Vocabulary Ch 4 • Moksha • Reincarnation • Karma • Dharma • Nirvana • Sect • Stupa • Mural • Joint family • Dowry • Philosophy • Filial piety • Monopoly • Expansionism • Warlord • Acupuncture
Feb 22, 2016
Vocabulary Ch 4
• Moksha• Reincarnation• Karma• Dharma• Nirvana• Sect• Stupa• Mural
• Joint family• Dowry• Philosophy• Filial piety• Monopoly• Expansionism• Warlord• Acupuncture
Empires of India and China
(600 B.C. – A.D. 550)
20
Hinduism• Grew out of the overlapping beliefs of the
diverse groups who settled India– One of the world’s most complex religions– Countless gods and goddesses– Many forms of worship existing side by side
• *Hindu beliefs center on the concepts of– Reincarnation “soul is an immortal body of light”– Karma “life experiences through cause and effect”– Moksha “liberation from the eternal cycles of death
and rebirth”– Dharma “God's Devine Law, the law of being”– The moral principles of duty, unimportance of self,
and nonviolence
Buddhism
• The Buddha emphasized moral and ethical rules– Honesty and charity, and kindness to all living
creatures– His teachings gave rise to a new religion,
Buddhism, that eventually spread through Southeast and East Asia.
Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha “he who is awake”
*Four Noble Truths
1. Suffering exists 2. Suffering arises from
attachment to desires 3. Suffering ceases when
attachment to desire ceases 4. Freedom from suffering is
possible by practicing the Eightfold Path
*Noble Eightfold PathWisdom
1. Right View2. Right Thought
Ethical Conduct3. Right Speech4. Right Action5. Right Livelihood
Mental Development6. Right Effort7. Right Mindfulness8. Right Contemplation
*Buddha’s version of the golden rule
“Overcome anger by not growing angry. Over come evil with good.
Overcome the liar with truth”
Buddhists and Hindus
• *Shared traditions– Believed in karma,
dharma, moksha, reincarnation and nonviolence
• *Buddhists differed from Hindus– Rejected priests– Formal rituals – The many gods– The caste system
Summary
Summarize your notes in four or more sentences
Extra Credit Illustration
• Now that you know the basic philosophy of Buddhism.
• Create one symbol that represents their practices– Use the four noble truths as the foundation – With the eightfold path branching off from
there. – This can be literal or an abstract image, be able
to explain the symbol. • The illustration is due tomorrow
India A Center of World Trade
• Alexander opened up the market
• By 110 BC Merchants sold Indian textiles, gems, incenses, and spices in Central Asia, China, the Middle East, Egypt, East Africa, and Southeast Asia
The Guptas ‘A Golden Age’320AD to 520AD
• The arts and literature– Collected and preserved the
old– Created new
• *Mathematics– Gupta mathematicians
originated the concept of zero• *Medicine
– vaccinated against smallpox 1,000 years before this practice was introduced in Europe
The Caste System
• *Caste rules governed– where people lived– what they ate– how they dressed– how they earned a living
• High caste members had the most rules
• The untouchables the least
• *Effects of the caste system– Ensured a stable social
order– Gave people a sense of
identity– Ensured Spiritual Purity
Brahmins, the priests or spiritual class Kshatriya, the nobility or ruling class Vaishya, the merchants and farmers Shudras or servants “untouchables”
Summary
Summarize your notes in four or more sentences
Three Schools of Thought in China
*Legalists• Stressed strength,
not goodness, as a ruler’s greatest virtue– Hitler, Stalin, and
Mao
*Daoists• Rejected the
everyday world, seeking to live in harmony with nature
• Believed that the best government was the one that governed least.
Confucius• China’s most influential
philosopher• Taught that harmony resulted
when people accepted their place in society
• *Confucianism stressed five values– Filial piety.... respect of parents– Loyalty to superiors and respect for
inferiors– Honesty– Hard work– Concern for others
551-479 BC
Confucian Government • Confucian ideas spread to over a third of the worlds
population• *Chinese rulers based their government on the
Confucian model– The best ruler was a virtuous man who led by example
• Quotes– "A man should practice what he preaches, but a man should
also preach what he practices." – “He who merely knows right principles is not equal to him
who loves them.”– “Mankind differs from the animals only by a little, and most
people throw that away.”– “If you enjoy what you do, you'll never work another day in
your life.”
Qin (ch’in) Dynasty (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) Shi Huangdi united China
*Built a strong, centralized, authoritarian government using
merit and punishment• Forced noble families to live in the
capital• Standardized weights and
measures• Repaired and built infrastructure• Created uniformity in Chinese
writing• Built the Great Wall
– Became a symbol of their civilized world
Han Dynasty206BC to 220AD
• *Han rulers strengthened China’s government and economy using Confucian ideas– Expanded China’s borders and
influence– Opened up the *Silk Road
• Linking China and the west for centuries
• 4000 miles very hard journey– Set up the imperial university
• Civil service exams– Improved canals and roads– Monopolized salt and iron
Golden age of Chinese civilization
• Made paper out of wood pulp
• *Invented a rudder
• Developed anesthetics
Hua To (Hua Tuo) 110AD – 207AD
"Knowing well the way to keep one in good health, Hua Tuo still appeared in the prime of his life when he was almost 100, and so was regarded as immortal."
Summary
Summarize your notes in four or more sentences
Coming Soon To A Classroom Near You