VISUALDICTIONARY1

F09plastic's Visual Dictionary

Air Barrier Paper

A semi-permeable membrane that allows water vapor to pass through but not air or liquid water.

It is used to prevent infiltration of air into and out of the house, which can increase enegy costs, and to increase the integrity of the envelope.

Attic Ventilation: Soffit Vent

Openings in the soffits of a roof that allow airflow into the roof cavities and prevent condensation caused by the humid air from the interior of the house. Soffit vents also serve to cool the house during the summer by allowing heated air to escape the attic cavities.

Attic Ventilation: Ridge Vent

Allows even and continuous airflow into the highest portion of the attic space, in order to prevent the buildup humid air.

Attic Ventilation: Gable Vent

Gable vents aid in the ventilation off the attic by creating cross drafts in the wind that blows through the attic space cooling it down and removing water vapor.

Attic Ventilation: Roof Turbine

Turbine vents use wind to pull humid air out of the attic space. They use a mechanism that allows them to remove much more air from the attic space than a plain roof vent can.

Backhoe

A large piece of excavating equipment that consists of a two part articulated digging arm with a toothed bucket on the end, and moves on a set of tracks.

Brick Arches

Single Rowlock Brick Arch

Flat Shouldered Arch

Brick Bonds

Running Bond- alternating stretchers

Stack Bond- Bricks one on top of the other without alternating

Brick Bonds cont'd

Header Stretcher Soldier Sailor Rowlocks

Brick Sizes

Closure Standard Brick in a header (3 5/8”x 3 5/8”x 8”)

Unable to determine length or true dimensions because of height from the ground

Bulldozer

A bulldozer is a piece of equipment that moves on tracks and is fitted on the front with a large plate called a blade.

Buldozers are used for pushing large quantities of soil or gravel etc.

Cladding

Brick Wood Boards Stone (coursed ashlar)

Cladding cont'd

Wooden Shingles

Code Requirements: Bedroom Window IBC window minimums

require at least 5.7 sq ft of opening total. 34 1/4” inches wide across the opening and a 24” tall opening are required for single or double hung windows. Also it must be at least 44” above the finish floor.

My window is 49” wide and the opening is 24” tall, and thusly satisfies the opening size code. Unfortunately it is only 39” above the finish floor, which does not meet the 44” minimum

Concrete Joints: Control Joints/ Isolation Joints

Control Joints are intentionally placed linear discontinuities placed in order to control the weak points and the location of the cracks.

Isolation Joints are control joints that are located where concrete comes in contact with another material or object (e.g. the brick column). They are there in order to allow room for the expansion, contraction, and other movements of the concrete slabs.

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

CMUs are blocks of hardened concrete with or without core holes designed to be used in the same manner as bricks or stone.

CMU are typically 8” wide 8” tall and 16” long

3 courses of standard brick equal 1 CMU.

CMU cont'd

CMU comes in a variety of sizes and styles. This is 12” wide CMU.

6” wide CMU

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Split Face Block CMU Ribbed Block CMU

Doors: Panel Door (1 lite 2 panels)

Panel Stile Top rail Lock rail Bottom rail

Door: Transom

A Transom is a window that does not open and is located directly above a door in order to allow sunlight into the building.

Door: Sidelight

Sidelights are fixed windows that sit directly to the left and right of an exterior door, and provide sunlight to the interior of the building.

Electrical components

Transformer- steps down voltage of electricity coming into the house from the power lines.

Service head- the central location at which the electricity enters the house. Feeds directly into the service panel through the meter.

Meter- device that records the total amount of electricity used by a household over a certain period of time.

Electrical Components cont'd

Service Panel- The control center for electrical circuits in the house. Contains main disconnect switch and circuit breakers for different parts of the house.

Duplex Receptacle – location at which an appliance can be connected to the house circuit that contains two plug-ins.

Framing Elements

1. Anchor Bolt 2. Sill Plate

Framing Elements cont'd

3. Floor Joist 4. Subflooring

Framing Elements cont'd

5. Sole Plate 6. Stud

Framing Elements cont'd

7. Top Plate 8. Ceiling Joists

Framing Elements cont'd

9. Rafter 10. Roof decking

Framing Elements cont'd

11. Sheathing 12. Stringer

Front End Loader

A front end loader is a wheeled machine that uses two arms attached to a bucket to move material such as gravel, soil, or asphalt from the ground to a different location like a conveyor belt or dump truck.

Gypsum Board

Gypsum board is an interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces.

Gypsum Board serves as a smooth and continuous interior finish surface.

Heat Pump Compressor/Evaporator – pulls

in outside air in order to cool or heat a refrigerant which is sent to the air handling unit.

Air Handling Unit-Takes refrigerant from the compressor/evaporator and circulates it throughout the building.

An advantage to this system is the ability to rapidly heat a building with it

A chief disadvantage is all the noise that the system makes when operating

Insulation

Insulation serves to keep the integrity of a building's thermal envelope, by retaining air of a certain temperature in the interior of the building.

Batt insulation Loose Fill (in packaging) Rigid Board Foamed

Lintel

A lintel is a beam that caries the load of a wall across the opening of a door or window.

Mortar Joints

Concave Tooled joint Raked Joint (tooled as well) These joints are 3/8” wide and

due to the fact that they are both part of a veneer, the mortar is likely medium strength (N) or medium high-strength (S).

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

OSB is a building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.

Plumbing

Lavatory- drained with a 1 1/2” diameter pipe.

Water Closet- drained with a 3” diameter pipe.

Drop-In style sink Plumbing Vent Stack- Allows

air into the drainage pipes for a plumbing system

Plywood

A wood panel composed of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure

Rebar

Rebar is a shortened term for steel reinforcing bars in concrete or masonry.

This rebar is ½” in diameter and would thusly be referred to as #4 rebar.

The deformations in the surface of the rebar are to increase the friction between the rebar and the poured concrete thusly keeping the rebar fixed in place.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter – a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof.

Downspout – A vertical pipe for conducting water down from a roof to a lower level.

Splashblock – A small precast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout.

Steep Roof Materials: Underlayment

Underlayment – A layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing

The underlayment provides an extra waterproof layer between the sheathing and the roofing itself.

Steep Roof Materials: Clay Tile

Clay Roofing Tiles

Steep Roof Materials: Shingles

A small unit of waterproof material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

The shingles in theses photographs are concrete tile shingles which have been formed like clay tiles.

Steep Roof Materials: Metal Panel

Metal panel roofs are commonly made out of galvanized steel, copper, lead-coated, copper, stainless steel, terne, and terne coated stainless steel.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof Hip Roof Gambrel Roof Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge- The highest point on the roof.

Valley- The sloping intersection of two roofing planes.

Rake- The sloping edge of a roof.

Steep Roofing Terms cont'd

Eave- The level low edge of a roof.

Soffit- the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building.

Steep Roofing Terms cont'd

Fascia- The exposed vertical face of an eave.

No Fascia

Stone

Random Rubble Coursed Rubble

Stone cont'd

Random Ashlar

Vapor Retarder

A layer of material intended to obsruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly.

The vapor barrier's job is to prevent water vapor from the humid interior air from infiltrating the inside of the wall and damaging the insulation. It is typically placed on the inside of the insulation rolls for this purpose.

Weep Hole

A small opening whose purpose is to permit the drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.

Windows

Casement Window- Opens by swinging out and being operated by a crank.

Single Sash Single Hung- This window opens by a single sliding sash

Awning- Operates my rotating outward from the top of the sash.