· Web viewsyndrome*[ot] OR motor development disorder*[ot] OR Stereotypic Movement Disorder*[ot] OR Body Rocking[ot] OR Body-Focused Repetitive Behavio*[ot] OR Head Banging[ot]

Content:

Supplement 1: Search terms 2Table S1. Definitions 4Table S2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)/Conduct Disorder (CD) Comorbidity in the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Sample

5

Table S3. Studies Excluded After Full-Text With Reasons 6Figures S1-4. Forest plots for addiction following childhood mental health disorders 7Post hoc Figure S5. Forest plot for addiction following anxiety disorders, per disorder

12

References 13

1

1. Search Terms PubMed ((((("Substance-Related Disorders"[Mesh] OR Alcohol*[tiab] OR Nicotin*[tiab] OR smoking[tiab] OR tobacco*[tiab] OR cigarette*[tiab] OR marijuana*[tiab] OR cannabis*[tiab] OR cocaine*[tiab] OR substance use*[tiab] OR substance abuse*[tiab] OR substance induce*[tiab] OR substance addict*[tiab] OR drug use*[tiab] OR drug abuse*[tiab] OR drug induce*[tiab] OR drug addict*[tiab] OR drugs use*[tiab] OR drugs abuse*[tiab] OR drugs induce*[tiab] OR drugs addict*[tiab] OR Alcohol*[ot] OR Nicotin*[ot] OR smoking[ot] OR tobacco*[ot] OR cigarette*[ot] OR marijuana*[ot] OR cannabis*[ot] OR cocaine*[ot] OR substance use*[ot] OR substance abuse*[ot] OR substance induce*[ot] OR substance addict*[ot] OR drug use*[ot] OR drug abuse*[ot] OR drug induce*[ot] OR drug addict*[ot] OR drugs use*[ot] OR drugs abuse*[ot] OR drugs induce*[ot] OR drugs addict*[ot]) AND ("Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood"[MeSH] OR "Anxiety Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Impulse Control Disorders"[Mesh] OR neurodevelopmental[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR ADD[tiab] OR attention deficit*[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR hyperkinetic*[tiab] OR minimal brain deficit*[tiab] OR minimal brain dysfunction*[tiab] OR anxiet*[tiab] OR affective disorder*[tiab] OR affective psychos*[tiab] OR mood disorder*[tiab] OR psychotic depressi*[tiab] OR bipolar disorder*[tiab] OR depressive disorder*[tiab] OR depression*[tiab] OR fobia*[tiab] OR phobia*[tiab] OR phobic*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR Anankastic Personalit*[tiab] OR Pervasive developmental disorder*[tiab] OR Asperger*[tiab] OR PDD NOS[tiab] OR autism*[tiab] OR autist*[tiab] OR Conduct disorder*[tiab] OR Oppositional defiant disorder*[tiab] OR CD[tiab] OR ODD[tiab] OR Disruptive Behavio*[tiab] OR oppositional behavio*[tiab] OR conduct problems[tiab] OR Impulse Control Disorder*[tiab] OR Reading Disorder*[tiab] OR Language disorder*[tiab] OR learning disabilit*[tiab] OR learning disorder*[tiab] OR Dyslexia[tiab] OR Word Blindness*[tiab] OR dyscalculia[tiab] OR childhood-onset-fluency disorder*[tiab] OR stuttering[tiab] OR speech sound disorder*[tiab] OR communication disorder*[tiab] OR Developmental Coordination Disorder*[tiab] OR Motor Skills Disorder*[tiab] OR childhood dyspraxia[tiab] OR developmental disorder of motor function*[tiab] OR clumsy child syndrome*[tiab] OR motor development disorder*[tiab] OR Stereotypic Movement Disorder*[tiab] OR Body Rocking[tiab] OR Body-Focused Repetitive Behavio*[tiab] OR Head Banging[tiab] OR trichotillomania[tiab] OR Tic Disorder*[tiab] OR Tourette syndrome*[tiab] OR Gilles de la Tourette*[tiab] OR Childhood-Onset Schizophren*[tiab] OR Childhood Schizophren*[tiab] OR Childhood-Onset psychos*[tiab] OR childhood dissociative disorder*[tiab] OR neurodevelopmental[ot] OR ADHD[ot] OR ADD[ot] OR attention deficit*[ot] OR hyperactiv*[ot] OR hyperkinetic*[ot] OR minimal brain deficit*[ot] OR minimal brain dysfunction*[ot] OR anxiet*[ot] OR affective disorder*[ot] OR affective psychos*[ot] OR mood disorder*[ot] OR psychotic depressi*[ot] OR bipolar disorder*[ot] OR depressive disorder*[ot] OR depression*[ot] OR fobia*[ot] OR phobia*[ot] OR phobic*[ot] OR obsessive compulsive[ot] OR Anankastic Personalit*[ot] OR Pervasive developmental disorder*[ot] OR Asperger*[ot] OR PDD NOS[ot] OR autism*[ot] OR autist*[ot] OR Conduct disorder*[ot] OR Oppositional defiant disorder*[ot] OR CD[ot] OR ODD[ot] OR Disruptive Behavio*[ot] OR oppositional behavio*[ot] OR conduct problems[ot] OR Impulse Control Disorder*[ot] OR Reading disorder*[ot] OR language disorder*[ot] OR Word Blindness*[ot] OR learning disabilit*[ot] OR learning disorder*[ot] OR Dyslexia[ot] OR dyscalculia[ot] OR stuttering[ot] OR speech sound disorder*[ot] OR communication disorder*[ot] OR Developmental Coordination Disorder*[ot] OR Motor Skills Disorder*[ot] OR childhood dyspraxia[ot] OR developmental disorder of motor function*[ot] OR clumsy child

2

syndrome*[ot] OR motor development disorder*[ot] OR Stereotypic Movement Disorder*[ot] OR Body Rocking[ot] OR Body-Focused Repetitive Behavio*[ot] OR Head Banging[ot] OR trichotillomania[ot] OR Tic Disorder*[ot] OR Tourette syndrome*[ot] OR Gilles de la Tourette*[ot] OR Childhood-Onset Schizophren*[ot] OR Childhood Schizophren*[ot] OR Childhood-Onset psychos*[ot] OR childhood dissociative disorder*[ot])) AND (child*[tw] OR schoolchild*[tw] OR infan*[tw] OR adolescen*[tw] OR pediatri*[tw] OR paediatr*[tw] OR boy[tw] OR boys[tw] OR boyhood[tw] OR girl[tw] OR girls[tw] OR girlhood[tw] OR youth[tw] OR youths[tw] OR teen[tw] OR teens[tw] OR teenager*[tw] OR puberty[tw] OR preschool*[tw] OR toddler*[tw] OR juvenile*[tw])) AND ("Cohort Studies"[Mesh] OR cohort analys*[tw] OR cohort design*[tw] OR cohort evaluation*[tw] OR cohort research[tw] OR cohort stud*[tw] OR cohort survey*[tw] OR longitudinal analys*[tw] OR longitudinal design*[tw] OR longitudinal evaluation*[tw] OR longitudinal research[tw] OR longitudinal stud*[tw] OR longitudinal survey*[tw] OR follow up evaluation*[tw] OR followup evaluation*[tw] OR followup stud*[tw] OR follow up stud*[tw] OR followup survey*[tw] OR follow up survey*[tw] OR prospective analys*[tw] OR prospective design*[tw] OR prospective evaluation*[tw] OR prospective stud*[tw] OR prospective survey*[tw] OR retrospective analys*[tw] OR retrospective design*[tw] OR retrospective evaluation*[tw] OR retrospective research[tw] OR retrospective stud*[tw] OR retrospective survey*[tw])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])) NOT ("addresses"[Publication Type] OR "biography"[Publication Type] OR "comment"[Publication Type] OR "directory"[Publication Type] OR "editorial"[Publication Type] OR "festschrift"[Publication Type] OR "interview"[Publication Type] OR "lectures"[Publication Type] OR "legal cases"[Publication Type] OR "legislation"[Publication Type] OR "letter"[Publication Type] OR "news"[Publication Type] OR "newspaper article"[Publication Type] OR "patient education handout"[Publication Type] OR "popular works"[Publication Type] OR "congresses"[Publication Type] OR "consensus development conference"[Publication Type] OR "consensus development conference, nih"[Publication Type] OR "practice guideline"[Publication Type])

3

Table S1. Definitions of Outcome Measures

Term Definition Terms used in individual studiesAddiction An aggregated measure of addiction. For

studies with one outcome measure this outcome was used as an addiction. If there were multiple outcomes in a study, an aggregated measure was calculated (i.e. addiction) using the method of Borenstein.

All of the terms described below, combined into a single measure per study

Alcohol-related disorder

Severe and problematic alcohol consumption.

Alcohol abuse, alcohol use disorder, alcohol dependence, frequent drunkenness, high frequent drinkers, problematic alcohol use, daily alcohol use, frequent alcohol use.

Nicotine-related disorder

Severe and problematic nicotine use. Regular tobacco use, daily smoking, nicotine dependence, smoking dependence, smoking, regular smoking, nicotine abuse, cigarette smoking, Tobacco dependence, daily cigarette use

Drug- related disorder

Severe and problematic drug use. Marijuana use disorder, drug dependence, cannabis abuse, marijuana abuse/dependence, other illicit drug abuse, daily marijuana use, cannabis use disorder

Substance use disorders

Severe and problematic alcohol or drug use. This measure is used when studies do not make the distinction between alcohol and drug related disorders, but only describe “

Substance use disorder, drug and alcohol dependence

4

Table S2: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)/Conduct Disorder (CD) Comorbidity in the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder SampleStudy (lead author and year of publication)

% of participants with ODD/CD

August et al. 2006 0Babinsky et al. 2011 52.94Biederman et al. 2006b MVBiederman et al. 2010 9.38Biederman et al. 2012 7Brook et al. 2008 50Brook et al. 2010 37.5Copeland et al 2009 MVDalsgaard et al. 2014 42.3Elkins et al. 2007 46.1Fergusson et al. 2007 MVGroenman et al. 2013 34.4Lambert et al. 2005 MVMilberger et al. 1997a MVMilberger et al. 1997b MVMilberger et al. 1997c 21.89Molina& Pelham 2003 74.3Sibley et al. 2014 59.3Wittchen et al. 2007 MVNote. MV = missing value.

5

Table S3. Studies Excluded After Full-Text With ReasonsReason Study

Study design was not retrospective of

prospective longitudinal

(40-45)

Dissertation (46-56)

Before DSM-III-R (57-75)

Age of the mental health disorder was not in

childhood (i.e. participants were over 18 at time of

diagnosis)

(76-99)

Did not provide right data (100-103)

Conference paper (104-125)

Language (126-132)Studies did not provide the

right outcome measure, either the focus of the

paper was not on substance use, or the

severity of the outcome was not severe enough

(133-162)

Studies did not provide right information on

childhood mental disorders as predictors

(8, 163-286)

Same cohort as included studies (n=10)

(287-295)

6

Figure S1. Forest plots for addiction following childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.1a. Alcohol-related disorders

1b. Drugs-related disorders

1c. Nicotine-related disorders

7

1d. Substance use disorders

Figure S2. Forest plots for addiction following childhood anxiety.2a. Alcohol-related disorders

2b. Drugs-related disorders

8

2c. Nicotine-related disorders

2d. Substance use disorders

9

Figure S3. Forest plots for addiction following childhood conduct disorder.3a. Alcohol-related disorders

3b. Drugs-related disorders

3c. Nicotine-related disorders

3d. Substance use disorders (SUDs)

10

Figure S4. Forest plots for addiction following childhood depression4a. Alcohol-related disorders

4b. Nicotine-related disorders

4c. Substance use disorders (SUDs)

11

Figure S5. Forest plot for addiction following anxiety disorders, per disorder

Group byspecific preditcor

Subgroup within studyStudy name Outcome Statistics for each study Odds ratio and 95% CI

Odds Lower Upper ratio limit limit p-Value

Anxiety Anxiety Gau et al. 2007 SUDs 0,638 0,260 1,566 0,326Anxiety Anxiety Wittchen et al. 2007 Cannabis Use Disorder 1,876 1,256 2,803 0,002Anxiety Anxiety Essau et al. 2014 Addiction 0,801 0,615 1,043 0,099Anxiety Anxiety Gorka et al. 2014 Alcohol Use Disorder 0,679 0,330 1,396 0,292Anxiety Anxiety Johnson et al. 2000 Smoking 0,880 0,362 2,137 0,777Anxiety Anxiety Weissman et al. 1999 SUDs 2,487 1,107 5,588 0,027Anxiety Anxiety Wolitzky-Taylor et al. 2012SUDs 1,980 1,072 3,657 0,029Anxiety Anxiety Benjet et al.2016 SUDs 1,353 1,013 1,806 0,041Anxiety 1,159 0,992 1,354 0,064Generalized anxiety disorder Anxiety Bittner et al. 2007 SUDs 2,100 0,610 7,224 0,239Generalized anxiety disorder Anxiety Copeland et al. 2009 SUDs 3,100 0,586 16,404 0,183Generalized anxiety disorder 2,411 0,894 6,505 0,082PTSD Anxiety Cisler et al. 2011 Regular Smoking 1,900 0,931 3,876 0,078PTSD 1,900 0,931 3,876 0,078Seperation anxiety Anxiety Bruckl et al. 2007 Addiction 0,936 0,495 1,769 0,838Seperation anxiety 0,936 0,495 1,769 0,838Social anxiety Anxiety Buckner et al. 2008 Addiction 0,696 0,206 2,353 0,560Social anxiety Anxiety Frojd et al. 2011 Frequent Drunkness 0,517 0,238 1,124 0,096Social anxiety 0,564 0,293 1,085 0,086

0,01 0,1 1 10 100

Favours A Favours B

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