VIRUSES, BACTERIA, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES Produced by Kelly Somerlot, M.S. Terry L. Derting, Ph.D.
Mar 27, 2015
VIRUSES, BACTERIA, AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Produced by
Kelly Somerlot, M.S.
Terry L. Derting, Ph.D.
I.VIRUSES
I.VIRUSES
A. INTRODUCTION The Common Cold: What causes
it?
A common cold is A common cold is an illness caused an illness caused
by a virus infection by a virus infection located in the located in the
nose.nose.
B. Virus Characteristics
Human Influenza
Rabies Virus HIV
DNA inside Chicken Pox
1. STRUCTURE
2. Two Types of Viruses
a. Virulent
Lytic Cycle of a Virulent Virus
Infectious Diseases:Viral InfectionInfectious Diseases:Viral Infection
--Causes disease immediately--Causes disease immediately
b. Temperate
Lysogenic Cycle of a Temperate VirusRemains in cell Activated to produce
new viruses
--Does not cause disease --Does not cause disease immediatelyimmediately
3. Are viruses living?
What are all living things made What are all living things made of?of?
What do all living things need?What do all living things need?
How does environment affect living How does environment affect living things?things?
How do living things How do living things reproduce?reproduce?
How do characteristics of viruses How do characteristics of viruses compare to that of living compare to that of living
organisms?organisms?
4. Virus Reproduction Process
a.a.AbsorptionAbsorption
b.b.EntryEntry
c.c.ReplicationReplication
d.d.ReleaseReleaseView Animation
C. Virologist
1. Growing cells in a controlled medium: ________________2. Serology
3. _____________is used to separate fragments of molecules based on charge and size.
d. Studies bacteriophages.
Tissue culture
- study of biological fluids used to determine antibody response
Electrophoresis
D. Diseases
1. ___________________
* 200 kinds of Viruses
Symptoms include nasal discharge, obstruction of nasal breathing, swelling of the sinus membranes, sneezing, sore
throat, cough, and headache.
Common Cold
2. ________________
•Poliomyelitis is a crippling disease of spinal nerve cells caused by poliovirus infection.
•The disease can strike non-immune persons of any age but affects mainly children under the age of three, and causes paralysis in one case of every 200 to 1000 infections.
•Preventable by vaccination.
Polio
3. ______________________
Symptoms induced can include mosaic, mottling, necrosis, stunting, leaf curling, and
yellowing of plant tissues.
Tobacco Mosaic
4. ___________
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
HIV destroys the body's ability to fight infections by attacking cells of the immune system.
STDSTD
AIDS
5. ______________
The vast majority of cases reported to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each
year occur in wild animals like raccoons, skunks,
bats, and foxes.
Infects the central nervous system, causing
encephalopathy and ultimately death.
Rabies
6. ______________
(Herpes simplex )
Between 50 - 80% of all people possess this virus and is spread through direct contact with an infected individual.
Once the virus has entered the body, it cannot be removed.
Only 10% of HSV1 infected people ever develop a sore.
Cold Sore
7. _____________
It usually occurs during adulthood after exposure to chicken pox in childhood. The chicken pox virus
remains dormant in the body.
An acute infection caused by a reactivation
of the varicella zoster virus, which also causes
chicken pox.
Shingles
8. _____________
Most infected children will have a rash, high fever, cough, runny
nose, and watery eyes.
For every 1,000 children who get it, 1 or 2 will die from it
Spreads so easily that any child who is not immunized will
probably get it, either now or later in life.
Measles
9. ___________
Non-cancerous skin growths caused by a
viral infection in the top layer of the skin. Viruses
that cause them are called human
papillomavirus (HPV).
STDSTD
Warts
10. _______________
HSV-2 usually produces only mild symptoms or signs or no symptoms at
all.
However, HSV-2 can cause recurrent painful genital sores in many adults, and HSV-2 infection can be severe in people
with suppressed immune systems.
Regardless of severity of symptoms, genital herpes frequently causes
psychological distress in people who know they are infected.
STDSTD
Herpes
11. _____________
The most common serious liver infection in the world.
It is caused by the HBV virus that attacks the liver.
HBV is 100 times more infectious than the AIDS virus. Yet, can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine.
Hepatitis B
E. Treatment/Prevention
1. Vaccine
2. Interferon
Vaccine Given
Anitbodies Produced
Guard/Fight Real Disease
II. Bacteria
II. Bacteria
A. Bacteria Characteristics
1. Kingdom _________________MONERA
2. Prokaryotic2. Prokaryotic
What is absent in this cell?
3. ________________ How big are bacteria?
4. Where do they live?
Microscopic
5. What shape are they?
a._______________
b._______________
c._______________
a. b.
c.
SphericalSpherical
SpiralSpiral
RodRod
6. Groups6. Groups
a. _________________: a. _________________: forms clustersforms clusters
b. _________________: b. _________________: forms filaments or forms filaments or chainschains
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
StaphyloStaphylo
StreptoStrepto
7. Have Cell Walls7. Have Cell Walls
8. Form Endospores in Harsh 8. Form Endospores in Harsh ConditionsConditions
-Some are rigid, Some flexible-Some are rigid, Some flexible
10. Nutrition10. Nutrition
9. Movement9. Movement
HETEROTROPHSHETEROTROPHS VS. VS. AUTOTROPHSAUTOTROPHS
_____________: Take nutrition
from other living
organisms
____________: feed on dead
and/or decaying matter
_____________: use the
sunlight as a source of energy
_____________: use energy that results from a
chemical reaction
ParasiticParasitic SaprophyteSaprophytePhoto-Photo-
Autotrophs Autotrophs
Chemo-Chemo-Autotrophs Autotrophs
flagella
11. Respiration in Bacteria
a. ____________- cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
b. ____________- can live with or without oxygen.
c. ____________- cannot survive without the presence of oxygen.
Obligate Anaerobes
Facultative Anaerobes
Obligate Aerobes
12. Reproduction
a. __________________: (asexual a. __________________: (asexual reproduction) one cell splits into reproduction) one cell splits into two cells.two cells.
b. __________________: (sexual b. __________________: (sexual reproduction) exchange of genetic reproduction) exchange of genetic material between two bacteria.material between two bacteria.
Binary FissionBinary Fission
ConjugationConjugation
B. Harmful BacteriaB. Harmful Bacteria
1. _________________:an organism that causes disease
2. _________________:poisonous substance that disrupts the metabolism of the infected organism
a. Endotoxin
b. Exotoxin
PATHOGEN
TOXIN
3. Disease3. Disease
a. Anthrax
Cutaneous
Inhalation
b. Tuberculosis
c. Typhoid fever
d. Diphtheria
e. Botulism
f. Tetanus
g. Gonorrhea
STDSTD
h. Syphilis
STDSTD
i. Chlamydia
STDSTD
a.a. Inhibit growth of some bacteriaInhibit growth of some bacteria
b.b. ________________________ - product of fungus________________________ - product of fungus
c.c. Bacteria can _______________to become Bacteria can _______________to become resistant to antibioticsresistant to antibiotics
4. TreatmentsA
NT
IBIO
TIC
SA
NT
IBIO
TIC
S
Penicillium
mutate
C. Helpful Bacteria
Make milk into yogurt!Make milk into yogurt!
Make antibiotics!Make antibiotics!
Treat Wastewater!Treat Wastewater!
Aid Digestion!Aid Digestion!
Pesticide Control!Pesticide Control!
© Eric MacDicken
Also--Also--Decomposers/ Natural Decomposers/ Natural
Cycle!Cycle!
Bioremediation!Bioremediation!
Food/Preservatives!Food/Preservatives!
D. Bacteriology
III. Infectious Diseases
A.A. PathogensPathogens
2. Virus2. Virus
4. Bacteria4. Bacteria
1.1. FungusFungus
Athletes Foot
5. Invertebrates5. Invertebrates
Trichonosis
3. Protozoan3. Protozoan Malaria
Malaria 3 Malaria 4
B. ToxinsB. Toxins
1.1. Chemical substances harmful to the normal Chemical substances harmful to the normal functioning of cellsfunctioning of cells
2.2. _______________- disrupt the transmission of _______________- disrupt the transmission of nerve impulses.nerve impulses.
Neurotoxins
1.1. AirAir
2.2. WaterWater
3.3. Human ContactHuman Contact
4.4. ArthropodsArthropods
C. TransmissionC. Transmission
D. DefenseD. Defense
1. First Level of Response:1. First Level of Response:
2. Phagocytosis2. Phagocytosis
3. Fever3. Fever
4. Interferon4. Interferon
5. Antigen5. Antigen
6. Immunity6. Immunity
E. AIDSacquired immunodeficiency syndrome
1. Caused 1. Caused a.a. Virus: HIV (human Virus: HIV (human
immunodeficiency virus )immunodeficiency virus )b.b. Disruption of the proper Disruption of the proper
functioning of immune systemfunctioning of immune system
HIV
2. Transmissiona. Sexual Contact b. Needles/Syringes c. Mother to Infant •blood
•semen
•vaginal fluid
•breast milk
•other body fluids containing blood
3. Viral Action
4. Effects on Immune Disruption
a. Virus enters bloodstream
b. Phagocytes try to destroy virus
c. T4 cells attack virus but virus enters T4 cell unharmed
d. Antibodies attack virus but virus is unharmed
e. May remain dormant up to 10 Years in T4 cells
f. Becomes Active—Lytic Cycle and spreads to other T4 cells
5. Risk and Prevention
http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/hivaids/test/quiz_qu1.htm
““Who is at risk?”Who is at risk?”
““What can be done to prevent What can be done to prevent the spread of the disease?”the spread of the disease?”