Visions on communication com kc

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Harold Dwight Lasswell (February 13, 1902 — December 18, 1978)

• Who Says What In Which Channel To Whom With What Effect

Who Says what In which Channel To Whom With what Effect

Sender Message channel / medium Receiver Effect

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Some questions an organizational communication expert has to answer:• the organizational problem, 

• who actually influences this problem

• which individuals should be influenced in what they know, feel and do, 

• which media they use, 

• which places they visit, 

• to which people and brands they are open, 

• for what message they may be sensitive. 

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Stimulus – Response modelStimulus Response

S R

In communication:Sender message Receiver/ Stimulus / medium/ stimulus / Response/ Effect

S x R

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S : Sender; R : Receiver

x: message : medium

Shannon & Weaverhttp://www.shkaminski.com/Classes/Handouts/Communication%20Models.htm#TheShannonWeaverMathematicalModel1949

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Coding& decoding by means of a code

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An ancient telegraph : fire and water

The first recorded telegraph was built by a Greek military author named Aeneas around 350 BC.

Aeneas was frustrated by the limitations of beacon signals - you can only signal that something has happened, not what has happened. He used water to add time division - allowing different messages to be sent.

A flaming torch gave the start signal for both sender and receiver to allow the water to run out of out of identically sized vessels in which corks were floating, with rods attached.

As the water went down, so would the rods, each marked with a series of possible messages.

When the desired message aligned with the rim of the jar, the sender would signal again with the torch, and the other station to replace the bung. The receiver would then read off the message shown on the rod.

The Roman historian Polybius (ca. 200-118 BC) says this 'hydraulic telegraph' was used to send military messages from Sicily to Carthage during the First Punic War (264-241 BC).

http://www.connected-earth.com/galleries/Telecommunicationsage/Thetelegraph/Firststeps/index.htmCommunicationKnowledgeCenter

Realms of understanding (Fill 2002)

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Masculine versus feminine viewMasculine• Hunting. • Communication is sending. • Expanding the realm of influence.• The more we send, the better we communicate.• The bigger the communication budget, the better.• The sender is the dominant party.• You are the target and I shoot my knowledge on it.• I know something and I teach you. • As a result we both know what I know.  • Stimulus evokes response.• Linear vision.• Action of expanding the amount of people who agree

with me. • Action targeted on a goal; stops when goal is

reached.• Communicate to.

Feminine• Gathering. 

• Communication is making common. 

• Maintaining norms and values.

• Quality of communication counts, not quantity.

• The communication budget should be big enough to guarantee good communication.

• People are equal participants in a process.

• We all possess information, let's tell each other about it and conclude what we can do with it.

• As a result we all know more than before we met. 

• People create their own reality.

• Circular vision.

• Process of group formation. 

• Process, aimed at continuity.

• Communicate with.

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EnvironmentEnvironment

EmployeesEmployees

Manage-ment

Manage-ment

Similarities between dance and communication: (Clampitt 2005 p14)

• Communication is used for Multiple Purposes (such as: to entertain, inform, persuade, incite and seduce).

• Communication Involves the Coordination of Meanings• Communication Involves Co-Orientation• Communication Is Rule-Governed• Communicators Develop a Repertoire of Skills That May

Pass From the Level of Consciousness• Communication Can Be Viewed as a Patterned Activity

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Newcomb’s ABX-model

http://faculty.evansville.edu/dt4/301/primer301.html

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One-step flow

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Multi-step flow

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Opinion Leader

Opinion Leader

Mass Media

Communicate to / with• The word ‘communication’ has been

derived from the Latin word ‘communis’ which means ‘to make common’.

• This can be understood as:– Communicate to: I know, I tell you, and

then we both know.– Communicate with: We know things,

tell each other about it, together we create a common understanding.

: sending

: ABX

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New Media => New Vision on Communication• Old vision:

– Communication is Sending– S – “Shoot the message”

• New Vision:– Communication is sharing information– Communication is group formation– ABX– “Harmony”

♂♂

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Shoot message to target

Attract with strong brand

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Interaction

In perspective of ‘’old communication’’: hunter feels hunted.

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Harmony

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Make love, not war…

S

R

S R ; A B

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Make love, not war…

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Gerbner’s modelMan or machine:

• Journalist

• (web) camera

• etc.Source/ Transmitter

Perception of Event

M becomes Source:

• M produces Statement

• about Event

Media/ Channels:

used by M to

produce Statement

about Event

Factors that might affect fidelity

of Perception & Media:

• selection

• context

• availabilityhttp://madanmani.com.np/?p=92 CommunicationKnowledgeCenter

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Communication (according to Stappers):

S communication process

R information process

S R communication event

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Sending & Receiving;Participants in a ‘game’.

S R Sending & Receiving + feedback S R Sender = Receiver

A B Participants in a ‘game’

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