VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING III B. Tech, Semester I (EIE) Subject : Control Systems Subject Code : 13EEE006 Academic Year : 2016 – 17 Number of working days : 90 Number of Hours / week : 4 Total number of periods planned: 65 Name of the Faculty Member: P V Gopikumar & CH Sureshkumar III Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C 4 1 4 (13EEE006) CONTROL SYSTEMS Pre-requisites: Basic concepts of Mathematics and Signal concepts Course Objectives To understand the different ways of system representations such as Transfer function representation and state space representations and Should able to assess the system dynamic response To assess the system performance using time domain analysis and should know how to improve it To assess the system performance using frequency domain analysis and should know how to improve it To design various controllers and compensators to improve system performance Course outcomes After going through this course the student will be able to know how to improve the system performance by selecting a suitable controller and/or compensator for a specific application Apply various time domain and frequency domain techniques to assess the system performance Apply various control strategies to different applications (example: Power systems, electrical drives etc…) Test system Controllability and Observability using state space representation and applications of state space representation to various systems. UNIT I: INTRODUCTION: Concepts of control systems, Open loop and closed loop systems and their differences.Different examples of control systems, Classification of control systems, Feed-back Characteristics, Effects of feedback. Mathematical models – Differential equations. Impulse Response and transfer functions – Translational and Rotational mechanical systems.
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VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING
III B. Tech, Semester I (EIE)
Subject : Control Systems Subject Code : 13EEE006
Academic Year : 2016 – 17 Number of working days : 90 Number of Hours / week : 4 Total number of periods planned: 65 Name of the Faculty Member: P V Gopikumar & CH Sureshkumar
III Year B.Tech ECE – I Sem L T/P/D C 4 1 4
(13EEE006) CONTROL SYSTEMS
Pre-requisites: Basic concepts of Mathematics and Signal concepts Course Objectives
To understand the different ways of system representations such as Transfer function representation and state space representations and Should able to assess the system dynamic response
To assess the system performance using time domain analysis and should know how to improve it
To assess the system performance using frequency domain analysis and should know how to improve it
To design various controllers and compensators to improve system performance
Course outcomes After going through this course the student will be able to
know how to improve the system performance by selecting a suitable controller and/or compensator for a specific application
Apply various time domain and frequency domain techniques to assess the system performance
Apply various control strategies to different applications (example: Power systems, electrical drives etc…)
Test system Controllability and Observability using state space representation and applications of state space representation to various systems.
UNIT I:
INTRODUCTION:
Concepts of control systems, Open loop and closed loop systems and their differences.Different examples of control systems, Classification of control systems, Feed-back Characteristics, Effects of feedback.
Mathematical models – Differential equations. Impulse Response and transfer functions – Translational and Rotational mechanical systems.
Learning objectives:
After completion of the unit, students will be able to:
Explain the concepts of control system. Explain the classification of control system. Make the comparison between open loop and closed loop control system with examples. Explain Feedback Characteristics. Explain the reduction of parameter variations like system sensitivity,Time constant , Gain ,
Stability by use of feedback. Solve problems related to effects of feedback Identify the use of Laplace Transform in control system. Determine the Transfer Function of Mechanical Translational System. Solve problems on Mechanical Translational System. Derive Electrical Analogous of Mechanical Translational System. Determine the Transfer Function of Mechanical Rotational System. Solve problems on Mechanical Rotational System. Derive Electrical Analogous of Mechanical Rotational System.
Lecture Schedule
S.No. Description of Topic No. of
Hrs.
Method of
Teaching
1. Necessity and importance of control systems, classification of
control system
1st hour PPT
2. Open loop and closed loop systems with examples and
differences between open loop and closed loop system
2ndhour PPT+Video
3. Use of Laplace transforms in control systems. Definition of
Transfer function problems solved. Physical systems
3rdhour PPT
4. Effects of Feedback, reduction of parameter variations by use
of feedback, sensitivity, time constant, gain, stability, and
disturbance
4th&
5thhour
PPT, Chalk &
board
5. Mechanical translational systems and related problems solved 6th&
7thhour
chalk & board
6. Mechanical translational systems and related problems 8th&
9thhour
PPT, chalk &
board
7. Electrical analogous of Mechanical translational systems, force-
voltage and Force-current analogy
10th&
11thhour
PPT, Chalk &
board
8. Tutorial Problems 12thhour Chalk & board
Total Periods: 12
ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT- I 1. Distinguish between 1) linear and nonlinear system 2) Open Loop and Closed Loop control
system 3) Regenerative and degenerative feedback control systems. 2. Define system and explain about various types of control systems with examples and their
advantages. 3. What are the advantages of negative feedback? Explain the effect of negative feedback on
bandwidth and sensitiveness to parameter variation in closed loop control system.
UNIT II:
TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION & TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS:
Transfer Function of DC Servomotor-AC Servomotor-Synchro transmitter and receiver, Block diagram
representation of systems considering electrical systems as examples- Block diagram algebra –
Representation by signal flow graph – Reduction using mason’s gain formula.
Standard Test Signals- Time response of First Order Systems, Characteristic Equation of Feedback
Control systems, Transient Response of Second Order Systems, Time Domain Specifications, Steady state
response, Steady state errors and Error Constants, Effects of Proportional derivative, Proportional
Integral Systems.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of UNITII the student will be able to
Derive Transfer Function of DC Servomotor – Armature controlled and Field controlled Derive Transfer Function of AC Servomotor. Explain the operation of Synchro transmitter and Receiver. Represent Electrical system as a Block Diagram and solve related problems. Explain Block Diagram algebra. Represent Control System graphically using Signal Flow Graph. Reduce Block diagram using Mason’s Gain Formula. Determine the Time response of 1st order system. Time response of 2nd order system for undamped, underdamped, critically damped, over
damped. Time domain specifications- rise time, peak time, delay time, settling time, peak over shoot-
expressions derived. Determine the steady state response. Determine Steady state errors and Error Constants. Explain the effects of Proportional Derivative, Proportional Integral and PID Systems.
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of
Teaching
1. Servomotor, classification, requirements. Difference between 2
Phase Induction Motor and Servomotor.
1st hour PPT
2. Transfer function of Armature Controlled DC motor.
2ndhour PPT+Video
3. Transfer function of field Controlled DC motor.
3rdhour PPT
4. Transfer function of AC servomotor. Servomotor in position
control.
4thhour chalk & board
5. Block diagram Algebra. Block diagram reduction using algebra.
Problems solved.
5th&
6thhour
PPT, chalk &
board
6. Signal flow graph method, properties. Mason’s Gain Formula 7thhour PPT, Chalk &
board
7 Block Diagram Reduction using Mason’s Gain Formula.
Comparison of block diagram and signal flow graph methods,
conversion of block diagram to signal flow graph
8th&
9thhour
PPT, Chalk &
board
8 Standard test signals. Review of Partial Fraction Expansion 10thhour Chalk & board
9 Time Domain Specifications and their derivations 11thhour Chalk & board
10 Time response of 1st order system for Ramp i/p, step i/p,
Exponential i/p, etc.Time response of 2nd order system for
undamped and under damped cases.
12th&
13thhour
Chalk & board
11 Steady state Error, Static Error Constants essfor unit step, unit
ramp, and unit parabolic for type-0, 1, 2 & 3 order systems
14th&
15thhour
Chalk & board
12 Generalized Error Coefficient derivation. Response with P, PI,
PD & PID controllers and problems
16th&
17thhour
Chalk & board
13 Tutorial Problems 18thhour Chalk & board
Total:18 ASSIGNMENTOF UNIT_II
1. Derive the transfer function of an a.c.servomotor and draw its characteristics. 2. Derive the transfer function for the field controlled d.c. servomotor with neat sketch. 3. Draw the signal flow graph for the system of equations given below and obtain the overall
transfer function using mason’s rule X2 = X1 + X6
X3 = G1 X1 + H 2X4 + H 3 X5
X4 = G2 X3 + H4 G6
X5 = G5X4
X6 = G4 X5
4. In a unity feedback control system the open loop transfer function G(s) = 10 / s (s+1). Find the time response of the system
a) Find the time constant and % overshoot for a unit step input.
b) To reduce the % overshoot by 50% it is proposed to add a tachometer feedback 100p. Find the
tachometer feedback gain to be used.
5. Consider the closed -loop system given by C(s) / R(s) =wn2 / s2 + 2 ξ wns + wn
2
Determine the values of ξ and wnso that the system responds to a step input with
Approximately 5% overshoot and with a settling time of 2 sec. (Use 2% criterion).
UNIT –III STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN:The Concept of stability – Routh Stability Criterion – Qualitative
stability and conditional stability.
Root Locus Technique:
The root locus concept – construction of root loci – effects of adding poles and Zeros to G(s) H(s) on the
root loci.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing UNIT III the student will be able to
Explain the concepts of stability Solve problems on Routh Hurwitz stability criterion Solve problems on Conditional stability Construct Root Locus Solve problems on root locus
LECTURE SCHEDULE
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of
Teaching
1. Concepts of stability – definition, location of roots of
5. Root locus techniques- introduction 6thhour PPT, chalk &
board
6. Angle condition, magnitude condition, Graphical method of
determining K
7thhour PPT, Chalk &
board
7 Rules for construction of root locus, examples given 8th&
9thhour
PPT, Chalk &
board
8 Problems solved on root locus techniques 10th ,11th&
12thhour
Chalk & board
9 Tutorial Problems 13thhour Chalk & board
Total:13 ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT III
1) a) Explain the concepts of Stability of a control system and explain a method to determine the stability of dynamical system. b) A unity feedback control system is characterized by the open loop transfer function
G(s) = K (s+13) / s(s+3) (s+7)
i) Using the Routh’s criterion determine the range of values of K for the system to be stable
ii) Check for K=1 all the roots of the characteristic equation of above system have damping
factor
UNIT –IVSYLLABUS
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS& STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN: Introduction,
Frequency domain specifications- Bode Diagrams, Determination of Frequency domain specifications
and transfer function from the Bode diagram- Phase margin and Gain margin – Stability analysis from
Bode Plots.
Polar Plots, Nyquist Plots and applications of Nyquist criterion to find the stability – Effects of adding
Poles and Zeros to G(s)H(s) on the shape of the Nyquist Diagrams.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing UNIT IV the student will be able to
Determine Frequency Response Draw Bode plot Calculate Gain Margin , Phase Margin from Bode Plot Determine stability from Bode Plot. Draw and analyze Polar Plot. Determine Gain margin and Phase margin. Determine the stability by Nyquist Criterion. Solve problems on Nyquist Criterion.
LECTURE SCHEDULE
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of
Teaching
1. Frequency domain Specifications 1sthour PPT, chalk &
board
2. Bode plot: Gain margin, Phase margin Magnitude plot, Phase
plot, problems worked out
2nd&
3rdhour
PPT, chalk &
board
3. Stability analysis from Bode plots, problems solved 4th&
5. Problems solved on Polar plot 7thhour PPT, chalk &
board
6. Nyquist plots ,Nyquist criterion to find the stability 8thhour PPT, Chalk &
board
7 Problems on Nyquist plot, Effects of adding poles and zeros to 9th& PPT, Chalk
G(s) H(s) on the shape of the Nyquist dia. 10thhour &board
8 Tutorial Problems 11thhour Chalk & board
Total: 11
ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT _ IV 1)a) Explain a frequency domain specifications.
b) Sketch the Bode plot for the Transfer function G(s) = Ke-0.5s / s (2+s) (1+0.3s),’K’ stands for the
cross over frequency wcf to be 5 rad/sec.
2) Sketch the Bode plot for a unity feedback system characterized by the open loop transfer function
G(s) =K (1+0.2s)(1+0.025s) / s2(1+0.001s)(1+0.005s). Show that the system is conditionally stable. Find
the range of K for which the system is stable.
3) a) Explain Nyquist Stability criterion.
b) A unity feedback control system has an open loop transfer function given by
G(s) H(s) =100 / (s+5) (s+2). Draw the Nyquist diagram and determine its stability.
4) Draw theNyquist plot for the open loop system G(s) = K(s+3) / s(s+1) and find itsstability. Also find
the phase margin and gain margin.
UNIT-V SYLLABUS
CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES:Compensation Techniques – lag, lead, lead-lag controllers
design in frequency Domain,PID Controllers.
STATE SPACE ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS: Concepts of state, state variables and state model,
derivation of state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization. Solving the Time invariant state
Equations.State Transition Matrix and its properties.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing UNIT V the student will be able to
Explain compensation techniques Explain lag controllers design in frequency domain. Explain lead controllers design in frequency domain. Explain lead – lag controllers design in frequency domain. Explain about PID controllers. Construct the state variable model for a system characterized by differential equation. Obtain state equation and output equation of an electric network. Obtain state space model for a system.
Explain properties and significance of state transition matrix.
LECTURE SCHEDULE
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of
Teaching
1. Introduction and preliminary design considerations 1sthour PPT, chalk &
board
2. Lead compensation & Lag compensation 2nd&
3rdhour
PPT, chalk &
board
3. Lead - Lag compensation based on frequency response
approach.
4thhour chalk & board
4. Problems related to the topic solved 5thhour chalk & board
5. Concepts of state, state variables and state model. Model of a
given electrical network
6thhour PPT, chalk &
board
6. State diagram representation, to obtain state model from a
given transfer function. Problems solved
7thhour PPT, Chalk &
board
7 Diagonalisation, solving the time invariant state equations 8thhour PPT, Chalk &
board
8. State transition matrix, Observability and controllability 9th&
10thhour
Chalk & board
9 Tutorial Problems 11thhour Chalk & board
Total: 11 ASSIGNMENT OFUNIT V
1) Write short notes on lead, lag, lead-lag compensation networks. 2) Explain properties of state transition matrix. 3) Consider the transfer function Y(s) / U(s) = (2s2+ s + 5) / (s3 + 6s2 + 11s + 4)
Obtain the state equation by direct decomposition method and also find state transition
matrix
TEXT BOOKS 1. Control Systems Engineering by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International (P)
Limited, Publishers, 2nd edition. 2. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition by B. C. Kuo 2003– John wiley and sons.
REFERENCES 1. Modern Control Engineering by Katsuhiko Ogata, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition,
1998. 2. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1998. 3. Control Systems Engineering. By NISE, John wiley, 3rd Edition. 4. Modeling and Control Of Dynamic Systems by Narciso F. Macia GeorgeJ.Thaler, Thomson
Publishers. 5. Modern control system theory by M.Gopal, New age international publishers, Revised second
No. of Mid examinations: Two, each evaluated for 25 marks
Pattern of examination: Part-A: - 4 Marks (4X1 Marks) Compulsory
6 Marks (3X2 Marks) Compulsory
Part-B:- 15 Marks (3X5 Marks) 3 out of 4 Questions
Finalization of Mid for 25 Marks: 80% from the best performed mid examination and 20% from the otherMid examination. Assignmenttest for 5 marks: Two assignments for 5 marks each and average of two, will be taken for finalization of assignment marks
External Evaluation: 70 Marks
Question paper Pattern : Part A:- 30 Marks Compulsory
5 X 1 Marks = 5 Marks (One question from each unit)
5 X 2 Marks = 10 Marks (One question from each unit)
5 X 3 Marks = 15 Marks (One question from each unit)
Part B:- 10x4 = 40 Marks (4 out of 6 questions) (At least one question from each unit)
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY BACHUPALLY, HYDERABAD-90 ( AUTONOMOUS)
III Year I sem B.Tech. EXTERNAL EXAMINATION
(Common for EIE, ECE &EEE) Subject: Control Systems Max Marks: 70 Duration: 3Hrs
PART A: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS I. 5x1=5M
a) What are the two types of mechanical system?
b) Which feedback is employed in Control System?
c) Name the standard test signals used in control system?
d) What aretime domain specifications needed to design a control system?
e) Define stability?
2. 5x2=10 M
a) Distinguish between Open loop and closed loop system?
b) What is non minimum phase transfer function
c) State Nyquist stability criteria
d) What are the properties of STM
e) What is compensation? What are the different types of compensators?
3. 5X3=15 M
a) Define type and order of a control system and hence find the type and order of the following
systems?
i.
b) Derive the standard transfer function of a second order system by taking an R-L-C series
circuit
c) Briefly explain the terms used in Signal flow graph
d) Write notes on Field controlled d.c. servomotor. e) Using Routh’s Stability criterion, ascertain stability
PART B IV. Answer any 4 Questions 10x4 = 40 Marks
1. Draw the Bode Plot for a system having G(s) = 100_____ s(1+0.5s)(1+0.1s) H(s) = 1.
Determine: i. Gain cross over frequency and corresponding phase margin. ii. Phase cross over frequency and corresponding gain margin. iii. Stability of the closed loop system.
2. For the mechanical system Figure 1a given, write down the differential equations of motion
and hence determine the Y2(s)/F(s)
3. Give the matrix A =
Write the characteristic equation and obtain the Eigen values. Also obtain the diagonal
matrix.
4. Explain the different steps to be followed for the design of lead compensator using
Bode plot.
5. A linear time invariant system is denoted by the differential equation
D3 y + 3 D2 y +3 D y + y = U where D = dy / dt
Write the State Model equation of the system.
6. The open loop T.F. of a control system is given by G(s).H(s) =_ K___
s(s+6)
Sketch the root locus plot
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
III B. Tech, I Semester (EIE)
Subject : DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Subject Code : 13ECE010
Academic Year : 2016 - 2017
Number of working days : 90
Number of Hours per week : 4 + 1
Total number of periods planned : 68
Name of the Faculty Member : C. V. RAMBABU
Course Objectives:
Identify the discrete time signals and systems and Explain their characteristics
Analyze and process signals using various transform techniques
Apply various concepts in the design of digital filters
Explain the effects of finite word length implementation
Course Outcomes (COs): Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
CO – 1: Define and Process signals in the discrete domain, Perform statistical analysis and
inferences on various types of signals.
CO – 2: Design Filters to suit specific requirements for specific applications
CO – 3: Design the systems that allows Multi Rate Signal processing
CO – 4: Analyze binary fixed point and floating point representation of numbers and
arithmetic operations.
UNIT – I
Syllabus:
Introduction: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing. Applications of Z-Transforms: Solution
of Linear constant coefficient difference equations, Block diagram representation of LCCD
equations. System function, Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals and
systems.
Discrete Fourier series: DFS representation of periodic sequences, Relation between Z-
transform and DFS.
Learning objectives
After completion of the unit, students will be able to:
Understand the processing of digital signals
Classify different types of signals. Describe the manipulation on signals
Solve numerals on classification of signals
Compare Digital and Analog signal processors. Describe different types of systems
Solve numerals on systems. Compare continuous and discrete systems
Describe impulse response of LTI system. List the properties of convolution. Solve
the numerals on convolution
Describe Linear constant coefficient difference equations. Draw frequency response
of a LTI system.
Solve numerals on LCCDE using Z-Transforms and frequency response of a LTI
system
Describe DFS and properties of DFS and prove them.
Solve numerals on DFS
Lecture plan
S.No
.
Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching
1. Introduction to Digital signal processing 01
1st hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
2. Classification of signals, Representation of signals,
Manipulations on signals
01
2nd
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
3. Numerals on signal classification 01
3rd
hour
Chalk & Board
4. Block diagram of digital signal processor, analog
signal processor and Classification of systems, i.e.
Static, Dynamic, Time variant and invariant, causal
and non-causal systems
02
4th
& 5th
hour
Chalk & Board
5. Numerals, comparison between continuous and
discrete systems
02
6th
&7th
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
6. Impulse response of LTI systems, convolution sum,
properties of convolution and Numerals.
01
8th
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT +
Video
7. Solution of linear constant coefficient difference
equations, frequency response of a LTI system
01
9th
hour
Chalk & Board
8. Numerals on LCCDE and frequency response of a
LTI system.
01
10th
hour
Chalk & Board
9. DFS, Properties of DFS and proofs for all 01 Chalk & Board
properties 11th
hour
10. Numerals using Analysis and Synthesis equations 01
12th
hour
Chalk & Board
Total no of classes 12
Assignment – I
1) Test the following system for linearity, causality, static and shift invariance.
𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛) − 𝑥(−𝑛 − 2) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 1)
2) Determine the response of the discrete time system governed by the following difference
Realization of IIR Filters: Direct, Canonic, Cascade, Parallel, Lattice and Ladder forms.
Learning objectives
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
Describe various types of filters. Compare analog and digital filters.
Design the Digital Filters from analog filters. Design of Butterworth filters. Solve
problems on Designing of Analog filters
Design the Chebyshev filter. Solve problems on Designing of Analog Filters using
Chebyshev approximation
Compare Butterworth and Chebyshev filters. Describe Analog – Analog and Digital –
Digital frequency transformations.
Design the IIR filters from Analog filters using Impulse invariant transformation(IIT).
List Drawbacks of IIT
Solve Problems using IIM
Describe Bi-Linear Transformation Technique (BLT)
Define the concept of Prewarping and describe Step Invariant technique
Solve Problems using BLT
Solve Problems using Step – Invariant Technique
Realize the Digital IIR filters and solve problems
Lecture plan:
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching
1. Filter types, comparison between
digital verses analog filters
01
27th
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT + Video
2. Analog low pass Butterworth filter
(derivations to calculate order of the
filter and poles)
01
28th
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
3. Numerals on BW LPF, cutoff
frequency derivation
01
29th
hour
Chalk & Board
4. Analog low pass Chebyshev filters
for type I & II (order and poles) and
numerals
02
30th
& 31st
hour
Chalk & Board
5. Comparison between Butterworth
filter and Chebyshev filter, Analog
to Analog frequency transformation,
numerals
01
32nd
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
6. Design of IIR filters from analog
filters using IIT, BLT and Step
invariant transformation
01
33rd
hour
Chalk & Board
7. IIT explanation, drawbacks of IIT,
design steps of IIT and numerals
01
34th
hour
Chalk & Board
8. Design of IIR using BLT and step
invariant methods
02
35th
& 36th
hour
Chalk & Board
9. Realization methods of IIR filters
and Problems
03
37th
, 38th
&
39th
hour
Chalk & Board
Total no of classes 13
Assignment – III
1) Determine the Canonic and Parallel realization of the following LTI system
𝐻(𝑧) = (𝑧3− 8𝑧2+13𝑧−5)
(𝑧−0.75)(𝑧2+𝑧−0.25)
2) Design a Butterworth digital IIR low pass filter using bilinear transformation by taking T
= 0.3 sec, to satisfy the following specifications.
0.45 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒𝑗𝜔)| ≤ 1.0 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.675𝜋
|𝐻(𝑒𝑗𝜔)| ≤ 0.15 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0.8𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋
Draw direct form II structure of the filter. Verify the design by sketching the frequency
response.
3) Convert the following analog filter with transfer function
20.1( )
0.2 9SH S
S
into a digital IIR filter by using bilinear transformation method. The digital IIR filter is
having a resonant frequency of 2rW
4) Design a digital IIR low pass filter with pass band edge at 1KHz and stop band edge at
1.5KHz for a sampling frequency of 5KHz. The filter is to have a pass band ripple of
0.5 db and stop band ripple below 30 db. Design Butter worth filter using both impulse
invariant and bilinear transformations.
5) a) Design a digital filter that will pass a 1 Hz signal with attenuation less than 2 db
and suppress 4 Hz signal down to at least 42 db from the magnitude of the 1 Hz signal.
b) What are the limitations of Impulse invariance method?
UNIT – IV
Syllabus:
FIR Digital Filters: Characteristics of linear phase FIR filters and its frequency response.
Comparison of IIR and FIR filters.
Design of FIR filters: Fourier Method, Frequency Sampling method and windowing methods:
Rectangular window, Hanning window, Hamming window, Bartlett window and Kaiser window.
Realization of FIR Filters: Direct form, cascade realization and Linear phase Realization.
Learning objectives
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to
Define FIR Filters. Compare FIR and IIR Filters
Design the Linear phase FIR filters
Analyze frequency response of linear phase FIR filters with Impulse response having
even and odd symmetries
Locate zeros of the linear phase FIR filters. Realize FIR using cascade and Linear phase
Design the FIR filters using Fourier series method. Solve problems using FS method
Design the FIR filters using windows. Compare the various window functions
Solve problems using window technique
Realize the FIR filters
Lecture plan
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching
1 Comparison between FIR and IIR filters.
Linear phase FIR filters (i) for constant
phase/group delays and (ii) for constant
group delay and variable phase delay
01
40th
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT + Video
2 Frequency response of linear phase FIR
filters with impulse response having even
and odd symmetries
01
41st hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
3 Location of the zeros of linear phase FIR
filters
01
42nd
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
4 Design of FIR filters using Fourier series
method and Window Techniques and
numerals
05
43rd
, 44th
,
45th
, 46th
&
47th
hour
Chalk & Board + PPT
5 Realization of FIR systems and Problems
on realization
02
48th
& 49th
hour
Chalk & Board
Total no of classes 10
Assignment – IV
1) a) Design a linear phase FIR high pass filter using rectangular window, with a cutoff
frequency, 𝜔𝑐 = 0.48𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒⁄ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 = 5
b) Compare the Rectangular window and Hanning window.
2) a) Design a low pass filter using rectangular window by taking samples of ( )n
and with a cut – off frequency of 1.2 radians/sec.
b) Compare the various window functions.
3) What are the possible types of impulse response for linear phase FIR filters?
4) Design a low pass filter using Fourier series method using rectangular window for
5 taps only, if the folding frequency is 5 KHz and corner frequencies are 1 and 3 Khz.
5) List the merits and demerits of FIR filter.
UNIT – V
Syllabus:
Multirate Digital Signal Processing: Introduction, Down sampling, Decimation, Up sampling,
Interpolation, sampling rate conversion, Implementation of sampling rate conversion,
Applications of Multirate Signal Processing.
Finite Word Length Effects: Limit cycles, Overflow oscillations, Round-off noise in IIR digital
filters , Computational output round off noise, Methods to prevent overflow, Tradeoff between
round off and overflow noise, Measurement of coefficient quantization effects through pole-zero
movement, Dead band effects.
Learning Objectives :
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
Explain multi rate signal processing and applications
Advantage and disadvantage of multi rate digital signal processing.
Advantage and disadvantage of decimation
How to use Decimator with examples.
Analyze the Interpolation advantages and disadvantages.
Define the applications of Decimator and interpolator
Analyze Sampling rate conversion & oversampling.
Compare Sampling rate conversion with examples.
Design the different types of filters for sampling rate conversion with examples.
Understand the Finite word length effects
Define and analyze the Limit Cycles, Overflow Oscillations
Analyze the Round off noise in IIR Digital filters
Analyze the Overflow noise
Understand the Quantization effects
Understand the Dead band effects
Lecture plan
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching
1. Introduction of multirate signal processing and
applications
02
50th
& 51st
hour
Chalk & Board +
PPT + Video
2. Decimation and Interpolation. Advantages and
Disadvantages
02
52nd
& 53rd
hour
Chalk & Board +
PPT + Video
3. Sampling rate conversion and applications. Advantages
and disadvantages
01
54th
hour
Chalk & Board +
PPT
4. Different filter design techniques for sampling rate 02 Chalk & Board +
conversion 55th
& 56th
hour
PPT
5. Introduction to Finite word length effects 01
57th
hour
Chalk & Board +
PPT
6. Limit Cycles, Overflow oscillations and examples 01
58th
hour
Chalk & Board +
PPT
7. Round off noise in IIR Digital Filters 01
59th
hour
Chalk & Board +
PPT
8. Computation of output round off noise, problems 01
60th
hour
Chalk & Board
9. Methods for prevention of overflow, Tradeoff between
round off and overflow noise
02
61st & 62
nd
hour
Chalk & Board
10. Quantization effects, Dead band effects 02
63rd
& 64th
hour
Chalk & Board
11. Problems 03
65th
, 66th
&
67th
hour
Chalk & Board
12. Tutorial 01
68th
hour
Chalk & Board
Total no of classes 19
Assignment – V
1) a) Discuss the multistage implementation of sampling rate conversion
b) Write the applications of multi rate signal processing
2) Determine the output round off noise power in the direct form realization of the following
system 𝐻(𝑧) = 1
(1−0.18𝑧−1)(1−0.34𝑧−1)(1−0.42𝑧−1)
a. When the products are rounded to 4 – bits (including sign bit)
b. When the products are rounded to 7 – bits (including sign bit)
3) Discuss the effect of coefficient quantization on pole locations of the following IIR
system, when it is realized in direct form-I and in cascade form. Assume a word length of
5 bits through truncation.
4) Explain the limit cycles in recursive systems in detail.
5) Explain the concept of product quantization error, in detail, with an example.
Practice: Subject practice through LabVIEW software.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications – John G.Proakis,
D.G.Manolakis, 4th Edition, Perason/PHI, 2009.
2. Digital Signal Processing – A Pratical Approach – Emmanuel C.Ifeacher, Barrie. W.
Jervis, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2009.
REFERENCES
1. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A.V.Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI, 2009
2. Digital Signal Processing- Fundamentals and Applications – Li Tan, Elsevier, 2008.
3. Fundamentals of Digital signal Processing using MatLab- Robert J.Schilling, Sandra
L.Harris,Thomson , 2007.
4. Digital Signal Processing – S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, C.Gnanapriya,TMH, 2009.
5. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing - Loney Ludeman, John Wiley,2009.
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF EIE
III B. Tech, Semester I
Subject : LDICA
Subject Code :
Academic Year : 2016 – 17
Number of working days : 90
Number of Hours / week : 5
Total number of periods planned: 60
Name of the Faculty Member: A.Pavani Lakshmi
III Year B. Tech EIE – I Sem L T/P/D C
4 1 4
Linear and Digital IC Applications
UNIT – I
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Classification, chip size and circuit complexity, basic information of Opamp, ideal
and practical Op-amp, internal circuits, Op-amp characteristics, DC and AC characteristics,741 op-amp
and its features, modes of operation-inverting, non-inverting, differential.
OP-AMP APPLICATIONS : Basic application of Op-amp, instrumentation amplifier, ac amplifier, V to I and
I to V converters, sample & hold circuits, Log and antilog amplifiers, Precision rectifiers, Differentiators,
Integrators and Comparators.
Learning Objectives:
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
Describe what an Opamp is.
Describe general circuit of an Opamp and its classification
Describe the difference between ideal and practical Opamp.
DescribeOpampDC and AC characteristics.
Describe features of 741 Opamp.
DescribeOpamp as inverting, noninverting and differential amplifier.
Describe basic applications of Opamp.
Describe and analyze Opamp as instrumentation amplifier, ac amplifier, V to I and I to V Converters sample & hold circuits, Log and antilog amplifiers, Precision rectifiers,
Differentiators , Integrators and Comparators.
Lecture plan :
S.No. Description of Topic No. of
Hrs.
Method of
Teaching
1. Introduction to integrated circuits and Opamp. 1 PPT+Video
2. Classification of Opamps.
2 PPT+Video
3. Classification of Opamp continued. 1 PPT
4. Characteristics and difference between ideal and practical
Opamp.
1 PPT
5. Op Amp DC and AC characteristics.741 Opamp and its
features.Opamp in invertingnoninverting and differential mode
of operation.
2 PPT, chalk & board
6. Basic application of Opamp.
Opamp as instrumentation amplifier, ac amplifier.
Opamp as V to I and I to V converters.
Opamp as sample & hold circuits,
1 PPT, Chalk & board
7 Opamp as Differentiators and Integrators.
Opamp as Comparators, Schmitt trigger.
Log and antilog amplifier
Precision rectifiers
2 PPT, Chalk & board
8 Tutorial 1 Chalk & board
Total = 11
UNIT – II
ACTIVE FILTERS &OSCILLATORS:
Introduction, 1st order LPF, HPF filters. Band pass, Bandreject and all pass filters. Oscillator types and
principle of operation – RC, Wien and quadrature type,waveform generators – triangular, sawtooth,
square wave and VCO.
Learning objectives:
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
Describe frequency response of LPF, HPF filters. Band pass, Bandreject and all pass filters.
Apply to a filter the procedure for frequency scaling
Describe RC, Wien and quadrature type oscillators.
3 Personal & Business Ethics, Law 1 Video, Presentation
4 Moral issues, dilemmas, autonomy, theories 2 Think-Pair-Share
5 Right action, self-interest, consensus, controversy 1 Think-Pair-Share
6 Professions, professionalism, Engineering as profession 1 Video, Presentation
7 Core qualities of professionals, professional societies and
institutions
1 Video, Presentation
6 Customs and religion, ethical theories, pluralistic society 1 Video, Presentation
7 Environmental impact, economy, capital labour, price levels,
fiscal and tax policies, customers, technology
1 Lecture, Presentation/
Video, GIL
8 Review: Real-life examples and Case Studies 1 Think-Pair-Share
Total Class Hours 11
UNIT III: ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION
Engineering as Social Experimentation – Comparison with Standard Experiments
Knowledge Gained Conscientiousness, Relevant Information, Learning from the Past
Engineers as managers, Consultants, and Leaders, Accountability, Engineers as Responsible
Experimenters
Codes of Ethics – A Balanced Outlook on Law
Engineers and Managers – Organizational complaint procedures – Government agencies Resolving
Employee concerns – Limits on acceptable behaviour in large corporations – Ethical and legal
considerations, Organizational responses to offensive behaviour and harassment
Learning Outcomes:
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
appreciate engineering as a specialized profession as a combination of management, consultation, and leadership
understand the various policies and procedures established by government and corporate establishments in order to protect individual interests, ethics, and values
understand engineering as an experimentation and learning from the previously obtained knowledge
Lecture Plan:
# Description of Topic No. of
Classes Method of Teaching
1 Engineering as social experimentation 2 Video, Presentation
2 Conscientiousness, learning from the past 1 Video, Presentation
3 Engineers as managers, consultants, and leaders 2 Video, Presentation
4 Engineers as experimenters, accountability 1 Video, Presentation
5 Code of ethics, law 1 Presentations/Videos
6
Complaint procedures, acceptable behaviour in corporate
world, response to offensive behaviour
Government’s role in resolving employee concerns
1 Videos, Presentations
7 Ethical and legal considerations 1 Video, Presentation
8 Review: Real-life examples and Case studies 1 Think-Pair-Share
Total Class Hours 11
UNIT IV: WORKPLACE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Professional Responsibility: The basis and scope of Professional Responsibility –
Professions and Norms of Professional Conduct – Ethical Standards versus Profession – Culpable
mistakes – Autonomy of professions and codes of ethics – Employee status and Professionalism –
Central Professional Responsibilities of Engineers: Emerging consensus on the Responsibility for safety
among engineers
Hazards and Risks: Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis and reducing
risk – Ethical standards vs. Professional conduct – Collegiality and Loyalty – Respect for Authority –
Collective Bargaining – Confidentiality – Conflicts of Interest – Occupational Crime – Professional Rights
– Employee Rights – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Discrimination
Learning Outcomes:
After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:
understand the responsibility of professionals to be ethical and work within the organization for a win-win outcome
understand how engineers must work with due regards to safety and understand the risk and benefits thereof
understand crime and culpable mistakes associated with professions
appreciate the rights attributed to professionals and employees and IP
Lecture Plan:
# Description of Topic No. of
Classes Method of Teaching
1 Professional responsibility, norms and conduct 1 Video, Presentation
2 Autonomy of profession, employee status 1 Video, Presentation
3 Responsibility for safety, hazards, risk assessment, risk
benefit analysis
2 Presentations/Videos,
GIL
4 Collegiality, loyalty, respect for authority, confidentiality
3. John R. Boatright, “Ethics and the Conduct of Business”, Pearson Education, 2008 (ISBN: 978-
0205667505)
4. Edmund G. Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and Engineers”, Oxford University Press, 2008 (ISBN: 978-0195698480)
5. Gail D. Baura, “Engineering Ethics: An Industrial Perspective”, Academic Press Inc., 2006 (ISBN:
978-0120885312)
6. Joel Lefkowitz, “Ethics and Values in Industrial-Organizational Psychology”, Lawrence Erlbaum
Assoc Inc., 2003 (ISBN: 978-0805833546)
JOURNALS:
1. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, ISSN: 1063-6579 2. Journal of Human Values, ISSN: 0971-6858 3. Science, Technology & Human Values, ISSN: 0162-2439 4. The Journal of Ethics, ISSN: 1382-4554 5. Science and Engineering Ethics, ISSN: 1353-3452 6. Ethics, ISSN: 0014-1704 7. Asian Journal of Management Cases, ISSN: 0972-8201 (Available at VNRVJIET)
VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTION ENGINEERING
III B. Tech, I Semester (Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering)
Subject : Virtual Instrumentation
Subject Code :
Academic Year : 2016 – 17
Number of working days : 90
Number of Hours / week : 34+ 1
Total number of periods planned: 68
Name of the Faculty Member: K. Sudha Rani
Course Objectives:
It provides new concepts towards measurement and automation.
It gives knowledge about how to control an external measuring device by interfacing a
computer.
To become competent in data acquisition and instrument control.
It gives knowledge networking
It provides knowledge on developing different applications in Digital Image Processing.
Control system, signal processing and in simulation.
Course Outcomes (COs): Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
CO-1: Acquire knowledge on how virtual instrumentation can be applied for data acquisition and instrument control
CO-2: Identify salient traits of a virtual instrument and incorporate these traits in their projects.
CO-3: Experiment, analyze and document in the laboratory prototype measurement.
CO-4: Signal processing and in simulation systems using computer ,plug-in DAQ interface and bench level instruments.
UNIT : I
Syllabus:
VIRTUAL INSTRUMENATATION :Historical perspective, advantages ,block diagram and Architecture of a
virtual instrument, data flow techniques, graphical programming in data flow, comparison with
conventional programming, development of virtual instrument using GUI , real time systems ,embedded
controller , OPC,SCADA SOFTWARE,ACTIVE X –Programming.
Learning Objectives: 1. Write down the advantages of VIRTUAL INSTRUMENATATION.
2. Draw the block diagram of VIRTUAL INSTRUMENATATION and explain Architecture of a virtual
instrument.
3. Explain the data flow techniques?
4. Explain the graphical programming in data flow?
5. Develop a virtual instrument using GUI?
6. What is embedded controller?
7. What is SCADA software?
8. What is ACTIVE X –Programming? And explain?
Lecture Plan
S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching