Vocabulary Timeline

Vocabulary 1865-1895

Esthefany Cortes1st period

- Legislator - Social development

-Military

http://tinyurl.com/c2okhee

186618621850Homestead: Congress passed this act offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen or citizen who was head of the house hold.

Up to 600,000 families took advantage of the governments offer.

Exoduses': African Americans who moved from the post- reconstruction South to Kansas.

Sand Creek Massacre: Cheyenne tribe thought that if they were to return to Colorado's Sand Creek Reserve for the winter. General S. R. Curtis said that he would make peace till they made them suffer. Chivington and his troops went and killed over 150 people.

Bessemer Process: Made by the British manufacture Henry Bessemer and American iron maker William Kelly, soon because widely used technique involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities.

1780

Melting Pot: a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogenous the different elements ‘melting together” into a harmonious whole with a common culture.

1866 1867

Buffalo Soldiers: Originally just known as members of the U.S. Cavalry Regiment of the U.S. Army formed on Sep. 21, 1866. This is a nick name given to the “ Negro Calvary” by the Native Americans that they had fought.

Oliver Hudson Kelly: Started the patrons of Husbandry an organization for farmers that became popularly known as the grange. Purpose was to provide a social outlet and an education forum for isolated farm families.

Grange: Started by Oliver Hudson Kelley, an organization for farmers that became popularly known as the grange.

http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-sandcreek.html

http://www.nps.gov/civilwar/activists.htm

Andrew Carnegie: Carnegie started as a telegrapher and by the 1890’s has investment in railroads, railroad sleeping carts, bridge and oil derricks. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company . Then he sold it and sold it to and then he built Carnegie Hall and founded the Carnegie Corporation of the New York and many more.

1860

National Farmers Alliance: The largest association of farmers. More than 4 million, mostly I the south and the west.

1870

Social Darwinism: An ideology of society that seeks to apply biological concepts of Darwinism or of evolutionary theory to social and politics. Emerged in England and the United States in the 1870’s.

http://www.dipity.com/Ssmith12/Farmers-Rights-Populism_1/

http://www.josephthebutler.com/2011/08/profile-andrew-carnegie.html

Segregation: laws to separate whites and black people in public and in private facilities.

John D. Rockefeller: An American industrialist and philanthropist. He was the founder of the standard oil company which dominated the oil industry and was the first great us business trust.

1870 1872

Mail-Order Catalog: Montgomery Ward and Sear Roebuck brought retail merchandise to small towns Wards catalog. http://www.alligatorsinthesewer.net/2009/02/23/sears-to-revert-back-to-mail-order-

catalog-company/

http://fineartamerica.com/featured/john-d-rockefeller-jr-1874-1960-everett.html

http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/2010/05/22/segregation-a-collection-of-images/

George Armstrong Custer: In 1874,when he reported that the Black Hills has gold “from grass roots down”, a gold rush was on. When Colonel Custer and his troops reached the Little Bighorn River, the Native Americans were ready for them. The native Americans outflanked and crushed Custer’s troops.

Battle Of Little Big Horn: combined forces like Lakota northern Cheyenne and Arapaho tribe against the 7th cavalry regiment of the united states army. It was a victory for the native Americans tribes over the “buffalo soldiers.”

Samuel Gompers: an English born American cigar maker who became a union labor leader and a key figure in American labor history . Elected president of cigar makers international union local 144 in 1875. 1874 1875 1876

Alexander Graham Bell: Invested the telephone with Thomas Watson. It opened the way for a world wide communications network. It affected office work, along with the type writers and created jobs for women.

Nez Perce: Forced off their tribal lands, the Nez (1877)Perce are returning almost 120 years later. In 1997 Wallowa community leader obtained a grant to develop the Wallowa Bond Nez Perce Trail Inter. Center.

Southern Alliance: Only white famers, primary concerns were buying equipment and supplies together and marketing issues, since prices had been declining since the early 1870’s.

Dumbbell Tenement: Also called Old Law Tenement House Act of 1879 and before the New York State tenements House Act of 1901.

18791877

1880

Grandfather Clause: Passed by a number of U. S. Southern States, which created new literacy and property restrictions on voting, but exempt those whose ancestors had the right to vote before the Civil War.

Ragtime: originated in the 1880’s in the saloons of the south Scott Joplin's ragtime competitions made him famous in the first decade of 1900’s.

Thomas Alva Edison: A pioneer on the new industrial frontier when he established the worlds first research laboratory in Menlo Park. There he perfected the incandescent light bulb, patented in 1880, and later invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power.

1883

Joseph Pulitez: Hungarian immigrant who bought New York World in 1883. Which had large Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage and women's news . He tried to surpass his competition William R. Hearst.

James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok: Never dealt with cows served as a scout and spy during the Civil War and leader as a ,marshal in Abilene, Kansas. He was a violent man who shot and killed while playing poker. He was holding a pair of aces and a pair of eights which is now known as “ Dead mans hands”.

1884

Republican political activists who bolted from the united states republican party by supporting democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States.

Colored Farmers Alliance: About 250,000 African Americans belonged to the colored famers national alliance. Houston, Texas is where it started. A white Baptist missionary, R. M. Humphrey organized this. Unlike others, they had to work in secret to avoid racially motivated violence

1886

1887

Assimilation: a plan under which native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and became part of the white culture. Many sympathizers supported.

Transcontinental railroad: a contiguous network, of railroad track age that crosses a continual land mass with terminals at different oceans of continental borders. They helped open up unpopular interior regions of continents to exploration and settlement that would not otherwise have been feasible.

Dawes Act: 1887, congress passed this act aiming to ‘Americanize” the native Americans. It broke up the reservation and gave some of the reservation land to individual native Americans (160 acres to each head of house hold and 80 acres to each unmarried adult. They would sell the rest to reservations. The resulting income would be used by native Americans to buy farm implements.

Sherman Antitrust Act: Prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and requires that federal gov’t to investigate and our sure “Trusts”, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation.

July 2, 1890

Wounded Knee: On Dec. 30 1890, Custer sold regiment rounded up about 350 suffering sloux and took them to camp. The next day the soldiers demanded they give them their weapons, a shot was fired and solder opened fire with deadly cannon.

1890 1894

Omaha Platform: the party program adopted at the formative convention of the People’s Party held in Omaha, Nebraska.

1895

William Randolph Hearst: Purchased New York Morning Journal in 1895. He wanted to out do Joseph Pulitzer by filling the Journal with exaggerated tales of personal scandals, cruelty hypnotism, and even an imaginary conquest of Mars.

1896

William Jennings Bryan: At the democratic convention, former Nebraska congressman, WJB editor of the Omaha World-Heralda, delivered an impassioned address to the assembled delegates. “Cross of Gold.”

William McKinley: Ran in the 1896 campaign because the republican party stated it’s firm commitment, from Ohioan.

“Cross of Gold”- having behind us the producing masses of this nation interest and the toilers everywhere we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.

1892

Ellis Island: Upper New York Bay was the gate for millions of immigrants to the united states as the nations busiest immigrants inspection station from 1892-1924

Jane Adams: Founder of Hull House in Chicago public philosopher, sociologies, author and leader in woman suffrage and world peace. First women to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

1931 1965

Literacy Test: They would try to make it as impossible as they could to make the blacks or non-whites not able to vote. They would arrest non whites with false charges and beat others for imagined and made up things.