Version of 12/2 9/2018...Thu - 17 Jan Session 4: Foreign Policy in the Cold War and Post-Cold War Era-Part I . Tue - 22 Jan Session 5: Foreign Policy in the Cold War and Post-Cold

Version of 12/29/2018

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Department of Political Science

Poli 376: US Foreign Policy

Winter 2019 Syllabus Instructor: Dr. Kerry M. Kartchner Course dates/times: Email: [email protected] T/Th 12:05-1:20 pm B124 MARB Office hours: M/W 1:00-3:00pm

T/Th, 4:30-5:00PM or by appointment (744 KMBL) TA: Rhett Hatch [email protected] Course Description This course will provide an introduction to the historical, ideological, and instrumental foundations of US foreign policy from a practitioner’s perspective. The emphasis will be on practical knowledge of the making and conduct of US foreign policy, combined with a thorough review of the key actors, institutions, instruments, and debates surrounding the formulation of US foreign policy. A principal theme of this course will be assessing and debating the major alternative models of the US role in the world, based on competing interpretations of US national values and interests, and assessing the status of US global leadership and its merits and burdens. A second theme will be exploring the main processes involved in making and conducting US foreign policy, including such topics as international perceptions of US foreign and defense policy, the origins of anti-Americanism, the making of US nuclear strategy, managing so-called “Track II” diplomacy, US negotiating behavior, how to serve on an arms control delegation, strategic communications for crisis management, and US extended deterrence, alliance, and security assurance obligations. Assigned Textbooks Jeffrey Lantis, US Foreign Policy in Action: An Innovative Teaching Text (New York: Wiley-

Blackwell), 2013. Michael Lind, The American Way of Strategy (Oxford University Press), 2006.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Poli 376 US Foreign Policy – Winter 2019 Syllabus _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Course Schedule-Winter 2019 Tue - 8 Jan Session 1: Introductions, Course Overview, Country Team Assignments,

Survey of Foreign Policy Views Thu - 10 Jan Session 2: Historical Foundations of US Foreign Policy (Millennial

Perspectives) Tue - 15 Jan Session 3: US Exceptionalism Thu - 17 Jan Session 4: Foreign Policy in the Cold War and Post-Cold War Era-Part I Tue - 22 Jan Session 5: Foreign Policy in the Cold War and Post-Cold War Era-Part II Wed - 23 Jan Movie Night “Bridge of Spies” (Time TBD) Thu - 24 Jan Session 6: The Making of US Foreign Policy: Key Government Institutions Tue - 29 Jan Session 7: Rise of the Imperial Presidency Thu - 31 Jan Session 8: The Making of US Foreign Policy: Bureaucracies, Interest

Groups, and Political Parties Tue - 5 Feb Session 9: US Foreign Policy and Track 2 Diplomacy Thu - 7 Feb Session 10: The Military Dimension of US Foreign Policy Tue - 12 Feb Session 11: Nuclear Weapons and US Foreign Policy Thu - 14 Feb Session 12: Origins of Anti-Americanism: International Perceptions of US

Foreign and Defense Policies Tue - 19 Feb [no class – Monday instruction] Thu - 21 Feb Session 13: MIDTERM EXAM (In class) Tue - 26 Feb Session 14: US Diplomacy and Negotiating Behavior

(Serving on a Delegation) Thu - 28 Feb Session 15: US Extended Deterrence and Security Guarantees Tue - 5 Mar Session 16: Public Opinion and the Media Thu - 7 Mar Session 17: Strategic Communications for Crisis Management Tue - 12 Mar Session 18: Review Thu - 14 Mar Session 19: Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Nuclear Nonproliferation Tue - 19 Mar Session 20: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CRISIS SIMULATION-Part I Thu - 21 Mar Session 21: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CRISIS SIMULATION-Part II Tue - 26 Mar Session 22: Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: The Rise of China

[Info Memo Due] Thu - 28 Mar Session 23: Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Russia Tue - 2 Apr Session 24: Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Cyber Thu - 4 Apr Session 25: Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Terrorism Tue - 9 Apr Session 26: DEBATE: A New Grand Strategy for the Twenty-First Century Thu - 11 Apr Session 27: The Rise and Fall of US Primacy Tue - 16 Apr Session 28: FINAL REVIEW Tue - 23 Apr Session 29: FINAL EXAM: 11am – 2pm B124 MARB



Assignments: (1) Foreign Policy in the News: The class will be divided up into “country teams” along the lines of US Department of State regional bureaus, for purposes of following and discussing US foreign policy developments in those regions. At the beginning of each class, one person from each country team will report on a recent top news item for that region related to US foreign policy. (2) Quizzes: Discussion Questions based on the assigned readings are provided in this syllabus for all relevant sessions. Students will be expected to contribute to class discussions on these questions. In addition, throughout the semester, there will be four unscheduled quizzes based on these Discussion Questions. (3) Movie Night: Screening of a foreign policy-related movie. (4) Information Memorandum (Info Memo): Each student will individually prepare a two to three page “Info Memo” on a designated foreign policy issue (to be agreed upon in consultation with the instructor) that engages a specific major US foreign policy issue in the region they have been assigned to. (5) Midterm Exam: This exam will be an in-class midterm exam consisting of short essay questions, following a review of the material covered in the first half of class. (6) Foreign Policy Simulation: the class will be divided up to engage in a foreign policy simulation (based on a scenario created by the US Diplomacy Center, or the national security council simulation outline in the Lantis text). (7) Grand Strategy Debate: students will be organized into two groups to engage in a debate over the future direction of American grand strategy. Each group will prepare a powerpoint presentation of their arguments. (8) Final Exam: This exam will consist of short essay questions. Grading: The final grade in this class will be calculated as follows:

Assignment Points US Foreign Policy in the News 5 Quizzes (4x5 points each) 20 Movie Night 5 Midterm Exam 20 Foreign Policy Simulation 5 Grand Strategy Debate 5 Info Memo 20 Final Exam 20



Total 100 Criteria for Grading Info Memos

o These papers should be no more than 2 pages in length, or about 1200 words, not counting footnotes and bibliography. The paper should be single-spaced.

o The paper should be organized into four sections: I. A brief explanation of the issue, including a statement of what current US foreign policy is toward that issue; II. Background and Context for US Foreign Policy (including prior US foreign policy engagements); III. Current Status of the Issue; and IV. Implications for US Foreign Policy.

o Footnotes and bibliography are required. The bibliography should have no fewer than 10 sources. Please use CMS (or Turabian) footnoting style.

o Backup up your files frequently.

o Scores for the papers will be based on the following criteria: (1) clarity of the issue statement, including its relationship to current US foreign policy on that issue; (2) development of the four sections outlined above (including a background section that provides sufficient context to appreciate the implications for US foreign policy); (3) use of source material; (4) amount of source material (no fewer than 10 sources); (5) grammar and syntax; (6) length (meeting the 1200 word requirement); and, (7) the development and soundness of insights into how the issue relates to US foreign policy (including impact, future/anticipated responses, meaning, messages conveyed, etc.), or, “why should the US care about this issue?”

Submitting Written Assignments All written assignments should be submitted in both hard copy and by email. Please CC Rhett on all such submissions. Also please use the following naming convention for each assignment: LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_[ASSIGNMENT]_WINTER 2019. Unless otherwise arranged in advance, late assignments will incur a reduction of one-half grade for each day late.



Attendance and Make-Up Policy Class attendance is mandatory, except for University-authorized absences. As full attendance and participation in classroom discussions is essential to the success of this course, the first unexcused absence will result in a one-third grade reduction in the final course grade. Subsequent unexcused absences will result in a one grade reduction for each instance. Being more than 10 minutes late will count as an unexcused absence. “Unexcused absence” is defined as an absence that was not approved in advance, except for dire emergencies and other University-approved absences. If an absence is excused, the instructor will either provide the student an opportunity to make up any exam or other assignment that contributes to the final grade or provide a satisfactory alternative by a date agreed upon by the student and instructor. Regarding use of personal electronic devices in class Personal electronic devices are permitted in class for purposes of note-taking (and fact-checking), provided they are kept in “silent mode,” and are not used in a disruptive way, or to access material unrelated to the class. Failure to abide by these rules may result in forfeiting this privilege. Recording Lectures Please ask the instructor’s permission before recording any portion of class sessions. [See additional University Policies at the end of this syllabus] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

SCHEDULE OF READINGS AND ASSIGNMENTS

Session 1: Tue - 8 Jan Introduction and Course Overview (Survey) Reading: This syllabus! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 2: Thu - 10 Jan Historical Foundations of US Foreign Policy

Readings: Lantis, Chap. 1, pp. 1-13.

Lind, Chaps. 1-2, pp. 3-40. Discussion Questions from Michael Lind, The American Way of Strategy, chapters 1-2



Chapter 1

1) What is the “American creed”?

2) What danger is represented by the potential rise of a “castle society”?

3) Republic liberal is the best form of government when which two conditions prevail, according to Mr. Lind? [p. 15]

4) What is the ultimate purpose of US foreign policy, according to Mr. Lind? [p. 21]

5) What are the two principal risks to the American way of life? [p. 21, empire and anarchy]

Chapter 2

1) What is Mr. Lind’s assessment of President George W. Bush’s declaration that the United States should seek “the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world”? [p. 25]

2) What are the two political preconditions for the success of democracy in other parts of the world? [p. 27]

3) John Quincy Adams declared that the United States “goes not abroad in search of monsters to destroy.” What does that mean, and why does Mr. Lind cite this quotation? [p. 33]

4) Mr. Lind’s major theme is that US foreign policy is a combination of “liberalism” and “realism.” What examples does he cite for this claim?

5) How does this correspond to Jeffrey Lantis’ theme that US foreign policy is a balancing contest between “values” and “interests”?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 3: Tue - 15 Jan US Exceptionalism Reading: Lantis, Chap. 2, pp. 14-37.

Lind, Chaps. 3-4, pp. 43-78. “10 Reasons Why America is Exceptional,” available at: http://www.bankableinsight.com/reasons-why-america-truly-is-exceptional.html

Discussion Questions for Lantis, Chapter 2

1) How did the founding values of the United States shape foreign policy?

2) Why did foreign policy evolve from an isolationist stance to one of greater involvement in global affairs? What were the different positions of the founders on this important matter?

http://www.bankableinsight.com/reasons-why-america-truly-is-exceptional.html

http://www.bankableinsight.com/reasons-why-america-truly-is-exceptional.html



3) Describe several key formative events for US foreign policy in the nineteenth century, and how well did presidents manage these opportunities or challenges?

4) In what ways did the presidencies of Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson define foreign policy in the early twentieth century? How were they similar? How were they different?

5) Why did the United States hesitate to become involved in the world wars?

6) Great power status seems to carry with it significant responsibilities. In your opinion, does isolationism or internationalism better suit the United States, and why?

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 3 “Independence, Unity, and the American Way of Life”

1) Americans fought a war for independence from Great Britain. But what was their first choice solution to resolving differences with England?

2) What danger did Union victory in the Civil War avert?

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 4 “Averting a Balance of Power in North America”

1) Why did the US act to avert a balance of power from arising in North America, and what form did that objective take?

2) Why isn’t Canada part of the United States, according to Mr. Lind?

3) What is Mr. Lind’s view of “Manifest Destiny”? Alternatively, to what does Mr. Lind attribute US expansionism?

4) Which two areas—now states—did the British collude with to thwart American dominance on the continent?

5) Why were the British concerned?

6) Why did the US avoid seizing territory through the process of “imperial conquest”? What ethnic group may be considered an exception to this?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 4: Thu - 17 Jan Foreign Policy in the Cold War and Post-Cold War Era, Part I

Readings: Lantis, Chapter 3, pp. 38-67. Lind, Chapters 5-6, pp. 79-109. Discussion Questions for Lantis, Chapter 3



1) How did the founding values of the country shape foreign policy in the post-World

War II era? In the post-Cold War era?

2) At what point did US leaders determine that the nation was bound to pursue greater involvement in global affairs, and why?

3) What were the primary causes of the Cold War?

4) In what ways did the presidencies of Harry Truman and Ronald Reagan define US foreign policy in the late twentieth century?

5) Based on this survey, does isolationism or internationalism better suit the United States, and why?

6) How well does the Iraq War (2003–2011) reflect values and traditions in US foreign policy over time?

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 5 “Why the US Fought in WWI”

1) What two conditions did the success of the U.S. strategy of non-entanglement require up to World War I?

2) What three developments rendered U.S. reliance on geographic isolationism obsolete?

3) Which European power began emerging as a threat to the United States as early as the 1880s?

4) According to Mr. Lind, at what point in time did the relationship between the United States and Great Britain begin experiencing a rapprochement, and why?

5) The long-standing tenet among historians is that the Great Powers of Europe “stumbled” into World War I inadvertently, and as such the war was avoidable. Why does Mr. Lind dismiss this argument as a “myth”?

6) Mr. Lind argues that the United States fought in World War I and World War II for the same reason. What was that reason?

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 6, “World War II and the American Way of Life”

1) Mr. Lind asserts that there was a single difference between the charter of the League of Nations and the charter of the United Nations that made it possible for the United States to join the latter but not the former. What was that difference?

2) According to Mr. Lind, what is “the paradox of collective security organizations”?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________



Session 5: Tue - 22 Jan Foreign Policy in the Cold War and Post-Cold War Era, Part II

Readings: Lind, Chapters 7-8, pp. 110-150. Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 7 “The Cold War” 1) Lind argues that the U.S. strategy that emerged after World War II was one of “dual

containment.” What does he mean by this?

2) How was the role of the United States different in its alliances during the Cold War versus its alliances in World Wars I and II?

3) What is the “bandwagon effect,” and how did it influence US strategy in the Cold War?

4) What is the difference between “symmetrical containment” and “asymmetrical containment”? Which had fewer costs?

Discussion Questions for Lind Chapter 8 “The Cold Peace” 1) Lind argues that the immediate post-Cold War era was characterized by a debate

between five different schools of thought, or grand strategies. What were they?

2) Which school of thought/grand strategy emerged in the immediate post-Cold War era as the dominant consensus and what event was responsible for the rise of that consensus, according to Lind?

3) What does Lind mean by use of the term “Pax Americana”?

4) Over what issue did Chinese General Zhu Chenghu warn of a possible Chinese nuclear retaliation against the United States in July 2005?

5) What were the three grievances cited by Osama bin Laden in justifying the attacks of 9/11?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Movie Night Wed - 23 Jan “Bridge of Spies” (Time TBD) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 6: Tue - 24 Jan The Making of US Foreign Policy: Key Government Institutions

Readings: Lantis, Chap. 4, Section I, pp. 68-99.



Discussion Questions for Lantis, Chapter 4

1) Who should run foreign policy, Congress or the president? Why?

2) What are the potential advantages of a competitive model of presidential management of the foreign policy process? Would a “team of rivals” produce optimal foreign policy? Why or why not?

3) How would you compare the presidential management and leadership styles of George W. Bush and Barack Obama (and Donald Trump)?

4) What are the primary Congressional instruments of power in foreign policy? To what degree does Congressional engagement democratize foreign policy?

5) What is the power of the judicial branch in relation to foreign policy? Why has it not assumed a greater role in guiding foreign affairs, and should it do so? Why or why not?

6) Do you think it wise to value democratic governance over efficiency in the foreign policy process? What are the philosophical and practical implications of such a choice?

Session 7: Thu - 29 Jan The Rise of the Imperial Presidency Readings: Lind, Chapter 9, pp. 151-170.

Donald R. Wolfensberger, “The Return of the Imperial Presidency?” The Wilson Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Spring 2002), pp. 36-41. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40260602?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 9 “U.S. Hegemony and the American Way of Life”

(1) Lind characterizes U.S. post-Cold War strategy as seeking to maintain a position of primacy, or global hegemony. What are the twin objectives of such a strategy, according to Lind?

(2) What are Lind’s two main criticisms of this strategy of hegemony?

(3) Lind claims that the idea that the global conflicts of the twentieth century were produced by a security dilemma in Europe “is simply wrong.” Instead, how does he characterize these conflicts?

(4) What is the “Lippmann Gap”?

(5) What figure does Lind cite as probably reflecting the true cost of the Iraq War?

(6) How, according to Lind, did the world wars and the Cold War create an “imperial presidency”?

(7) Lind argues that implementing a strategy of U.S. global hegemony is based on three categories or types of policies? What are they?

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40260602?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents



(8) Lind asserts that the US strategy of global hegemony cannot be explained honestly to the American people. Why not?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 8: Tue - 31 Jan The Making of US Foreign Policy: Bureaucracies, Interest Groups, and Political Parties

Readings: Lantis, Chaps. 5-6, pp. 116-203. Lind, Chap. 10, pp. 171-188.

Lantis, Chapter 5 Discussion Questions- Bureaucracies

1) What is the theory of bureaucratic politics? What are examples of how this theory may be applied to real-world foreign policy decision-making?

2) In your opinion, what is the most influential foreign policy bureaucracy today, and why?

3) Are bureaucracies effective at promoting US national interests? Why or why not?

4) Defense spending in the United States typically consumes 19 percent of federal budget expenditures (or $680 billion in 2010). What are some of the justifications for such significant spending for one bureaucracy?

5) Is it ethical for the Central Intelligence Agency and other bureaucracies to conduct covert operations? Why or why not?

6) In your opinion, what principles should guide government in balancing the need for national security wiretaps against the constitutional right of privacy?

Lantis, Chapter 6 Discussion Questions - Interest Groups and Political Parties

1) How democratic is the foreign policy decision-making process?

2) Describe some influential interest groups in the US foreign policy process. Select one interest group and complete additional research. What are the group’s primary missions, main sources of funding, and lobbying activities?

3) How effective have interest groups been in shaping US foreign policy, and why?

4) In your opinion, should interest groups be allowed to have such sway over domestic and foreign policy? Why or why not?

5) Do political parties help make the policy-making process more democratic? Why or why not?



6) Why do you think third parties have not been as successful as the two major parties in US history?

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 10 “A Concert of Power”

1) Lind identifies four alternative “grand strategies for the United States. What are they?

2) Why does Lind reject isolationism?

3) What is the strategy of “offshore balancing,” and what does Lind assert are its two primary flaws?

4) What is a “concert of power” strategy, and what are its basic elements?

5) According to Lind, what are some flaws in the UN Security Council as an international organization?

6) Which international organization does Lind prefer as a model of international governance/grand strategy? Why?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 9: Tue - 5 Feb US Foreign Policy and Track II Diplomacy Readings: Diana Chigas, “Track II (Citizen) Diplomacy,” Knowledge Base, August 2003,

available at: https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/track2_diplomacy/.

Charles Homans, "Track II Diplomacy: A Short History," Foreign Policy, June 20, 2011, Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/06/20/track-ii-diplomacy-a-short-history/.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 10: Thu - 7 Feb The Military Dimension of US Foreign Policy

Readings: Lind, Chapter 12, pp. 207-224.

Alexander L. George, “The Uses of Military Force - The Role of Force In Diplomacy,” FRONTLINE, PBS, November 2015. Available at: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/military/force/article.html.

https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/track2_diplomacy/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/06/20/track-ii-diplomacy-a-short-history/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/06/20/track-ii-diplomacy-a-short-history/

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/military/force/article.html

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/military/force/article.html



Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 12, “The American Way of Military Strategy”

1) Who should share the burden of restraining a regional aggressor in the future?

2) Lind states that US victory in each of the three titanic contests of the twentieth century was based on variants of the same strategy. What was that strategy?

3) What is the difference between “symmetrical containment” and “asymmetrical containment”?

4) Lind asserts that it would be a mistake to “mechanically apply the lessons of Cold War I to a future Cold War II or Cold War III.” He draws two tentative conclusions from this. What are they?

5) According to Lind, what is the “greatest weapon in the American arsenal”?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 11: Tue - 12 Feb Nuclear Weapons and US Foreign Policy Readings: Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Matters, 2016

Nuclear Matters Handbook, Chapter 2: “Evolution of the Nuclear Deterrent — A History,” Available at: https://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nmhb/chapters/chapter_2.htm

Office of the Secretary of Defense, “Executive Summary,” 2018 Nuclear Posture Review, pp. v-xvii. Available at: https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 12: Thu - 14 Feb International Perceptions of US Foreign and Defense Policies and Origins of Anti-Americanism

Readings: Pew Research Center, "Anti-Americanism: Causes and Characteristics,"

December 10, 2003, available at: http://www.pewglobal.org/2003/12/10/anti-americanism-causes-and-characteristics/.

Shibley Telhami and Barry Rubin, “Anti-Americanism: Due to What the U.S. Is or What the U.S. Does?” PolicyWatch #811, The Washington Institute, December 2, 2003. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/anti-americanism-due-to-what-the-u.s.-is-or-what-the-u.s.-does.

https://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nmhb/chapters/chapter_2.htm

https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF

https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF

http://www.pewglobal.org/2003/12/10/anti-americanism-causes-and-characteristics/

http://www.pewglobal.org/2003/12/10/anti-americanism-causes-and-characteristics/

https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/anti-americanism-due-to-what-the-u.s.-is-or-what-the-u.s.-does

https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/anti-americanism-due-to-what-the-u.s.-is-or-what-the-u.s.-does



____________________________________________________________________________________________________

No class Tue - 19 Feb [Monday instruction] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 13: Thu - 21 Feb MIDTERM REVIEW AND EXAM (In class) __________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 14: Tue - 26 Feb US Diplomacy and Negotiating Behavior (Serving on a Delegation)

Readings: Nigel Quinney, "U.S. Negotiating Behavior," Special Report 94, Washington,

DC: United States Institute of Peace USIP, October 2002. Available at: https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr94.pdf.

“Serving on a Delegation,” PowerPoint briefing. __________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 15: Thu - 28 Feb Trade Policy, US Extended Deterrence and Security Guarantees

Readings: Lind, Chapter 13, pp. 225-248.

Bruno Tertrais, “Security Assurances and the Future of Proliferation,” Conference Paper, Over-the-Horizon Threats: WMD Proliferation 2020, June 2007. [Learning Suite]

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 13 “The American Way of Trade”

1) The US has had three major trade policy throughout its history. What are they?

2) What does Lind see as the greatest risk associated with the third (and current trade policy)?

3) What does Lind consider to be the three “myths of globalization”?

4) In what three ways is globalization a threat to US national security?

5) How does Lind characterize tariffs as a way to protect US strategic industries?

https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr94.pdf



Learning Activity. Be prepared to answer the following questions:

(1) What is the difference between a Negative Security Assurance and a Positive Security Assurance?

(2) What is the difference between a “legally-binding” agreement, and a “politically-binding” agreement?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 16: Tue - 5 Mar Public Opinion and the Media

Readings: Lantis, Chap. 7, pp. 204-225.

Lantis Chapter 7 Discussion Questions

1) Describe the scholarly debate about public opinion in the foreign policy process. What arguments for, or against, public opinion do you find compelling, and why?

2) What is the “attentive public,” and how can it be differentiated from the mass public in relation to the foreign policy process?

3) In general, what is the relationship between US public opinion and foreign policy actions in the past decade?

4) Media habits seem to be changing rapidly. Do you believe it is a problem more people get their news from the Internet than newspapers? Why or why not?

5) One respected poll released in 2004 indicated that 21 percent of young people regularly learned about the news from The Daily Show and Saturday Night Live. This number has likely increased. Do you believe this is a problem? Why or why not?

6) What do you think about arguments that the future of the news – and thereby, the future of informed participation in democracy and foreign policy decision-making – is in peril?

7) In your opinion, what are the “best” sources of news available today? How do you get your news about United States politics and global affairs?

8) Finally, what policies or remedies would you prescribe to ensure the future of informed participation in democracy and foreign policy decision-making?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 17: Thu - 7 Mar Strategic Communications for Crisis Management Readings: Paul Cornish, Julian Lindley-French and Claire Yorke, “Strategic

Communications and National Strategy,” A Chatham House Report (London: Chatham House, 2011), pp. 8-30. Available at:



https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/International%20Security/r0911stratcomms.pdf

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 18: Tue - 12 Mar Review ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 19: Thu - 14 Mar Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Nuclear Nonproliferation

Readings: Council on Foreign Relations, The Global Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime,

Report by the International Institutions and Global Governance Program, May 21, 2012. Available at: https://www.cfr.org/report/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime

Robert Einhorn, Non-proliferation challenges facing the Trump administration, Brookings Institution, March 2017. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/research/non-proliferation-challenges-facing-the-trump-administration/

For Further Reference:

Kroenig, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy, Chapter 8, “Nuclear Nonproliferation,” pp. 159-177. Scott D. Sagan, “Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons? Three Models in Search of a Bomb,” International Security, Vol. 21, No. 3. (Winter, 1996-1997), pp. 54-86. Available at: https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Why_Do_States_Build_Nuclear_Weapons.pdf

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 20: Tue - 19 Mar INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CRISIS SIMULATION-Part I Reading: U.S. Diplomacy Center, International Nuclear Crisis: Non-Proliferation and

National Security, participant handbook. [Available on Learning Suite] __________________________________________________________________________________________



https://www.cfr.org/report/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime

https://www.cfr.org/report/global-nuclear-nonproliferation-regime

https://www.brookings.edu/research/non-proliferation-challenges-facing-the-trump-administration/

https://www.brookings.edu/research/non-proliferation-challenges-facing-the-trump-administration/

https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Why_Do_States_Build_Nuclear_Weapons.pdf

https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Why_Do_States_Build_Nuclear_Weapons.pdf



Session 21: Thu - 21 Mar INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR CRISIS SIMULATION-Part II ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 22: Tue - 26 Mar Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: The Rise of China [Info Memo Due]

Reading: Lind, Chapter 11, pgs. 189-206. For Further Reference:

Joshua Shifrinson, “The rise of China, balance of power theory and US national security: Reasons for optimism?” Journal of Strategic Studies, (2018): 1-42. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2018.1558056?needAccess=true

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 11 “American Strategy in the Asian Century”

1) According to Lind (p. 191): “The political domination of the West over the rest of the world came to an end in the last century; Western economic domination will come to an end in this one.” Do you agree or disagree?

2) According to Lind, what is happening to America’s share of global wealth and power?

3) In the twenty-first century, where will most of the world’s military and industrial strength be concentrated?

4) How important is Taiwan to US foreign policy, in Lind’s view?

5) What should be the US stance toward a peaceful reunification of the Korean peninsula?

6) What should the US do with its alliances with Japan and Germany?

7) Lind says the post-war US policy of isolating and containing Russia is “irrational.” Do you agree or disagree?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 23: Thu - 28 Mar Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Russia Readings: Matthew Wallin, “U.S. Foreign Policy Toward Russia: An Overview of Strategy

and Considerations,” White Paper, American Security Project, November

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2018.1558056?needAccess=true

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2018.1558056?needAccess=true



2017. Available at: https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ref-0207-US-Foreign-Policy-Toward-Russia.pdf.

Zach Dorfman, "What Is Trump’s Foreign Policy on Russia?” Rolling Stone Magazine, February 13, 2018. Available at: https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/what-is-trumps-foreign-policy-on-russia-253634/. Daniel P. Vajdich, “Trump’s Russia Policy Is Better Than Obama’s Was,” Foreign Policy Magazine, April 13, 2018, Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/13/trumps-russia-policy-is-better-than-obamas/#. Emma Ashford, “How Reflexive Hostility to Russia Harms U.S. Interests, Washington Needs a More Realistic Approach,” April 27, 2018. Originally published in Foreign Affairs, available at: http://eng.majalla.com/2018/04/article55256229/reflexive-hostility-russia-harms-u-s-interests.

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Session 24: Tue - 2 Apr Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Cyber Readings: Elizabeth Lee, “More Dependence on Internet Leads to More Cyberattacks

Worldwide,” Voice of America News. August 26, 2017 Available at: https://www.voanews.com/a/dependence-on-internet-leads-to-more-cyberattacks/4001712.html.

Tarah Wheeler, “In Cyberwar, There Are No Rules: Why the World Desperately Needs Digital Geneva Conventions,” Foreign Policy, September 12, 2018. Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/12/in-cyberwar-there-are-no-rules-cybersecurity-war-defense/.

Michael Sulmeyer, “How the U.S. Can Play Cyber-Offense: Deterrence Isn't Enough,” Foreign Affairs, March 22, 2018. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-03-22/how-us-can-play-cyber-offense. US Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Issues, Recommendations to the President on Protecting American Cyber Interests through International Engagement, May 31, 2018. Available at: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/282224.pdf.

https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ref-0207-US-Foreign-Policy-Toward-Russia.pdf

https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Ref-0207-US-Foreign-Policy-Toward-Russia.pdf

https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/what-is-trumps-foreign-policy-on-russia-253634/

https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/what-is-trumps-foreign-policy-on-russia-253634/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/13/trumps-russia-policy-is-better-than-obamas/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/13/trumps-russia-policy-is-better-than-obamas/

http://eng.majalla.com/2018/04/article55256229/reflexive-hostility-russia-harms-u-s-interests

http://eng.majalla.com/2018/04/article55256229/reflexive-hostility-russia-harms-u-s-interests

https://www.voanews.com/a/dependence-on-internet-leads-to-more-cyberattacks/4001712.html

https://www.voanews.com/a/dependence-on-internet-leads-to-more-cyberattacks/4001712.html

https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/12/in-cyberwar-there-are-no-rules-cybersecurity-war-defense/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/12/in-cyberwar-there-are-no-rules-cybersecurity-war-defense/

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-03-22/how-us-can-play-cyber-offense

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2018-03-22/how-us-can-play-cyber-offense

https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/282224.pdf



For further reference:

Erica D. Borghard and Shawn W. Lonergan, “Why Are There No Cyber Arms Control Agreements?” Blog Post for Net Politics, January 16, 2018. Available at: https://www.cfr.org/blog/why-are-there-no-cyber-arms-control-agreements.

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Session 25: Thu - 4 Apr Contemporary Foreign Policy Issues: Terrorism Reading: Lantis, Chapter 4, Section II, pp. 100-115. Discussion Questions: (1) Is contemporary terrorism “new”? (2) Is religion a cause of New Terrorism? (3) Why hasn’t there been a nuclear terrorism event? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 26: Tue - 9 Apr DEBATE: A New Grand Strategy for the Twenty-First Century

Readings: Lantis, pp. 262-281.

[additional readings TBD] Position 1: International Engagement: A new US foreign policy should be strongly

multilateral – vital interests are global [Lantis, p. 263] Position 2: Selective Engagement (Off-shore Balancing): A new US foreign policy should

permit engagement only where absolutely necessary. Position 3: Cooperative Security: A new US foreign policy should emphasis mutual

security with equal burden-sharing. Position 4: Neo-Isolationism: A New Foreign Policy Should be Isolationist/Parochial –

Vital Interests are Domestic [Lantis, p. 270] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

https://www.cfr.org/blog/why-are-there-no-cyber-arms-control-agreements

https://www.cfr.org/blog/why-are-there-no-cyber-arms-control-agreements



Session 27: Thu - 11 Apr The Rise and Fall of US Primacy Readings: Lantis, Chap. 8, pp. 243-281.

Lantis, Chap. 9, pp. 282-296. Lind, Chapter 14, pp. 249-259. Stephen M. Walt, “American Primacy: Its Prospects and Pitfalls,” Naval War College Review, Vol. LV, No. 2, (Spring 2002), pp. 9-28. Available at: https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/american-primacy-its-prospects-and-pitfalls Randall Schweller, “Three Cheers for Trump’s Foreign Policy: What the Establishment Misses,” Mike Eckel, "Democratic House Brings Uncertainty to Trump Foreign Policy"

Lantis, Chapter 8 Discussion Questions

1) What are grand strategies, and why do countries develop them?

2) What are the main principles behind a grand strategy of hegemony or unilateralism? In your opinion, has the United States ever followed this grand strategy in its history? How and why?

3) Describe the grand strategy of multilateralism. What is the logic or rationale supporting multilateral engagement? Does multilateralism benefit great powers? Why or why not?

4) What are the main principles behind a grand strategy of isolationism/parochialism? Has the United States ever followed this grand strategy in its history? How and why?

5) How did US grand strategy evolve in the post-Cold War era? How has it evolved in the post-September 11 era?

Discussion Questions for Lind, Chapter 14 “The World Order Which We Should Seek”

1) Lind quotes President Kennedy as saying “we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foes, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” How does Lind characterize this in terms of the historic American way of strategy?

2) What is the purpose of the American way of strategy?

3) Lind says that, in addition to enjoying successes, American strategy has also had two periods of strategic failures. What two periods were those and what grand strategies are associated with each period?

4) What does Lind consider the “greatest threat to the American way of life”?

https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/american-primacy-its-prospects-and-pitfalls

https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/american-primacy-its-prospects-and-pitfalls



____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 28: Thu - 16 Apr FINAL REVIEW ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Session 29: Tue - 23 Apr FINAL EXAM: 11am – 2pm B124 MARB



ADDITIONAL UNIVERSITY POLICIES Plagiarism While all students sign the honor code, there are still specific skills most students need to master over time in order to correctly cite sources, especially in this new age of the internet; as well as deal with the stress and strain of college life without resorting to cheating. Please know that as your professor I will notice instances of cheating on exams or plagiarizing on papers. General information about the honor code can be found at honorcode.byu.edu. Details about Academic Honesty are found at http://writingcenter.byu.edu/handouts/TheWritingProcess/plagarism.htm. Writing submitted for credit at BYU must consist of the student's own ideas presented in sentences and paragraphs of his or her own construction. The work of other writers or speakers may be included when appropriate (as in a research paper or book review), but such material must support the student's own work (not substitute for it) and must be clearly identified by appropriate introduction and punctuation and by footnoting or other standard referencing. The substitution of another person's work for the student's own or the inclusion of another person's work without adequate acknowledgment (whether done intentionally or not) is known as plagiarism. It is a violation of academic, ethical, and legal standards and can result in a failing grade not only for the paper but also for the course in which the paper is written. In extreme cases, it can justify expulsion from the University. Because of the seriousness of the possible consequences, students who wonder if their papers are within these guidelines should visit the Writing Lab or consult a faculty member who specializes in the teaching of writing or who specializes in the subject discussed in the paper. Useful books to consult on the topic include the current Harbrace College Handbook, the MLA Handbook, and James D. Lester's Writing Research Papers. Preventing & Responding to Sexual Misconduct In accordance with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Brigham Young University prohibits unlawful sex discrimination against any participant in its education programs or activities. The university also prohibits sexual harassment—including sexual violence—committed by or against students, university employees, and visitors to campus. As outlined in university policy, sexual harassment, dating violence, domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking are considered forms of "Sexual Misconduct" prohibited by the university. University policy requires all university employees in a teaching, managerial, or supervisory role to report all incidents of Sexual Misconduct that come to their attention in any way, including but not limited to face-to-face conversations, a written class assignment or paper, class discussion, email, text, or social media post. Incidents of Sexual Misconduct should be reported to the Title IX Coordinator at [email protected] or (801) 422-8692. Reports may also be submitted through EthicsPoint at https://titleix.byu.edu/report or 1-888-238-1062 (24-hours a day). 21 BYU offers confidential resources for those affected by Sexual Misconduct, including the university’s Victim Advocate, as well as a number of non-confidential resources and services that may be helpful. Additional information about Title IX, the university’s Sexual Misconduct Policy, reporting

http://writingcenter.byu.edu/handouts/TheWritingProcess/plagarism.htm



requirements, and resources can be found at http://titleix.byu.edu or by contacting the university’s Title IX Coordinator. Students with Disabilities Brigham Young University is committed to providing a working and learning atmosphere which reasonably accommodates qualified persons with disabilities. If you have any disability which may impair your ability to complete this course successfully, please contact the University Accessibility Center (422-2767). Reasonable academic accommodations are reviewed for all students who have qualified documented disabilities. Services are coordinated with the student and instructor by the UAC office. If you need assistance or if you feel you have been unlawfully discriminated against on the basis of disability, you may seek resolution through established grievance policy and procedures. You should contact the Equal Employment Opportunity Office at 422-5895, D-282 ASB. Counseling and Psychological Services Many students at BYU struggle with stress, depression, and other emotional challenges. BYU’s office of Counseling and Psychological Services offers a variety of helpful services to deal with these very common issues. Counseling is available and free of cost for full-time students with concerns such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, interpersonal conflict, marital problems, self-esteem, social relationships, and stress management. All of these services, consistent with the highest standards of professional psychology, are provided in a confidential manner. Counseling and Psychological Services is located at 1500 WSC and by phone at 801-422-3035. Visit their website at https://caps.byu.edu/ for more information or to make an appointment.

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