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VICTORIAN ERA - SCIENCE & INVENTIONS

Blreanu Alexandra Cricot Virginia Dumitrache AndreeaNechita ManuelaStaicu Dianauurescu Steluta

Class XI D

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VICTORIAN SCIENCE AN INTRODUCTION

During the nineteenth century the things werecognize as the sciences formed andacquired their great cultural authority. Thesciences developed in contexts shaped bythe French Revolution , the IndustrialRevolution , and the sweeping social and

cultural changes of the century.

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Some of the major transformations whichoccurred across the Victorian period were: thechange from "natural philosophy" and "naturalhistory" to "science," the shift from gentlemenand clerical naturalists to, for the first time,professional "scientists," the development andeventual diffusion of belief in natural laws andongoing progress, secularization, growing

interaction between science, government andindustry, the formalization of science education,and a growing internationalism of science.

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WHAT WAS INVENTED

DURING THE VICTORIAN TIMES?

The Victorian period saw many majordevelopments that made travel,communications and trade easier for manypeople.Many of the things we take for granted today,such as photography, telephones, electriclight bulbs and cars were invented duringQueen Victoria's reign.

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Electric Telegraph developed by WilliamCooke and Charles Wheastone. Swingingneedles transmit message in code in 1858.

Alexander Graham Bell inventedthe telephone in 1876.

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The first cars appeared during theVictorian times , but only rich people couldafford them. Early car drivers were requiredto have a special attendant walking in front of

the car, holding a red flag as a warning.

Guglielmo Marconi, from Italy, is credited with

the discovery of radio in 1895.

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Bicycles became very popular in the1870s. Invention of the penny-farthing bicycle. by British engineer, JamesStarley.

The Penny Black stamp , created by DavidCharles of Dundee, is the world's firstadhesive postage stamp, and is perhaps themost famous stamp ever issued.

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After the invention of the electric lightbulb by Thomas Edison (USA) and JosephSwan (UK) in 1879, electric light started toreplace the dim, yellow gas light, oil lampsand candlelight.

Steam was used to power factory machinery,ships and trains.

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The 1840s was a time of railway madness.Trains were cheaper and faster than canalboats or horse drawn carriages.

The very first electric train was invented bya German in 1879. Electric trains werequieter than and not as dirty as steam trainsbut it was many years before they were used

for passengers.

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