed Schafberg as one of the three most important localities. Collecting work carried out in the last years in the area has yielded some 70 bivalve specimens as well. The material, which was mosdy collected according to lithostratigraphic units, has made the recognition of the stratigraphical distribution of bivalves in the Lower Jurassic of Schafberg possible.

Bivalve assemblage of the Sinemurian Hierlatz Limestone of the Schafberg is much less diverse than that of the type locality and consists exclusively of epifaunal taxa. Shallow burrowing heterodonts, forming more than one third of the specimens of the Hirlatzwand-assemblage

( S Z E N T E 1996a) are strikingly lacking. Representatives of Praechlamys are relatively frequent

in the Lower Jurassic of the Schafberg. Three species, all introduced by S T O L I C Z K A (1861), have been found. The abundance of Praechlamys rollei encountered at the Schafberg recalls the composition of some Late Pliensbachian assemblages of the Bakony Mts (Hungary), especially that of the fauna from the fissure-filling of the Margaritatus Zone once exposed in a former manganese-ore mine at Eplény ( S Z E N T E 1996b).

The bivalve taxa identified are listed with indication of the stratigraphie level of occurrence(s). The systematic composition of the fauna is the following (the well-preserved specimens are shown in Plate IV):

Explanation to Plate I I I

1 Globochaete alpina L O M B A R D — Sample SBM 3, x40.

2 Trochammina alpina K R I S T A N - T O L L M A N N — Sample MS 1, xl44. 3 Textularia sp. — Sample SBM 1, x280. 4-5 Involutina hassica ( J O N E S ) — 4: Sample SBM 5, x98; 5: Sample SBM 3, x98. 6 Licispirella bicarinata ( B L A U ) — Sample SBM 10, Xl08. 7 Trocholina turris F R E N T Z E N — Sample SBB 1, x90. 8-12 Trocholina umbo F R E N T Z E N — 8: Sample SBM 10, X90; 9: Sample SBM 5, x75; 10: Sample SBM 3, x90; 11: sample SBM 1, x94; 12:

Sample SBM 5, x64. 13 Nodophthalmidium sp. — Sample MA 1, xl 10. 14 Ophthalmidium leischneri ( K R I S T A N - T O L L M A N N ) — Sample SBM 5, xl63. 15 Ophthalmidium martanum ( F A R I N A C C I ) — Sample SBM 4, xl40. 16 Miliolidae, gen. et sp. indet. — Sample SBM 2, xl30.

Plate I V

Explanation to Plate IV

1 Parallelodontid? bivalvia, gen. et sp. indet. — Xl.9; Pliensbachian red limestone 2—3 Praechlamys palosus ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — 2 = x2.3, 3 = x3.3; Hierlatz Limestone, Sinemurian? 4-7 Praechlamys rollei ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — 4-5 = xl.9, 6 = Xl.7, 7 = x2; "Pliensbachian red limestone" 8-12 Praechlamys subreticulatus ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — 8 = x2.4, 9 = x2,11 = x2.8,12 = x2; from Hierlatz Limestone, Sinemurian; 10 -

Xl.7, from PLensbachian red limestone 13-14 Oxytoma (O.) inaequlvalve (J. S O W E R B Y ) — 13 = x3, from Hierlatz Limestone, Sinemurian; 14 = Xl.5, from Pliensbachian red

limestone 15 Placunopsis ? sp. — X3, Hierlatz Limestone, Sinemurian

Systematic composition of bivalve fauna

Class Bivalvia LlNNÉ, 1758 Order Arcoida STOLICZKA, 1871 Family Parallelodontidae ? DALL, 1898

gen. et sp. indet. Order Pterioida NEWELL, 1965 Family Pectinidae WlLKES, 1810 Genus Praechlamys ALLASINAZ, 1972

Praechlamys palosus (STOLICZKA, 1861) Praechlamys rollei (STOLICZKA, 1861) Praechlamys subreticulatus (STOLICZKA)

Genus Entolium ? MEEK, 1865 Entolium ? sp.

Palaeontological notes

Parallelodontid? bivalvia, gen. et sp. indet. (Plate IV: 1) — Pliensbachian red limestone. Since details of the hinge can A left valve of an arcoid bivalve has been found in the not be studied, it has been assigned to this family tentatively.

Family Oxytomidae ICHIKAWA, 1958 Genus Oxytoma MEEK, 1864 Subgenus Oxytoma MEEK, 1864

Oxytoma (O.) inaequlvalve Q. SOWERBY, 1819) Family Anomiidae ? RAFINESQUE, 1815 Genus Placunopsis ? MORRIS & LYCETT, 1853

Placunopsis ? sp. Family Limidae RAFINESQUE, 1815 Genus Limea BRONN, 1831 Subgenus Pseudolimea ARKELL, 1943

Umea (Pseudolimea) sp.

Praechlamys palosus (STOLICZKA, 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate IV: 2-3) — P. palosus is characterised by a markedly low umbonal angle (< 90°) as well as by the different ornamentation of the left and right valves (see S Z E N T E 1996a, 1998). In the Lower Jurassic of the Northern Calcareous Alps this species seems to be confined to the Sinemurian Hierlatz Limestone

Praechlamys rollei ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate IV: 4-7) — The fauna of the red fissure-filling limestone is predominated by the peculiar species Praechlamys rollei, reported as a frequent form at the Schafberg by S T O L I C Z K A

(1861). It seems to be much probable that the syntypes, whose whereabouts is unknown, were also collected from Pliensbachian that can be thus considered as the stratum typicum of P. rollei. Some poorly preserved valves bearing comarginal rugae and doubtfully assigned to P. rollei have been found in the Hierlatz Limestone as well.

Praechlamys subreticulatus (STOLICZKA, 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate IV: 8—12) — Valves of P. subreticulatus are ornamented by radial plicae, being very variable both in number and strength. It is possible, however, that the "fine phenotype" (Plate IV: 12; see also S Z E N T E 1996b, pl. 1. fig. 5) represents a different species. P. subreticulatus is the most frequent bivalve species

in the Lower Jurassic of the Schafberg, occurring both in the Hierlatz Limestone and the Pliensbachian red limestone.

Entolium ? sp. — Some smooth, circular valves yielded by the Pliensbachian red limestone recall Entolium. Their state of preservation, however, does not allow precise identification.

Oxytoma (Oxytoma) inaequivalve (J. SOWERBY, 1 8 1 9 ) (Plate IV: 13-14) — This widely distributed and variable species is well represented both in the Hierlatz Limestone and the red limestone of the Schafberg.

Placunopsis ? sp. (Plate IV: 15) — "Placunopsis numismalis ( Q U E N S T E D T 1856)" has been quoted from the Hier-latzkalk of the Northern Calcareous Alps by S T O L I C Z K A

(1861) and S Z E N T E (1996a) and was synonymized with P. radiata ( P H I L L I P S , 1829) by S Z E N T E (1998). In the light of the studies of T O D D & P A L M E R (2002), however, affinities of this form should be revised.

Limea (Pseudolimea) sp. — Some incomplete valves, collected from the red limestone, are assigned to Umea (Pseudolimea).

Gastropods

Collection in two lithological types of the studied area yielded also gastropods: the Sinemurian Hierlatz Limestone around the top of Schafberg (railway terminus) and an Upper Pliensbachian, ferro-manganiferous (fissure-filling) limestone. The latter one has been observed in a nearly vertical rocky wall below Schafberg-Spitze, at the WNW side of the Suissensee. Some fallen blocks of similar lithology were found on the west side of the Mittersee, situating in several hundred meters distance SE from the Suissensee along the main structural line.

Gastropods of the typical Hierlatz Limestone were rare and extremely fragmentary therefore hardly identifiable. They consisted of only parts of one or two whorls that indicated belonging to Discohelix, Pleurotomarioidea, Trochidae (Proconulinae) and Ataphridae, respectively. The only well-preserved specimen was found amongst S T O L I C Z K A (1861) originals in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (Discohelix reticulata S T O L I C Z K A , 1861).

The ferro-manganiferous limestone and its fallen blocks in the scree, contained a rather well preserved gastropod faunula. They well accomplish S T O L I C Z K A (1861) original Schafberg collection, major part of which is deposited in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. The original (lectotype) of Eugclus (Eugclus) alpinus S T O L I C Z K A , 1861 and some unpublished, further specimens of unknown collector are kept in the Museum of the Geologische Bundesanstalt, Vienna. The ferro-manganiferous coating and the matrix indicate that the majority of the museum specimens were collected also from the fissure-filling limestones. Most species of the faunal list below occurred in this limestone (except Discohelix reticulata S T O L I C Z K A , 1861 and

Pietteia (Trietteia ?) fischen (STOLICZKA, 1861) The matrix around the originals of Pietteia (Trietteia ?)

fischen (STOLICZKA, 1861) indicates presence of a third fossiliferous lithological type, consisting mainly of micritic components, but it has not yet been exacdy located.

The specimens o f good state o f preservation from the Schafberg gastropod fauna are figured in Plate V.

Palaeoecology — A highly diversified gastropod fauna occurred in the ferro-manganiferous limestone: eleven of the eighteen species are found in single specimens, the remaining ones are represented also by only a few (2-4) shells. The high diversity suggests that they have lived in a stable environment and, because of their relative scarcity, they must have belonged either to the accessorial components o f the community(ies) or/and to predator levels.

Living pleurotomarioideans are carnivorous, soft-bodied sponges seem to be their most common diet. The diverse pleurotomarioidean species of the studied fauna might have also preyed on sponges and other soft bodied sessile and sedentary animals.

Other components o f the fauna are most probably herbivorous or omnivorous.

Some of the extant relatives of the eucyclid species live in deep water (bathyal or abyssal) biotopes on unconsolidated substrate [Eucyclini in HICKMAN & MCLEAN 1990 — Eucyclinae here: Eugclus (E.) alpinus, Eugclus (Lokutigclus) sp.]. Other members of the family live on hard substrate in intertidal or shallow subtidal region [CHlodontini in HICKMAN & MCLEAN 1990 — Chilodontinae here: Wilsoniconcha ? aff. biplicata (M. G E M M E L L A R O , 1911)]. These groups seemed to live under similar conditions also

during the Jurassic (SZABÓ 1995) therefore we shall consider their habit in a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.

Trochoidean species also indicate presence of rocky sea bottom parts in depth interval of the photic zone with high probability7.

Palaeontologists (see: M O R R I S & C L E E V E L Y 1981) attribute sedentary mode of life on soft bottom to the discoidal open coiled or similarly shaped gastropods {Cyclostomaria, Discohelix) with filter-feeding mode of life.

Regarding the suggestions for the substrate, the gastropods of the above fauna must have been mixed from different biotopes. Wilsoniconcha ? (Eucyclidae, Chnodontinae), Anticonulus, Ataphrus and Crossostoma (Trochoidea) are most probably hard bottom dweller and herbivorous. (1) They lived on a submarine elevation together with some of the pleuroto-marioideans. The remaining species inhabited the basin around the elevated area on/in soft sediment that filled the fissure after its opening. (2) The hard and soft bottom parts might have been spotted on the same bathymétrie level.

Pietteia (Trietteia ?) fischeri ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1861) (Aporrha-idae) indicates muddy substrate in its biotope.

Palaeobiogeography — Anodomaria seemed to be a typically Mediterranean gastropod genus with a few species (SZABÓ 1988). However, recendy some other species have been found also in the Jurassic of Kachchh (India, Ethiopian Faunal Province; JATTLY et al. 2000) but in younger strata.

Eaevitomaria has not been found out of the Jurassic Mediterranean Province.

Discohelix orbis is one of the most common species in the latest Sinemurian to Late Pliensbachian gastropod faunas of the Mediterranean Faunal Province. This species is usually associated with Eugclus (E.) alpinus in Adnet/Ammonitico Rosso Limestone facies and foothill accumulated ("stratified") Hierlatz Limestone, they are most reliable "palaeo-biogeographical indices".

Discohelix reticulata S T O L I C Z K A , 1861 has been found only in a few ( 4 ) specimens but its area seems to be rather wide (Hierlatz, Schafberg — North Calcareous Alps, Austria; Úrkút — Bakony Mts, Hungary; South Crimea — Ukraine).

Pietteia (Trietteia ?) fischeri ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1861) is the earliest known aporrhaid species in the Mediterranean Province.

Systematic composition of gastropodfauna

Class Gastropoda C U V I E R , 1897 Subclass Archaeogastropoda T H I E L E , 1925 Order Pleurotomariina COX & KNIGHT, 1960 Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea SWAINSON, 1840 Family Gosseletinidae WENZ, 1938 Genus Cyclostomaria SZABÓ, 1980

Cyclostomaria sp. Family Pleurotomariidae SWAINSON, 1840 Genus Anodomaria SZABÓ, 1980

Atmdomana anodosa SZABÓ, 1980 Genus Pleurotomaria DEFRANCE, 1826

Pleurotomaria aff. anglica). SOWERBY, 1818 Pleurotomaria sp.

Family PPleurotomariidae SWAINSON, 1840 Genus Bathrotomaria COX, 1956

Bathrotomaria intermedia (MÜNSTER, 1844) Genus Laevitomaria CONTI & SZABÓ, 1987

Eaevitomaria coarctata (STOLICZKA, 1861) Order Trochina COX & KNIGHT, 1960 Superfamily Trochoidea RAFINESQUE, 1815 Family Trochidae RAFINESQUE, 1815 Subfamily Proconulinae COX, 1960 Genus Anticonulus COSSMANN, 1918

Anticonulus lautus (STOLICZKA, 1861) Family Ataphridae COSSMANN, 1918 Subfamily Ataphrinae COSSMANN, 1918 Genus Ataphrus GABB, 1869

Ataphrus laeviusculus (STOLICZKA, 1861) Ataphrus latilabrus (STOLICZKA, 1861)

Subfamily Crossostomatinae Cox , 1960 Genus Crossostoma MORRIS & LYCETT, 1851

Crossostoma ? sp. Superfamily Eucycloidea KOKEN, 1896

Family Eucyclidae K O K E N , 1896 Subfamily Eucyclinae K O K E N , 1896 Genus Eugclus). A. E U D E S - D E S L O N G C H A M P S , 1860 Subgenus Eugclus). A. E U D E S - D E S L O N G C H A M P S , 1860

Eugclus (Eugclus) alpinus S T O L I C Z K A , 1861 Eugclus (Eugclus) sp.

Subgenus Urkutigclus S Z A B Ó , 1995 Eugclus (Urkutigclus) orion ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1861)

Subfamily Chilodontinae W E N Z , 1938 Genus ^Wilsoniconcha W E N Z , 1939

Wilsoniconcha ? aff. hiplicata ( M . G E M M E L L A R O , 1911) Superfamily Cirroidea C O S S M A N N , 1916 Family Cirridae C O S S M A N N , 1916 Genus Cirrus J . SOWERBY, 1815

Citrus boemesi ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1861) Cirrus sp.

Superfamily PCirroidea C O S S M A N N , 1916 Family Discohelicidae SCHRÖDER, 1995 Genus Discohelix D U N K E R , 1848

Discohelix orbis (REUSS, 1852) Discohelix reticulata S T O L I C Z K A , 1861

Subclass Caenogastropoda C O X , 1959 Order Uncertain Superfamily Loxonematoidea K O K E N , 1889 Family Zygopleuridae W E N Z , 1938 Genus Anoptychia K O K E N , 1892

Anoptychia crenata ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1861) Superfamily Stromboidea S W A I N S O N , 1840 Family Aporrhaidae A D A M S , 1858 Genus Pietteia C O S S M A N N , 1904 Subgenus Trietteia C O N T I & S Z A B Ó , 1987

Pietteia (Trietteia }) fischeri ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1861)

Abbreviations, indicating depositories in the brief description of the gastropod species: HGI = Hungarian Geological Institute (Budapest); GBA = Geologische Bundesanstalt (Vienna); N M = Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna); MTM = Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest)

Early Jurassic fauna and facies of the Schafberg area


Cyclostomaria sp. — This species has depressed, extreme widely phaneromphalous shells, tending to planispiral, with circular whorl cross-section. Whorls are slighdy attached to each other therefore both the spiral and umbilical sutures are canaliculate. Selenizone runs on the highest adapical line of the whorls. Ornament consists of spiral threads and cords, cancellated by collabral threads. The latter ones became weaker on the last whorl

The available Cyclostomaria specimen (MTM) seems identical with the type species needing a nomenclatorical revision (SZABÓ 1980, SZABÓ in prep).

Occurrences: Eplény (Bakony Mts, Hungary); Schafberg (Salzkammergut, Austria).

Anodomaria anodosa SZABÓ, 1 9 8 0 (Plate V: 1) — Anodomaria anodosa has gradate shell form with distinct spiral angulations, one slightly above the midwhorl, and another at the periphery. A rather wide selenizone runs in the middle of the outer face of die whorls. The base is convex and moderately phaneromphalous. A network of threads covers the whorls and there is a single spiral cord on both angulations, respectively.

The Schafberg specimen (GBA) corresponds to the juvenile part of the type specimen, found in the Eplény (Bakony Mts, Hungary, HGI) fis sure-filling ferro-manganiferous limestone. Schafberg is the second known locality of the species. The species itself seems extremely rare; two+?one specimens has been found in the two localities.

Pleurotomaria aff. anglica ( J . SOWERBY, 1 8 1 8 ) (Plate V: 2-3) — A single specimen (NM) belongs to this species of moderately high, gradate shell. It has a single row of periodically repeated, slighdy opisthocline ridges between the suture and the abaxial edge of the ramp. The outer face of the whorls is wide and slightly convex; the selenizone runs on the adapical half of this surface. Base is feebly convex and narrowly phaneromphalous. No peristome part is observable.

Unequally sized, irregularly undulating, dense spiral cords cover the whorls. Juvenile shell part has reticulate ornament of equally strong threads but the collabral ones fade away on the subsequent whorls, only the growth-lines cross the spiral cords.

The single row of ridges on the ramp is a rather characteristic morphological element but the specific identification needs further studies. The shape resembles to that of P. anglica but the latter species has also another row of collabrally elongate nodes along the periphery.

The specimens are similar to but surely not identical with "Trochotoma striata STOLICZKA, 1861". This latter species has no ridges below the suture.

Bathrotomaria intermedia (MÜNSTER, 1844) bears also single row of ridges on the ramp, but its spiral cords are weaker, denser and equally sized. The position of the selenizone, just on the angulation of the whorls, distinguishes it from P. aff. anglica, having selenizone on the outer face.

Bathrotomaria intermedia (MÜNSTER, 1 8 4 4 ) — The species is represented by a single specimen (MTM) with rather large, gradate shell of medium high spire. The angulation of the whorls is a stinct and emphasised by a keel-shape selenizone. Angular periphery delimits slighdy convex and phaneromphalous base. Peristome is not preserved.

Most prominent ornamental elements are regularly-repeated, collabrally elongate ridges on the suturai half of the ramp. Dense, evenly sized and spaced spiral cords (not undulating) cover whorls and base.

The position of the selenizone clearly distinguishes B. intermedia from P. aff. anglica (see above), the comparable other pleurotomarioidean species in the fauna.

Laevitomaria coarctata ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate V: 4—7) — Thin walled shells are conical with low, moderately convex (subangulate) whorls, separated by canaliculate suture. Base is flattened and narrowly phaneromphalous. Selenizone runs between two striae at the top of the convexity on the whorls.

Delicate growth-lines, some obscure spiral lines and striae are the ornament between the selenizone and the upper suture. A network of weak spiral and collabral lines is visible on the outer face of the whorls. The base is not ornamented.

Two specimens from STOLICZKA (1861) collection (NM) on which the species was established.

Anticonulus lautus ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate V: 8-10) — A small, fragmentary, conical shell is available that consists of numerous (10—12) low whorls of flat outer surface. They are feebly swollen along the upper suture and bear a distinct spiral thread on the lower edge. Suture is a marked incision; the peripher)7 is angular. Base is feebly convex and broadly phaneromphalous. Obscure spiral lines are visible both on the whorls and the base beside distinct growth-lines.

The figured specimen belongs to STOLICZKA (1861) original collection (NM).

Ataphrus ? laeviusculus ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate V: 11—13) — A single specimen represents this species with a shape resembling not only the ataphrid genera but also a Proconulus because the whorls are relatively low and their number is unusually high. The peristome characters are not visible therefore the generic name is uncertain.

This is STOLICZKA (1861) original specimen (NM) to designation of'Trochus laeviusculus".

Ataphrus iatilabrus ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 ) ? — Three fragmentary specimens (MTM) are identifiable mainly on the measurements. Shells are mrbinform without any trace of ornament. The visible shell portions with peristome (outer lip) parts do not show presence of an enlarged outer lip that would be indicative to a Crossostoma species, discussed below. However, the preservation is unsatisfactory to decide i f the specimens were not juvenile shells of Crossostoma sp. (below).

Crossostoma sp. (Plate V: 14) — A single, unpublished specimen is found in S T O L I C Z K A (1861) original collection (NM). The shell morphology is rather simple; most conspicuous element is a widely enlarged, trumpet-shaped outer lip. Its morphology is different from that of the known species. However, further studies are necessary to decide whether the specimen represents a new species or not.

Without the peristomal modification, the shell could be identified with Ataphrus latilabrus ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1861) because the morphology and the measurements are so similar.

Eucyclus (Eucyclus) alpinus S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 (Plate V: 15) — Rather large, high turbiniform shells (GBA, 1 original, and MTM, 3) with convex whorls belong to the species. Suture is deeply canaliculate. The peripher)7 of the whorls can be found well above the suture. Base is convex and anomphalous.

Four, nearly equally spaced, nodosed carinae run between the upper suture and the periphery of whorls. A further but unnodosed carina is exposed above the lower suture. The suture itself runs just on a strong spiral cord. Spiral cords, that are much denser than the carinae of the whorls, cover the base.

Eucyclus (Eucyclus) sp. — A single specimen from S T O L I C Z K A (1861) collection (NM) that has smaller but more turriculate shells than E. (E.) alpinus, and the number and arrangement of the spiral ornamental elements are also different. The shell outline is also unlike because it is slightly coeloconical. In this latter character, the specimen resembles E. (E.) harnahasi S Z A B Ó , 1995 but the whorl cross-section and the spiral ornament indicates belonging to another species, which seems new.

Eucyclus (Lokuticyclus) sp. (Plate V: 16-18) — The specimen is low turbiniform, and extremely thin-shelled like the other members of the subgenus. Wmorls are convex, rapidly expanding, and canaliculate suture separates them. Base is convex and moderately phaneromphalous; the margin of the umbilicus is rounded-angular. Peristome does

not show outer modification, internally it is not observable, but trace of inner thickening is visible on the inner mould of the last whorl. The ornament consists of sparse, spiral threads on the whorls and dense, weaker threads on the base. Delicate, collabral threads cross them.

The specimen is different from the known members of subgenus Lokuticyclus.

S T O L I C Z K A (1861) misidentified the only specimen (NM) as "Turbo orion D ' O R B I G N Y , 1853". However, COSS

M A N N (1916) and F I S C H E R & W E B E R (1997) revised D ' O R B I G N Y ' S species and they regarded it Metriomphalus (Nododelphinulidae), having marked, spiny ornament.

Wilsoniconcha ? aff. bipHcata ( M . G E M M E L L A R O , 1 9 1 1 ) (Plate V: 19-20) — A single unpublished specimen (GBA) of pupiform shape and retiform ornament represents this species in the fauna. The network consists of spiral cords and collabral threads with granulae at the crossing points. Peristome is ovate, a narrow (? false) umbilicus is visible at the lower part of the inner lip. Presence of columellar folds cannot be checked owing to the state of preservation.

The specimen seems to belong to the same species that has been found in the Bakony Mts (Hungary, S Z A B Ó 1995) in a stratigraphical level with mixed Late Sinemurian and Early Pliensbachian faunal elements. Both specimens show significant differences from G E M M E L L A R O ' S species description. A comparison between specimens will be necessary7 to decide about the question of identitity.

Cirrus hoernesi ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate V: 21-23) — High-turbiniform, hyperstrophically left-handed shells (2, NM) of apparendy truncated apex belong to this species. Four latest whorls are visible that are convex, bicarinate at periphery and a rather deep suture separates them. Strong, sparse costae and marked growth lines give the collabral ornament. Base is slighdy convex, anomphalous and evenly arched, opisthocyrt growth-lines mean the only ornament. The peristome is circular, its inner lip is wide and outward tapering.

Explanation to Plate V

1 Anodomaria anodosa S Z A B Ó — x4, juvenile shell, fissure-filling. 2-3 Pleurotomaria aff. anglica (J. S O W E R B Y ) — xl .3, fissure-filling. 4—6 Laevitomaria coarctata ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — x l , fissure-filling.

7 Laevitomaria coarctata ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — x3, details of ornament, another specimen, fissure-filling.

8-10 Anticonulus lautus ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — X l , fissure-filling.

11-13 Ataphrus ?laeviusculus ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — X l , fissure-filling. 14 Crossostoma sp. — xl.8, fissure-filling. (NH) 15 Eucyclus (Eucyclus) alpinus S T O L I C Z K A — x3, fissure-filling. ( G B A ) 16-18 Eucyclus (Lokuticyclus) sp. — X l , = "Turbo orion D'ORBIGNY" in STOLICZKA (1861); fissure-filling. 19-20 Wilsoniconcha ? aff. biplicata (M. G E M M E L L A R O ) — x l , fissure-filling. 21-23 Cirrus hoernesi ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — x l , fissure-filling.

24 Cirrus sp. — x l , fissure-filling. (NH) 25 Discohelix reticulata S T O L I C Z K A — x2.5, Hierlatz Limestone 26—27 Anoptychia crenata ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — x l (26); details of ornament, same specimen X3 (27), fissure-filling. 28-29 Pietteia (Trietteia}) fischeri ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — x l , fissure-filling? 30 Pietteia (Trietteia ?) tlscheri ( S T O L I C Z K A ) — x2, specimen with row of densest nodes, fissure-filling?

I n STOLICZKA (1861) original material three specimens have been found under the name "Turbo Hoernesi'. However, they seem to belong to two different species. Two specimens have shells without basal ornament but a last whorl fragment has strong spiral carinae and the shape of the growth-lines is also different (see also below, and Plate V: 22 and 24).

Cirrus sp. (Plate V: 24) — A single last whorls fragment of a Cirrus specimen (NM), which has a different sculpture than the above species. On this fragment, the costae of the whorls continue to the foot of the columella. There are also four carinae on the base, which are lacking from Cirrus hoernesi (STOLICZKA, 1861), and the growth-lines are sigmoidal. These differences suggest the probability o f belonging to another species.

In STOLICZKA's paper (1861. p. 176, Taf. I I , Fig. 14.), "Turbo Hoernesi" was created from characters of two specimens, belonging to probably two different species.

Discohelix orbis ( R E U S S , 1 8 5 2 ) — A single (MTM) but characteristic, small fragment of a large (adult) whorl has been found. Strong, rib-like growth-wrinkles cover all visible outer surface of the fragment. Outer angulations are irregularly corrugated.

Single specimen has been found in STOLICZKA's (NH) collection. The matrix indicates its occurrence in the Hierlatz Limestone (Sinemurian) not in the Late Pliensbachian fissure-filling limestone.

Anoptychia crenata ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 ) (Plate V: 26-27) — Single specimen with manganese-oxide coating is available in S T O L I C Z K A ' s (NH) collection. It is a rather well preserved, feebly cyrtoconical shell without earliest whorls and peristome. The shell represents a medium sized, rather high spired species of Anoptychia. Whorls are evenly convex with a suture in moderately deep canal. Base is anomphalous and meets the last whorl surface in a rounded angle. Earliest juvenile whorls bear periodically repeating, dense, suture-to-suture, prosocline riblets that become feebly parasigmoidal on subsequent whorls then gradually vanish (first from the subsutural region). Five ribbed post-protoconch whorls are visible; three spiral threads appear on the second one. There are granulae at crossing points of the riblets and the threads. With weakening of the riblets, additional spiral threads develop below the periphery7 of whorls and fine lines appear on the "ramp". Threads cover also the base.

Discohehx reticulata S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 (Plate V: 25) — Shells of this small and extremely rare Discohelix species are strongly flattened, their shape resembles to coins. The width of the whorl cross-section is almost double of their height. Marked keel runs on both outer angulations of the whorls. The last and the penultimate whorls are covered by periodically repeating riblets, starting from nodulae of the keels and gradually weaken towards the upper (inner) suture. Corrugation appeared much earlier than riblets, which developed gradually from the nodulae of the keels. The riblets reach the upper (adaxial) suture only from the second half of the penultimate whorl.

Brachiopods

Pietteia (Trietteia ?) fischeri ( S T O L I C Z K A , 1 8 6 1 )

(Plate V: 28—30) — Four fragmentary specimens of a medium sized aporrhaid species with turriculate spire of cyrtoconical outline are available. Their apex is not preserved but peristome fragments on two specimens are indicative of a species, having three digits. Whorls are slighdy convex and bear a median carina with parabolic nodes. The number of these nodes seems rather variable: 10—12 on the penultimate whorl of a specimen and 18-20 on another shell. The nodes are lacking from the last whorl.

The specimens belong to STOLICZKA's (NH) collection, their preservation and infilling indicate embedding in a limestone, strongly different from that of the other gastropod specimens, studied here.

Systematic composition of brachiopod fauna (Normal letters indicate Sinemurian species, bold letters show Pliensbachian, and asterisk marks Sinemurian to Pliensbachian species.)

Phylum Brachiopoda DUMÉRIL, 1806 Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea WILLIAMS et al., 1996 Class Rhynchonellata WILLIAMS et al, 1996 Order Rhynchonellida KUHN, 1949 Superfamily Pugnacoidea RZHONSNITSKAIA, 1956 Family Basiliolidae COOPER, 1959 Subfamily Basiliolinae COOPER, 1959 Genus Apringia D E GREGORIO, 1886

Apringia paolii (CANAVARI, 1880) Apringia cf. altesinuata (BÖSE, 1898) Apringia cf. diptycha (BÖSE, 1898) Apringia sp. Apringia ? sp.

Superfamily Rhynchotetradoidea LlCHAREW, 1956 Family Prionorhynchiidae MANCENIDO & OWEN, 2002

Genus Prionorhynchia BUCKMAN, 1918 Prionorhynchiaflabellum (MENEGHINI in GEMMELLARO, 1874)

Prionorhynchiagreppini (OPPEL, 1861)

Prionorhynchia guemheli (OPPEL, 1861)

*Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE, 1898) Prionorhynchia ? aff. hagaviensis (BÖSE, 1898) Prionorhynchiapolyptycha (OPPEL, 1861)

Prionorhynchia pseudoscherina (BÖSE, 1898) Prionorhynchia sp.

Superfamily Wellerelloidea LlCHAREW, 1956 Family Wellerellidae LlCHAREW, 1956 Subfamily Cirpinae AGER, 1965 Genus Cirpa D E GREGORIO, 1930

*Cirpa briseis (GEMMELLARO, 1874) Cirpa ? latifrons (STUR in GEYER, 1889) Cirpa planifrons (ORMÓS, 1937) Cirpa suhcostellata (GEMMELLARO, 1878) Cirpa ? sp.

Genus Calcirhynchia BUCKMAN, 1918

Calcirhynchiafasácostata (UlILIG, 1879) Calcirhynchiaplicatissima (QUENSTEDT, 1852) Calcirhynchia sp.

Genus Salgirella MOISEEV, 1936

Salgirella cf. albertii (OPPEL, 1861) Salgirella ? cf. magnicostata (ORMÓS, 1937)

Superfamily Rhynchonelloidea D'ORBIGNY, 1847 Family Rhynchonellidae D'ORBIGNY, 1847 Subfamily Rhynchonellinae D'ORBIGNY, 1847 Genus Homoeorhynchia BUCKMAN, 1918

Homoeorhynchia ? prona (OPPEL, 1861) Subfamily Piarorhynchiinae SHI & GRANT, 1993 Genus Piarorbynchia BUCKMAN, 1918

Piarorbynchia ? caroli (GEMMELLARO, 1878) Genus Cuneirhynchia BUCKMAN, 1918

Cuneirhynchia cartieri (OPPEL, 1861) Cuneirhynchia dalmasi (DUMORTIER, 1869) * Cuneirhynchia aff. dalmasi ( D U M O R T I E R , 1869) Cuneirhynchiafraasi (OPPEL, 1861) Cuneirhynchia retusijrons (OPPEL, 1861) Cuneirhynchia palmata (OPPEL, 1861) Cuneirhynchia sp.

Superfamily Hemithiridoidea RZHONSNITSKAIA, 1956 Family Tetrarhynchiidae AGER, 1965 Subfamily Gibbirhynchimae MANCENIDO & Owen, 2002 Genus Gibhirhynchia BUCKMAN, 1918

Gibhirhynchia curviceps (QUENSTEDT, 1852) Gibhirhynchia sp.

Order Athyridida BOUCOT, JOHNSON & STATON, 1964 Suborder Koninckinidina DA\TDSON, 1853 Superfamily Koninckinoidea DAVIDSON, 1853 Family Koninckinidae DAVIDSON, 1853 Genus Koninckodonta BlTTNER, 1894

Koninckodonta cf. waehneri (BlTTNER, 1894) Koninckodonta sp.

Order Spiriferinida IVANOVA, 1972 Superfamily Spiriferinoidea DAVIDSON, 1884 Family Spiriferinidae DAVIDSON, 1884 Subfamily Spiriferininae DAVIDSON, 1884 Genus Liospiriferina ROUSSELLE, 1977

Liospiriferina aequiglobata (UHLIG, 1879) *Liospiriferina alpina ( O P P E L , 1861) Liospiriferina angulata (OPPEL, 1861) Liospinferina aradasi (GEMMELLARO, 1878) Liospiriferina brevirostris (OPPEL, 1861) Liospiriferina cordiformis (BÖSE, 1898) Liospiriferina darwini (GEMMELLARO, 1878) Liospiriferinagryphoidea (UHLIG, 1879) Liospinferina meneghiniana (CANAVARI, 1880) Liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL, 1861) Liospiriferina pichleri (NEUMAYR, 1879) Liospiriferina rostrata (SCHLOTHEIM, 1822) *Liospiriferina sicula ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1874) Liospiriferina sngnoi ( D l STEFANO, 1891) Liospiriferina globosa (BÖSE, 1898)

Liospiriferina semicircularis ( B Ö S E , 1898) Liospiriferina sp.

Order Terebratulida WAAGEN, 1883 Suborder Terebratulidina WAAGEN, 1883 Superfamily Terebratuloidea GRAY, 1840 Family Orthotomidae MUIR-WOOD, 1936 Genus Orthotoma QUENSTEDT, 1869

Ortbotoma apenninica (CANAVARI, 1883) Orthotoma sp. Orthotoma ? sp.

Family Tchegemithyrididae TCHORSZHEVSKY, 1972 Subfamily Lobothyridinae MAKRIDIN, 1964 Genus Lobothyris BUCKMAN, 1918

Lobothyris andleri (OPPEL, 1861) Lobothyris delta (NEUMAYR, 1879) Lobothyris punctata (SOWERBY, 1812) *Lobothyris ? sp.

Genus Rhapidothyris TULUVX EIT, 1965 Rhapidothyris ? cf. ovimontana ( B Ö S E , 1898) Rhapidothyris ? sp.

Family Gibbithyrididae MUIR-WOOD, 1965 Subfamily Gibbithyridinae MuiR-WoOD, 1965 Genus Viallithyris VÖRÖS, 1978

*ViaUithyris gozzanensis (PARONA, 1880) Family Pygopidae MUIR-WOOD, 1965 Genus Linguithyris BUCKMAN, 1918

*Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL, 1869) Genus Securithyris VÖRÖS, 1983

Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS, 1855) Suborder Terebratellidina MUIR-WOOD, 1955 Superfamily Zeillerioidea ALLAN, 1940 family Zeilleriidae Al i. \ \ , 1940 Genus Zeilleria BAYLF., 1878

Zeilleria alpina (GEYER, 1889) Zeilleria baldaccii GEMMELLARO, 1874 Zeilleria batilla (GEYER, 1889) *Zeilleria bicolor (BÖSE, 1898) Zeilleria choffati (HAAS, 1885) *ZeiIleria mutabilis ( O P P E L , 1861) Zeilleria oenana (BÖSE, 1898) Zeilleria perforata (PlETTE, 1856) Zeilleria venusta (UHLIG, 1879) Zeilleria sp. Zeilleria ? sp.

Genus Securina YÖRÖS, 1983 Securina partscbi (OPPEL, 1861) Securina aff. securiformis (GEMMELLARO, 1874)

Genus Bakonyithyris VÖRÖS, 1983 Bakonyithyris eivaldi (OPPEL, 1861) Bakonyithyris ovimontana (BÖSE, 1898) Bakonyithyris sp.

Sinemurian brachiopods

The Hierlatz limestones are widespread on the slopes of Schafberg and the western part of the mountain group. These biodetrital, crinoidal-brachiopodal limestones were found at several points on the southwestern slopes and around the top of Schafberg and some other outcrops were also visited at Schwarzensee and Mondsee during our field trips in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The Hierlatz limestones show poorly-defined beds dipping roughly concordant with the slope. The fifteen localities of the 2-300 m thick Hierlatz limestones yielded very diverse brachiopod fauna: the 815 identified specimens belong to 63 taxa (55 identified at species level; 23 rhynchonellids, 14 spiriferinids and 18 terebratulids). In the absence of transverse serial sections the inner morphological characters

of the brachiopods are unknown, therefore the following faunal lists are only preliminary results based on the outer morphological characters. The most frequent genus is Zeilleria (282 specimens, 10 taxa), while the most diverse is Liospiriferina (250 specimens, 15 taxa) in the studied material. In addition to these genera, Prionorhynchia, Cirpa, Calcirhynchia, Cuneirhynchia and Lobothyris belong to the significant brachiopods, while Salgirella, Homoeorhynchia, Piarorbynchia, Gibbirlynchia, Orthotoma, Viallithyris, Linguithyris, Securina and Bakonyithyris are represented by only a few specimens. Some badly preserved ammonoids were found in the Hierlatz limestones of the Schafberg area, which refer to the Sinemurian Semicostatum Zone (J. PÁLFY, pers. comm.).

VÖRÖS, A . , SZABÓ, J., D U L A I , A . , SZENTÉ, L , EBLI , O . & LOBITZER, H .

Localities and their brachiopodfaunas (with spedmen numbers)

la. Schafberg, railway station (upper terminus) — One hundred and twenty brachiopod specimens were found at this locality (71 of them are unidentifiable fragments). The remaining 49 specimens represent 17 species, spiriferinids and zeilleriids are the most common elements of the fauna but rhynchonellids are also diverse.

Prionorhynchia cf. greppini (OPPEL) Cirpa cf. subcostellata (GEMMELLARO) Calcirhynchiaplicatissima (QUENSTEDT) Calcirhynchia sp. Piarorbynchia caroli (GEMMELLARO) Gibhirhynchia ? sp. IJospiriferina cf. alpina (OPPEL) Liospiriferina cf. angulata (OPPEL) IJospiriferina darwini (GEMMELLARO) IJospiriferina cf. obtusa (OPPEL) IJospiriferina sp. Orthotoma apenninica (CANAVARI) Zeilleria alpina (GEYER) Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL) Zeilleria oenana (BÖSE) Zeilleria sp. Securina partschi (OPPEL)

lb . Schafberg, Himmelspforthütte — From 10 specimens 6 were unidentifiable fragments and the other 4 belong to 3 brachiopod species. Rhynchonellids and spiriferinids occur at this collecting point, terebratulids are missing from the small faunula. One ammonoid specimen was also found at this locality.

Prionorhynchia cf. guembeli (OPPEL) Cirpa cf. planifrons (ORMÓS) Liospiriferina cf. alpina (OPPEL)

2a. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, 1550 m — From 28 brachiopod specimens 20 ones were identifiable and they belong to 12 species. Rhynchonellids are mainly coarse-ribbed prionorhynchiids. Long-looped terebratulids are more frequent than short-looped ones. The accompanying fauna contains also two bivalves and a gastropod specimen (Discohelix), as well as two badly preserved ammonoids (Adnethiceras ? sp., Arnioceras ? sp.; the uncertain age is Semicostatum Zone, J. PÁLFY, pers. com.).

Prionorhynchia ci. greppini (OPPEL) Prionorhynchia cf. guembeli (ÜPPEL) Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE) Calcirhynchiafascicostata (UHLIG) Cuneirhynchia aff. dalmasi (DUMORTIER) IJospiriferina alpina (OPPEL) IJospiriferina aradasi (GEMMELLARO) Liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL) Lobothyris punctata (SOWERBY) Zeilleria alpina (GEYER) Zeilleria perforata (PlETTE) Bakonyithyris ewaldi (OPPEL)

2b. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, 1575 m, (beneath a small wooden house) — Five hundred and fifty two specimens were collected at this locality. The 220 identifiable specimens represent 29 brachiopod species. Terebra

tulids are predominant elements of the fauna. Short-looped forms are relatively common, in comparison with the other collecting points. Zeilleria and IJospiriferina are the most frequent brachiopods at this collecting point (especially Zeilleria alpina, Z. mutabilis and IJospiriferina alpina).

Prionorhynchia cî.flabellum (MENEGHINI in GEMMELLARO) 1 Prionorhynchia greppini (OPPEL) Prionorhynchia polyptycha (OPPEL) 7 Prionorhynchia pseudoscherina (BÖSE) 8 Calcirhynchia fascicostata (UHLIG) 2 Calcirhynchia ci. plicatissima (QUENSTEDT) Cuneirhynchia cartieri (OPPEL) 2 Gibhirhynchia sp. 1 IJospiriferina alpina (OPPEL) 20 IJospiriferina angulata (OPPEL) 1 Liospiriferina aradasi (GEMMELLARO) 4 IJospiriferina brevirostris (OPPEL) 1 Liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL) 5 Liospiriferina rostrata (SCHLOTHEIM) 3 IJospiriferina sp. 14 Lobothyris cf. andleri (OPPEL) 10 Lobothyris cf. punctata (SOWERBY) 4 Lobothyris sp. 8 Viallithyrisgoânensis (PARONA) 8 Zeilleria alpina (GEYER) 37 Zeilleria baldaccii GEMMELLARO 11 Zeilleria barilla (GEYER) 7 Zeilleria bicolor (BÖSE) 2 Zeilleria cboffati (HAAS) 11 Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL) 27 Zeilleria oenana (BÖSE) 2 Zeilleria venusta (UHLIG) 4 Securina cf. partschi (OPPEL) 5 Bakonyithyris cf. ewaldi (OPPEL) 2

2c. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, 1620 m — Sixty-eight brachiopods were found here. The identifiable 39 specimens represented 15 species. Spiriferinids, zeilleriids and prionorhynchiids are common at this collecting point, while short-looped terebratulids are missing.

Prionorhynchia cf. pseudoscherina (BÖSE) Prionorhynchia sp. Salgirella ? magnicostata (ORMÓS) Piarorbynchia caroli (GEMMELLARO) liospiriferina alpina (OPPEL) IJospiriferina aradasi (GEMMELLARO) Liospiriferina cf. darwini (GEMMELLARO) Liospiriferina cf. obtusa (OPPEL) Liospiriferina sp. Zeilleria cf. barilla (GEYER) Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL) Zeilleria oenana (BÖSE) Zeilleria cf. venusta (UHLIG) Zeilleria sp. Securina cf. partschi (OPPEL)

3a. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, 1500 m — Fifty-six brachiopod specimens were collected (30 of them are unidentifiable rhynchonellids and terebratulids). The 26 identified specimens belong to 12 species. Most of these are present in low specimen numbers (1-2) but two are more frequent: Liospiriferina sp. and Zeilleria alpina. Two bivalves and a regular echinoid were also found at this collecting point.

Prionorhynchia cf. greppini (OPPEL) 1

Prionorhynchia guembeli (OPPF.L) 2

Prionorhynchia sp. 2

Cirpa subcosiellata (GEMMELLARO) 1

Salgirella ? cf. magnicostata (ÜRMÓS) 2

Liospiriferina alpina (ÜPPEL) 2

IJospiriferina cf. darwini (GEMMELLARO) 1

IJospiriferina sp. 7

Zeilleria alpina (GEYER) 5

Zeilleria bicolor (BÖSE) 1

Zeilleria sp. 1

Securina aff. securiformis (GEMMELLARO) 1

3b. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, 1535 m — Thirty specimens were found at this locality (16 unidentifiable fragments) and the remaining ones represent 9 species. With the exception of Liospiriferina alpina, all of these species are rare. The brachiopod fauna is dominated here by spiriferinids.

Prionorhynchia cf. polyptycha (OPPEL) 1

Cirpa ? latifrons (STUR in GEYER) 1

Cirpa cf. subcosiellata (GEMMELLARC )) 1

Liospiriferina alpina (OPPEL) 6

IJospiriferina angulata (OPPEL) 1

IJospiriferina brevirostris (OPPEL) 1

Liospiriferina cf. sicula (GEMMELLARO) 1


Zeilleria choffati (HAAS) 1

3c. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, 300 m from Schaf-bergalpe — From 95 brachiopod specimens 50 were unidentifiable fragments. The remaining ones belong to 15 species. Zeilleriids are the most frequent brachiopods at this collecting point. The three orders are represented by 1—1 dominant genus (Prionorlynchia, Liospiriferina, Zeilhia). The accompanying fauna contains 4 ammonoid and 6 bivalve specimens.

Prionorhynchia greppini (OPPEL) 4

Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE) 2

Prionorhynchia pseudoscherina (BÖSE) 1

Calcirhynchia sp. 1

IJospiriferina alpina (OPPEL) 4

Liospiriferina cordiformis (BÖSE) 2

Liospiriferina cf. obtusa (OPPEL) 1



Zeilleria baldaccii G EMMELLA RO 1

Zeilleria barilla (GEYER) 2



Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL) 7

Zeilleria sp. 6

Bakonyithyris cf. ewaldi (OPPF.L) 1

3d. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, scree along the railway — Fourteen brachiopod specimens were found at this locality, 7 of them were identifiable that represent 5 species.

Cuneirhynchia sp. 1


Liospiriferina cf. obtusa (OPPEL) 1

Lûbothyris cf. andleri (OPPEL) 2

Securina cf. partschi (ÜPPEL) 1

4a. Schafberg, southwestern slopes, at the crossing of railway and tourist path — One hundred and sixty nine brachiopod specimens were collected (83 unidentifiable fragments). The other 86 specimens represent 28 brachiopod species. Rhynchonellids are very diverse in comparison with the other localities (14 species of Prionorhynchia, Cirpa, Salgirella, Homoeorhynchia and Cuneirhynchia). Spiriferinids are less diverse but frequent. Terebratulids are represented by both short- and long-looped forms. One ammonoid and one bivalve specimens were also collected at this point.

Prionorhynchiaflabellum (TvlENEGHINI in GEMMELLARO) 3


Prionorhynchiapolyptycha (OPPEL) 2

Prionorhynchia sp. 4

Cirpa ? latifrons (STUR in GEYER) 5


Salgirella cf. albertii (OPPEL) 2

Salgirella ? magnicostata (ORMÓS) 1

Homoeorhynchia ? cf. prona (OPPEL) 1

Cuneirhynchia cartieri (OPPEL) 5

Cuneirhynchia jraasi (OPPEL) 1

Cuneirhynchia palmata (OPPEL) 1

Cuneirhynchia retusifrons (OPPEL) 1

Cuneirhynchia sp. 2


Liospiriferina cf. angulata (OPPEL) 4

Liospiriferina aradasi ( G EMMFXLARC )) 2

Liospiriferina danvini (GEMMELLARC )) 6

IJospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL) 4

Liospiriferina sicula (GEMMELLARO) 5

Liospiriferina sp. 1

Lobothyris andleri (OPPEL) 3

Lobothyris delta (NEL'MAYR) 1

Lobothyris punctata (SOWERBY) 2

Zeilleria alpina (GF:YER)



4b, Schafberg, tunnel — Twenty-one specimens were collected at this locality. Nine of them are identifiable, they belong to 7 brachiopod species (all of them are rare).

Calcirhynchia fascicostata (U H LI G) 1

Salgirella cf. magnicostata (ORMÓS) 1

IJospiriferina cf. alpina (OPPEL) 1

Liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL) 1


Zeilleria cf. mutabilis (OPPEL) 2

Zeilleria sp. 1

4c. Schafberg, water pump — Nine brachiopod specimens were found. The identifiable 5 ones represent 4 species. Three ammonoid fragments were also found at this collecting point.

Gibhirhynchia ? sp. 1

Liospiriferina cf. alpina (OPPEL) 1

Lobothyris cf. andleri (OPPEL) 1

Zeilleria cf. perforata (PlETTE) 2

Zeilleria venusta (Ul-ILIG) 3

Zeilleria sp. 6

Securina cf. partschi (OPPEL) 3

Securina aff. securiformis (GEMMELLARO) 1

68 VÖRÖS, A . , SZABÓ, J., D U L A I , A . ,

5 . Mondsee (northern slope of Eibenberg) — This locality yielded a very rich brachiopod fauna: 606 specimens were collected, from which 389 ones are unidentifiable fragments. The identified (217) specimens represent 36 species. Rhynchonellids are very diverse but spiriferinids and zeilleriids are the most common. Linguithyris is also frequent at this locality but it is missing from all the other collecting points. The accompanying fauna contains 5 badly preserved gastropods, 20 bivalves and about a dozen fragments of Echinodermata remains. The badly preserved ammonoids uncertainly refer to the Semicos-tatum Zone (Arnioceras sp. (1); Phyiloceras sp. (5); J. PÁLFY, pers.com.).

Prionorhynchiaflabellum (MENEGHINT in GEMMELLARO) 1


Prionorhynchia guembeli (OPPEL) 8

Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE) 1

Prionorhynchia cf. polyptycha (OPPEL) 3

Cirpa briseis (GEMMELLARO) 4

Cirpa planijrons (ORMÓS) 1


Calcirhynchia fascicostata (UHLIG) 5

Calcirhynchia plicatissima (QUENSTEDT) 2

Salgirella ? magnicostata (ÜRMÖS) 2

Piarorbynchia caroli (GEMMELLARO) 5


Cuneirhynchia dalmasi (DUMORTIER) 1

IJospiriferina aequiglobata juv. (LÏHLIG) 1

IJospiriferina alpina (OPPEL) 53

IJospiriferina brevirostris (OPPEL) 3

Liospinferina cordiformis (BÖSE) 1

IJospiriferina darwini (GEMMELLARO) 6

Liospiriferinagryphoidea (UHLIG) 17

IJospiriferina meneghiniana juv. (CANAVARI) 1


IJospiriferinapichleri juv. (NEUMAYR) 1

IJospiriferina sicula (GEMMELLARO) 1

IJospiriferina sfgnoi juv. (Dl STEFANO) 1

Orthotoma sp. 5

Lobothyris andleri (OPPEL) 4

Linguithyris aspasia ( Z ITTEL) 18

Zeilleria baldaccii GEMMELLARO 8

iTE, I. , EBLI, O. & LOBITZER, H .



Zeilleria ci.perforata (PlETTE) 1

6. Schwarzensee, road to Feuchteneck — The embedding rock is more reddish and micritic, in comparison with the other Hierlatz Limestone localities. One hundred and eight specimens were collected (45 ones unidentifiable fragments) at this collecting point. The identified 63 specimens belong to 13 brachiopod species. Terebra-tulida are the most frequent component of the fauna (81%), represented mainly by zeilleriids. Zeilleria alpina and Z. mutabilis are especially common. Spiriferinids are rather rare. Three bivalve specimens were also found.


Prionorhynchia guembeli (OPPEL) 1


Cuneirhynchia dalmasi (DUMORTIER) 1


Gibhirhynchia curviceps (QUENSTEDT) 1


Liospiriferina aradasi (GEMMELLARO) 2

IJospiriferina darwini (GEMMELLARO) 1



Zeilleria baldaccii GEMMELLARO 2




Zeilleria sp. 5

Bakonyithyris ewaldi (OPPEL) 1

7. Suissensee, scree at the shore of the lake — Twenty-five specimens were collected (16 unidentifiable fragments). The identified 9 brachiopods belong to 4 species.

Calcirhynchia plicatissima (QUENSTEDT) 2


IJospiriferina angulata (OPPEL) 2

Zeilleria ba/dacai GEMMELLARO 4

Explanation to Plate V I

1-3. Prionorhynchia flabellum (MENEGHINI in GEMMELLARO) — X l , Mond see.

4—6 Prionorhynchia greppini (OPPEL) — X l , Mondsee.

7-9 Prionorhynchia guembeli (OPPEL) — x l , Mondsee.

10-12 Prionorhynchia polyptycha (OPPEL) — x l , Schafberg slope, 1575m.

13-15 Cirpa briseis (GEMMELLARO) — X l , Mondsee.

16-18 Cirpa latifrons (STUR in GEYER) — xl Schafberg slope.

19-20 Cirpaplanifrons (ORMÓS) — xl , Mondsee.

21-23 Cirpa subcosiellata (GEMMELLARO) — Xl, Mondsee.

24-26 Calcirhynchia plicatissima (QUENSTEDT) — Xl, Mondsee.

27-29 Salgirella magnicostata (ORMÓS) — x l , Mondsee.

30-31 Piarorhynchia caroh (GEMMELLARO) — X l , Mondsee.

32-34 Cuneirhynchia cartieri (OPPEL) — x l , Schafberg slope.

35-37 Cuneirhynchiapalmata (OPPEL) — x l , Schafberg slope.

38—40 Cuneirhynchia retusifrons (OPPEL) — x l , Schafberg slope.

41-43 Liospiriferina alpina (OPPEL) — x l , Mondsee.

VÖRÖS, A., SZABÓ, J., D U L A I , A., SZENTÉ, L , EBLI , O. & LOBITZER, H .


Prionorhynchia flabellum ( M E N E G H I N I in G E M

M E L L A R O , 1874) (Plate VI: 1-3) — Five specimens were found at three collecting points. This species is similar to P. greppini but it can be distinguished by a wing-like widening; its pedicle valve is flat and the brachial valve is slightly convex. The Schafberg specimens are smaller than the well-preserved Mondsee material. The figured P. flabellum shows stronger uniplication than the known specimens in the literature (e.g. CANAVARI (1880) or PARONA (1880)).

Prionorhynchia greppini ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI : 4-6) — Twenty7 six specimens were collected at several localities. It can be distinguished from the similar P. polyptycha by the smaller number of the ribs and from the triangular Cuneirhynchia palmata by the rounded outline. The planareas are sometimes deep and the lateral commissures slighdy rise from the planareas. Some Schafberg specimens are unusually convex, these are similar to BÖSE & SCHLOS-SER's figure (1900, pi. 18. fig. 12a). Detailed systematic description of this species was given by DULAI (1992 and in press).

Prionorhynchia guembeH ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI : 7-9) — TWrteen specimens were found at five collecting points. It generally occurs in small number (one or two specimens), with the exception of the Mondsee locality, where it is relatively frequent. Our specimens are not so elongated as figured by BÖCKH (1874) and GEYER (1889) but they are similar to OPPEL's (1861) samples. The Schwarzensee and the Mondsee specimens have few but strong ribs and very deep planareas. They sometimes show high uniplication. A similar species was described from Hungary as "R." forticostata by BÖCKH (1874). This latter species has fewer ribs at the anterior margin but it has more and smaller ribs near the beak.

Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis ( B Ö S E , 1898) — Only four specimens occured at three collecting points. This species was described from Kramsach and Schafberg by BÖSE (1898) but it was also mentioned from other areas (e.g. KULCSÁR 1914 from Hungary). A similar form was found in the Early Liassic formations of the Gerecse Mts, which was identified as "Rlynchonella" triquetra (T3ULAI in press). P. ? hagaviensis has larger size and its outline is more angular. The Mondsee specimen is small, flat and triangular, while the material found above the Schafbergalpe is larger with bifurcated ribs (10) and its outline is not so angular. BÖSE (1898) mentioned fewer ribs (5-7). The generic identification of this species is uncertain: SlBLÍK (2002) classified it into Pisirhynchia with question mark.

Prionorhynchia polyptycha ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI: 10—12) — Thirteen brachiopods were found at four localities. Some of them are large and wide with very-deep planareas, however the figured specimen is smaller and not so wide. BÖHM et al. (1999) and SlBLÍK (2002) regarded this species synonymous with Cuneirhynchia fraasi.

This opinion is not followed in this paper, moreover on the basis of the differences between the ribs, the beak ridges, the planareas and the plication, this species was classified into a different genus. Detailed systematic description of this species was given by DULAI (1992 and in press).

Prionorhynchia pseudoscherina ( B Ö S E , 1898) — This species was described from the Schafberg area by BÖSE (1898) and it was also found at three different points along the slopes of the Schafberg during our field works (fourteen specimens). Its valves are rather convex with few rounded ribs. Two similar species are P. forticostata and P. guembeli. The former has more numerous ribs at the beaks but the number of ribs decreases towards the anterior margin. The latter has larger and sharper ribs. Both species show larger and deeper planareas.

Cirpa briseis ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1874) (Plate VI : 13-15) — Five specimens were collected at Mondsee. BÖSE (1898) mentioned this species from Kramsach and Hinterschafberg. It has few ribs (8-10), the uniplication is high, the brachial valve is sometimes flat and the outline shows sudden widening from the beak. Sometimes difficult to distinguish from Cirpa variabilis, because this latter species was shown in the literature as very variable and widely interpreted species.

Cirpa ? latifrons ( S T U R in G E Y E R , 1889) (Plate V I : 16-18) — It was found at two collecting points of the Schafberg slopes (5 specimens). The reliable generic classification of this species is not yet available: SACCHI VlALLI & CANTALUPPI (1967) mentioned as member of Prionorhynchia while. SULSER (1993) used Fissirhynchia with question mark. Recendy Cirpa with (or without, e.g. in SlBLÍK 2002) question mark have been used by several authors (e.g. VÖRÖS 1997; BÖHM et al. 1999; DULAI 1992 and in press). The Schafberg specimens are more convex than the Hungarian Lókút material. The uniplication is strongly asymmetrical at the Schafberg specimens. The Schafberg material is very similar to GEYER's (1889) figures. The number of ribs is higly variable both amongst GEYER's (1889) Hierlatz brachiopods and the recently collected Schafberg specimens. This species was described in detail from the Hungarian Hettangian and Early Sinemurian formations (DULAI 1992 and in press).

Cirpa planifrons ( O R M Ó S , 1937) (Plate VI : 19-20) — Only two specimens were found at two localities. This species was described from the Bakony Mts by ORMÓS (1937) but meanwhile it was also mentioned from the Austrian Alps (Steinplatte: SlBLÍK 1993, Adnet: BÖHM et al. 1999). A closely related form was found in the Hungarian deeper water Hettangian formations (Tata, Kálvária-domb; Cirpa aff. planifrons: DULAI in press). C. fronto shows very similar form but this latter species has fewer ribs, which are evenly strong throughout the whole valves, while the ribs become gradually stronger towards the anterior margin in C planifrons. The Schafberg speci-

men is flattened but it has box-like anterior margin and bifurcated ribs. The valves are relatively flat at the Mondsee specimen, but they shows also box-like form.

Cirpa subcosiellata ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1878) (Plate V I : 21-23) — Fourteen specimens were collected at five localities of the Schafberg slopes and Mondsee. Some Hungarian Sinemurian specimens (Gerecse Mts) has high uniplication, while other samples (Márkó) show smaller uniplication (DULAI in press). This latter form is more similar to the figures given by GEMMELLARO (1878) and BÖSE (1898). The uniplication is very variable at the Schafberg material: higher at railway terminus and lower at Mondsee. The uniplication is asymmetrical (mainly at Mondsee) and the ribs are sometimes bifurcated. The studied specimen is very wide at the railway terminus. The convexity of the pedicle and brachial valves are equal; it is a difference from the Hungarian material but it is similar to BÖSE's (1898) figures.

Calcirhynchia fascicostata ( U H L I G , 1879) — Eight small-sized brachiopods were found at three collecting points. BÖSE & SCHLOSSER (1900) and P R I N C I P I (1910) showed high uniplication but at the same time UHLIG's (1879) material and the Hungarian Sinemurian specimens (DULAI in press) show rectimarginate anterior commissure or the uniplication is very low. The uniplicate specimen found at the tunnel of Schafberg is unusually large. AlJvíÉ-RAS (1964) classified this species into Sqttamirhynchia with question mark, but recently VÖRÖS (1997) and SlBLÍK (2002) regarded this species as member of Caldrhynchia.

Calcirhynchia pHcatissima ( Q U E N S T E D T , 1852) (Plate V I : 24—26) — Fifteen brachiopods were found at four collecting points. The Suissensee specimen is small and roundish with few ribs (10—11, of which four are stronger at the middle part of the shell). The smaller specimens are more flattened, while the larger ones are more globular at the railway terminus of Schafberg. The figured material from Mondsee shows 1—1 stronger ribs running to the comers of the anterior margin. The uniplication is strong and angular. Detailed systematic description was given by DULAI (1992) and the variability7 of this species (convexity, uniplication) is shown by DULAI tin press). SULSER (1993) ranged this species into Mediterranirhynchia with question mark.

Calcirhynchia sp. — Two badly preserved specimens occurred along the slopes of Schafberg. A small and flat specimen with few weak ribs was found at the railway station terminal. It has fewer ribs than C. fascicostata, without bifurcation.

Salgirella cf. albertii ( O P P E L , 1861) — Two brachiopods were collected on the Schafberg slopes. Both are poorly preserved but they show few and strong ribs, without planareas. The new subspecies (minor) described by O R M Ó S (1937) probably does not belong to S. albertii because of the high number of ribs and the very low uniplication. (The re-examination of the Kék-hegy locality in the Bakony Mts is in progress). H A A S (1912) also

described a relative taxon with very different characters (ribs do not run throughout along the valves; very wide uniplication with more ribs; definite planareas). Detailed systematic description of this species was given by DULAI (1993 and in press).

Salgirella ? cf. magnicostata (ORMÓS, 1937) (Plate VI : 27-29) — Seven specimens were collected at five localities along the Schafberg slopes and Mondsee. This species was described from similar facies of the Bakony Mts by ORMÓS (1937, Kék-hegy, Hierlatz type limestone). According to ORMÓS (1937) S. magnicostata is one of the biggest rhynchonellids in the Bakony Mts (3 cm in length). It is similar to S. albertii but this latter species has stronger and sharper ribs. The valves are rather convex and wider than long (one specimen is more flattened and uniplicate) at the Schafberg slopes. The Mondsee specimens show 10—12 strong ribs, slight uniplication and more flattened valves.

It is the first record of this species from the Northern Calcareous Alps.

Homoeorhynchia ? prona ( O P P E L , 1861) — Only one fragmentary7 specimen was found on the slopes of the Schafberg. The generic classification of the species is uncertain but recently several authors classified this species into Homoeorhynchia with question mark (e.g. VÖRÖS 1997; SlBLÍK 2002; DULAI in press). SlBLÍK (1993) mentioned closely relative form from the Alps Ç'rXIynchonella" aff.prona, Steinplatte). Detailed systematic description is given by DULAI (in press).

Piarorbynchia ? caroh ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1878) (Plate VI : 30-31) — Eight brachiopods were collected at three collecting points. This species was regarded as synonymous with C. cartieri \n an earlier publication (DULAI 1992) but this view is not followed in this paper. The Schafberg specimens are quite bigger and wider than the Early Sinemurian material from the Gerecse Mts (DULAI in press). The Mondsee specimens are especially wide. The pedicle valve is very flat and the planareas are not so deep. The ribs are sometimes bifurcated. The generic classification of the species is uncertain. SULSER (1993) classified this species into Calcirhynchia hut VÖRÖS (1997) and SlBLÍK (2002) opinion is followed in this paper.

Cuneirhynchia cartieri ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI : 32-34) — Sixteen specimens were found at four localities. C. cartieri and Piarorbynchia ? caroli are regarded as separate species in this paper and not synonymous as in DULAI (1992). The pedicle valves of the Mondsee specimens are very flat. The same phenomenon can be observed at some other species of this locality7; it was probably caused by local environmental factors, e.g. currents. One of the specimens from the Schwartzensee is flat, its planareas are small and the anterior commissure is slightly sulcate. Some C. cartieri, found on the Schafberg slopes, have rather convex valves, they are similar to the globular specimens, found at Lókúti-domb of the Bakony Mts (DULAI 1990, 1992).

Cuneirhynchia dalmasi ( D U M O R T I E R , 1869) — Only two specimens were collected at Mondsee and Schwar-zensee localities. This species is similar to C. retusifrons but it has flatter pedicle valve and its outline is more triangular. Triangular (e.g. D l STEFANO 1891) and pentagonal (e.g. SlBLÍK 1964) forms were also classified into this species in the literature. It is a small-sized, flat form with very few ribs. The ribs can be observed only at the anterior margin.

Cuneirhynchia aff. dalmasi ( D U M O R T I E R , 1869) — Only one specimen was found along the slopes of Schafberg. It is a very small-sized form and both valves are flat. Its ribs are even weaker than at the typical C. dalmasi. The only specimen is fragmentary but its outline seems to be less triangular. The beak ridges of the pedicle valve are strong but the planareas are very7 small. The anterior commissure is rectimarginate.

Cuneirhynchia fraasi (OPPEL, 1861) — Only one specimen occurred along the slopes of Schafberg. SlBLÍK (1993) did not give generic identification to this species in the absence of the knowledge of the inner morphological characters but later classified this species into Prionorhynchia and regarded synonymous with P. polyptycha (in BÖHM et al. 1999 and SlBLÍK 2002). At the same time SlBLÍK mentioned the significant differences in the inner morphological characters between the Adnet specimens and the P. polyptycha from the DSkuti-domb of the Bakony Mts published by D U L A I (1992). BÖHM et al.'s (1999) and SlBLÍK's (2002) opinion is not followed in this paper. It can be distinguished from C cartieri by the larger size and the more pentagonal outline.

Cuneirhynchia retusifrons ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI : 38—40) — Three specimens were collected at three localities. The outline and the ribs of this form are rather variable. The outline is concave at the anterior margin. Two stronger ribs run to the corners of the anterior margin. The studied specimens of the Schafberg slopes are larger than the Hungarian material at the Lókúti-domb locality and its brachial valve is more convex. "PàynchonelW carti-erijormis described by VÍGH (1943) is probably synony-

mous with C. retusifrons. Detailed systematic description of this species was given by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Cuneirhynchia palmata ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI: 35-37) — Only one well-preserved specimen was found on the slopes of Schafberg. It has triangular outline and few strong ribs, which become stronger towards the anterior margin. Both valves are rather flat. The beak ridges are strong and the planareas are deeper than at the other Cuneirhynchia species of the studied material. The anterior commissure is slightly uniplicate; the plica is wide and angular. Our specimen is very similar to GEYER's (1889) material from the Hierlatzberg. This species was classified into Prionorhynchia by SlBLÍK (2002) but VÖRÖS's (1997) opinion is followed in this paper.

Gibhirhynchia curviceps ( Q U E N S T E D T , 1858) — Only one specimen occurred at Schwarzensee locality7. Biconvex form, the brachial valve is more convex. The anterior commissure is uniplicate and slightly asymmetrical. The plica is wide but not high. The ribs become gradually stronger towards the anterior margin. The ribs of the studied specimen do not show bifurcation, as it was observed at the Sinemurian material of Hungary ( D U L A I in press).

Liospiriferina aequiglobata ( U H L I G , 1900) — Only one small juvenile specimen was found at Mondsee. The convexity7 of the pedicle and brachial valve is similar, and the width bigger than the length. This species is similar to Liospiriferina alpina but the beaks of the pedicle and brachial valves are nearly at the same heights here, while there are significant differences in the position of the beaks at L. alpina. Another difference is the presence of a small sulcus. Another similar species is L moriconii where the sulcus is not significant. BÖHM et al. (1999) mentioned Liospiriferina aff. obtusa from Adnet, which is very similar to this form. From the Northern Calcareous Alps, this is the first record of L aequiglobata. Detailed systematic description of the species is given by D U L A I (in press).

Explanation to Plate V I I

I - 3 Liospiriferina aradasi (GEMMELLARO) — x l , Schafberg slope. 4—6 Liospiriferina brevirostris (OPPEL) — x l , Mondsee. 7-10 Liospiriferina cordiformis (BÖSE) — x l , Mondsee. I I - 13 Liospiriferina darwini (GEMMELLARO) — x l , Schafberg slope. 14-17 Liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL) — x l , Schafberg slope, 1550m. 18-20 Lobothyris punctata (SOWERBY) — x l , Schafberg slope, 1550m. 21-23 Viallithyris gozzanensis (PARONA) — x l , Schafberg slope, 1575m. 24-26 Zeilleria baldaccii GEMMELLARO — x l , Mondsee. 27-29 Zeilleria batilla (GEYER) — X l , above the Schafbergalpe. 30-31 Zeilleria bicolor (BÖSE) — x l , above the Schafbergalpe. 32-34 Zeilleria perforata (PlETTE) — x l , Schafberg slope, 1550m. 35-37 Zeilleria venusta (UHLIG) — X l , Mondsee. 38-40 Bakonyithyris ewaldi (OPPEL) — x l , Schafberg slope, 1550m. 41—42 Securina partschi (OPPEL) — X l , Schafberg, upper railway terminus. 43-45 Securina aff. securiformis (GEMMELLARO) — x l , Mondsee.

Liospiriferina alpina ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate V I : 41-43) — One hundred and eighteen specimens were found at fourteen collecting points. This species is missing only at one locality, where the specimen number was rather low. L alpina was the most frequent taxon during our field work. It is similar to L. brevirostris but its brachial valve is not so flat, the beak of the pedicle valve is not so curved and the length is larger than the width. Detailed systematic description was given by DULAI (1992 and in press).

Liospiriferina angulata ( O P P E L , 1861) — Ten brachiopods occurred at five localities. Similar species are L. obtusa and L. darwini, where the beak of the pedicle valve is not so pointed as in L angulata. Our specimens are very small-sized at the railway station terminal and Suissensee localities but larger along the Schafberg slopes. Detailed systematic description was given by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Liospiriferina aradasi ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1878) (Plate VI I : 1—3) — Eight specimens were found at four collecting points. This species is similar to L. pichleri, but the beak of the pedicle valve is wider, more elongated and very7 high. L pichleri shows a small sulcus, which can be followed from the anterior margin to the beak of the pedicle valve. Another similar species is L alpina, but the beak is quite stronger and more curved at L aradasi. This is the first record of this species from the Northern Calcareous Alps. Detailed systematic description is given by D U L A I (in press).

Liospiriferina brevirostris ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VII : 4—6) —Five large-sized specimens were collected along the Schafberg slopes and at Mondsee locality7. This species is very similar to L alpina, but its beak is more curved and the brachial valve is flatter. In the absence of the brachial valve it is difficult to distinguish the two species. Its valves are sometimes slightly ribbed at the anterior margin. Detailed systematic description was given by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Uospiriferina cordiformis (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate VII : 7-10) — Three specimens occurred at two localities. This species was described from Schafberg area by BÖSE (1898). Two brachial valves were found above the Schafbergalpe: they are ven7 convex with not high but wide and strongly curved beaks. Both valves are very convex at the figured specimen, the brachial beak is large and strongly curved. The beak of the pedicle valve is broken, it is probably higher than the brachial beak. Width is larger than the lenght.

Liospiriferina darwini ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1878) (Plate V I I : 11—13) — Sixteen specimens were found at five collecting points of the Schafberg slopes and at Mondsee. The Schafberg material generally consists of small-sized forms. The depth and the development of the sulcus is very variable at the studied specimens. L. sylvia is a similar form but these two species can be cüstin-

guished by the angle between the interarea and the comis-sures (45° at L sylvia and 85° at L darwini). Detailed systematic description is given by D U L A I (in press).

Liospiriferina gryphoidea ( U H L I G , 1879) — This species occurred at one locality only but it can be found rather frequently at Mondsee (seventeen specimens). It is similar to L. brevirostris but the beak of the pedicle valve is more curved and the outline is more elongated. The Schafberg specimens are generally small- to medium-sized, elongated forms. This is the only brachiopod taxon in the studied material, which can be regarded as not fixed form but free living in the loose sediment. Detailed systematic description is given by D U L A I (in press).

Liospiriferina meneghiniana (CANAVARI, 1880) — Only one small-sized juvenile pedicle valve was collected at Mondsee locality. The small beak is very7 high. It is similar to L angulata, but its beak is slightly curved and not so pointed. It was also mentioned from the Pliensbachian formations of the Transdanubian Central Range by VÖRÖS (1997) but it is the first record of this species from the Northern Calcareous Alps.

Liospiriferina obtusa ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VII : 14-17) — L obtusa is relatively frequent brachiopod taxon in the studied region: twenty-five specimens occurred at ten collecting points. A specimen found at the tunnel of Schafberg has rather pointed sulcus and it shows a transitional form to L. acuta. The beak of the Schwarzensee specimen is broken and probably slighdy convex, therefore its identification is uncertain. The sulcus of two Mondsee specimens are rather distorted but otherwise the forms are not deformed. At some brachiopods the beaks are nearly at the same heights; the beak of the brachial valve is wider and larger, while the beak of the pedicle valve is slightly pointed. Similar taxa are L, angulata and L sicula, distinguishing characters were described by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Liospiriferina pichleri ( N E U M A Y R , 1879) — Only one very small juvenile pedicle valve was collected at Mondsee locality. This species is very similar to L alpina but a small sulcus developed from the beak and its beak is narrower. SlBLÍK (1993) mentioned the differences between the outlines and the short hinge line. The small uniplication shows an important difference between L. pichleri and L meneghiniana. Detailed systematic description was given by D U L A I (1993 and in press).

Liospiriferina rostrata ( S C H L O T H E I M , 1822) — Only three specimens were found at one collecting point along the slopes of Schafberg. It is similar to L. alpina but it shows slight sinus and small uniplication. Fine ribs were frequently mentioned in the literature, but they are not observed at the Schafberg material. BÖSE's (1898) specimens from the Schafberg area are also smooth.

Liospiriferina sicula ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1874) — Seven specimens were collected at three localities. The Mondsee specimen is badly preserved with very deep sulcus. This species is very similar to L obtusa but it is larger and it has larger and wider uniplication. S lBLÍK (in B Ö H M et al. 1999) regarded these two species synonymous. This opinion is not followed in this paper and later SlBLÍK (2002) himself mentioned also both L sicula and L. obtusa from the Northern Calcareous Alps. Detailed systematic description was given by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Liospiriferina zignoi ( D l STEFANO, 1891) — Only one very small juvenile specimen occurred at Mondsee locality. The brachial valve is flat, while the pedicle valve is very convex. The area is flat and the angle between the the interarea and the commissure is about 60—70°. The rounded rectangular outline is slightly oval; width is larger than length. This is the first record of this species from the Northern Calcareous Alps.

Orthotoma apenninica (CANAVARI , 1883) — Only one small specimen was found at the railway station upper terminus of Schafberg. Both valves are very flat, the convexity of the pedicle and brachial valve is the same. The outline is oval and width is slightly larger than length in CANAVARI'S (1883) original description. The Schafberg material is similar to this form. It was also mentioned from the Pliensbachian formations of the Transdanubian Central Range ( V Ö R Ö S 1997). This is the first record of this species from the Northern Calcareous Alps.

Orthotoma sp. — Five small specimens were collected at Mondsee locality7. Their form differs from O. apenninica in the outline that is ovate in the Schafberg specimens, being longer than wide and the valves are not so flat.

Lobothyris andleri ( O P P E L , 1861) — Twenty specimens were found along the Schafberg slopes and at Mondsee. AGER (1990) and ALMÉRAS & FAURÉ (2000) studied Lobothyris genus in detail and they synonymized SuCIC-PROTIC's (1971) several new genera with Lobothyris. B Ö H M et al. (1999) showed a L andleri specimen with rounded outline, while the Hungarian Hettangian specimens were more elongated and subpentagonal in outline ( D U L A I 1993). We have also found specimens with rounded outline along the Schafberg slopes. The studied Schafberg specimens are generally large and both valves are slightly convex. Both wider and narrower forms occurred at Mondsee. Detailed systematic description was given by D U L A I (1993 and in press).

Lobothyris delta (NEUMAYR, 1879) — Only one specimen was found on the slopes of Schafberg. This species has already mentioned from several localities of the Northern Calcareous Alps (e.g. Breitenberg, Eiberg) by SlBLÍK (1999). It is similar to L andleri but its outline is more elongated. The pedicle valve is more convex than brachial one. The beak of the Schafberg specimen is not so strong than it was shown by SlBLIK (1999).

Lobothyris punctata (SOWERBY, 1812) (Plate VII: 18-20) — Eight specimens occurred at three collecting points along the slopes of the Schafberg. Very variable form with several described subspecies; this variability was demonstrated by GEYER (1889) and PARONA (1885). L andleri also was regarded earlier as subspecies of L punctata. It is smaller and not so convex than L andleri. It has more or less oval outline. Detailed systematic description of the species was given by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Viallithyris gozzanensis (PARONA, 1880) (Plate VI I : 21—23) — Eight specimens were found at one collecting point of the Schafberg slopes. Relatively large-sized, sub-pentagonal form with rather convex valves. The anterior commissure is rectimarginate or slightly sulcate. VÖRÖS (1978) ranged this species into his newly described genus Viallithyris. BÖSE (1898) mentioned V. goânensis from several locality of the Schafberg area.

Linguithyris aspasia ( Z l T T E L , 1869) — This species was found only at one locality7 (Mondsee) but it was relatively frequent there. The Mondsee specimens from the Semicostatum Zone are small to medium-sized: they are generally larger than the Hungarian Early Sinemurian material from Lókút Hill or Vöröshíd quarry (Dulai 1992 and in press; Bucklandi Zone), however smaller than the Pliensbachian forms of the Transdanubian Central Range. It seems that the evolution of this species can be characterised by a more or less continuous size increasing. Several authors mentioned the similarity between L aspasia and L nimbata. These species were regarded as synonymous by the author (DULAI 1992). According to PROSOROVSKAYA & VÖRÖS (1988), the author of L aspasia is Z l T T E L (1869) [not M E N E G H I N I (1853)]. I f this subjective synonymy were accepted, L nimbata would have priority. However, the name of L aspasia is much more widely used and known, therefore it might be suggested for status of "nomen conservandum". Formerly, this species has been ranged into several genera (Terebratula, Waldheimia, Pygope, Glossothyris, Propygope, Nucleata) but recently Linguithyris is generally accepted. The species nimbata was regarded as Rhapidothyris with question mark by S l B L Í K (2002) Detailed systematic description was given by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Zeilleria alpina ( G E Y E R , 1889) — It is a widespread species in the Schafberg area: seventy-six specimens were found at seven collecting points. Some of them are small, juvenile specimens. SlBLÍK (1993) synonymized Zeilleria baconica complanata subspecies, described by B Ö C K H (1874) with the studied species. However, the investigation of the inner morphological characters of the Hungarian Hettangian specimens refers to Lobothyris (see D U L A I 1993). SlBLÍK (1993) identified a specimen with small sulcus as belonging to this species. However, the name could be applied only for specimens with rectimarginate anterior commissure. Detailed systematic description was given by D U L A I (1992 and in press).

Zeilleria baldaccii G E M M E L L A R O , 1874 (Plate VII : 24—26) — Twenty three specimens were collected at six localities of the Schafberg area. Both valves of the studied brachiopods are very flat and they have raindrop-shaped forms. Its beak is much higher than in the case of Z. alpina. Z. aff. baldacci was mentioned from the Late Sinemurian of the Bakony Mts by V Ö R Ö S (1997).

Zeilleria batilla ( G E Y E R , 1889) (Plate VII : 27-29) — Ten specimens were found at three collecting points along the Schafberg slopes. It shows pentagonal outline, but the lateral margins are parallel to each other from the middle of length to the anterior margin; in this way this species can be distinguished from Z. mutabilis. Some specimens are flatter than the figured one. Z. batilla was described by G E Y E R (1889) from the same facies of the Hierlatzberg. Detailed systematic description is given by DULAI (in press).

Zeilleria bicolor (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate VI I : 30-31) — Ten brachiopods were found at five collecting points along the Schafberg slope and at Schwarzensee. This species was described from the Schafberg area by B Ö S E (1898). The beak ridges of the pedicle valve are high, straight, while the beak is slighdy incurved and hood-like. It is similar to Z. mutabilis, but its oudine is oval and the valves are more convex. Another similar form is Z. livingstonei, but the outline of this latter species is rounded triangular.

Zeilleria choffati (HAAS, 1885) — Nineteen specimens were collected at five localities of the Schafberg area. Sometimes it is similar to the subtriangular variety of Z. mutabilis but it has more convex valves and the maximum width is at the middle of the length. The anterior margin is sometimes concave ( B Ö H M et al. 1999). Detailed systematic description was given by DULAI (1992 and in press).

Zeilleria mutabilis ( O P P E L , 1861) — One of the most common Sinemurian brachiopod species of the Schafberg area: one hundred and two specimens were found at eight collecting points. According to SlBLIK (1993) this is the most common and most variable Zeilleria species in the Alpine area. Similar forms are Z. alpina and Z. choffati (see DULAI 1992). A N T O S T C H E N K O (1973) classified this species erroneously into Spinulotbyris. Forms of pentagonal oudine occurred at the tunnel of Schafberg, while oval and wider specimens were found at the upper terminus of the railway station. Detailed systematic description was given by DULAI (1992, 1993 and in press).

Zeilleria oenana (BÖSE, 1898) — Five specimens were collected at three localities along the Schafberg slopes. This species was described from the Schafberg area by B Ö S E (1898). Both valves are flat and the beak of the pedicle valve is hood-like. It is similar to Z. mutabilis, but it shows more rounded outline, higher beak and a very small sulcus.

Zeilleria perforata ( P l E T T E , 1856) (Plate V I I : 32-34) — Four specimens were found along the Schafberg

slopes and at Mondsee locality. The beak is missing and the anterior margin is concave in specimens, found at the "water pump" locality. The maximum thickness of the figured specimen is near to the beak of the brachial valve and it shows strongly convex valves.

Zeilleria venusta ( U H L I G , 1879) (Plate VI I : 35-37) — Nine specimens occurred along the Schafberg slopes and at Mondsee. It is relatively large form, both valves are strongly convex. The valves meet at obtuse angle at the lateral and anterior commissures, therefore it has boxlike shape. One of the Schafberg specimens shows atypical morphology': width is larger than length (though it is a bit compressed). Three fragmentary brachiopods were found at Mondsee; the figured one is typical.

Securina partschi ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VII : 41-42) — Fourteen brachiopods were collected on the Schafberg slopes and at Mondsee. Large-sized and fragmentary specimens occurred at the Schafberg slopes with large planareas. One specimen shows strongly curved and pointed pedicular beak. Width and length are nearly equal in the specimens, foond at the railway terminus; but it is not so extreme form than was figured by FUCINI (1895). All the Mondsee specimens are surprisingly small-sized.

Securina aff. securiformis ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1874) (Plate VI I : 43—45) — Only two fragmentary specimens occurred on the Schafberg slopes and at Mondsee. It can be distinguished from S. partschi by the rounded outline and the convex anterior margin. The Schafberg specimen is fragmentary but it shows convex ventral outline and not so deep planareas. The two valves do not meet at acute angle at the anterior commissure than in D l S T E F A N O ' s (1891) material; it is more similar to B Ö S E & SCHLOSSER's (1900) figure 17. The Mondsee specimen has rounded triangular outline, with straight lateral margins and strongly convex anterior margin. Both valves are convex and they meet at obtuse angle at the commissures, therefore they have boxlike shape. The planareas are not deep, they have plain surfaces (unfortunately the preservation is not very good at the planareas). The pedicular beak is broken, its convexity is unknown. S. securiformis was never mentioned from the Northern Calcareous Alps.

Bakonyithyris ewaldi ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI I : 38-40) — Five specimens were found at four collecting points of the Schafberg area. The outline of the Schafberg specimens are not elongated than O P P E L ' s (1861) figure Id, they are more similar to figure la or P A R O N A ' s

(1880) material, but its sulcus is not so deep. Our figured specimen is small-sized, relatively flat and the sulcus is not well-developed (it may be a juvenile form). An extremely large form was also found along the Schafberg slope. Both valves are strongly convex at the Schwarzensee specimen, its outline is similar to GEYFLR's (1889) figure 5. on plate 4. It is small sized and the maximum width is shifted towards the anterior margin.

Early Jurassic fauna and facies of the Schafberg area

Pliensbachian brachiopods

Brachiopods were collected at five localities from the red, micritic, and sometimes coarsely crinoidal Pliensbachian limestones. This formation is exposed in a narrow belt along the northern foot of Schafberg and consists of Upper Triassic "Plattenkalk", penetrated by vertical neptunian dykes filled with red, crinoidal-bra-chiopodal limestones of Pliensbachian age. This unit can be interpreted as a remnant of an Early Jurassic submarine horst. In the Pliensbachian, due to repeated distensive tectonic movements, gigantic fissures opened along the rim of the submarine horst. These trapped most of the biodetritus and lime mud what was previously swept and carried down to the southern basin. Our main collecting points were at Suissensee, Mittersee, along the road from Schwarzensee to Feichtingeck and at Meislalm.

The brachiopod fauna collected from the Pliensbachian red limestones is very diverse: the 383 specimens belong to at least 27 species. In most localities the fauna is

dominated by the large-sized species Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS), it may suggest that the brachiopod associations rather closely reflect the composition of the original communities. The state of preservation is medium (or poor at Meislalm), but the inarticulated (single) brachiopod valves are subordinate; this also speaks against a longer transport of the shells. All but three of the 19 identified species were known previously from the Schafberg area (BÖSE 1898). The composition of the fauna shows great resemblance to the Late Pliensbachian brachiopod fauna of the Bakony Mts: except Cirpa briseis (GEMMELLARO), Prionorhynchia aff. hagaviensis (BÖSE) , Cuneirhynchia aff. dalmasi (DUMORTIER) and Liospiriferina semicircularis (BÖSE), the other 15 species are known also from the Bakony. In conclusion, the Schafberg fauna belonged definitely to the Mediterranean Province but shows transitional features between the Appennino-Transdanubian and the Carpatho-Sicilian Subprovinces of VÖRÖS (1987).

Pliensbachian localities and their brachiopod faunas (with specimen numbers)

8. Suissensee-W (along path, leaclmg to Himmelspforte)

Rhynchonellida indet. 1 Koninckodonta sp. 1 IJospiriferina semicircularis (BÖSE) 1 IJospiriferina sp. indet. 2 Viallithyris go-ânensis (PARON A) 6 Zeilleria ? sp. 1

9. Suissensee-Kar (crest between Mittersee and Suissensee)

Apringia cf. altesiniiata (BÖSE) 3 IJospiriferina sp. indet. 2 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) 2 Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) 1 Viallithyrisgoânensis (PARONA) 1 Lobothyris ? sp. 2 Brachiopoda indet. 2

10. Mittersee (Lobitzer's point ÖK 65) (N of Schafberg)

Apringia cf. paolii (CANAVARI) 6 Apringia cf. diptycha (BÖSF.) 1 Apringia cf. altesinuata (BÖSE) 1 Apringia sp. indet. 6 Cuneirhynchia aff. dalmasi (DUMORTIER) 3 Rhynchonellida indet. 17 Liospiriferina sicula (GEMMELLARO) 1 Liospiriferina globosa (BÖSE) 2 Liospiriferina sp. indet. 25 Koninckodonta sp. 4 Orthotoma ? sp. 1 Lobothyris ? sp. 1 Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) 3 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) 68 Viallithyrisgosânensis (PARONA) 1 Zeilleria cf. bicolor (BÖSE) 2 Bakonyithyris ovimontana (BÖSE) 10 Terebratulida indet. 15 Brachiopoda indet. 21

11. Aschergraben (above Schwarzensee, along the forestry road leading to Feichtingeck)

Apringia ? sp. 1 Cirpa ? sp. 1 Cirpa cf. briseis (GEMMELLARO) 1 Koninckodonta sp. 3 Liospiriferina cf. alpina (OPPEL) 1 Liospiriferina sp. 8 RJjapidothyris ? sp. 4 Unguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) 1 Bakonyithyris cf. ovimontana (BÖSE) 8 Bakonyithyris sp. 3 Brachiopoda indet. 3

12a. Meislalm (above Schwarzensee)

Apringia paolii (G\NAVARl) 3 Apringia diptycha (BÖSE) 2 Apringia altesinuata (BÖSE) 8 Apringia sp. 5 Cirpa cf. briseis (GEMMELLARO) 1 Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE) 1 Koninckodonta cf. waehneri (BlTTNER) 3 Liospiriferina semicircularis (BöSF.) 1 IJospiriferina sp. 9 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) 46 RJjapidothyris ? cf. ovimontana (BÖSE) 1 Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL) 8 Bakonyithyris cf. ovimon tana (BÖSE) 13 Brachiopoda indet. 8

12b. Meislalm (above Schwarzensee) (isolated block of ammonitic Hierlatz Limestone)

Prionorhynchia ? aff. hagaviensis (BÖSE) 1 Apringia cf. paolii (CANAVARI) 2 Apringia sp. indet. 2 Koninckodonta sp. 1 Liospiriferina sp. 5 Unguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) 3 Bakonyithyris sp. 1 Brachiopoda indet. 5

VÖRÖS, A., SZABÓ, J., D U L A I , A., SZENTÉ, L , EBLI , O. & LOBITZER, H .


Apringia paolii (CANAVARI, 1880) (Plate V I I I : 1-6) — This species is represented by 11 specimens in our material collected mainly at Meislalm (Schwarzensee). A. paolii is a variable but very typical member of its genus, and stands morphologically close to the type species A. giuppa (DE GREGORIO 1886). It is very common in the Pliensbachian of the Apenninic (Umbria-Marchean) and the Bakony Mts localities, and well characterises the "Apennino-Transdanubian Subprovince" of VÖRÖS (1987).

Apringia cf. altesinuata (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate VI I I : 7-9) — This species was described by BÖSE (1898) from the Schafberg region and, accordingly, we have collected it in great number (12). It stands close to A. stoppanii (PARONA, 1880) which may be considered as its senior synonym. In contrast to the almost smooth shell surface, the highly uniplicate anterior commissure is, in most cases, aberrantly asymmetrical. This feature was recorded both in the Schafberg and in the Hungarian (Fenyveskut) material and possibly has a palaeoecological reason, e.g. the individuals of this species lived in dense, overpacked populations.

Apringia cf. diptycha (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate V I I I : 10-12) — It was collected in moderate quantity (3 specimens). This characteristic, completely smooth and strongly biplicate rhynchonellid species very much resembles A. mariottii (ZlTTEL, 1869), which latter has fine ribs on its lateral parts.

Cirpa cf. briseis ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1874) (Plate VII I : 18-19) — We have collected two specimens of this species which characterises the "Carpatho-Sicilian" Sub-province of the Mediterranean Province (VÖRÖS 1987).

Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate VIII : 13—14) — The single specimen probably belongs to P.

hagaviensis described from the Schafberg fauna by BÖSE (1898). Its small size and general shape and ornamentation would suggest its possible attribution to Lokutella but the relationship of the anterior and lateral commissures speaks in favour of Prionorhynchia as a host genus. This species was tentatively placed into the genus Pisirhynchia by SlBLÍK (2002) but this opinion is not accepted here.

Prionorhynchia ? aff. hagaviensis (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate VILI: 15-17) — This single specimen is definitely closely related to Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis but its rather strong and somewhat irregular ribbing may indicate that it belongs to another species.

Cuneirhynchia ? aff. dalmasi (DUMORTIER, 1869) (Plate VIII : 20-22) — BÖSE (1898) found numerous specimens of C. dalmasi in the Schafberg fauna. Our specimens (3) stand close to this species but differ by rather dense and irregular ribbing in the wide uniplication.

Koninckodonta cf. waehneri ( B l T T N E R , 1894) (Plate VIII : 29) — We have found three specimens of this tiny, concavo-convex and frequently overlooked species. Koninckinids were characteristic members of the communities üving on the rocky submarine horsts in Early Jurassic times (VÖRÖS 1986, 2002); this supports our palaeogeo-graphic model, i.e. that the sedimentär)7 material of the fissure filling Pliensbachian red limestone derived from a submarine horst region.

Liospiriferina sicula ( G E M M E L L A R O , 1874) (Plate VII I : 26—28) — The single specimen collected is a typical representative of the species L sicula. It is closely related to L obtusa (OPPEL, 1861); the main difference is in their outline, L sicula being more elongated transversally.

=> Explanation to Plate V I I I

1—3 ApringiapaoUi(CANAVARI) — x l , Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone. 4-6 Apringia paoUi (CANAVARI) — x l , Sch warzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone. 7—9 Apringia altesinuata (BÖSE) — x l , Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone. 10—12 Apringia diptycha (BÖSE) — x l , Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone. 13—14 Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE) — X l , Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone. 15—17 Prionorhynchia aff. hagaviensis (BÖSE) — x l , Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Block of ammonitic Hierlatz Limestone. 18—19 Cirpa cf. briseis (GEMMELLARO) — x l , Schwarzensee, Aschergraben (road to Feichtingeck), Pliensbachian red limestone. 20—22 Cuneirhynchia aff. dalmasi (DUMORTIER) — x l , Schafberg, Mittersee, Pliensbachian red limestone. 23—25 Liospiriferina semicircularis (BÖSE) — x l , Schafberg, Suissensee (western side), Pliensbachian red limestone. 26—28 Liospiriferina sicula (GEMMELLARO) — X l , Schafberg, Mittersee, Pliensbachian red limestone. 29 Koninckodonta cf. waehneri BlTTNER — x2,5, Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone. 30—31 Linguithyris aspasia ( Z l T T E L ) — x l , Schafberg, Mittersee, Pliensbachian red limestone. 32—34 Linguithyris aspasia ( Z l T T E L ) — X l , Schwarzensee, Aschergraben (road to Feichtingeck), Pliensbachian red limestone. 35—37 Viallithyris gozzanensis (PARONA) — X l , Schafberg, Suissensee (western side), Pliensbachian red limestone. 38—40 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) — x l , Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone. 41—42 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) — X l , Schafberg, Mittersee, Pliensbachian red limestone. 43—45 Bakonyithyris ovimontana (BÖSE) — X l , Schafberg, Mittersee, Pliensbachian red limestone. 46—48 Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL) — X l , Schwarzensee, Meislalm, Pliensbachian red limestone.

IJospiriferina semicircularis (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate VII I : 23-25) — This species was described by BÖSE (1898) from the Schafberg fauna. Our specimens (2) represent a transversally less elongate variant showing the characteristic, almost straight, asymmetrically gently deflected anterior commissure.

Unguithyris aspasia ( Z l T T E L , 1869) (Plate VI I I : 30-34) — This most characteristic Mediterranean species is copiously represented in our collected material (12 specimens). Many authors cited L, aspasia with M E N E G H I N I as author. However, MENEGHINI (1853) mentioned this species name only in a faunal list, therefore his record must be taken as nomen nudum. The first author to describe L, aspasia was ZlTTEL (1869).

Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS, 1855) (Plate VI I I : 38-42) — This species was collected in an outstanding number (116) and it seems to be a consequently dominant species of the Schafberg fauna: BÖSE (1898) found several hundred specimens. The large variation range gave a sound basis to BÖSE (1898) to synonymize the species adnethensis with adnethica SUESS, 1861. This was followed by RENZ (1932) with the inclusion of the widely used synonym erbaensis SUESS in PlCTET, 1867. The senior synonym

adnethensis is the type species of the genus Securithyris V Ö R Ö S , 1983.

Viallithyris gozzanensis (PARONA, 1880) (Plate VI I I : 35-37) — The eight, mostly incomplete specimens show the characteristic, wide, well demarcated, straight sinus of the anterior commissure. This diagnostic Mediterranean species is the type of the genus Viallithyris V Ö R Ö S , 1978.

Bakonyithyris ovimontana (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate VI I I : 43-45) — This species is the second most frequent in our collected material (31 specimens). It stands close to B. pedemontana ( P A R O N A , 1893) the type species of Bakonyithyris V Ö R Ö S , 1983, but differs in its usually larger size, the wider and fiat sinus of the anterior commissure, and the presence of a narrow, elongate sulcus on the umbonal part of the brachial valve.

Zeilleria mutabilis ( O P P E L , 1861) (Plate VI I I : 46-48) — This very common and widespread Mediterranean Lower Jurassic species was found in eight specimens in the Pliensbachian red limestones of the Schafberg area. It is more frequent in the Sinemurian Hierlatz limestones; further comments on this species were given in the respective part of this paper.

Acknowledgements — The fieldwork was helped by the Hungarian Natural History Museum, the Geologische Bundesanstalt and Hungarian Geological Institute. The Hungarian Scientific Research Fund supported the study of the fossils was [brachiopods: OTKA T032028, T043325; gastropods: T 031873).

The authors are indebted for the identification of the ammonites to József PÁLFY (Joint Palaeontological Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Science and Hungarian Natural History Museum. Daniel SZABÓ took the excellent photos of the gastropods and the brachiopods.

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Authors' addresses: Dr. Attila VÖRÖS Research Group for Palaeontology, Hungarian Academy o f Sciences - Natural History Museum, Geological and Palaeontological Department Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest, M ú z e u m krt. 14—16

Mail: 1431 Budapest, pf. 137 Hungary

e-mail: [email protected]

Dr. J á n o s SZABÓ Geological and Palaeontological Department Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest, M ú z e u m krt. 14—16



Dr. István SZENTE Eötvös University, Department of Palaeontology H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/c e-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Oskar EBLI Universi tät München , Institut für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie Richard Wagner Straße 10 D-80333 M ü n c h e n e-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Harald LOBITZER Geologische Bundesanstalt Rasumofskygasse 23 A-1031 Wien e-mail: [email protected]

Dr. Alfréd DULAI Geological and Palaeontological Department Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest, M ú z e u m krt. 14—16

