Violence

Non-Non-Violent vs. Violent vs. Violent protestViolent protestJournal: Have you ever been Journal: Have you ever been involved in or seen a non-violent or involved in or seen a non-violent or violent protest? Explainviolent protest? Explain

Martin Luther King Jr.Martin Luther King Jr.

“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."

What did King believe?What did King believe?

Non-Violent protestNon-Violent protest DefDef: a philosophy and strategy for social : a philosophy and strategy for social

change that rejects the use of physical change that rejects the use of physical violenceviolence

In your notes list some examples of non-In your notes list some examples of non-violent protestsviolent protests

People King followedPeople King followed Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau 1817-18621817-1862

Simple LivingSimple Living TranscendentalistTranscendentalist AbolitionistAbolitionist

Wrote “Civil Wrote “Civil Disobedience”Disobedience”

““Aim above morality. Be Aim above morality. Be not simply good, be good not simply good, be good

for somethingfor something.”.”

People King FollowedPeople King Followed

Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi 1869-19481869-1948 India spiritual leaderIndia spiritual leader Helped Indian gain Helped Indian gain

independence through independence through non-violencenon-violence

Followed civil Followed civil disobediencedisobedience

Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi

““I cannot teach you violence, as I do not I cannot teach you violence, as I do not myself believe in it. I can only teach you myself believe in it. I can only teach you not to bow your heads before any one not to bow your heads before any one even at the cost of your life.”even at the cost of your life.”

In your notes write down what you think In your notes write down what you think he means by this. he means by this.

Lets discuss…. Lets discuss….

MLK inspired non-violent MLK inspired non-violent protestsprotests

What can a person do?What can a person do?(non-violently)(non-violently)

Sit-insSit-ins Non-violent protestsNon-violent protests

SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeSNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Freedom rideFreedom ride MarchesMarches

WashingtonWashington SelmaSelma

Freedom SummerFreedom Summer Swim-insSwim-ins

Why King Supported Non-Why King Supported Non-ViolenceViolence

Inspired by Gandhi’s accomplishments Inspired by Gandhi’s accomplishments with non-violencewith non-violence

Believed in the “Power of Love”Believed in the “Power of Love”

Deep faith in God: PreacherDeep faith in God: Preacher

Non-violence is NOT cowardlyNon-violence is NOT cowardly

Cont:Cont: A Non-violent protester was: A Non-violent protester was:

PassionatePassionate

Despite not being physically aggressive, "his mind Despite not being physically aggressive, "his mind and emotions are always active, constantly and emotions are always active, constantly seeking to persuade the opponent that he is seeking to persuade the opponent that he is mistaken.”mistaken.”

Power of Non-ViolencePower of Non-Violence Boycott successfulBoycott successful

Blacks made up most bus Blacks made up most bus passengerspassengers

Bus line revenues down 65%Bus line revenues down 65% 2/3 of blacks carpooled, 1/3 2/3 of blacks carpooled, 1/3

walkedwalked Rosa’s day in courtRosa’s day in court

December 1956: SC declared December 1956: SC declared Montgomery’s bus laws to be Montgomery’s bus laws to be illegalillegal

Meant all segregation bus laws Meant all segregation bus laws illegalillegal

Implied that all segregation of Implied that all segregation of public services was illegalpublic services was illegal

Dec. 5, 1955: Bus boycott begins

Why was the Montgomery incident so important? Was it because of the victory won or the way in which it was achieved?

Direct Action Gathers PaceDirect Action Gathers Pace Montgomery success spurred new groupsMontgomery success spurred new groups

MLK formed MLK formed SSouthern outhern CChristian hristian LLeadership eadership CConference (SCLC) which onference (SCLC) which ran conferences on handling police, law ran conferences on handling police, law and media & taught activists non-violent and media & taught activists non-violent techniquestechniques

Black & white college students set up Black & white college students set up SStudent tudent NNonviolent onviolent CCoordinating oordinating CCommittee (SNCC)ommittee (SNCC)

Together these groups stages protests …Together these groups stages protests …

James FarmerMLK (SCLC) Ella Baker (SNCC)

Non-Violent Protest ExamplesNon-Violent Protest Examples Greensboro, North Carolina, 1960Greensboro, North Carolina, 1960

SNCC students staged sit-ins, attempting SNCC students staged sit-ins, attempting to end segregation in restaurantsto end segregation in restaurants

W/in 1 week 400 students were sitting-inW/in 1 week 400 students were sitting-in

February 1960, Nashville TennesseeFebruary 1960, Nashville Tennessee 500 students sit-in in libraries, 500 students sit-in in libraries,

churches, restaurantschurches, restaurants Students attacked & abusedStudents attacked & abused

Bull Connor, the Commissioner of Public Safety used fire hoses and dogs to attack black protestors and non violent demonstrators. These riots were on TV and shocked the nation.

Other supporters of non-Other supporters of non-violenceviolence

Albert Einstein Dali Lama Cesar Chavez

Violent ProtestViolent ProtestViolent ProtestViolent Protest

Black Nationalism & Nation of Black Nationalism & Nation of IslamIslam

Black nationalism concurrent w/ Civil Black nationalism concurrent w/ Civil Rights Movement :Most rejected non-Rights Movement :Most rejected non-violenceviolence Force justified to gain equalityForce justified to gain equality Others didn’t want equality, just separation Others didn’t want equality, just separation

Elijah Muhammad’s Nation of IslamElijah Muhammad’s Nation of Islam Sought separate state for black AmericansSought separate state for black Americans Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali)

outspoken critic of racial discrimination & outspoken critic of racial discrimination & conscientious objector to military draftconscientious objector to military draft

Malcolm Little (Later Malcolm X) bitterly Malcolm Little (Later Malcolm X) bitterly critical of MLK’s methods, believed CRM critical of MLK’s methods, believed CRM held black Americans back, assassinated in held black Americans back, assassinated in 19651965

Black Power & Black PanthersBlack Power & Black Panthers

SNCC becomes more radicalSNCC becomes more radical 1966: Stokely Carmichael elected chairman1966: Stokely Carmichael elected chairman Set out radical view of ‘black power’Set out radical view of ‘black power’ Critical of MLKCritical of MLK

‘‘this nation is racist from top to bottom, and this nation is racist from top to bottom, and does not function by morality, love and does not function by morality, love and non-violence, but by power’non-violence, but by power’ – Stokely – Stokely CarmichaelCarmichael

Black PanthersBlack Panthers

•More radical than SNCCMore radical than SNCC•2000 members; political party & private 2000 members; political party & private armyarmy•Believed in arming black America & Believed in arming black America & forcing white America to give equal rightsforcing white America to give equal rights•1967-69: many clashes w/ police; 9 1967-69: many clashes w/ police; 9 police officers killedpolice officers killed

Malcolm XMalcolm X The white man has taught the black people in this country to hate The white man has taught the black people in this country to hate

themselves as inferior, to hate each other, to be divided against each themselves as inferior, to hate each other, to be divided against each other. The brainwashed black man can never learn to stand on his own other. The brainwashed black man can never learn to stand on his own two feet until he is on his own. We must learn to become our own two feet until he is on his own. We must learn to become our own producers, manufacturers and traders; we must have industry of our producers, manufacturers and traders; we must have industry of our own, to employ our own. The white man resists this because he wants own, to employ our own. The white man resists this because he wants to keep the black man under his thumb and jurisdiction in white society. to keep the black man under his thumb and jurisdiction in white society. He wants to keep the black man always dependent and begging – for He wants to keep the black man always dependent and begging – for jobs, food, clothes, shelter, education. The white man doesn’t want to jobs, food, clothes, shelter, education. The white man doesn’t want to lose somebody to be supreme over. I am for violence in non-violence lose somebody to be supreme over. I am for violence in non-violence means we continue postponing a solution to the American black man’s means we continue postponing a solution to the American black man’s problems. If we must use violence to get the black man his human problems. If we must use violence to get the black man his human rights in this country then I am for violence.rights in this country then I am for violence. Comments of Malcolm X in the 1960sComments of Malcolm X in the 1960s

Activity: Due tomorrowActivity: Due tomorrow The government has taken over Borah High The government has taken over Borah High

and made the following changes:and made the following changes: 9 period days: 6:00am to 4:00 pm9 period days: 6:00am to 4:00 pm 1111thth graders taking graduate school level graders taking graduate school level

classesclasses 1111thth graders get 10 minutes for lunch and no graders get 10 minutes for lunch and no

breakbreak 1111thth graders are not allowed desks graders are not allowed desks 1111thth graders cannot socialize between classes, graders cannot socialize between classes,

at lunch or at breakat lunch or at break 1111thth graders can only talk to other 11 graders can only talk to other 11 thth graders graders

Your job is to plan a movement.Your job is to plan a movement. Length is one page double spaced or one Length is one page double spaced or one

page handwritten (neatly)page handwritten (neatly) You must come up with the name of your You must come up with the name of your

group, your position as leader and the group, your position as leader and the different scenarios you will use for protest..different scenarios you will use for protest..

Be sure and include what you plan on Be sure and include what you plan on doing, how you plan on doing it and who doing, how you plan on doing it and who you will get to follow you. you will get to follow you.

On a separate sheet of paper you will also On a separate sheet of paper you will also design a protest sign (you may use the design a protest sign (you may use the back)back)