VISHA AND ITS THERAPEUTIC USES Dr.Gaurav Desai 6/6/22 1
Nov 15, 2014
Apr 8, 2023 1
VISHA AND ITS THERAPEUTIC USES
Dr.Gaurav Desai
Apr 8, 2023 2
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION• SOURCE OF VISHA• QUALITIES OF VISHA• TYPES OF VISHA• USE OF VISHA• QUALITIES OF VISHA USEFUL IN TREATMENT• INDICATIONS• CONTRAINDICATIONS• USING VISHA IN THEREPEUTICS• MODERN CONCEPTS
Apr 8, 2023 3
INTRODUCTION
• Health is Wealth• Diseases due to many factors• Role of Physician Intervention• Different types of treatments• Ultimate goal Restore health• Including use of Vishas in treatment
Apr 8, 2023 4
SOURCE OF VISHA
• Mythological story• Samudra Manthan• Emergence of a Purusha• Fierce looking• Produced great discomfort in the world• Settled on the earth as Sthavara and
Janghama visha
Apr 8, 2023 5
QUALITIES OF VISHA
sÉbÉÑ iÉϤhÉÇ Â¤ÉÇ ÌuÉMüÉÍxÉAÉvÉÑ xÉÔ¤ÉqÉçÌuÉvÉSÇ EwhÉurÉuÉÌrÉ AÌlÉSãïvrÉ UxÉ -cÉ.ÍcÉ.23/24AmÉÉÌMü
-A¹ÉÇaÉç ¾ÒûSrÉ 35/7
Apr 8, 2023 6
TYPES OF VISHA
• Sthavara:Minerals and Metals
Tamra, tuttha, Haratala, Manashila etc.Plant origin
Visha : vatsanabha etc.Upavisha: Kuchala etc.
• Janghama (Animal origin)Snakes, Insects, Spiders etc.(R.T 24)
Apr 8, 2023 7
USE OF VISHA• rÉÉãaÉÉSÌmÉ ÌuÉwÉÇ iÉϤhÉqÉѨÉqÉÇ
pÉãwÉeÉÇ pÉuÉãiÉç|pÉãwÉeÉÇ cÉÉÌmÉ SÒrÉÑï£üÇ iÉϤhÉÇ xÉÇmɱiÉã ÌuÉwÉqÉç||cÉ.xÉÔ 1/126
• ÌuÉwÉÇ pÉuÉÌiÉ mÉÏrÉÑwÉÇ qÉɧÉrÉÉ ÌuÉÌlÉrÉÉãÎeÉiÉqÉç IiÉSãuÉÉqÉɧÉrÉÉ rÉÑ£üÇ SìÓiÉÇ qÉÑwhÉÉÌiÉ ÎeÉÌuÉiÉqÉç IIU .iÉ 24/64
Apr 8, 2023 8
QUALITIES OF VISHA HELPFUL IN TREATMENT
• rÉÉãaÉuÉÉÌWû
• mÉëqÉÉÍjÉ
• ÌuÉwÉblÉ
• UxÉÉrÉlÉ
Apr 8, 2023 9
rÉÉãaÉuÉÉÌWû
rÉÉãaÉɱÉãÌaÉlÉÉã aÉÑhÉÇ uÉWûiÉÏÌiÉ rÉÉãaÉuÉÉWûÉ:|
cÉ¢ümÉÉÍhÉ( cÉ,ÍcÉ, 3/38-39)
urÉuÉÉÌrÉÇ cÉ ÌuÉMüÉÍxÉÇ cÉ xrÉÉixÉÔ¤ÉÇ NãûÌS qÉSÉuÉWûqÉç |
AÉalÉãrÉÇ eÉÏÌuÉiÉWûUÇ rÉÉãaÉuÉÉÌWû xqÉ×iÉÇ ÌuÉwÉqÉç||
vÉÉ,xÉÇ,mÉÔ 4/22-23
Helps in augmenting the actions of the constituents of formulations. (Catalyst)
Apr 8, 2023 10
Examples:
• Use of small amount of Visha in Aindra rasayana in Cha. Chi. 1/3p/25
• Use of in kakodumbara mula kwatha along with Visha in treating kushta Ash. San. 48/31
• Use of Ksheera,Draksha,kapikachu,Vacha with Visha in Nashta Shukra Ash. San. 48/31
Apr 8, 2023 11
mÉëqÉÉÍjÉ
• ÌlÉeÉuÉÏrÉãïhÉ rÉSèSìurÉÇ xÉëÉãiÉÉãprÉÉã SÉãwÉxÉÇcÉrÉqÉç|ÌlÉUxrÉÌiÉ mÉëqÉÉÍjÉ xrÉɨɱjÉÉ qÉËUcÉÇ uÉcÉÉ||
-vÉÉ,xÉÇ,mÉÔ 4/23-24.
• Removes accumulated doshas from the srotas due to its potency
Apr 8, 2023 12
Examples:
• Use of Gunja, karaveera, etc Sthavara Vishas in Sannipatodara Ash. Hru. Chi. 15/78
• Use of Sarpa Visha in Sannipatodara Ash. Hru. Chi. 15/79
• This is to carried out only with the consent of the relatives and authorities
Apr 8, 2023 13
ÌuÉwÉblÉ
• ÌuÉwÉã mÉëÌiÉÌuÉwÉÇ rÉÉãerÉÇ qÉl§ÉiÉl§ÉåUÍxÉkrÉÌiÉ|AiÉÏiÉã mÉÇcÉqÉã uÉãaÉã xÉmiÉqÉxrÉÉlÉÌiÉ¢üqÉã||mÉëpÉÉãÌlÉïuÉã± mÉërÉiÉÉã lÉåuÉ uÉÉZrÉÉrÉ MüxrÉÍcÉiÉç||
-A,xÉÇ,E.48/2• Sthavara and janghama Vishas act as
antidotes of each other• Hence can be used to counter the effects of
each other
Apr 8, 2023 14
Examples:• vsÉãwqÉiÉÑsrÉaÉÑhÉÇ mÉëÉrÉ: ÎxjÉUqÉÔkuÉïaÉqÉÇ
ÌuÉwÉqÉç|mÉëÉrÉ: ÌmɨÉaÉÑhÉårÉÑï£üqÉkÉÉãaÉÉÍqÉ cÉ eÉÇaÉqÉqÉç||aÉÑhÉåËUÌiÉ ÌuÉmÉrÉïxiÉåÌlÉïWûiÉxiÉã mÉUxmÉUqÉç||
A,xÉÇ,E.48/4
• eÉÇaÉqÉÇ xrÉÉSkÉÉãpÉÉaÉqÉÔkuÉïpÉÉaÉÇ iÉÑ qÉÔsÉeÉqÉç|iÉxqÉɬǷíÉÌuÉwÉÇ qÉÉåsÉÇ WûÎliÉ qÉÉåsÉÇ cÉ SÇ·íeÉqÉç||
cÉ.ÍcÉ.23/17
• ÌuÉwÉÇ ÌuÉwÉblÉqÉÑ£üÇ rÉiÉç mÉëpÉÉuÉxiÉ§É MüÉUhÉqÉç |
cÉ,xÉÔ, 26/69
Apr 8, 2023 15
UxÉÉrÉlÉ
sÉÉpÉÉãmÉÉrÉÉã ÌWû vÉxiÉÉlÉÉÇ UxÉÉÌSlÉÉÇ UxÉÉrÉlÉqÉç |
cÉ, ÍcÉ,1.mÉÉ 1/8
UxÉÉrÉlÉÇ cÉ iÉiÉç ¥ÉãrÉÇ rÉeeÉUÉurÉÉÍkÉlÉÉvÉlÉqÉç|rÉjÉÉÅqÉ×iÉÉ ÂSliÉÏ cÉ aÉÑaaÉÑsÉÑ¶É WûUÏiÉMüÐ ||
vÉÉ, xÉÇ mÉë, 4/13-14
Apr 8, 2023 16
Examples:
AlrÉãwuÉÌmÉ cÉ UÉãaÉãwÉÑ vÉãwÉÉãmÉÉrÉmÉËU¤ÉrÉã|
ÌuÉwÉÇ rÉÑÇeÉÏiÉÇ ÌlÉirÉÇ cÉ UxÉÉrÉlÉaÉuÉãÌwÉhÉ: ||
-A,xÉÇ,E, 48/46.
vɧÉÑ mÉërÉÑ£üÉ ÎuSwÉiÉÉã aÉUÉ²É sÉÔiÉÉpÉÑeÉÇaÉÉZÉÑaÉhÉÉeeÉUÉrÉÉ:|
AMüÉsÉqÉ×irÉÉãaÉëïWûmÉÉmqÉiÉÉã uÉÉ ÌuÉwÉÉÍvÉlÉÉã lÉÉÎxiÉ pÉrÉqÉç lÉUxrÉ||
-A,xÉÇ,E, 48/46.
Apr 8, 2023 17
INDICATIONS
• ÌuÉwÉmÉërÉÉãaÉÉWïû:bÉ×iÉÉãmÉxM×üiÉSãWûxrÉ ÌuÉvÉÑkSxrÉ ÌWûiÉÉÍvÉlÉ:|xÉÉÎiuÉMüxrÉÉãÌSiÉã pÉÉlÉÉå rÉÉãerÉÇ vÉÏiÉuÉxÉliÉrÉÉã:||aÉëÏwqÉãmrÉÉirÉÌrÉMãü urÉÉkÉÉå…………..||
-A,xÉÇ,E.48/16
• Person habituated to ghrita bhojana• Person following a proper diet• Esp. in Sheeta rutu (Hemanta, Shishira, vasanta)• Can be used even in Greeshma (In emergencies)
Apr 8, 2023 18
CONTRAINDICATIONS• ÌuÉwÉÉlÉWûÉï:
lÉ cÉ uÉwÉÉïxÉÑ SÒÌSïlÉã|lÉ ¢üÉãkÉlÉã lÉ ÌmɨÉÉiÉãï lÉ ÎYsÉoÉã UÉeÉÌlÉ Ì²eÉã||¤ÉѨÉ×whÉÉ´ÉqÉbÉqÉÉïkuÉurÉÉkrÉliÉUÌlÉmÉÏÌQûiÉã|aÉÍpÉïhÉÏoÉÉsÉuÉ×kSãwÉÑ lÉ Â¤ÉãwÉÑ lÉ qÉqÉïxÉÑ||
• Varsha• Pitta pradhana• Pregnancy, aged and children• Person habituated ti ruksha ahara, vihara• Hungry,thirsty,emaciated, etc.
Apr 8, 2023 19
THINGS TO AVOID• AprÉxiÉãÌmÉ ÌuÉwÉã rɦÉɲeÉïlÉÏrÉÉlÉç
ÌuÉuÉeÉïrÉãiÉç|
MüOèuÉqsÉiÉåsÉsÉuÉhÉÌSuÉÉxuÉmlÉÉiÉmÉÉlÉsÉÉlÉç||¤ÉqɳÉÇ ÌuÉvÉãwÉhÉ pÉrÉÇ uÉÉÅeÉÏhÉïiÉ: xÉSÉ||A.xÉÇ.E.48/18
• Katu, Amla, Lavana• Sleeping in the day• Exposure to winds, sunlight• Dry diet• Ajeerna (eating when previously consumed diet not digested)
Apr 8, 2023 20
Concept of Anti Venom??
• rÉxiÉÑ xÉÇUÉãÌwÉiÉÉã pÉÉãaÉÏ kÉÔqÉÇ uÉY§ÉÉ̲qÉÑÇcÉÌiÉ|ShQûÉaÉëã ÌmÉÍvÉiÉÇ oÉkSèuÉÉ oÉWÒûvÉxiÉãlÉ SÇvÉrÉãiÉç|AvÉYrÉqÉaÉSåUlrÉåÌuÉïwÉmÉÏiÉÇ ÍcÉÌMüixÉMü|mÉÉrÉrÉãlqÉÉÇxÉcÉÔhÉïÇ iÉÇ ¥ÉÉiuÉÉ ÌuÉwÉoÉsÉÉoÉsÉqÉç||
A,xÉÇ,E.48/14
• In case of poisoning• Snake made to bite a piece of meat• The powder of that meat used
Apr 8, 2023 21
USING VISHAS IN THERAPEUTICS
Steps involved are:• Proper identification• Collection of the therapeutically beneficial part• Collection in the correct season• Shodhana• Proper storage• Accurate dosage• Anupana• Diet and regimen
Apr 8, 2023 22
IDENTIFICATION
Plant Latin Name Part used
• Vatsanabh Aconitun ferox Wall Kanda• Kuchala Strychnos nuxvomica Beeja• Ahiphena Opium Niryasa• Jayapala Croton tiglium Linn Beeja• Dhattura Datura metel Beeja• Bhanga Cannabis sativa Patra
Apr 8, 2023 23
Cont...
Plant Latin Name Part Used• Gunja Abrus precatorius Beeja• Bhallataka Semicarpus anacardium Beeja• Karaveera Neriun odorum Twak• Langali Gloriosa superba Kanda• Arka Calotropis gigentica Ksheera• Snuhi Euphorbia nerifolia
Ksheera
Apr 8, 2023 24
Cont...
• Tamra Naipala best variety
• Haratala Patra Haratala best
• Manashila Shyamangi best variety
• Naga Kumara best
Apr 8, 2023 25
SHODHANA
• E̬¹æUÉãwÉkÉæ: xÉÉkSïÇ Ì¢ürÉiÉã mÉãwÉhÉÉÌSMüqÉçqÉsÉÌuÉÎcNû¨ÉrÉã rɨÉÑ vÉÉãkÉlÉÇ iÉÌSWûÉãcrÉiÉã
U.iÉ 2/52• Process to remove impurities• Dravya can be used therapeutically after this
process
Apr 8, 2023 26
• Detailed shodhana procedures described for all dravyas including vishas.
• E.g.Vatsanabha in gomutraDhattura in godugdhaKuchala in kanjiHaratala in Kushmanda swarasaMetals by quenching in Taila, Takra etc..
Apr 8, 2023 27
DOSE
• Of paramount importance• Administration in improper doses may prove
fatal• Various factors involved in the fixing of dose• e.g. Vatsanabha 1/16th to 1/18th Ratti
Ahiphena 1/4th to 1 Ratti Tamra Bhasma 1/8th to 1 Ratti Manashila 1/8th to ¼ ratti
Apr 8, 2023 28
MODERN CONCEPT
• Humans have used poison for a very long time• Socrates 399 B.C Killed• 3000 B.C Pharaoh Menes first person to
conduct research into poisons • A papyrus (ancient Egyptian document) dated
circa 1553 B.C. found in Luxor, Egypt, in 1872 lists 700 different drugs (including poisons) of animal, mineral or plant origin.
Apr 8, 2023 29
CONT…
• Paracelsus (1493-1541): "All things are poisons, for there is nothing without poisonous qualities. It is only the dose which makes a thing a poison. A lot kills, a little cures.“
• Even too much water can result in hyponatremia, a dilution of the blood’s salt content, which disrupts brain, heart, and muscle function
Apr 8, 2023 30
CONT…
• About the same time humans came to understand poisons, they set about looking for antidotes to them.
• Development of anti venom
• Use of poisonous molecules in appropriate doses for treating various conditions
Apr 8, 2023 31
CONT…
• Curare derivatives are currently used to induce neuromuscular blockade during surgery originally developed by indigenous people in South America as a potent poison
• Physostigmine is an alkaloid of the Calabar bean originally used in West Africa as a potent poison in witchcraft trials
Apr 8, 2023 32
CONT…
• Belladonna alkaloid atropine : prevent bradycardia during surgery, to dilate the pupils in glaucoma.
• Warfarin a potent rat poison(1948). In 1951, a military recruit survived a suicide attempt using warfarin, and researchers perceived that the agent, if properly titrated, could be used therapeutically as an anticoagulant.
Apr 8, 2023 33
CONT…
Botulinum• Botulinum is one of the most poisonous
substances known • A gram of botulinum toxin, if dispersed and
ingested could kill 20 million people • Botox(Dilute form) anti wrinkle
therapy.• Also In Migraine, Cerebral palsy, Multiple
Sclerosis
Apr 8, 2023 34
CONT…
Carbon Monoxide• This deadly gas kills thousands each year• Small amounts of carbon monoxide might
alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis, a study in mice suggests
• In small doses can prevent injury to blood vessels caused by surgery (Study being carried out)
Apr 8, 2023 35
CONT…
Hydrogen Sulphide• Can be lethal at high concentrations.• Yet researchers in Seattle reported that exposure
to hydrogen sulfide gas can lower the heart rate, metabolism, and body temperature in lab mice
• Suspended animation protection for humans after a heart attack or stroke, help people survive while waiting for an organ transplant
Apr 8, 2023 36
CONT…
• Epibatidine is the toxic chemical which a tropical frog arms itself against its predators
• It is also a superb painkiller. Its two hundred times stronger than morphine
• Biophysicists from the University at Buffalo are using a protein from the venom of the Chilean Rose tarantula to combat death from heart attacks
Apr 8, 2023 37
CONT…
• The venom from another arachnid is being used to help treat cancer.
• Researchers at the Transmolecular Corporation in Cambridge, Mass., have isolated a protein that occurs in the venom of the Israeli yellow scorpion
• Found to be useful in Gliomas: a type of brain cancer that's particularly difficult to treat
Apr 8, 2023 38
REGULATIONS
• The Poisons Act 1919
• Central Opium Rules 1934
• The Dangerous Drugs Act 1930
• Schedule E(1) of The Drug And Cosmetic Rules, 1945
Apr 8, 2023 39
LIST OF POISONOUS SUBSTANCES
• Drugs of vegetable origin:1. Ahiphena Papaver somniferum Linn2. Arka Calotropis gigantea Linn3. Bhallataka Semicarpus anacardium Linn4. Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn5. Danti Baliospermum montanum Mull6. Dhattura Datura metel Linn
Apr 8, 2023 40
Cont…
7. Gunja Abrus precatorius Linn8. Jayapala Croton tiglium Linn9. Karaveera Nerium indicum Mull10. Langali Gloriosa superba Linn11. Parasika Yavani Hyoscyamus inibar Linn12. Snuhi Euphorbia nerifolia Linn13. Vatsanabha Aconitum ferox14. Vishamushti Strychnox nuxvomica linn
Apr 8, 2023 41
Cont…
• Drugs of Animal origin:1. Sarpa Visha : Snake Poison
• Drugs of Mineral origin:1. Gauripashana Arsenic 2. Haratala Arseno Sulphide3. Manashila Arseno Sulphide4. Parada Mercury
Apr 8, 2023 42
Cont…
5. Rasa Karpura Hudrargyri
subchloridum
6. Tuttha Copper sulphate
7. Hingula Cinnebar
8. Sindura Red oxide of lead
9. Giri Sindura Red oxide of Mercury
Apr 8, 2023 43
CONCLUSION
• Poisonous substances can be effectively used
in therapeutics
• In Ayurveda, they are routinely used after
proper processing
• Esp. in chronic diseases when conventional
treatment fails
Apr 8, 2023 44
Cont…
• Modern medicine also uses toxic molecules in
treatment
• Selection of right condition and dose essential
Apr 8, 2023 45
REFERENCES
• Charaka Samhita
• Sushruta Samhita
• Ashtang Sangraha
• Ashtang Hridaya
• Sharangdhara Samhita
Apr 8, 2023 46
Cont…
• Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
• Rasatarangini
• Ayurvediya Rasashastra Dr.S.N.Mishra
• Manual on Drugs and Cosmetics
• Internet (www.google.com)
Apr 8, 2023 48