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A presentation by theA presentation by the

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS COMMISSIONCOMMISSION

GOVERNMENT OF INDIAGOVERNMENT OF INDIA

The presentationThe presentation Evolution of the Indian administrative systemEvolution of the Indian administrative system Constitutional framework.Constitutional framework. Union Government administrationUnion Government administration State Government administration.State Government administration. District administrationDistrict administration Local administrationLocal administration

Urban bodiesUrban bodies Rural bodies-Panchayat rajRural bodies-Panchayat raj

Five decades of administrative reforms in IndiaFive decades of administrative reforms in India The second administrative reforms commmission.The second administrative reforms commmission.

Evolution of the Indian administrative Evolution of the Indian administrative systemsystem

The public administrative system in India has a long history. Kingdoms The public administrative system in India has a long history. Kingdoms existed in India several hundred years B.C.existed in India several hundred years B.C.

In the earlier era the civil servants performed the role of servants of the In the earlier era the civil servants performed the role of servants of the king. (Kautilya’s Arthshastra describes the civil service of those days and king. (Kautilya’s Arthshastra describes the civil service of those days and lays down various norms 300 B.C. to 1000 A.D)lays down various norms 300 B.C. to 1000 A.D)

During the medieval period they became State servants. The land During the medieval period they became State servants. The land revenue system was established during the Moghul period.revenue system was established during the Moghul period.

The East Indian Company has a civil service to carry out their commercial The East Indian Company has a civil service to carry out their commercial functions.functions.

During the British rule they started as servants to the Crown, but gradually During the British rule they started as servants to the Crown, but gradually they started becoming ‘Public Servants’. The British government set up they started becoming ‘Public Servants’. The British government set up the Indian civil service, primarily with the objective of strengthening the the Indian civil service, primarily with the objective of strengthening the British administration in the UK. British administration in the UK.

In this period the role of the civil services was to further the British In this period the role of the civil services was to further the British interest, and the role was totally regulatory. Later on they assumed interest, and the role was totally regulatory. Later on they assumed development roles also.development roles also.

After the coming into force of the Constitution, the public services as we After the coming into force of the Constitution, the public services as we see today came into being.see today came into being.

The existing administrative The existing administrative system in Indiasystem in India

The civil service system is the backbone of the administrative The civil service system is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country.machinery of the country.

The civil service system in post-independent India was The civil service system in post-independent India was reorganised. reorganised.

At the central level, the civil services include the All-India At the central level, the civil services include the All-India services, namely the Indian Administrative Service, the Indian services, namely the Indian Administrative Service, the Indian Forest Service, and the Indian Police Service.Forest Service, and the Indian Police Service.

There are various central services like the Indian Income Tax There are various central services like the Indian Income Tax Service, Indian Railway Services etc.Service, Indian Railway Services etc.

There are three tiers of administration-Union Government, There are three tiers of administration-Union Government, State Governments and the Local governments.State Governments and the Local governments.

The State Governments have their own set of services.The State Governments have their own set of services.

The Constitutional ProvisionsThe Constitutional Provisions

The hallmarks of civil services The hallmarks of civil services in Indiain India

Constitutional protection.Constitutional protection. Political neutrality.Political neutrality. Permanency.Permanency. AnnonymityAnnonymity Recruitment based on merit. Done by a Recruitment based on merit. Done by a

Constitutional Authorities-the Public Service Constitutional Authorities-the Public Service Commissions.Commissions.

The administrative structure of the Government of IndiaThe administrative structure of the Government of India(The roles of the various Ministries are defined as per the Rules of Business)(The roles of the various Ministries are defined as per the Rules of Business)

President

Vice President

Prime MinisterCouncil of Ministers

Minister Minister Minister

Secretary

Additional Secretary

Joint Secretary

The administrative structure of the The administrative structure of the State Governments.State Governments.

Governor

Chief MinisterCouncil of Ministers

Minister Minister Minister

Secretary

Additional Secretary

Joint Secretary

District AdministrationDistrict Administration(District is a unit of administration, on an average a district has a population of (District is a unit of administration, on an average a district has a population of

about 2 million)about 2 million)

District Collector

Regulatory Administration Development administration

Law and order

Land administration

Tax collection

Coordination

Local self governments (Urban)Local self governments (Urban) Big cities have –City Corporations.Big cities have –City Corporations. Cities have –City Municipal Committees.Cities have –City Municipal Committees. Towns have- Town Municipal Committees.Towns have- Town Municipal Committees.

All these are elected bodies. Administration is All these are elected bodies. Administration is carried out by an appointed Chief Executive who carried out by an appointed Chief Executive who is answerable to the elected bodies.is answerable to the elected bodies.

Their main role is to provide civic amenities to Their main role is to provide civic amenities to the citizens.the citizens.

Their main source of revenue is local tax, and Their main source of revenue is local tax, and funds received from the State Government.funds received from the State Government.

Local self governments (Rural)Local self governments (Rural)The PanchayatsThe Panchayats

Zila Parishads

Block Panchayats

Village Panchayats

Gram Sabhas

At District level

At Block Level

For a group of villages

All adult members of a village

Their main role is to function as a local self government

They provide civic amenities

They carry out Developmental works.

They can levy some taxes

Major developments impacting Major developments impacting administrationadministration

Globalisation.Globalisation. Increasing disparities.Increasing disparities. Transformation of the world into a global village.Transformation of the world into a global village. Deregulation and privatization trends.Deregulation and privatization trends. Increasing awareness about human rights.Increasing awareness about human rights. State formerly interventionist, producer, regulator and State formerly interventionist, producer, regulator and

seller now called upon to be a facilitator, promoter, seller now called upon to be a facilitator, promoter, and partner. and partner.

Emergence of powerful technological solutions-Emergence of powerful technological solutions-computers and IT.computers and IT.

Increasing expectations from the Governments to Increasing expectations from the Governments to ‘perform’.‘perform’.

Administrative Reforms in IndiaAdministrative Reforms in India

Administrative reforms have been necessitated Administrative reforms have been necessitated because of:because of: Change in the role of the Government.Change in the role of the Government. Changing environment.Changing environment. Rising aspirations of the people.Rising aspirations of the people. Improving efficiency and effectiveness.Improving efficiency and effectiveness.

The administrative machinery of any country cannot be bereft of its social, cultural, political and economic conditions. Since independence, India has witnessed major developments in the social and the economic fields. The Government today is no longer playing the traditional role of a regulator. Its role evolved to that of a promoter and then to that of a facilitator and service provider.

Administrative Reforms in India after Administrative Reforms in India after independenceindependence

Several Commissions and Committees have Several Commissions and Committees have gone into the subject, and suggested various gone into the subject, and suggested various measures. Major reforms have been brought measures. Major reforms have been brought about based on the recommendations of these. about based on the recommendations of these. Some of the important studies/reports are as Some of the important studies/reports are as follows:follows: Report on Reorganisation of the Machinery of Report on Reorganisation of the Machinery of

Government (1949) by Mr. Goplaswami Government (1949) by Mr. Goplaswami Ayyangar.Ayyangar.

It recommended that the Central Ministries be bunched into It recommended that the Central Ministries be bunched into Bureaus.Bureaus.

Administrative Reforms in India after Administrative Reforms in India after independence ……(contd)independence ……(contd)

The Gorwala Committee appointed by the The Gorwala Committee appointed by the Planning Commission.Planning Commission.

It gave a general report on Public AdministartionIt gave a general report on Public Administartion Paul H. Appleby submitted two reports on Paul H. Appleby submitted two reports on

Indian Administrat ionIndian Administrat ion The O & M organisation and the Indian Institute of Public The O & M organisation and the Indian Institute of Public

Administration were set up as a result of the Administration were set up as a result of the recdommendations.recdommendations.

The The Committee on Prevention of The The Committee on Prevention of Corruption was ser up under chairmanship of Corruption was ser up under chairmanship of Mr. K .Santhanam (MP).Mr. K .Santhanam (MP).

The Central Vigilance Commission was set up.The Central Vigilance Commission was set up.

Administrative Reforms in India after Administrative Reforms in India after independence ……(contd)independence ……(contd)

The First Administrative Reforms The First Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) was set up in 1966.Commission (ARC) was set up in 1966.

The ARC set up 20 study teams, 13 The ARC set up 20 study teams, 13 working groups and 1 Task Force.working groups and 1 Task Force.

It gave 20 Reports making a total of 581 It gave 20 Reports making a total of 581 recommendations in a period spread over recommendations in a period spread over 1966-701966-70

The First Administrative Reforms The First Administrative Reforms CommissionCommission

It gave Reports on the following subjects:It gave Reports on the following subjects: Machinery of Government of India and its procedures.Machinery of Government of India and its procedures. Personnel Administration.Personnel Administration. Redress of Citizen’s Grievances.Redress of Citizen’s Grievances. Centre-State Relations.Centre-State Relations. State Administration.State Administration. Administration of Union Territories.Administration of Union Territories. Machinery for Planning.Machinery for Planning. Economic Administration.Economic Administration. Finance, Accounts and Audit.Finance, Accounts and Audit. Delegation of Financial and Administrative Powers.Delegation of Financial and Administrative Powers. Railways.Railways. Post and Telegraph.Post and Telegraph. Etc.Etc.

Studies/Reports after the First Studies/Reports after the First Administrative Reforms CommissionAdministrative Reforms Commission

Committee on Rcruitment Policy and Selection Methods Committee on Rcruitment Policy and Selection Methods (D.S.Kothari)-1976(D.S.Kothari)-1976

The Commission on Centre-State Relations (Sarkaria)-The Commission on Centre-State Relations (Sarkaria)-1983.1983.

The Fourth Central Pay Commission Report-1986The Fourth Central Pay Commission Report-1986 The Committee to Review the Scheme of the Civil The Committee to Review the Scheme of the Civil

Services Examination (Satish Chandra, 1989)Services Examination (Satish Chandra, 1989) The Economic Administration Reforms Commission.The Economic Administration Reforms Commission. The Fifth Pay Commission (1993)The Fifth Pay Commission (1993) Surendra Nath’s Committee Report (2003)Surendra Nath’s Committee Report (2003) Committee on Civil Services Reforms.Committee on Civil Services Reforms.

The Second Administrative Reforms The Second Administrative Reforms CommissionCommission

Constituted on 31Constituted on 31stst August 2005 August 2005 Objective: To prepare a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administration Objective: To prepare a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administration

systemsystem Terms of Reference: The Commission will inter-alia consider the followingTerms of Reference: The Commission will inter-alia consider the following 1. Organisational structure of the Govt. of India.1. Organisational structure of the Govt. of India. 2. Ethics in Governance.2. Ethics in Governance. 3. Refurbishing of Personnel Administration.3. Refurbishing of Personnel Administration. 4. Strengthening of Financial Management Systems.4. Strengthening of Financial Management Systems. 5. Steps to ensure effective administration at the State level.5. Steps to ensure effective administration at the State level. 6. Steps to ensure effective District Administration.6. Steps to ensure effective District Administration. 7. Local Self-Government/Panchayati Raj Institutions.7. Local Self-Government/Panchayati Raj Institutions. 8. Social Capital, Trust and participative service delivery.8. Social Capital, Trust and participative service delivery. 9. Citizen Centric Administration.9. Citizen Centric Administration. 10. Promoting e-governance.10. Promoting e-governance. 11. Issues of Federal Polity.11. Issues of Federal Polity. 12. Crisis Management.12. Crisis Management. 13. Public Order.13. Public Order.

The approach of the Second The approach of the Second Administrative Reforms CommissionAdministrative Reforms Commission

A set of subjects is selected by the Commission for A set of subjects is selected by the Commission for study.study.

Eminent National Institutions are requested to carry out Eminent National Institutions are requested to carry out studies of the subject and help the Commission.studies of the subject and help the Commission.

The Commission carries out Public Hearings.The Commission carries out Public Hearings. The Commission carries out deliberations with all The Commission carries out deliberations with all

stakeholders.stakeholders. Detailed consultations with the State Government.Detailed consultations with the State Government. He Commission carries out field visits in order to assess He Commission carries out field visits in order to assess

the ground realities.the ground realities.

The first phaseThe first phase Four areas have been taken up for study in the Four areas have been taken up for study in the

first phase.first phase. The final recommendations in all these four The final recommendations in all these four

areas would be submitted by March 06.areas would be submitted by March 06. The four areas areThe four areas are

1.1. Effective implementation of Right to Information Act.Effective implementation of Right to Information Act.2.2. Crisis managementCrisis management3.3. Public Order.Public Order.4.4. Implementation of the National Rural Employment Implementation of the National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme.Guarantee Scheme.

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