Etiology/Cause: Atheromas (in the coronary arteries) Molecular/Cellular Changes: 4 th : fatty streaks of lipids are deposited in t he intima of the arterial wall 5 th : activated macrophages release biochemical substances that can further damage the e ndothelium, attracting platelets and initiating clotting Physiologic Manifestations on Effect on Bodily Function: 3 rd : increased permeability / adhesion molecules 7 th : lipids are engulfed by the cells an d smooth muscle cells develop 8 th : plaques protrude into the lumen, narrowing it and obstructing blood flow 9 th : decreased coronary tissue perfusion Clinical Manifestations: y Chest pain: angina pectoris (may not be noted if patient is older, diabetic or has heart failure) y Atypical symptoms of myocardial ischemia (shortness of breath, nausea, and unusual fatigue) y ECG changes , ventricular aneurysms y Dysrhythmias Final Diagnosis: CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Complications: - Heart attack / myocardial infarction - Heart failure - Unstable angina - Sudden death VIII. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Laboratory Findings: - Decreased RBC count - Increased HgbA1c - Increased Troponin I Gross/Anatomical Physical Changes: 1 st : nonspecific injury to the vascular endothelium 2 nd : desquamation of endothelial lining 6 th : plaques begin to form foam cells within the endothelium System Involved: CARDIOVASC ULAR SYSTEM Major Risk Factors: - Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels - High blood pressure - Smoking - Insulin resistance - Diabetes - Overweight / obesity - Metabolic syndrome - Lack of physical acti vity - Age - Family history of early heart disease - Race - Gender Emerging Risk Factors: - High levels of CRP (C-reactive protein) - High levels of triglycerides Other Factors: - Sleep apnea - Stress - Alcohol - Contraceptive pills - ECG interpretation: - Sinus rhythm with isolated premature ventricular depolarization - Left ventricular hypertrophy - Left atrial enlargement Roentgenographic report shows: - Heart is enlarged
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8/7/2019 VIII. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/viii-pathophysiology 1/1
Etiology/Cause:
Atheromas
(in the coronary arteries)
Molecular/Cellular Changes:
4th
: fatty streaks of lipids are deposited in the intima of the
arterial wall5
th: activated macrophages release biochemical substances
that can further damage the endothelium, attracting platelets
and initiating clotting
PhysiologicManifestations on Effect on Bodily Function:
3rd
: increased permeability / adhesion molecules
7th
: lipids are engulfed by the cells and smooth muscle cells develop
8th
: plaques protrude into the lumen, narrowing it and obstructing blood flow
9th
: decreased coronary tissue perfusion
Clinical Manifestations:
y Chest pain: angina pectoris (may not be noted if
patient is older, diabetic or has heart failure)
y Atypical symptoms of myocardial ischemia
(shortness of breath, nausea, and
unusual fatigue)
y ECG changes, ventricular aneurysms
y Dysrhythmias
Final Diagnosis:
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Complications:
- Heart attack / myocardial
infarction
- Heart failure
- Unstable angina
- Sudden death
VIII. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Laboratory Findings:
- Decreased RBC count
- Increased HgbA1c
- Increased Troponin I
Gross/Anatomical Physical Changes:
1st: nonspecific injury to the vascular endothelium
2nd
: desquamation of endothelial lining
6th
: plaques begin to form foam cells within the
endothelium
System Involved:
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Major Risk Factors:
- Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels
- High blood pressure
- Smoking- Insulin resistance
- Diabetes
- Overweight / obesity- Metabolic syndrome- Lack of physical activity
- Age
- Family history of early heart disease
- Race
- Gender
Emerging Risk Factors:
- High levels of CRP (C-reactive protein)- High levels of triglycerides
Other Factors:
- Sleep apnea- Stress- Alcohol- Contraceptive pills-
ECG interpretation:
- Sinus rhythm with isolated prematu
ventricular depolarization
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Left atrial enlargement
Roentgenographic report shows:
- Heart is enlarged
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