VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELGAVI – 590010 V S M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NIPANI– 591237, KARNATAKA Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 2015-16 A Project Report On “SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL” A Dissertation work submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering In Electronics and Communication Engineering Submitted By STUDENT NAME Alpesh V. Upadhye : Sandeep A. Sankpal : Sheetal A. Shinde : Varsharani M. Bhivashe : USN 2VS12EC402 2VS12EC423 2VS12EC022 2VS12EC029 Under the Guidance of Prof. K. G. Vasedar Prof. Chetan Alatagi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering V S M Institute of Technology Nipani, Karnataka.
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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAVI – 590010
V S M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NIPANI– 591237, KARNATAKA
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
2015-16
A Project Report On
“SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL”
A Dissertation work submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Submitted By
STUDENT NAME
Alpesh V. Upadhye :
Sandeep A. Sankpal :
Sheetal A. Shinde :
Varsharani M. Bhivashe :
USN
2VS12EC402
2VS12EC423
2VS12EC022
2VS12EC029
Under the Guidance of
Prof. K. G. Vasedar
Prof. Chetan Alatagi
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
V S M Institute of Technology
Nipani, Karnataka.
VSM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NIPANI – 591237, KARNATAKA
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
2015-16
Certificate
Certified that the project work entitled
“SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL” Carried out by Alpesh.
V. Upadhye, Sandeep A. Sankpal, Sheetal A. Shinde, Varsharani M. Bhivashe bearing
USN: 2VS12EC402, 2VS12EC423, 2VS12EC022 ,2VS12EC029 bonafide students of
V S M Institute of Technology, Nipani in partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2015-16. It is
certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the Report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work
prescribed for the said Degree.
Project Guide H.O.D Principal
Prof. K. G. Vasedar
Prof. Chetan Alatagi
Prof. G. P. Kadam Dr. U. S. Hampannavar
Abstract:
A smart machine for plastic waste disposal is a system which accepts Plastic wastes
(bottles) for recycling and in return dispenses money or tickets to the operator who recycles
the waste. The reverse vending machine is equipped with a bar code reader which reads the
barcode on the bottle and collects information about the bottle to distinguish between different
kinds of bottles. It is also equipped with a weight calculator to determine the weight of the
bottles. Depending upon the quantity, weight and type the amount of reimbursement is decided
by the machine.
This invention relates in general to waste management and recycling the plastic waste
(bottles) in the environment. The littering of plastic wastes in the environment and less
willingness to recycle the plastic presents a continuing problem to environment and to all the
living beings.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We place on record and warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement, invaluable
supervision, timely suggestions and inspired guidance offered by our guide Prof. K. G.
Vasedar, Prof. Chetan Alatagi Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering V S M Institute of Technology, Nipani in bringing this project to a successful
completion.
We are grateful to Prof. G. P. Kadam, Head of the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, for permitting us to make use of the facilities available in
the department to carry out the project successfully.
We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. U. S. Hampannavar, Principal, V S M Institute
of Technology, Nipani for his support and encouragement.
We would like to extend our thanks to the teaching and non teaching staff of our
department, friends, parents and well wishers for their timely help either directly or
indirectly for the completion of project.
Finally we extend our gratefulness for all those who are directly or indirectly involved in
the successful completion of this project work.
.
Alpesh V. Upadhye
Sandeep A. Sankpal
Sheetal A. Shinde
Varsharani M. Bhivashe
“Smart machine for plaStic waSte
diSpoSal”
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
V S M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NIPANI-591237, KARNATAKA
DECLARATION
We the students, Mr. Alpesh V. Upadhye, Mr. Sandeep A. Sankpal, Miss. Sheetal A. Shinde,
Miss. Varsharani M. Bhivashe bearing USN: 2VS12ec402, 2vs12ec423, 2vs12ec022,
2vs12ec029 do hereby declare that, the project work entitled “SMART MACHINE FOR
PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL”, has been independently carried out by us under the guidance
of Mrs. K. G. Vasedar, Asst. Professor & Mr. Chetan Alatagi, Asst. Professor Dept of E&C,
VSM Institute of Technology, Nipani. This project work is submitted to Visvesvaraya
Technological University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in “Electronics and Communication” during the academic year
2015-2016 I also declare that, I have not submitted this dissertation work to other University for
the award of any degree.
Place: Nipani Signature of the Candidate
Date: Alpesh V. Upadhye (2VS12EC402)
Sandeep A. Sankpal (2VS12EC423)
Sheetal A. Shinde (2VS12EC022)
Varsharani M. Bhivashe (2VS12EC029)
CONTENTS
Chapter No Particulars
1. Introduction
2. Hardware
2.1) Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller board:
2.2)The USB host shield:
2.3) Motor driver circuit:
2.4)The L293 D motor driver IC:
2.5) The 16 x 2 character LCD display
2.6) The infrared Obstacle sensor:
2.7) The Servo motor:
2.8) The DC geared motor:
3. Software
3.1) Compile and upload the sketch to arduino board.
4. flow Chart of the project
5. 5.1) Advantages
5.2) Disadvantages
5.3) Applications
6. 6.1) Future scope
6.2) Conclusion
7. References
TABLE OF FIGURES
Fig 1 Block diagram of the project
Fig 2 Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller board
Fig 3 Pinout of Atmega 2560
Fig 4 Pin mapping of microcontroller board
Fig 5 USB host shield
Fig 6 Motor driver
Fig 7 H-Bridge circuit
Fig 8 IC L293D Pin diagram
Fig 9 16 x 2 Character LCD
Fig 10 Transmission and reception of IR signal
Fig 11 Servo motor internal structure
Fig 12 Servo motor
Fig 13 DC geared motor
Fig 14 Barcode beam
Fig 15 Flow chart of the project
SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL
Dept of E&CE .VSMIT NIPANI Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
It is known that the amount of plastic produced daily and usage of such plastic
materials is continuously harming the environment and is threat to the earth. The amount
of bottles used in today’s world is too much and the recycling of such bottles is done in
very less quantity. So to tackle such a huge problem by making the recycling procedure
easy and profitable for a common man, we came up with this idea of smart machine for
plastic waste disposal. The operation of such machine is simple as that of an ATM
machine. This is a machine equipped with an inlet to accept bottles. The inlet is opened
for the operator to place the bottle in it. After the bottle is place inside the inlet, the inlet
is closed. This is done by using an infrared sensor and a motor. Every plastic bottle
produced today has a barcode printed on it. So the smart machine for plastic waste
disposal is also equipped with a bar code reader to extract the data stored in it. This data
is processed by the Atmega2560 controller operating in this machine. So the Atmega2560
will helps this machine decide to accept the bottle for recycling or not. If the bottle is
accepted then the microcontroller will dispense the coins at the outlet. If not, the bottle is
returned to the user.
This project can be advantageous at various locations not limited to railway
stations, bus stands or shopping malls. The huge amount of plastic bottle wasted which is
dumped on these public places can be easily collected if such machines are installed at
these places.
SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL
Dept of E&CE .VSMIT NIPANI Page 2
Block Diagram:
Fig 1: Block diagram of the project.
DC motor
Driver
Microcontroller board
Arduino Mega 2560 with
USB host
Barcode sensor
DC motors to
drive the gates
COIN dispensing
mechanism powered by
servo motor
TSOP Based
Obstacle sensor
SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL
Dept of E&CE .VSMIT NIPANI Page 3
To simply the way of approaching the project the project is divided into following
phases.
1.1) Interfacing of Barcode sensor
1.2) Interfacing the actuators
1.3) Coin dispensing mechanism
1.1) Interfacing the barcode sensor: This is the most important phase of the
project as the working of entire project depends on interfacing the barcode sensor
and getting the values of barcode. Every bottle in which can be accepted as waste
by the machine has a unique barcode printed on it. When the bottle is places in
machine the barcode sensor reads the value of barcode and sends the string to
microcontroller, which process the data and takes the decision regarding the
accepting or rejecting the bottle.
1.2) Interfacing the actuators: The actuators such as DC motors and servo
motors are requires for bottle accepting mechanisms and coin dispensing
mechanisms of the project. After reading the value from the barcode, if the bottle
is acceptable, the microcontroller sends the signal to the actuator to open the gate
which accepts the bottle and also to the servo motor to actuate to dispense the
coin.
1.3) The coins dispensing mechanism: This is driven by a high precision servo
motor and is use to dispense the coins in return of bottle. This consists of a
mechanical system which is used to dispense the coins.
SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL
Dept of E&CE .VSMIT NIPANI Page 4
CHAPTER 2
HARDWARE
This project requires interfacing of different sensors and other hardware components to
make the machine accept the bottles. The following are the different hardware
components used in this project
2.1) Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller board:
Fig 2: Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller board
A microcontroller is a self-contained system with peripherals, memory and a
processor that can be used as an embedded system for processing signals. Most
programmable microcontrollers that are used today are embedded in other consumer
products or machinery including phones, peripherals, automobiles and household
appliances for computer systems. Due to that, another name for a microcontroller is
"embedded controller." Some embedded systems are more sophisticated, while others
have minimal requirements for memory and programming length and a low software
complexity. Input and output devices include solenoids, LCD displays, relays, switches
and sensors for data like humidity, temperature or light level, amongst others.
SMART MACHINE FOR PLASTIC WASTE DISPOSAL
Dept of E&CE .VSMIT NIPANI Page 5
A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer
on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable
input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM , NOR flash
or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM.
Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the
microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such
as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls,
office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing
the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and
input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more
devices and processes. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, integrating analog
components needed to control non-digital electronic systems.
Some microcontrollers may use four-bit words and operate at clock rate
frequencies as low as 4 kHz, for low power consumption (single-digit milliwatts or
microwatts). They will generally have the ability to retain functionality while waiting for
an event such as a button press or other interrupt; power consumption while sleeping
(CPU clock and most peripherals off) may be just nano-watts, making many of them well
suited for long lasting battery applications. Other microcontrollers may serve
performance-critical roles, where they may need to act more like a digital signal processor
(DSP), with higher clock speeds and power consumption.
The microcontroller used in this project is Arduino Mega consisting of Atmega
2560.
The high-performance, low-power Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller