International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences www.ijetmas.com December 2014, Volume 2 Issue 7, ISSN 2349-4476 196 Mohammad Irshad Begum, Dr. Pushpa Kotipalli VLSI Implementation of Spatial Modulation MIMO System for Wireless communication Networks Mohammad Irshad begum Dr. Pushpa Kotipalli M.Tech.,(VLSID) Student Professor: ECE Department, Head of ATL Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women Shri Vishnu Engineering College For Women Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh , India Abstract-- MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source and destination to send multiple parallel signals. Spatial Modulation (SM) is a transmission technique proposed MIMO systems, where only one transmit antenna is active at a time. In SM, information bits are conveyed through the index of the active transmit antenna in addition to the information bits conveyed through conventional modulation symbols. In spatial modulation, the stream of bits to be transmitted in one channel is divided into two groups. One group i.e., m- bit sequence chooses one antenna from a total of N t = 2 m antennas. A known signal is transmitted on this chosen antenna. The remaining N t -1 antennas remain silent. The second group determines the symbol to be transmitted from the chosen antenna. In this paper we present the VLSI implementation of Spatial Modulation MIMO system. The active antenna number detection algorithm called Iterative Maximal Ratio Combining (i-MRC) algorithm is presented This system is designed in VHDL language, simulated using Modelsim simulator and realized on SPARTRAN-3E FPGA Kit. Experimental results of the proposed technique shows the increased performance in terms of Accuracy. Index Terms – Spatial Modulation (SM), Multiple- input- Multiple- output (MIMO), Interchannel interference (ICI), Receiver Complexity. IEE-754 Single precision Floating point format. 1. INTRODUCTION MIMO transmits and receives two or more data streams through a single radio channel. Thereby the system can deliver two or more times the data rate per channel without additional bandwidth or transmit power. The need to improve the spectral efficiency and reliability of radio communication is driven by the ever increasing requirement for higher data rates and improved Quality of service (QOS) across wireless links. MIMO technology is one solution to attain this by transmitting multiple data streams from multiple antennas. MIMO transmission strongly depends on transmit and receive antenna spacing, transmit antenna synchronization and the reduction of interchannel interference (ICI) at the receiver input. An alternative transmission approach that entirely avoids ICI at the receiver input is used for BPSK and QPSK transmission respectively. The basic idea is to compress a block of N t symbols into a single symbol prior to transmission, where N t indicates the number of transmit antennas. Information is retained by this symbol and is mapped to one and only one of the N t antennas. The task of the receiver is twofold: First, to estimate the single symbol and second to detect the respective antenna number from which the symbol is transmitted. However this scheme suffers from a loss of Spectral efficiency. Traditional modulation techniques such as BPSK (binary phase shift keying), QPSK (Quadrature phase shift keying) etc. map a fixed number of information bits into one symbol. Each symbol represents a constellation point in the complex two dimensional signal planes. This is referred to as signal modulation. In this paper an alternative transmission approach is proposed in which this two dimensional plane is extended to a third dimension i.e., spatial dimension. This is referred as Spatial modulation. This new transmission technique will result in a very flexible mechanism which is able to achieve high spectral efficiency and very low receiver complexity. SM is a pragmatic approach for transmitting information, where the modulator uses well known modulation techniques (e.g., QPSK, BPSK), but also employs the antenna Index to convey information. Ideally, only one antenna remains active during transmission so that ICI is avoided. Spatial Modulation (SM) is a recently proposed spatial multiplexing scheme for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems without requiring extra bandwidth or extra transmission power. SM does not place any restriction on the minimum number of receive-antennas. This is particularly beneficial for mobile handsets because of the limited available space and the cost constraints for these mass market devices. All these properties and requirements make SM a very attractive MIMO scheme for many potential applications. The idea of using the transmit antenna number as an additional source of information is utilized in spatial modulation. The number of information bits that can be transmitted using
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International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences
www.ijetmas.com December 2014, Volume 2 Issue 7, ISSN 2349-4476
196 Mohammad Irshad Begum, Dr. Pushpa Kotipalli
VLSI Implementation of Spatial Modulation MIMO System
for Wireless communication Networks
Mohammad Irshad begum Dr. Pushpa Kotipalli
M.Tech.,(VLSID) Student Professor: ECE Department, Head of ATL
Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women Shri Vishnu Engineering College For Women
Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh , India
Abstract-- MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is
an antenna technology for wireless communications in
which multiple antennas are used at both the source and
destination to send multiple parallel signals. Spatial
Modulation (SM) is a transmission technique proposed
MIMO systems, where only one transmit antenna is
active at a time. In SM, information bits are conveyed
through the index of the active transmit antenna in
addition to the information bits conveyed through
conventional modulation symbols. In spatial
modulation, the stream of bits to be transmitted in one
channel is divided into two groups. One group i.e., m-
bit sequence chooses one antenna from a total of Nt =
2m antennas. A known signal is transmitted on this
chosen antenna. The remaining Nt -1 antennas remain
silent. The second group determines the symbol to be
transmitted from the chosen antenna.
In this paper we present the VLSI implementation of
Spatial Modulation MIMO system. The active antenna
number detection algorithm called Iterative Maximal
Ratio Combining (i-MRC) algorithm is presented This
system is designed in VHDL language, simulated using
Modelsim simulator and realized on SPARTRAN-3E
FPGA Kit. Experimental results of the proposed
technique shows the increased performance in terms of
Accuracy.
Index Terms – Spatial Modulation (SM), Multiple-
input- Multiple- output (MIMO), Interchannel
interference (ICI), Receiver Complexity. IEE-754
Single precision Floating point format.
1. INTRODUCTION MIMO transmits and receives two or more data streams
through a single radio channel. Thereby the system can
deliver two or more times the data rate per channel
without additional bandwidth or transmit power. The
need to improve the spectral efficiency and reliability of
radio communication is driven by the ever increasing
requirement for higher data rates and improved Quality
of service (QOS) across wireless links. MIMO
technology is one solution to attain this by transmitting
multiple data streams from multiple antennas. MIMO
transmission strongly depends on transmit and receive
antenna spacing, transmit antenna synchronization and
the reduction of interchannel interference (ICI) at the
receiver input. An alternative transmission approach
that entirely avoids ICI at the receiver input is used for
BPSK and QPSK transmission respectively. The basic
idea is to compress a block of Nt symbols into a single
symbol prior to transmission, where Nt indicates the
number of transmit antennas. Information is retained by
this
symbol and is mapped to one and only one of the Nt
antennas. The task of the receiver is twofold: First, to
estimate the single symbol and second to detect the
respective antenna number from which the symbol is
transmitted. However this scheme suffers from a loss of
Spectral efficiency. Traditional modulation techniques
such as BPSK (binary phase shift keying), QPSK
(Quadrature phase shift keying) etc. map a fixed
number of information bits into one symbol. Each
symbol represents a constellation point in the complex
two dimensional signal planes. This is referred to as
signal modulation. In this paper an alternative
transmission approach is proposed in which this two
dimensional plane is extended to a third dimension i.e.,
spatial dimension. This is referred as Spatial
modulation. This new transmission technique will result
in a very flexible mechanism which is able to achieve
high spectral efficiency and very low receiver
complexity. SM is a pragmatic approach for
transmitting information, where the modulator uses well
known modulation techniques (e.g., QPSK, BPSK), but
also employs the antenna Index to convey information.
Ideally, only one antenna remains active during
transmission so that ICI is avoided. Spatial Modulation
(SM) is a recently proposed spatial multiplexing
scheme for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)
systems without requiring extra bandwidth or extra
transmission power. SM does not place any restriction
on the minimum number of receive-antennas. This is
particularly beneficial for mobile handsets because of
the limited available space and the cost constraints for
these mass market devices. All these properties and
requirements make SM a very attractive MIMO scheme
for many potential applications. The idea of using the
transmit antenna number as an additional source of
information is utilized in spatial modulation. The
number of information bits that can be transmitted using