Vocabulary: Chapter 5 Causes Patriot Leaders British Leaders Battles Declaration of Independence Boston Tea Party Boston Massacre Vocabulary: Chapter.
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Vocabulary:Chapter 5
Causes
PatriotLeaders
BritishLeaders
BattlesDeclaration
ofIndependence
BostonTea Party
BostonMassacre
Vocabulary:Chapter 6
ProtestMethods
1. 1. The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War2. 2. Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union3. 3. Treaty of Paris, 1763Treaty of Paris, 17634. 4. Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War5. 5. Proclamation Act of 1763Proclamation Act of 17636. 6. Stamp ActStamp Act7.7. Boycott Boycott8. 8. RepealRepeal9. 9. Townshend ActsTownshend Acts10. 10. Writ of assistanceWrit of assistance
11. 11. Boston Massacre12. 12.
Committee of correspondence
13. 13. Tea Act14. 14. Boston Tea Party15. 15. Intolerable Act16. 16. First Continental Congress17. 17. Militia18. 18. Minuteman19. 19. Battles of Lexington and Concord
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The French and Indian War was a war The French and Indian War was a war that took place from 1754 to 1763 that took place from 1754 to 1763 between England and France. Both between England and France. Both aided by Native American Allies, that aided by Native American Allies, that led to the end of French power in led to the end of French power in North America.North America.
The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal by The Albany Plan of Union was a proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies and provided for the for the 13 colonies and provided for the common defense against the French.common defense against the French.
Benjamin Franklin’s Cartoon. Created cartoon to convince colonists to accept his Albany Plan of Union.
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 was an The Treaty of Paris of 1763 was an agreement between Britain and agreement between Britain and France that ended the French and France that ended the French and Indian War, and it marked the end of Indian War, and it marked the end of French power in North America.French power in North America.
Treaty that ended the French and Treaty that ended the French and Indian War. The treaty ended French Indian War. The treaty ended French power in North America and made power in North America and made Great Britain the most powerful Great Britain the most powerful European country in the New WorldEuropean country in the New World..
Pontiac’s War was a 1763 conflict between Pontiac’s War was a 1763 conflict between Native Americans and the British over Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area and eventually led to the Lakes area and eventually led to the Proclamation Act of 1763.Proclamation Act of 1763.
The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a law forbidding English colonists to law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.Mountains.
Halt!
The Stamp Act was a 1765 law The Stamp Act was a 1765 law that placed new duties on legal that placed new duties on legal documents, and taxed documents, and taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing newspapers, almanacs, playing cards and dice.cards and dice.
Repeal means to cancel. After Repeal means to cancel. After colonists boycotted certain goods colonists boycotted certain goods taxed by the British government, taxed by the British government, parliament would repeal the tax. parliament would repeal the tax.
The Townshend Acts were laws The Townshend Acts were laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paint, and lead.such as glass, paint, and lead.
Writ of Assistance was a legal Writ of Assistance was a legal document that allowed British document that allowed British customs officials to inspect a ship’s customs officials to inspect a ship’s cargo without giving a reason. cargo without giving a reason.
The Boston Massacre was a 1770 The Boston Massacre was a 1770 conflict between colonists and British conflict between colonists and British troops in which five colonists were troops in which five colonists were killed.killed.
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston Massacre.
Committee of Correspondence was a Committee of Correspondence was a letter writing campaign that became letter writing campaign that became a major tool of protest in the a major tool of protest in the colonies.colonies.
A boycott is a refusal to buy A boycott is a refusal to buy goods or service. This was a goods or service. This was a popular protest method used by popular protest method used by the colonists against British the colonists against British taxes.taxes.
The Tea Act was a 1773 law that let The Tea Act was a 1773 law that let the British East India Company the British East India Company bypass tea merchants and sell tea bypass tea merchants and sell tea directly to colonists.directly to colonists.
The Boston Tea Party was a 1773 The Boston Tea Party was a 1773 protest in which colonists protest in which colonists dressed as Indians and dumped dressed as Indians and dumped British tea into Boston harbor.British tea into Boston harbor.
• The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws passed in 1774 to punish colonist in Boston passed in 1774 to punish colonist in Boston for the Boston Tea Party.for the Boston Tea Party.
• To punish the colonists, King George III To punish the colonists, King George III closed the port of Boston until the tea that closed the port of Boston until the tea that was destroyed was repaid for. was destroyed was repaid for.
• The colonists could not have anymore town The colonists could not have anymore town meetings.meetings.
• And a new Quartering act was introduced.And a new Quartering act was introduced.
• The First Continental Congress was a The First Continental Congress was a meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from the 12 colonies in 1774.the 12 colonies in 1774.
• In this meeting, delegates debated on what In this meeting, delegates debated on what to do about the Intolerable Acts.to do about the Intolerable Acts.
• They decided to boycott British products They decided to boycott British products and to start militias throughout the and to start militias throughout the colonies.colonies.
A militia is an army of A militia is an army of citizens who serve as citizens who serve as soldiers during an soldiers during an emergency.emergency.
A Minuteman was a colonial militia A Minuteman was a colonial militia volunteer who was prepared to fight volunteer who was prepared to fight at a minute’s notice.at a minute’s notice.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord The Battles of Lexington and Concord were conflicts between were conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the soldiers that started the Revolutionary War in 1775.Revolutionary War in 1775.
1.1. Olive Branch PetitioOlive Branch Petitionn
2.2. Green Mountain BoyGreen Mountain Boyss
3.3. Continental ArmyContinental Army
4.4. PatriotPatriot
5.5. LoyalistLoyalist
6.6. Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill
7.7. BlockadeBlockade
8.8. MercenaryMercenary
9.9. Common SenseCommon Sense
10.10. TraitorTraitor
11.11. Declaration of IndepDeclaration of Independenceendence
12. Preamble13. Natural rights14. Battle of Long Island15. Battle of Trenton16. Battle of Saratoga17. Ally18. Valley Forge19. Battle of Cowpens20. guerrilla21. Siege22. Battle of Yorktown23. Treaty of Paris24. ratify
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The Olive Branch Petition was a peace The Olive Branch Petition was a peace petition sent to King George by petition sent to King George by colonial delegates after the battles of colonial delegates after the battles of Lexington and Concord declaring their Lexington and Concord declaring their loyalty to the king asking him to loyalty to the king asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts.repeal the Intolerable Acts.
The olive branch is symbol of peace.
The Green Mountain Boys were The Green Mountain Boys were Vermont colonial militia led by Ethan Vermont colonial militia led by Ethan Allen, which made a surprise attack Allen, which made a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga, giving on Fort Ticonderoga, giving Americans control of the key routeAmericans control of the key route..
Ethan Allen
The Continental Army was the patriot The Continental Army was the patriot army established by the Second army established by the Second Continental Congress to fight the Continental Congress to fight the British.British.
A Patriot was a colonist who A Patriot was a colonist who favored war against Great favored war against Great BritainBritain..
A loyalist was a colonist who A loyalist was a colonist who remained loyal to Britainremained loyal to Britain..
Battle of Bunker was the first Battle of Bunker was the first major battle of the Revolution in major battle of the Revolution in 1775.1775.
• A blockade is the shutting off of a port to A blockade is the shutting off of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or keep people or supplies from moving in or out.out.
• Great Britain used their navy to blockade Great Britain used their navy to blockade the colonies so they could not get supplies the colonies so they could not get supplies from foreign countries.from foreign countries.
• A mercenary is a soldier who fights A mercenary is a soldier who fights for money and is often from a foreign for money and is often from a foreign country.country.
• The British hired mercenaries form The British hired mercenaries form Germany called Hessians to fight the Germany called Hessians to fight the patriots.patriots.
Common Sense was an essay Common Sense was an essay published in 1776 by Thomas Paine published in 1776 by Thomas Paine that urged the colonies to declare that urged the colonies to declare independence.independence.
• A traitor is a person who betrays his A traitor is a person who betrays his or her country.or her country.
• Benedict Arnold (pictured below) Benedict Arnold (pictured below) betrayed the Continental Army when betrayed the Continental Army when he planned to give the British West he planned to give the British West Point.Point.
• The plan was discovered and he fled The plan was discovered and he fled to join the British.to join the British.
The Declaration of Independence is a The Declaration of Independence is a 1776 document stating that the 13 1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and English colonies were a free and independent nationindependent nation..
A preamble is introduction to a A preamble is introduction to a declaration, constitution or other declaration, constitution or other official document.official document.
Natural Rights are rights that Natural Rights are rights that belong to people from birth.belong to people from birth.
The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 battle in New York in which more than battle in New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were killed, 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or captured.wounded or captured.
The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in New Jersey in which George Washington’s New Jersey in which George Washington’s troops captured a Hessian encampment in a troops captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise attack.surprise attack.
• The Battle of Saratoga was the first major The Battle of Saratoga was the first major American victory in the Revolution, which American victory in the Revolution, which ended the British threat in New England in ended the British threat in New England in 1777.1777.
• Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to an American victory.to an American victory.
• The Battle convinced France to support the The Battle convinced France to support the patriots.patriots.
An ally is a nation, or person, who An ally is a nation, or person, who works with another for a common works with another for a common purpose.purpose.
France became our ally after the France became our ally after the Battle of Saratoga.Battle of Saratoga.
Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of Washington’s Continental Army Washington’s Continental Army encampment during the winter of 1777-encampment during the winter of 1777-1778.1778.
The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in South Carolina, where Americans won an South Carolina, where Americans won an important victory over the Britishimportant victory over the British..
• Guerrilla is a term used for a soldier who Guerrilla is a term used for a soldier who uses hit and run tactics against the enemy.uses hit and run tactics against the enemy.
• Guerrilla warfare is the use of hit and run Guerrilla warfare is the use of hit and run tactics.tactics.
A siege is a military blockade or A siege is a military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to position in order to force it to surrender.surrender.
The Battle of Yorktown was the final The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle in the Revolution. This battle in battle in the Revolution. This battle in 1781 forced the British to surrender.1781 forced the British to surrender.
Peace treaty between Great Britain Peace treaty between Great Britain and the United States that recognized and the United States that recognized the United States as an independent the United States as an independent country.country.
Ratify means to approve of Ratify means to approve of something. something.
Causes
TaxationWithout
Representation
French And
Indian War
Policies ofThe King
LexingtonAnd
Concord
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• After the French and Indian War, King George After the French and Indian War, King George III decided to reduce the debt of Great Britain III decided to reduce the debt of Great Britain from the war by taxing the colonists.from the war by taxing the colonists.
• The colonists did not like this because they The colonists did not like this because they had no say on the taxes that were imposed had no say on the taxes that were imposed on them by parliament. They called this on them by parliament. They called this taxation without representation.taxation without representation.
Below are some taxes imposed by Great Britain on the colonists. Click on name of tax to find out about each.
StampAct
TownshendAct
TeaAct
Sugar Act
Taxes
• The Townshend Acts was a tax in 1767 that The Townshend Acts was a tax in 1767 that taxed items used by industry like glass, paint taxed items used by industry like glass, paint and lead.and lead.
• The colonists protested the law by boycotting The colonists protested the law by boycotting all items taxed by the Townshend Acts.all items taxed by the Townshend Acts.
• Colonists in Massachusetts also started Colonists in Massachusetts also started committee of correspondences to explain committee of correspondences to explain British taxes.British taxes.
• The Sugar Act was a 1764 tax on The Sugar Act was a 1764 tax on molasses that was made in the colonies molasses that was made in the colonies and exported to other parts of the World.and exported to other parts of the World.
• The colonists protested against this tax The colonists protested against this tax by boycotting the sugar imported into the by boycotting the sugar imported into the colonies to make the molasses. colonies to make the molasses.
• The Sugar Act was repealed a year later.The Sugar Act was repealed a year later.
• The Stamp Act was a tax that The Stamp Act was a tax that replaced the Sugar Act of 1764. replaced the Sugar Act of 1764.
• The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax on The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax on paper products, to include paper paper products, to include paper products like legal documents, products like legal documents, newspapers, and playing cards.newspapers, and playing cards.
• The colonists protested the tax by The colonists protested the tax by boycotting British paper products and boycotting British paper products and making their own paper.making their own paper.
• The Sons of Liberty also were formed The Sons of Liberty also were formed during this time.during this time.
• The Tea Act was a 1774 law that let British The Tea Act was a 1774 law that let British merchants sell their tea directly to the merchants sell their tea directly to the colonists without going through colonial colonists without going through colonial merchants.merchants.
• The colonists did not have to pay that much The colonists did not have to pay that much tax on the tea, but still protested the tax tax on the tea, but still protested the tax because it was another example of taxation because it was another example of taxation without representation.without representation.
• The colonists protested by boycotting tea and The colonists protested by boycotting tea and by making their own tea.by making their own tea.
• Eventually the Sons of Liberty protested the Eventually the Sons of Liberty protested the Tea Act by planning the Boston Tea Party.Tea Act by planning the Boston Tea Party.
• In 1774, members of the Sons of Liberty dressed In 1774, members of the Sons of Liberty dressed up like Native Americans and threw British tea up like Native Americans and threw British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.
• The Boston Tea Party made King George III mad.The Boston Tea Party made King George III mad.
• To punish the colonists, King George III had To punish the colonists, King George III had parliament pass the Intolerable Acts.parliament pass the Intolerable Acts.
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• The French and Indian War was a war fought The French and Indian War was a war fought between France and Great Britain between the between France and Great Britain between the years 1754 to 1763.years 1754 to 1763.
• Great Britain won the war, but was in debt.Great Britain won the war, but was in debt.
• To reduce the debt, King George III decided to tax To reduce the debt, King George III decided to tax the colonists.the colonists.
• Taxes weren’t the only things imposed on them that they did Taxes weren’t the only things imposed on them that they did not like.not like.
• There were other policies of the King the colonists did not like.There were other policies of the King the colonists did not like.
Click on the policies below to find out more.Click on the policies below to find out more.
Restrictive BritishPolicies
NavigationActs
ProclamationAct of 1763
QuarteringAct
The IntolerableActs
• The Boston Massacre was an event that took place in 1770 The Boston Massacre was an event that took place in 1770 in Boston that claimed the lives of seven colonists.in Boston that claimed the lives of seven colonists.
• Colonists were protesting the Townshend Act outside a Colonists were protesting the Townshend Act outside a British tax collectors office in Boston.British tax collectors office in Boston.
• Colonists started to harass and throw objects at the soldiers Colonists started to harass and throw objects at the soldiers sent to protect the tax collector.sent to protect the tax collector.
• The soldiers then opened fire into the crowd killing seven The soldiers then opened fire into the crowd killing seven including Crispus Attucks, a Sons of Liberty member and including Crispus Attucks, a Sons of Liberty member and former slave.former slave.
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• The Navigation Acts regulated trade The Navigation Acts regulated trade between the colonies and other countries.between the colonies and other countries.
• Colonists had to buy finished goods from Colonists had to buy finished goods from Great Britain and could not trade certain Great Britain and could not trade certain goods with other countries.goods with other countries.
The Proclamation Act of 1763 drew an imaginary The Proclamation Act of 1763 drew an imaginary line down the center of the Appalachian line down the center of the Appalachian Mountain and restricted settlers from moving Mountain and restricted settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio west of the Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio River Valley.River Valley.
The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a result of The Proclamation Act of 1763 was a result of Pontiac’s War.Pontiac’s War.
Many colonists ignored the law and moved across Many colonists ignored the law and moved across the Appalachian Mountains anyways.the Appalachian Mountains anyways.
• The Quartering Act required colonists to The Quartering Act required colonists to house British Redcoats in their home.house British Redcoats in their home.
• Colonists had to pay for the soldiers food, Colonists had to pay for the soldiers food, drink and clothing.drink and clothing.
• Colonist used riots to protest this policyColonist used riots to protest this policy
• The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws created The Intolerable Acts were a series of laws created to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.
• There was several parts to these laws:There was several parts to these laws:
1.1. The Port of Boston was closed down until the The Port of Boston was closed down until the colonist paid for the tea destroyed.colonist paid for the tea destroyed.
2.2. The colonists could not have any more town The colonists could not have any more town meetings except for once a year.meetings except for once a year.
3.3. A new Quartering Act was imposed. More A new Quartering Act was imposed. More soldiers were sent over to make sure no Boston soldiers were sent over to make sure no Boston Tea Parties took place ever again.Tea Parties took place ever again.
Below are a few of the patriot leaders who led Below are a few of the patriot leaders who led the Revolution.the Revolution.
George WashingtonGeorge WashingtonThomas JeffersonThomas JeffersonJohn AdamsJohn AdamsSamuel AdamsSamuel AdamsPaul ReverePaul ReverePatrick HenryPatrick HenryEthan AllenEthan AllenBenjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
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• Known as “The Father of our Country”, Known as “The Father of our Country”, George Washington was the Continental George Washington was the Continental Army commander during the American Army commander during the American Revolution.Revolution.
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.Declaration of Independence.
• John Adams co wrote the Declaration of John Adams co wrote the Declaration of Independence with Thomas Jefferson.Independence with Thomas Jefferson.
• He was also the lawyer who represented the He was also the lawyer who represented the British soldiers involved in the Boston British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre.Massacre.
• Samuel Adams was the cousin of John Samuel Adams was the cousin of John Adams.Adams.
• He was a leader in the Sons of Liberty.He was a leader in the Sons of Liberty.
• He also organized the Committee of He also organized the Committee of Correspondence in Boston, Massachusetts.Correspondence in Boston, Massachusetts.
• Benjamin Franklin was a diplomat during Benjamin Franklin was a diplomat during the war.the war.
• He spent the war over in France getting the He spent the war over in France getting the King to supply money, men and ships for King to supply money, men and ships for the Continental Army.the Continental Army.
• It was through his efforts that France It was through his efforts that France became our biggest ally.became our biggest ally.
• Patrick Henry was another patriot from Patrick Henry was another patriot from Virginia who spoke out against the British.Virginia who spoke out against the British.
• In a famous for saying “Give me Liberty, or In a famous for saying “Give me Liberty, or give me Death”.give me Death”.
• Sons of Liberty member who was one Sons of Liberty member who was one of two midnight riders.of two midnight riders.
• He became famous for riding to He became famous for riding to Lexington and Concord to warn the Lexington and Concord to warn the colonists that the British were colonists that the British were coming.coming.
• Ethan Allen was the leader of the Ethan Allen was the leader of the Vermont militia known as the Green Vermont militia known as the Green Mountain Boys.Mountain Boys.
• Defeated the British at Fort Defeated the British at Fort Ticonderoga on May 5, 1775 without Ticonderoga on May 5, 1775 without firing a shot.firing a shot.
British leaders during the Revolution:British leaders during the Revolution:
King George IIIKing George III
John BurgoyneJohn Burgoyne
Lord CornwallisLord Cornwallis
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• King George III was the king of Great King George III was the king of Great Britain during the Revolution.Britain during the Revolution.
• He was not liked by patriots because He was not liked by patriots because of the policies he imposed on the of the policies he imposed on the colonists.colonists.
• John Burgoyne was a famous British general who John Burgoyne was a famous British general who came up with a plan to defeat George Washington came up with a plan to defeat George Washington and the Continental Army.and the Continental Army.
• His plan called for three British armies to converge His plan called for three British armies to converge on Albany New York from three different directions. on Albany New York from three different directions.
• By capturing Albany, Burgoyne hoped to cut off By capturing Albany, Burgoyne hoped to cut off separate the New England colonies from the middle separate the New England colonies from the middle and southern colonies.and southern colonies.
• Burgoyne believed that by capturing Albany and Burgoyne believed that by capturing Albany and controlling the Hudson River the Continental Army controlling the Hudson River the Continental Army would be unable to be resupplied.would be unable to be resupplied.
• His plan failed because two of his armies were His plan failed because two of his armies were defeated at the battles of Saratoga and Fort defeated at the battles of Saratoga and Fort Stanwixs.Stanwixs.
• Lord Cornwallis was the leader British Lord Cornwallis was the leader British forces in the Southern colonies.forces in the Southern colonies.
• He eventually would be defeated by George He eventually would be defeated by George Washington and French forces at Yorktown, Washington and French forces at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781.Virginia in 1781.
BunkerHill
LexingtonAnd
Concord
Battle ofTrenton
Battle ofLong Island
Battle of Saratoga
ValleyForge
Battle ofCowpens
Battle ofYorktown
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• The Declaration of Independence was The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson adopted on July written by Thomas Jefferson adopted on July 4, 1776.4, 1776.
• There are three parts to the Declaration of There are three parts to the Declaration of Independence: Independence:
Part 1: The Purpose of GovernmentPart 1: The Purpose of Government
Part 2: Wrongs Done by the KingPart 2: Wrongs Done by the King
Part 3: Declaring of IndependencePart 3: Declaring of Independence
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• In the first part, Thomas Jefferson explained what In the first part, Thomas Jefferson explained what the purpose of government is.the purpose of government is.
• He stated that the purpose of government to He stated that the purpose of government to protect peoples natural rights, also called protect peoples natural rights, also called unalienable rights. These are rights that are so basic unalienable rights. These are rights that are so basic that they cannot be taken away. These rights in the that they cannot be taken away. These rights in the Declaration of Independence are life, liberty and Declaration of Independence are life, liberty and property. property.
• He also stated that if a government abuses its power He also stated that if a government abuses its power and tries to take away these rights then the people and tries to take away these rights then the people have the right alter or abolish the government and have the right alter or abolish the government and replace it with a new one. replace it with a new one.
• In the second part, Thomas Jefferson lists all In the second part, Thomas Jefferson lists all the wrongs King George III has done to the the wrongs King George III has done to the colonies.colonies.
• In this long list of wrongs he mentions such In this long list of wrongs he mentions such things as taxation without representation, things as taxation without representation, restricting of trade, and quartering of restricting of trade, and quartering of soldiers in peoples homes.soldiers in peoples homes.
• After explaining what the purpose of After explaining what the purpose of government is and all the wrongs government is and all the wrongs done by the king, Jefferson then done by the king, Jefferson then stated that the colonies were now stated that the colonies were now independent from Great Britain.independent from Great Britain.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were The Battles of Lexington and Concord were conflicts between Massachusetts colonists conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the and British soldiers that started the Revolutionary War in 1775.Revolutionary War in 1775.
The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 The Battle of Long Island was a 1776 battle in New York in which more than battle in New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were killed, 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or captured.wounded or captured.
The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 The Battle of Trenton was a 1776 battle in New Jersey in which George battle in New Jersey in which George Washington’s troops captured a Washington’s troops captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise Hessian encampment in a surprise attack.attack.
• Battle of Bunker was the first major battle Battle of Bunker was the first major battle of the Revolution in 1775.of the Revolution in 1775.
• It was a British victory even though the It was a British victory even though the British lost more soldiers than the British lost more soldiers than the Americans.Americans.
Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania Valley Forge was the Pennsylvania site of Washington’s Continental site of Washington’s Continental Army encampment during the winter Army encampment during the winter of 1777-1778.of 1777-1778.
The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 The Battle of Cowpens was a 1781 battle in South Carolina, where battle in South Carolina, where Americans won an important victory Americans won an important victory over the British.over the British.
The Battle of Yorktown was the final The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle in the Revolution. This battle in battle in the Revolution. This battle in 1781 forced the British to surrender.1781 forced the British to surrender.
• The Battle of Saratoga was the first major American victory in The Battle of Saratoga was the first major American victory in the Revolution, which ended the British threat in New England the Revolution, which ended the British threat in New England in 1777.in 1777.
• Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to an American Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen led soldiers to an American victory.victory.
• The Battle convinced France to support the patriots.The Battle convinced France to support the patriots.
The Battles of Lexington and Concord were The Battles of Lexington and Concord were conflicts between Massachusetts colonists conflicts between Massachusetts colonists and British soldiers that started the and British soldiers that started the Revolutionary War in 1775.Revolutionary War in 1775.
Protest Methods used by colonists to protest Protest Methods used by colonists to protest British policies.British policies.
1.1. BoycottBoycott
2.2. Sons of LibertySons of Liberty
3.3. Committee of CorrespondenceCommittee of Correspondence
4.4. Tar and FeatheringTar and Feathering
5.5. MilitiasMilitias
6.6. DiplomacyDiplomacy
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• Boycott is the refusal to buy a Boycott is the refusal to buy a good or service.good or service.
• A militia is an army of citizens who serve as A militia is an army of citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency.soldiers during an emergency.
• The First Continental Congress started The First Continental Congress started militias in every colonies to protest the militias in every colonies to protest the Intolerable Acts in 1774.Intolerable Acts in 1774.
• Diplomacy is the solving of problems Diplomacy is the solving of problems between to opposing groups by between to opposing groups by communicating and discussions.communicating and discussions.
• The colonists used this on several occasions The colonists used this on several occasions to try get King George III to change British to try get King George III to change British policies in the colonies.policies in the colonies.
• An example of this is the Olive Branch An example of this is the Olive Branch Petition sent to the King after Lexington Petition sent to the King after Lexington and Concord.and Concord.
The Olive Branch Petition was a peace The Olive Branch Petition was a peace petition sent to King George by petition sent to King George by colonial delegates after the battles of colonial delegates after the battles of Lexington and Concord declaring their Lexington and Concord declaring their loyalty to the king asking him to loyalty to the king asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts.repeal the Intolerable Acts.
The olive branch is symbol of peace.
Committee of Correspondence was a Committee of Correspondence was a letter writing campaign that became letter writing campaign that became a major tool of protest in the a major tool of protest in the colonies.colonies.
• The Sons of Liberty were a protest group The Sons of Liberty were a protest group that formed after the Stamp Act.that formed after the Stamp Act.
• They protested against British taxes.They protested against British taxes.
• They took part in the Boston Tea Party.They took part in the Boston Tea Party.
• They also intimated tax collectors using tar They also intimated tax collectors using tar and feathering.and feathering.
• Tar and feathering was a tactic used by colonists to Tar and feathering was a tactic used by colonists to intimidate tax collectors into not collecting taxes.intimidate tax collectors into not collecting taxes.
• Colonists would dump hot tar onto tax collector and Colonists would dump hot tar onto tax collector and then put chicken feathers onto victim.then put chicken feathers onto victim.
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