Vitamins • Vitamins are essential for life • Vitamins are needed in small amounts • Vitamins do not provide energy • Vitamins have to be supplied by foods History Purified diets of carbohydrate, protein, fat , minerals and water were not capable of normal growth “Accessory growth factors ” Casimir Funk, a Polish biochemist, isolated an antiberberi substance from rice polishings Named it vitamine An amine
Vitamins
Feb 23, 2016
Vitamins. • Vitamins are essential for life • Vitamins are needed in small amounts • Vitamins do not provide energy • Vitamins have to be supplied by foods. History Purified diets of carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals and water were not capable of normal growth - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Vitamins
bullVitamins are essential for life bullVitamins are needed in small amounts
bullVitamins do not provide energy bullVitamins have to be supplied by foods
History1048708 Purified diets of carbohydrate protein fat
minerals and water were not capable ofnormal growth
1048708 ldquoAccessory growth factorsrdquo1048708 Casimir Funk a Polish biochemist isolated anantiberberi substance from rice polishings1048708 Named it vitamine1048708 An amine1048708 Vital for life
Classification of Vitamins
Classified according to solubility mdashDetermines site in body were they function
bullBody tissues watery or fatty (oily) mdashFluids outsideinside body cells = waterbased
mdashCell membranes (layers)nerve tissues= fatty substances
bullVitamins that function in the watery areas =water-soluble vitamins
bullVitamins that function in fatty tissues= fat-soluble vitamins
Fat versus water soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins bullDissolve in fat
bullNeed fat for absorption amp transport bullCan be stored in body liver adipose tissue
Water-soluble vitamins bullDissolve in water
bullAre easily absorbed and excreted (via urine) bullAre not easily stored
Fat soluble vitamins bullVitamin A = retinol
bullVitamin D3= cholecalciferol
bullVitamin E = α-tocopherol
bullVitamin K1= phylloquinone
d
Water soluble vitamins bullB-group
mdashB1 = thiamin mdashB2 = riboflavin
mdashNiacin = nicotinamide= nicotinic acid = B3
mdashPantothenic acid = B5 mdashB6 = pyridoxine
mdashBiotin = vitamin B8 = vitamin H mdashFolic acid = folate = B11
mdashB12 = cobalamin bullVitamin C = ascorbic acid
Function bullEssential for many processes in body
bullVitamins play a role in digestion amputilization of
mdashProtein mdashFat
mdashCarbohydrates bullVitamins are components of enzymes
Some vitamins can besynthesised by body itself1048708 vitamin Abull β-carotene
mdashβ-carotene = pro-vitamin A = vitamin Aprecursor (fore-runner)
bullFrom cholesterol 1048708 vitamin D mdashIn skin under influence of sunlight
mdashDaily 5-10 minutes bullBacterial flora in GI-tract 1048708 vitamin K
Vitamin A
bullGrowth amp repair of body tissues bullBone formation
bullNormal vision bullImmune function
bullDeficiency eye diseases leading to blindness
Function of Vitamin D
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Classification of Vitamins
Classified according to solubility mdashDetermines site in body were they function
bullBody tissues watery or fatty (oily) mdashFluids outsideinside body cells = waterbased
mdashCell membranes (layers)nerve tissues= fatty substances
bullVitamins that function in the watery areas =water-soluble vitamins
bullVitamins that function in fatty tissues= fat-soluble vitamins
Fat versus water soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins bullDissolve in fat
bullNeed fat for absorption amp transport bullCan be stored in body liver adipose tissue
Water-soluble vitamins bullDissolve in water
bullAre easily absorbed and excreted (via urine) bullAre not easily stored
Fat soluble vitamins bullVitamin A = retinol
bullVitamin D3= cholecalciferol
bullVitamin E = α-tocopherol
bullVitamin K1= phylloquinone
d
Water soluble vitamins bullB-group
mdashB1 = thiamin mdashB2 = riboflavin
mdashNiacin = nicotinamide= nicotinic acid = B3
mdashPantothenic acid = B5 mdashB6 = pyridoxine
mdashBiotin = vitamin B8 = vitamin H mdashFolic acid = folate = B11
mdashB12 = cobalamin bullVitamin C = ascorbic acid
Function bullEssential for many processes in body
bullVitamins play a role in digestion amputilization of
mdashProtein mdashFat
mdashCarbohydrates bullVitamins are components of enzymes
Some vitamins can besynthesised by body itself1048708 vitamin Abull β-carotene
mdashβ-carotene = pro-vitamin A = vitamin Aprecursor (fore-runner)
bullFrom cholesterol 1048708 vitamin D mdashIn skin under influence of sunlight
mdashDaily 5-10 minutes bullBacterial flora in GI-tract 1048708 vitamin K
Vitamin A
bullGrowth amp repair of body tissues bullBone formation
bullNormal vision bullImmune function
bullDeficiency eye diseases leading to blindness
Function of Vitamin D
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Fat versus water soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins bullDissolve in fat
bullNeed fat for absorption amp transport bullCan be stored in body liver adipose tissue
Water-soluble vitamins bullDissolve in water
bullAre easily absorbed and excreted (via urine) bullAre not easily stored
Fat soluble vitamins bullVitamin A = retinol
bullVitamin D3= cholecalciferol
bullVitamin E = α-tocopherol
bullVitamin K1= phylloquinone
d
Water soluble vitamins bullB-group
mdashB1 = thiamin mdashB2 = riboflavin
mdashNiacin = nicotinamide= nicotinic acid = B3
mdashPantothenic acid = B5 mdashB6 = pyridoxine
mdashBiotin = vitamin B8 = vitamin H mdashFolic acid = folate = B11
mdashB12 = cobalamin bullVitamin C = ascorbic acid
Function bullEssential for many processes in body
bullVitamins play a role in digestion amputilization of
mdashProtein mdashFat
mdashCarbohydrates bullVitamins are components of enzymes
Some vitamins can besynthesised by body itself1048708 vitamin Abull β-carotene
mdashβ-carotene = pro-vitamin A = vitamin Aprecursor (fore-runner)
bullFrom cholesterol 1048708 vitamin D mdashIn skin under influence of sunlight
mdashDaily 5-10 minutes bullBacterial flora in GI-tract 1048708 vitamin K
Vitamin A
bullGrowth amp repair of body tissues bullBone formation
bullNormal vision bullImmune function
bullDeficiency eye diseases leading to blindness
Function of Vitamin D
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Fat soluble vitamins bullVitamin A = retinol
bullVitamin D3= cholecalciferol
bullVitamin E = α-tocopherol
bullVitamin K1= phylloquinone
d
Water soluble vitamins bullB-group
mdashB1 = thiamin mdashB2 = riboflavin
mdashNiacin = nicotinamide= nicotinic acid = B3
mdashPantothenic acid = B5 mdashB6 = pyridoxine
mdashBiotin = vitamin B8 = vitamin H mdashFolic acid = folate = B11
mdashB12 = cobalamin bullVitamin C = ascorbic acid
Function bullEssential for many processes in body
bullVitamins play a role in digestion amputilization of
mdashProtein mdashFat
mdashCarbohydrates bullVitamins are components of enzymes
Some vitamins can besynthesised by body itself1048708 vitamin Abull β-carotene
mdashβ-carotene = pro-vitamin A = vitamin Aprecursor (fore-runner)
bullFrom cholesterol 1048708 vitamin D mdashIn skin under influence of sunlight
mdashDaily 5-10 minutes bullBacterial flora in GI-tract 1048708 vitamin K
Vitamin A
bullGrowth amp repair of body tissues bullBone formation
bullNormal vision bullImmune function
bullDeficiency eye diseases leading to blindness
Function of Vitamin D
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Function bullEssential for many processes in body
bullVitamins play a role in digestion amputilization of
mdashProtein mdashFat
mdashCarbohydrates bullVitamins are components of enzymes
Some vitamins can besynthesised by body itself1048708 vitamin Abull β-carotene
mdashβ-carotene = pro-vitamin A = vitamin Aprecursor (fore-runner)
bullFrom cholesterol 1048708 vitamin D mdashIn skin under influence of sunlight
mdashDaily 5-10 minutes bullBacterial flora in GI-tract 1048708 vitamin K
Vitamin A
bullGrowth amp repair of body tissues bullBone formation
bullNormal vision bullImmune function
bullDeficiency eye diseases leading to blindness
Function of Vitamin D
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin A
bullGrowth amp repair of body tissues bullBone formation
bullNormal vision bullImmune function
bullDeficiency eye diseases leading to blindness
Function of Vitamin D
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Function of Vitamin D
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin A deficiency
1 Impaired night vision (night blindness)
2 Dried skin and mucous membranes fail to secrete mucuscausing
(aDrying and hardening of the cornea2 )Severe ndash keratomalacia (total blindness)
b) Drying and hardening of salivary glands susceptible toinfection loss of appetitec) Changes in GI tract lining causing diarrhea
β-carotene is an antioxidant which maydecrease the risk of CVD and lung cancer
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin DVitamin D
bullCa amp P absorption utilization building bonemass amp preventing bone loss
bullSkeletal integrity bullDeficiency rickets (malformation of bones)
Vitamin D raises the blood concentration of Ca by1Stimulating absorption of Ca and P from intestine
(synthesis of calcium binding protein)2Withdrawing Ca from bones into blood for use in
other parts of the body3Stimulating Ca retention by kidneys
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets (in children)Teeth Slow eruption not well formed tendency to decay
Blood Decreased Ca andor PBone Poor calcification and retarded growth deformities of
ribs enlargement of ends of long bones
Osteomalacia (in adults)BoneSoftening of bones bone fracture deformities of spineBlood Decreased Ca andor P levels
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of severalproteins needed for blood coagulation orclotting
bullDeficiency is rare could be caused byconditions that interfere with absorption offat or liver and gall bladder disease
bullDeficiency results in ldquoHemorrhagicDiseaserdquo
bullVitamin K sources ndashMade by intestinal bacteria
ndashFood sources green leafy vegetablescabbage milk liver
Prolonged use of Sulfa drugs and antibiotic usemay cause vitamin K deficiency
2-methyl-14-naphthoquinone structure
phylloquinone (vitamin K 1 ) and menaquinones (vitamin K 2 )
Menadione formerly known as vitamin K 3
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin K
IIVIIXXII
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin E
The most active form of vitamin E a-tocopherol is a 6-hydroxychroman derivative
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Vitamin E
Vitamin E acts as an ldquoantioxidantrdquo It protectsvitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids fromoxidation
bullAntioxidant compound that protects others fromoxidation by being oxidize itself
ndashOne of the most important organs where vitamin Eexerts its antioxidant effect in lungs where exposureto O2 is maximal protects RBC and cells of lungsitself
ndashVitamin E is also protective against strong oxidizingagents like ozone and nitrogen dioxide ndash airpollutants These cause peroxidation of cellmembrane lipids
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
Regulation of Vitamin C in theBody1048708 Absorption in small intestine via activetransport1048708 Uses glucose transport protein1048708 High intakes
1048708 Absorbed by simple diffusion in stomach ampsmall intestine1048708 Circulates to liver via blood1048708 Excess excreted in urineFunctions of Vitamin C1048708 Antioxidant1048708 Accepts amp donates electrons1048708 Involved in a variety of redox reactions
- Vitamins
- Classification of Vitamins
- Fat versus water soluble vitamins
- Slide 4
- Function
- Vitamin A
- Function of Vitamin D
- Vitamin A deficiency
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin K (2)
- Slide 13
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin E (2)
- Slide 16
-
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