“¡Viva el sa lvagismo! :” The Representation of Amerindians in Argentine Satirical Newspapers duri ng the Y ear s of Na tional Organiz ation (1852–1880) Miguel Fernández 1 , Middlebury College I. Introduction The all o the Juan Manuel de Rosas dictatorship in 1852 ended years o journalistic censorship and saw a surge in t he number o newspapers and magazines being published in Argentina. The greater circulation o the press in these years was primarily due to the actious political ghts that emerged during the power vacuum. Those newspapers that had success soon operated on a wider and more independent terrain than what had been established by the political ing hting. One genre that prolierated at this time was satirical newspapers. Most o these were our pages, o which the middle two were editorial illustrations. These papers oten sided with a political party and caricaturized political characters or satirized pub- licly signicant events. The lie o these weeklies was oten ephemeral (in many cases only one issue), but some o the more successul ones had long lives; Enrique Stein’s El Mosquito, or example, lasted rom 1863 to 1893. Among the many wo nderul titles are El Arlequín (1877), El Bicho Colorado (1876 ), La Cencerrada (1855), El Fraile Satírico (1876), La Matraca (1878), El Petróleo (1875) and El Látigo (1884). These satirical newspapers were particularly concerned with pointing the hypocrisy o public gures and government policies and to expose the vices and ollies o contemporary society. As wit h many orms o satire, the most common method o target- ing the hypocrisy, vice and olly o the era was through irony, where the reader is expected to be alert to the confict bet ween the literal and the ac- tual mea nings o what is being said (Ogborn 16). This is also tr ue or visual texts. Because the writer or illustrator takes his subjects rom the world around him, an intimate connection is created between content and con- text. Knowing the social and political circumstances o when the satirical text was produced can serve as a key to unlock t he text in a number o ways and deepen our understanding o the culture o the time. The Colorado Review of Hispanic Studies | Vol. 4, Fall 2006 | pages 127–145
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