Vimal22

Project report on

Nanotechnology

Presented by:Vimal

Saxena11 BME0171

Introduction This is all very interesting and quite impressive,

but what use is it? Our lives have some meaning on a scale of meters, but it's impossible to think about ordinary, everyday existence on a scale 1000 times smaller than a fly's eye. We can't really think about problems like AIDS, world poverty, or global warming, because they lose all meaning on the nanoscale. Yet the nanoscale—the world where atoms, molecules (atoms joined together), proteins, and cells rule the roost—is a place where science and technology gain an entirely new meaning.

Overview: How nanotechnology is

impacting our everyday lives

Defining nanoscale science and engineering (“nanotechnology”)

Why the excitement about nanotechnology? Examples of “nanotech” in current research … and everyday life

http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/The_scale_of_things.html

What is nanoscale science & engineering?

The study of materials and associated

physical, biophysical and biochemical

phenomena on the scale of ~1-100 nm.

The primary appeal of nanotechnology is the

potential to manipulate matter at the nanoscale. This leads to the

possibility of preparing novel materials (nanomaterials) that have specific,

manipulable physical properties and functions.

What makes the nanoscale special?

1. High density of structures is possible with small size.

2. Physical and chemical properties can be different at the nano-scale (e.g. electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, chemical).

3. The physical behavior of material can be different in the nano-regime because of the different ways physical properties scale with dimension (e.g. area vs. volume).

Prof. Richard Feynman“There’s plenty of room at the bottom”

Physical/chemical properties can change as we approach the nano-scale

Melting point of gold particles

M. Bawendi, MIT: web.mit.edu/chemistry/nanoclusterEvident, Inc.: www.evidenttech.com

K. J. Klabunde, 2001

Fluorescence of semiconductornanocrystals

By controlling nano-scale (1) composition, (2) size, and (3) shape, we cancreate new materials with new properties New technologies

Decreasing crystal size

Nanotechnology is estimated to become a trillion dollar market by ~2010Areas in which nanotechnologies are expected to impact our everyday lives:

• Electronics• Photonics (communications

& computing using photons)• Information storage• Energy storage/transport• Materials engineering• Textiles

• Mechanical engineering• Aerospace• Environmental remediation• Pharmaceuticals & drug

delivery• Biotechnology -- CdSe

nanocrystals

Applications ofNanoscience

Materials• Stain-

resistant clothes

• Paints that dose not chip

Environment • Paint

that cleans

• Nano solar cells

Health care• Nerve

tissue talking to C

• Detecting disease earlier

Technology • Building

smaller devices

Materials: Stain Resistant Clothes

Nanofibers create cushion of air around fabric

– 10 nm carbon whiskers bond with cotton

– Acts like peach fuzz; many liquids roll off

Nano pants that refuse to stain;Liquids bead up and roll offNano-Care fabrics with water, cranberry juice,vegetable oil, and mustard after 30 minutes(left) and wiped off with wet paper towel (right)

Environment: Paint That Cleans Air• Nanopaint on buildings

could reduce pollution

– When exposed to ultraviolet light, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in paint

break down organic and

inorganic pollutants that

wash off in the rain

– Decompose air pollution

particles like formaldehyde

Environment: Nano Solar Cells • Nano solar

cells mixed in plastic could be

painted on buses, roofs, clothing

– Solar becomes a cheap energy alternative!

Technology: Building Smaller Devicesand Chips

•Nanolithograpy to create tiny patterns

– Lay down “ink” atom by atom

Health Care: Detecting Diseases Earlier• Quantum dots

glow in UV light

– Injected in mice, collect in tumors

– Could locate as few as 10 to 100 cancer cells

Health Care: Nerve Tissue Talking toComputers

• Neuro-electronicnetworks interface nerve cells

with semiconductors

– Possible applications in brain research,neurocomputation, biosensors

Snail neuron grown on a chip that records the neuron’s activity

Nanoshells & SWNTs in cancer therapy

Cancer Therapy Advances in nanotechnology are enabling many

new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in cancer. Nano particles are employed to induce localized heating within tumors . Approaches to

nano particle-mediated thermal therapy include absorption of infrared light, radio frequency

ablation, and magnetically-induced heating. These approaches have demonstrated high efficacy in animal models, and two are already in human clinical trials.

Other aspects of Nano technology

Research area 1: Lightweight, multi-functional nano-fibers and materials

Research area 2: Battle suit medicine Research area 3: Blast and ballistic

protection Research area 4: Chem/bio materials

science (detection & protection) Research area 5: Nanosystems integration

The END