Viorel LUPU * Izabela Ramona LUPU * * * Associate Professor to the Department of Psychiatry & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry M.D., Ph. D. “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy e-mail: [email protected]* *Ph.D. Clinicial Psychologist and Psychotherapist „Iuliu Haţieganu” School Cluj-Napoca e-mail: [email protected]Romania
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Viorel LUPU * Izabela Ramona LUPU - EASGViorel LUPU * Izabela Ramona LUPU * * * Associate Professor to the Department of Psychiatry & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry M.D., Ph. D. “Iuliu
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Viorel LUPU *
Izabela Ramona LUPU * * * Associate Professor to the Department of Psychiatry
& Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
M.D., Ph. D. “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Motivation Theme’s actuality – accessibility and diversity
Children and adolescents are at risk
Devastating consequences
Lack of studies in the field
Study description
PARTICIPANTS:
N = 2006
48.3% male
11-19 years
mean age 15.04±2.33 years
21.2% rural
Frequency of
participants Percentage
Nord-East 858 42.8
South-East 558 27.8
South 254 12.7
South-West 26 1.3
North-West 87 4.3
Center 24 1.2
Bucharest 199 9.9
Total 2006 100.0
No. classes Urban Rural Total
V-VIII 22 22 44
IX-XIII 41 4 45
Total 63 26 89
INSTRUMENTS:
SOGS-RA - adapted and validated for Romanian population.
20 GA-RA - based on the items of 20-GA, adapted and validated for Romanian children and adolescents, 11-19 years old.
Demographical data – questions regarding
Predisposing factors
Involvement in other behaviors at risk
Types of games practiced
Perception of control while gambling
Study description
Results 16.08% from pathological gamblers gambled for the
first time at 11 years.
The mean age of problem or pathological
gamblers was 16.98 years.
Analyzed
dimension
SOGS-RA 20 GA-RA
Gamblers - 4.0% (81) problem or
pathological gambling
- 91.4% males
- 7.1% (142) gamblers at
risk
- 2.6% (53)
pathological
gambling
- 90.4% male
- 10.1% (203)
problem gambling
Preferred games 1. Scratched tickets/Slot machines – 23.2%
2. Choosing a ticket– 22.9%
3. Dices on money – 19.5%
Results
Way of playing Individual - 31.2%
In group – 68.8%
Academic results of
pathological gamblers
Mean academic results
7.48±1.10 (10 is maximum)
Pathological gambling
absenteeism
32.1% declare that absenteeism
influences their scholar evolution
Family income – pathological
gamblers
Average and above average income -
52.8%
Perception of control of those
who gamble
They can control the outcome of the
game - 55%
Mean age of the first gambling
session of all participants
13.56±2.55 years
Results
Results – other behaviors at risk
Male Female Total
Alcohol 38.5% 20.9% 29.4%
“Legal drugs” 6.6% 3.2% 4.8%
Illegal drugs 7.6% 4.4% 6.0%
Tobacco 20.5% 14.3% 17.3%
Gambling 49.3% 16.9% 32.6%
Conclusions The phenomenon’s amplitude
The first national prevalence study in Romania
Confirmation of comorbidities
Primary prevention programs urge
Conclusions The present study investigated children and
adolescents 11-19 years old from schools all over Romania, a sample which permits the generalization of the data obtained.
We followed the rules to make a national prevalence study and we collected the data with a group of volunteers of Romanian Association for the Study of Gambling -psychologists and doctors.
Future direction .
We should consider primary prevention programs for all population above 11 years because the age of onset was this age.
Limits of the present study We can state that the questionnaire was self reported
and data can be biased as gamblers usually lie about their gambling.
The sample considered only the scholar population. The observation confirmed that children
and adolescents who do not go to school game a lot. Pathological gamblers usually are expelled or they renounce to school
The sample distribution given by experts in sociology was pretty much unequal.
Our research team Andrecuţ Cosmina Daniela – psychologist