School of VLSI Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Proposed Course Structure for Two-Year M. Tech (VLSI Design) Program Course Structure Semester 1 No Paper Sub. Code Subject Name Credit Hours Total Marks Type 1 Paper I VL5101 Semiconductor Devices and Modelling 4 100 Dep. Core 2 Paper II VL5102 Analog VLSI Circuits 3 100 Dep. Core 3 Paper III VL5103 Digital VLSI Circuits 3 100 Dep. Core 4 Paper IV VL512X * At least two will be offered 3 100 Dep. Elective 5 Paper V VL516X ** One will be offered 3 100 Open Elective 6 Lab I VL5171 Semiconductor Devices and Modelling Lab 2 100 Lab I /Dep. Core- Paper I 7 Lab II VL5172 Analog VLSI Circuits Lab 2 100 Lab II /Dep. Core- Paper II 8 Lab III VL5173 Digital VLSI Circuits Lab 2 100 Lab III /Dep. Core- Paper III Total 22 800 A. Departmental Elective 1. Advanced Systems Architecture 2. Embedded Systems and IOT 3. Nano and Molecular Electronics 4. Hardware Security 5. VLSI Interconnects B. Open Elective 1. MEMS and Microsystems 2. Quantum Computing 3. Logic Synthesis and Verification
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VLSI Syllabus 2019 Final course structure and syllabus ...
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School of VLSI Technology
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur
Proposed Course Structure for Two-Year M. Tech (VLSI Design) Program
CourseStructure
Semester 1
No Paper Sub. Code
Subject Name Credit Hours
Total Marks
Type
1 Paper I VL5101 Semiconductor Devices and Modelling
4 100 Dep. Core
2 Paper II VL5102 Analog VLSI Circuits 3 100 Dep. Core 3 Paper III VL5103 Digital VLSI Circuits 3 100 Dep. Core 4 Paper IV VL512X * At least two will be offered 3 100 Dep. Elective 5 Paper V VL516X ** One will be offered 3 100 Open Elective 6 Lab I VL5171
1 Paper VI VL5201 VLSI Physical Design 3 100 Dep. Core 2 Paper VII VL5202 IC Technology 3 100 Dep. Core 3 Paper VIII VL5203 Testing and Verification 4 100 Dep. Core 4 Paper IX VL522X *at least two will be offered 3 100 Dep. Elective 5 Paper X VL526X **One will be offered 3 100 Open Elective 7 Project VL5291 M.Tech Thesis –Part 1
1.Overview of von Neumann architecture: CISC and RISC processors,Instruction set architecture; Architecture, Measuring and reportingperformance,DataPathDesign.
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2.Pipelining: Basic concepts of pipelining, data hazards, control hazards,and structural hazards; Techniques for overcoming or reducing theeffectsofvarioushazards.
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3.
Hierarchical Memory Technology: Inclusion, Coherence and localityproperties;Cachememoryorganizations,Techniquesforreducingcachemisses; Virtual memory organization, mapping and managementtechniques,memoryreplacementpolicies.
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Instruction‐level parallelism: Concepts of instruction‐level parallelism(ILP), Techniques for increasing ILP; Superscalar, superpipelined andVLIW processor architectures; Vector and symbolic processors; Casestudiesofcontemporarymicroprocessors.
Molecular Electronics: Need of molecular electronics and atoms‐upapproach;Strategiesofelectronicdevelopment;Molecularbondingandhybridization; Molecules as electronic devices; Carbon molecules &electronics; Pentacene; Transport in molecular electronics; Graphenedevices;Carbonnanotubeelectronics;CNTFET.
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Totalnumberofclasses
40
TEXTBOOKS1. C.P.PooleJr.andF.J.Owens,IntroductiontoNanotechnology,Wiley,2003.2. D.A.Neamen,SemiconductorPhysics&Devices,TMH,2003.3. AshcroftandMermin,SolidStatePhysics,ThomsonPress(India)Ltd,2003.4. G.W.Hanson,FundamentalsofNanoelectronics,Pearson,2009.5. M.C.Petty,MolecularElectronics:FromPrinciplestoPractice,Wiley,2007.REFERENCEBOOKS1. C.Kittel,Introductiontosolidstatephysics,Wiley,NewYork,1976.2. K. Iniewski,Nanoelectronics:nanowires,molecularelectronics,andnanodevices,McGraw
Preliminaries:AlgebraofFiniteFields,BasicsoftheMathematicalTheoryof Public Key Cryptography, Basics of Digital Design on Field‐programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Classification using Support VectorMachines(SVMs).
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UsefulHardwareSecurityPrimitives:CryptographicHardwareandtheirImplementation, Optimization of Cryptographic Hardware on FPGA,Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs), PUF Implementations, PUFQualityEvaluation,DesignTechniquestoIncreasePUFResponseQuality.
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Side‐channel Attacks on CryptographicHardware: Basic Idea, Current‐measurementbasedSide‐channelAttacks(CaseStudy:KochersAttackonDES), Design Techniques to Prevent Side‐channel Attacks, ImprovedSide‐channelAttackAlgorithms(TemplateAttack,etc.),CacheAttacks.
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5.TestabilityandVerificationofCryptographicHardware:Fault‐toleranceof Cryptographic Hardware, Fault Attacks, Verification of Finite‐fieldArithmeticCircuits.
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Modern ICDesignandManufacturingPracticesandTheir Implications:Hardware Intellectual Property (IP) Piracy and IC Piracy, DesignTechniquestoPreventIPandICPiracy,UsingPUFstopreventHardwarePiracy,ModelBuildingAttacks on PUFs (Case Study: SVMModeling ofArbiter PUFs, Genetic Programming basedModeling of Ring OscillatorPUF).
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Hardware Trojans: Hardware Trojan Nomenclature and OperatingModes,CountermeasuresSuchasDesignandManufacturingTechniquesto Prevent/Detect Hardware Trojans, Logic Testing and Side‐channelAnalysisbasedTechniques forTrojanDetection,TechniquestoIncreaseTestingSensitivity InfrastructureSecurity:ImpactofHardwareSecurityCompromiseonPublic Infrastructure,DefenceTechniques (CaseStudy:Smart‐GridSecurity).
Introduction to VLSI interconnects classification, Cu Interconnect,Technological trends, Interconnect scaling, Typical interconnectstructure, Electromigration phenomenon, Signal transmission oninterconnects,On‐chipInterconnects,Packagelevelinterconnections.
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Extractionof interconnectparameters,Physicsof interconnects inVLSI,physical foundations for circuit models of VLSI interconnects,Interconnect resistance, capacitance, inductance modelling, ExtendedMillereffect,Alternativesforextraction.Modellinginterconnectdrivers.LossandLosslesstransmissionlinemodel,Switch‐levelRCmodel.Tandπ network interconnect model. Effective capacitance modelling.Modellinginterconnectwires.Generalinterconnectnetwork.AnRCtree.The transfer function. Convolution of input and impulse response.Momentsofthetransferfunction.ImpulseandstepresponseofRCtree.Elmoredelay.ResponseofsingleRC.Elmoredelayof2‐stageRC.RC‐tree.Step response of lumped vs. distributedRC line. SampleRLC network.Modifiednodeanalysisequations.
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3.
Active and Passive interconnections, Multilevel and multilayerinterconnections,Propagationdelays,Crosstalkeffectsindigitalcircuits,spurious signals, crosstalk induced delay, energy dissipation due tocrosstalk,crosstalkeffectsinlogicVLSIcircuits.
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4.
Techniquesforavoidinginterconnectionnoise,noisedetectionproblem,briefintroductiontothetestingoflogiccircuits,Crosstalkconfiguration,DCnoisemargins,Crosstalk‐inducedspurioussignaldetection,Reasons for high delay uncertainty, switch factor modelling of delayuncertainty,Buffer insertion fornoise;Routing topologygeneration forspeed optimization, Width optimization based on separability/monotonicityproperties.Introductiontoemerginginterconnects(CNT,Graphene,opticalinterconnectsandsoon.)
Electrostatic actuation: study of electrostatically actuated micro‐machined cantilever beam: Free naturalmode of vibration, resonanceanalysis, static voltage response, pull in and pull out phenomenon.Dynamicresponsetotimevaryingelectrostaticactuation.
IntroductiontoQuantumComputation:Foundationsofquantumtheory.States, observables,measurement and unitary evolution.Quantum bits,Bloch sphererepresentation of a qubit, multiple qubits, Qubits versusclassicalbits,spin‐halfsystemsandphotonpolarisations.Pureandmixedstates,densitymatrices.
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Background Mathematics and Physics: Hilber space, Probabilities andmeasurements,entanglement,densityoperatorsand correlation,basicsofquantummechanics,Measurementsinbasesotherthancomputationalbasis, Extension to positive operator valued measures and super‐operators.Decoherence andmaster equations. Quantum entanglementand Bell's theorems. Introduction to classical information theory andgeneralisationtoquantuminformation.
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Quantum Circuits: single qubit gates, multiple qubit gates, design ofquantumcircuit,Reversible computation.Universalquantum logicgatesand circuits, reversible to quantum circuit mapping, Quantum Gatelibrary,Quantumcircuitdesignconstraints,Bennettembedding,NearestNeighbourproperty,LaunderEmbeddingConstraints.
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Quantum Algorithms: Classical computation on quantum computers.Relationship between quantum and classical complexity classes.Deutsch’s algorithm, Deutsch’s‐Jozsa algorithm, Shor factorization,Groversearch,Databasesearch,FFTandprimefactorization.
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5.Noise and error correction: Graph states and codes, Quantum errorcorrection,Clifford +T group, fault‐tolerant computation. Physicalimplementationsofquantumcomputers.
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Totalnumberofclasses
40
TextBooks:1. Nielsen M. A., Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University
10.High‐level Synthesis (HLS): DAG scheduling, Register allocation andbinding,Datapathandcontrollerdesign.
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11.Verification: Introduction to formal methods for verification, BDD,Introduction and construction, OBDD, Operations on OBDD, OBDD forsequentialcircuits.
1.Introduction:VLSIDesignCycle,PhysicalDesignCycle,DesignStyles,System Packaging Styles, Algorithmic complexity and optimizationproblems.
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2.Partitioning: Problem formulation, Classification of Partitioningalgorithms,Kernighan‐LinAlgorithm,SimulatedAnnealing.
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3.Floor planning: Problem formulation, Classification of floorplanning algorithms, Constraint based floor planning, Rectangulardualization.
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4.Pin Assignment: Problem formulation, Classification of pinassignmentalgorithms,Generalandchannelpinassignments. 4
5.Placement: Problem formulation, Classification of placementalgorithms,Partitioningbasedplacementalgorithms.
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6.
Global Routing and Detailed Routing: Global Routing: Problemformulation, Classification of global routing algorithms, Mazerouting algorithms; Detailed Routing: Problem formulation,Classificationofroutingalgorithms,Singlelayerroutingalgorithms.
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Physical Design Automation of FPGAs: FPGA Technologies, PhysicalDesign cycle for FPGAs, Partitioning, Routing: Routing Algorithm forthe Non‐Segmented model, Routing Algorithms for the SegmentedModel; Physical Design Automation of MCMs: Introduction to MCMTechnologies,MCMPhysicalDesignCycle.
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8.Chip Input and Output Circuits: ESD Protection, Input Circuits,Output Circuits and noise, On‐chip clock Generation andDistribution,Latch‐upanditsprevention,packaging.
Oxidation: Basic Concepts, Wet and Dry methods, MeasurementMethods: Physical, Electrical and Optical, Models and Simulation:LinearandParabolic,GrowthKinetics,EffectofTemperature,PressureandCrystalOrientation.
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5.Diffusion:DopantSolidSolubility,Fick’sLaw,Predepositionanddrive‐in, Gaussian Solution near a Surface, Measurement Methods: SIMS,SpreadingResistance,SheetResistance,andCapacitanceVoltage.
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6.Ion Implantation: Role of Crystal Structure, High‐Energy Implants,UltralowEnergy Implants, IonBeamHeating,MeasurementMethods,Models:NuclearStopping,ElectronicStopping,Damageandannealing.
2.SourcesofPowerDissipation:DynamicPowerDissipation:ShortCircuitPower, Switching Power, Gliching Power; Static Power Dissipation,DegreesofFreedom.
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3.SupplyVoltageScalingApproaches:Devicefeaturesizescaling,Multi‐VddCircuits, Voltage scaling using high‐level transformations, Dynamicvoltagescaling,PowerManagement.
1.Introduction RF and Wireless Technology: Complexity, design andapplications.ChoiceofTechnology. 2
2.Basic concepts in RF Design: Nonlinearly and Time Variance, inter‐symbol Interference, random processes and Noise. Definitions ofsensitivityanddynamicrange,conversionGainsandDistortion
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Analog and DigitalModulation for RF circuits: Comparison of varioustechniques forpower efficiency.Coherent andNon coherentdefection.Mobile RF Communication systems and basics of Multiple Accesstechniques. Receiver and Transmitter Architectures and Testingheterodyne, Homodyne, Image‐reject, Direct‐IF and sub‐sampledreceivers. Direct Conversion and two steps transmitters. BJT andMOSFET behavior at RF frequencies Modeling of the transistors andSPICEmodels.Noise performance and limitation of devices. IntegratedParasitic elements at high frequencies and their monolithicimplementation.
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4.Basic blocks inRF systems and theirVLSI implementation: LowNoiseAmplifiers design in various technologies, Design of Mixers at GHzfrequencyrange.VariousMixers,theirworkingandimplementations.
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5.Oscillators: Basic topologies VCO and definition of phase noise.Noise‐Power trade‐off. Resonator‐less VCO design. Quadrature and single‐sidebandgenerators.
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6.Radio Frequency Synthesizers: PLLS, design of integer‐NRF frequencysynthesizerandfrequencydividers.
IntroductiontotheSystemApproach:SystemArchitecture,Componentsof the system,Hardware& Software,ProcessorArchitectures,Memoryand Addressing. System level interconnection, An approach for SoCDesign,SystemArchitectureandComplexity.
Memory Design for SoC ‐ Overview of SoC externalmemory, InternalMemory, Size, Scratchpads and Cache memory, Cache Organization,Cachedata,WritePolicies,Strategies for line replacementatmiss time,TypesofCache,Split–I,andD–Caches,MultilevelCaches,Virtualtorealtranslation ,SoCMemorySystem,ModelsofSimpleProcessor–memoryinteraction.
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Interconnect Customization and Configuration: Inter ConnectArchitectures, Bus: Basic Architectures, SoC Standard Buses , AnalyticBus Models, Using the Bus model, Effects of Bus transactions andcontentiontime.SoCCustomization.
Microfluidicbiochips:IntroductiontoMicrofluidics,LabonChipdevices,Flow based and digital microfluidic biochips, Biochip actuationtechniques, Biochip application, Design Automation techniques forDMFBs, Chip level design for biochips, Paper based andMEDA basedbiochips
Memristors: Introduction toMemristor ‐Anoverview to theMemristortechnologyandnon‐VonNeumannarchitecture.Memristive‐Devices‐ Types of Memristor – RRAM, PCM, STTMRAM.UtilityofusingRRAMforin‐memorycomputationsComputationalmodels for RRAM‐ Introduction to VTEAMmodel and,Stanfordmemristor‐models.Logicdesigntechniquesusingmemristor‐IMPLY,MAGIC,MRL,MTLLogicsynthesismethodologiesinsideMemristive‐memory‐Introductiontologicsynthesistools–ABC,SIMPLEMAGIC.Future possibilities‐A huge possibility for energy efficient and,performanceefficientnon‐VonNeumannmachinesoffuture
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CNT/GNR:GrapheneBasics,IntroductiontoCarbonnanotube(CNT)andGraphene nanoribbobn, Single‐Wall (SW) and Multi‐Wall (MW) CNT,CNTbasedFETandinterconnect,Singlelayer(SL)andMultilayer(ML)GNR, GNR based FET and interconnect. Introduction to modellingtechniquesandperformanceanalysisofCNTandGNRbaseddeviceandinterconnectforhighspeedpowerawareVLSIdesign.
8.Bit level arithmetic architectures: Introduction, parallelmultipliers, bitserialmultipliers, bit serial filter design and implementation, canonicsigneddigitarithmetic,distributedarithmetic.
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RedundantArithmetic:Introduction,Redundantnumberrepresentation,carry free radix‐2 additions and subtractions, hybrid radix‐4 addition,radix‐2 hybrid redundant multiplication architecture, data formatconversion.
FPGA Design Flow: Architecture design. Project design using VerilogHardware Description Language (HDL). Defining testing methodologyandtestbenchdesign.RTLsimulation,synthesizing,implementation,gatelevel simulation of design. Reusing of internal hard modules duringdesignandimplementation.
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4.Testing Methodology: Functional and gate level testing. SDF filedescriptionandusage.
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5.FPGA Configuration: Different types of FPGA configuration files.GenerationofconfigurationfileanditsloadingintoFPGA.