Versailles & Russia (1917-1935) I.WWI Ends (1914-1918) A.Paris Peace Conference 1.Mood 2.Treaty II.Russia (1917-1935) A.Background-terms B.Background-history.

Versailles & Russia(1917-1935)

I. WWI Ends (1914-1918)A. Paris Peace Conference

1. Mood2. Treaty

II. Russia (1917-1935)A. Background-termsB. Background-historyC. Revolution/Civil WarD. Lenin

• Treaty & PhilosophyE. Stalin

• Rise & Plan

Key Terms• Georges Clemenceau• Woodrow Wilson• Versailles Treaty• Socialism• Communism• Treaty of Brest

Litovsk• Leninism• Purges• 5 Year Plan

Country Dead Wounded % of Pop

Germany 2,037,000 4,207,000 3.82%

Russia 1,811,000 1,450,000 1.89%

France 1,398,000 2,000,000 4.29%

Austria-Hungary 1,100,000 3,620,000 3.05%

British Empire 921,000 2,090,000 2.19%

Turkey 804,000 400,000 13.72%

Italy 578,000 950,000 3.48%

US 114,000 206,000 .13%

Total Casualties In World War One

Paris Peace Conference

Left to right: Lloyd George (GB), Sonnino (Italy), Clemenceau (France), Wilson (US)

Paris Peace Conference(1918)

• French Premier• Goal: Punish

Germany!

Georges Clemenceau

(1841-1929)

Results Of Franco-Prussian War(1870-1871)

1. Germany became unified as a nation.

2. France had to pay reparations of $5 billion.

3. France had to give territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany.

Significance: Insured French hatred of Germany.

Paris Peace Conference(1918)

• US President• Goal: Peace without

“Victors” & League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson

(1856-1924)

Versailles Treaty(1918)

1. Germany was forced to admit sole responsibility for causing WWI.

2. Germany was forced to pay the cost of the war.

3. German military was dramatically reduced.

4. German Rhineland was to be a demilitarized zone.

5. Territory of Alsace & Lorraine was returned to France.

Definition Of Terms

• Public (or government) ownership of all business.

• After a nation industrializes workers stage a bloody, violent revolution.

• A police state is established to crush all opposition and insure success of revolution.

• When ready, a “Workers Dictatorship” is established; social classes are abolished and people live as equals.

Socialism

Communism

Russian “Backwardness”(In 1900)

• No Enlightenment; little Industrialization

• 75-80% of population were peasants in 1900

• 90% at or below poverty in 1900

Russian village before Revolution

WWI & Russia

• WWI was unpopular—no food & people protested (1917).

Russia & WWI

Czar Nicholas II abdicated in 1917; later he was executed

Anastasia = Mystery(Daughter of Czar Nicholas)

WWI & Russian Revolution—A New Leader

• Returned to Russia DURING WWI to lead Revolution

• He promised: “Peace, Land & Bread”

Vladimir Ilich Lenin

(1870-1924)

• Forced Russia out of WWI

Treaty of Brest Litovsk(March, 1918)

1. Russia surrendered to Germany & left WWI

2. Cost: Russia lost 25% of its territory to Germany

Significance: Increased Lenin’s popularity—because he brought an end to WWI!

Communist Manifesto(1848)

1. Throughout history, all societies have had class conflict.

2. Those with power (owners) exploit workers.3. Once a country becomes industrialized,

workers will overthrow owners in a bloody & violent revolution.

Result: Establishment of society based on equality.

Lenin’s Philosophy

1. Workers AND PEASANTS could unite in a Revolution to topple the government.

2. All factories & land should be seized by this new government.

3. In short-run, establish a Communist Dictatorship until true Communism can be established.

His ideas were still controversial & Russia faced civil war from 1918-1921.

WWI & Russian Revolution

• By 1921 civil war ended & Lenin was Russia’s leader.

• In 1924 he suffered a stroke.

Lenin’s Body

Religion = “Opiate of the masses.”

A New Leader…?

• From a poor family; excellent organizer

• Purges: Stalin often simply imprisoned or executed opponents (Trotsky)

Joseph Stalin

(1879-1953)

Cathedral of Christ the Savior

Originally built as symbol of victory over Napoleon;

19th Century image

The old temple was destroyed in 1931 to be

replaced with a new one.

Posters = Propaganda

Brotherhood of workers Promotes Industrialization

Stalin’s Five Year Plan(1928-1933)

Goal: Modernize Russia ASAP!• Industry-production increased by 400% (by 1940)• 90% of farmland was “Collectivized” &

modernized to improve efficiency (by 1933)

Cost• Hundreds of thousands killed & imprisoned-many

in Siberia• Famine-7 million die in Ukraine (1932-33)

Versailles & Russia(1917-1935)

I. WWI Ends (1914-1918)A. Paris Peace Conference

1. Mood2. Treaty

II. Russia (1917-1935)A. Background-termsB. Background-historyC. Revolution/Civil WarD. Lenin

• Treaty & PhilosophyE. Stalin

• Rise & Plan

Key Terms• Georges Clemenceau• Woodrow Wilson• Versailles Treaty• Socialism• Communism• Treaty of Brest

Litovsk• Leninism• Purges• 5 Year Plan