11,05 1 LIMBA ENGLEZA CROITORU M. ANA MARIA COLEGIUL XENOPOL
9.3010.20
cl. a 12-a, L1, Reports. Modal verbs. Unit 7: Responsibilities,
manual English Horizons, OUP
Rada Blan i colectiv, English Horizons, Student`s Book 12,
Editura OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS VERBELE MODALE N LIMBA ENGLEZ
Caracteristicile generale ale verbelor modale: - Au numai infinitiv
scurt (nu au particula "to"); - Nu au forma cu "-ing" i nici
participiu; - Au aceeai form pentru toate persoanele (nu au "-s",
"-es" la persoana a 3-a singular); - n forma negativ nu folosesc
verbul "do", ci numai NOT (I cannot dance tonight.); - Fac
interogativul numai prin inversare (May I have this dance?); -
Formarea lui "nu-i aa" n propoziiile care folosesc verbe modale, se
face folosind verbul modal (I can play the game, can't I? -> Pot
sa joc jocul, nu-i aa?) - Verbele modale nu pot forma anumite
timpuri, de aceea, se inlocuiesc cu alte verbe. can se nlocuiete cu
to be able to may se nlocuiete cu to be allowed to must se
nlocuiete cu to have to - CAN si MAY au forme de trecut: can ->
could may -> might CAN 1. exprim capacitatea fizica sau
intelectuala 2. pentru a exprima imposibilitatea sau neincrederea
3. pentru a exprima permisiunea in limbajul neoficial 4. pentru a
exprima continuitatea verbelor de perceptie
MAY 1. cand se cere permisiunea in mod oficial, politicos 2.
exprima posibilitatea 3. exprima o dorinta MUST 1. cand se exprima
o obligatie interna (subiectiva, personala) 2. pentru a exprima o
deductie logica, o concluzie
OUGTH TO 1. "Ought to" se foloseste cu precadere pentru a
exprima o recomandare SHALL 1. pentru a exprima solicitarea unui
sfat, o ofert sau o sugestie (Folosit cu persoana I, interogativ)
2. pentru a exprima o promisiune, o obligaie sau o ameninare care
provin de la cel care vorbete ( Folosit cu persoanele II i III) 3.
pentru a exprima o hotarare 4. pentru a exprima o interdictie in
acte oficiale WILL 1. pentru a exprima vointa, hotarare 2. pentru a
exprima o promisiune 3. pentru a exprima o posibilitate,
presupunere 4. pentru a exprima ceva inevitabil 5. pentru a inlocui
prezentul simplu pentru o actiune obisnuita, repetata 6. pentru a
exprima o invitatie, cerere politicoasa NEED, USED TO, DARE NEED /
NOT NEED - este folosit pentru a exprima necesitatea sau lipsa
acesteia USED TO - este folosit doar la Past Tense, pentru a
exprima: 1) o actiune repetata, un obicei trecut, care nu mai este
precticat in prezent 2) o actiune repetata, un obicei trecut, care
mai este practicat si in prezent DARE - se foloseste cu sensul de
"a indrazni", in special in propozitii interogative si negative
Modal Verb Tutorial Modals are special verbs which behave very
irregularly in English. Englishpage.com has created one of the most
in-depth modal tutorials in print or online. Study the modal
explanations and complete the associated exercises and take
another
step toward English fluency. If you want to use the Modal Verb
Tutorial as a reference only and do not want to complete the
tutorial Click Here . The tutorial should be completed as follows:
1. Read this introduction page including the section below titled
"What are Modal Verbs?" 2. Complete the exercises below. After each
exercise, we have listed the modals covered. Just click on the
modal link to learn more about its use.
EXERCISES Modal Exercise 1 Modal Exercise 2 Modal Exercise 3
Modal Exercise 4 Modal Exercise 5 Modal Exercise 6 Modal Exercise 7
Modal Final Test
TOPICS COVERED Can , Could , Have to , Must , Might and Should
Have to and Must Might , Must and Should . Afterwards, you can
repeat the exercise using Could , Have to and Ought to Couldn't and
Might not Have got to , Had Better , May and Shall Could , Might ,
Should and Would Modal Verbs Forms Cumulative Modal Test
What are Modal Verbs? Modal verbs are special verbs which behave
very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important
differences: 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.
Examples:
He can speak Chinese. She should be here by 9:00.
2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple
Present and Simple Past. Examples:
He should not be late. They might not come to the party.
3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the
future tenses. Examples:
He will can go with us. Not Correct She musted study very hard.
Not Correct
Common Modal Verbs Can Could May Might Must Ought to Shall
Should Will Would
For the purposes of this tutorial, we have included some
expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have
to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to
modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.
ExerciiiCAN COULD HAVE TO MUST MIGHT SHOULD 1. Ted's flight from
Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He be exhausted after such a
long and flight. He prefer explore to stay in tonight the and get
some rest. 2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city
is laid out, you walk downtown waterfront. 3. Hiking the trail to
the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic
weather changes. You research the route a little more before you
attempt the ascent. 4. When you have a small child in the house,
you leave small objects lying around. Such 5. 6. Nathan: Jenny's
engagement objects Dave: be you swallowed, hold your No, ring is
enormous! It causing breath serious for I have cost a injury more
or than even a death. minute? can't. fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they
don't get enough water,
they
die.
8. I speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in
Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little
exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a
child. Now, I just say a few things in the language. 9. The book is
optional. My professor said we read it if we needed extra credit.
But we read it if we don't want to. 10. Leo: Where is the spatula?
It be in this drawer but it's not here. Nancy: I just did a load of
dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It be in
there. there's hold 14. Ned: a That's storm it I north the of only
here and we your it other rain get lighter for place later on to a
this it be. afternoon. Chicago. minute? 11. You take your umbrella
along with you today. The weatherman on the news said 12. we pull
over at the next rest stop? I really use the bathroom and I don't
know if I until borrow 13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the
coffee table. He have left it here last night. Stephen: Sure, no
problem. Actually, you keep it if you want to. I've given up
smoking. 15. I believe she said that to Megan! She insult her
cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She have just
said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making
me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza. 17. Mrs. Scarlett's
body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm!
Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer be someone
in this room. It be any one of us!!! 18. Ted: I don't know why
Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding. Pamela: It
have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just
nervous. After before all, the big you day is tomorrow. speak? 19.
you always say the first thing that pops into your head? you think
once in awhile
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I
never took it out of this
room. It be lying around here somewhere. Where it be? be
swallowed, causing serious injury or even death. MUST HAVE TO 1. I
be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably take a taxi if I want
to be on time. 2. You submit the application if it has not been
completely filled out. Check that the name, address, and background
information are correct. If the form is not accurate and complete,
sent you will be rejected and you will reapply at a later date.
them? 3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But,
there's no card. Who could have Stephanie: It have been David. He's
the only one who would send you flowers. 4. You forget to pay the
rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time. 5.
You be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.
6. If you are over 18 in California, you take a driver training
course to get a driver's license. You can have a friend or a family
member teach you instead. But remember, you penny hundred Lilly:
miles That still get your to to have the cost permit before their
nearest a you start practicing. name. mechanic. fortune! 7. You be
rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know
haven't got a 8. Ed: My car broke down in Death Valley last week. I
have it towed more than a
9. While hiking in Alaska, you keep an eye out for bears. If you
see one, you approach it. They are beautiful animals; however, they
are wild and unpredictable in nature. You be afraid of them, but
educating yourself about the dangers can help keep you safe. 10. I
go to work tomorrow because it is Memorial Day. The best thing
about a day off from work is that I get up at 6:00; I can sleep in
till noon if I want to. 11. Yesterday, I cram all day for my French
final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight. 12. Nate: Oh no!
I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the
airport. Barbara: She still be sitting there waiting for us.
13. Ingrid received a scholarship to Yale University which will
cover 100% of the tuition. She worry at all about the increasing
cost of education. 14. When I was a child my grandmother was
continually correcting our manners. She always used to say, "One
eat with one's mouth open." Or, she would correct us by saying,
"One rest one's elbows on the table." And every time I wanted to
leave the table, she would say, "One ask to be excused." 15. I've
redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is
wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book be
wrong!
MIGHT
MUST
SHOULD
1. Nancy said you didn't need to buy her anything for her
birthday, but I really think you at least get her some flowers or a
nice bottle of wine. 2. Debbie said she was really busy this week,
but I think she show up at the party if she doesn't have to work
overtime on Friday. 3. Nina said she would come over right after
work, so she be here by 6:00. 4. Oh my God, he's unconscious. Don't
move him - he have internal injuries. Somebody call an ambulance.
5. You be kidding! That can't be true. 6. Dan: Where's the remote
control? I want to change the channel. Fiona: I don't know. It be
under the couch. Or, perhaps I absent-mindedly took it into the
kitchen. I'll check in there. 7. For most people, learning a
language is a challenging undertaking. Experts agree that to make
the most of your language learning experience, you practice the
language regularly and push yourself to maintain old vocabulary
while acquiring new words and expressions. 8. New research suggests
that exercise can reduce the chance of heart disease as well as
cancer. That's why I told my father that he start walking once a
day. 9. We should invite Sally and her husband to come to the
picnic on Saturday. We haven't seen them in weeks, and they really
enjoy a nice day at the beach. 10. Tim: While I was a student, I
spent a year and a half studying Pygmy culture in the Central
African Republic. My research focused on unique aspects of the
their social structure and religion. Simona: That have been
absolutely fascinating! 11. We had better call Tony to see if he's
at home before we go over to his house. He be there and we don't
want to drive all the way over there for nothing. 12. At first, my
boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked
with Sam, I told my boss that he take another look at his resume
and reconsider him for the position. 13. You worry so much. It
doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If
you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find
work. 14. I would love to go on the cruise to Tahiti with Robin and
Michelle. But such a
luxurious trip cost a fortune. I doubt I could afford something
like that. 15. The book recommends adding fresh soil and using
plant food to make your garden flowers grow. Since some people
might be allergic to chemicals in artificial plant foods, the book
says that you use an organic brand to avoid skin irritations.
MULTIPLE CHOICE EXERCISE Choose the correct answer for each gap
below, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. 1. I'm
not really sure where Beverly is. She in the living room, or
perhaps she's in the backyard. 2. Doug the video we rented on his
way to work. It was on the table, but now it's gone. 3. You the air
pressure in your tires. You don't want to get a flat tire on your
trip. 4. The computer isn't working. It during production. 5. The
package tomorrow afternoon. It was sent by express mail this
morning. 6. You the tickets for the play in advance - they sell out
quickly. 7. You can't mean that! You . 8. If Debbie hasn't come
home yet, she for us in the coffee shop. 9. Mike decided not to
join us for lunch. He at work to finish the marketing report. 10.
If I had gone with my friends to Jamaica, I on a white sand beach
right now. 11. If I had gone with my friends to Jamaica, I come to
work this week. 12. If I had gone with my friends to Jamaica, I
scuba diving lessons. 13. Margaret agreed to meet us at the
entrance to the theater. She for us when we get there. 14. It Sam
who called and didn't leave a message on the answering machine. He
said he wanted to get together with us this weekend. 15. The
machine on by flipping this switch. 16. She . That could have been
why her eyes were so red and swollen. 17. If she was crying, she
very upset. 18. That painting by Picasso. It could be a forgery.
19. Your diving equipment regularly if you want to keep it in good
condition. 20. If I hadn't taken a taxi, I for you at the train
station for hours.
VERBE MODALE Verbele can, may, must se numesc verbe modale,
pentru ca exprima atitudinea vorbitorului fata de actiunea pe care
urmeaza sa o indeplineasca. Actiunea este considerata ca: -
posibila: I can read English now. (Pot sa citesc /stiu sa citesc/
englezeste acum.) - necesara: You must do it today. (Trebuie sa o
faci azi.) ; They must stay here. (Ei trebuie sa ramana aici.) -
permisa: You may go there (at) any time. (Poti /ai voie/ sa te duci
acolo oricand.) - probabila: It may rain. (Se poate /e posibil/ sa
ploua.) Aceste verbe se numesc si verbe defective pentru ca nu pot
fi folosite la toate timpurile si modurile conjugarii, ele avand
cel mult doua forme verbale (prezent si trecut):
Prezent Trecut can may must could might pentru trecut se
foloseste had to
Verbele can, may, must au urmatoarele caracteristici: - sunt
urmate de alte verbe la infinitivul scurt: You may go there when
your classes are over-Te poti duce acolo cand se termina orele. We
can go there by bus or we may take a tram-Ne putem duce acolo cu
autobuzul sau putem lua tramvaiul. He must keep indoors-Trebuie sa
ramana in casa. - formeaza interogativul si negativul ca si verbele
auxiliare: Can your friend speak English? -Stie prietenul tau sa
vorbeasca englezeste? He cannot speak it very well-N-o vorbeste
prea bine. Must you work all the time?-Trebuie sa lucrati tot
timpul?
You must not smoke so much-Nu trebuie sa fumezi atat de mult.
May I ask you a question-Pot sa va pun o intrebare? He may not find
my address-S-ar putea sa nu-mi gaseasca adresa. Nota: Forma
negativa a verbului can se scrie intr-un singur cuvant: cannot, iar
forma contrasa este can't. - verbele modale nu primesc terminatia
-s la Prezent, persoana a III-a singular: She can translate an
English text-Ea stie sa traduca un text englezesc. It may be late.
He must leave-Poate sa fie tarziu. Trebuie sa plece. Nota: Verbul
can este adeseori folosit cu sensul de a sti sa: I can speak
English. He can read well.
Forma interogativa La Prezent, spre deosebire de verbele
auxiliare si de verbele modale care formeaza interogativul prin
simpla inversiune, celelalte verbe formeaza interogativul cu
ajutorul verbului auxiliar to do la prezent (do pentru persoana I
si a II-a singular si plural, precum si pentru persoana a III-a
plural; does pentru persoana a III-a singular) urmat de infinitivul
scurt al verbului principal. Numai auxiliarul (do, does) se
conjuga, verbul principal ramanand invariabil (la infinitiv).
Ordinea cuvintelor in propozitia interogativa: Se remarca o
inversiune partiala in ordinea cuvintelor: grupul subiect
infinitivul scurt al (pronume sau substantiv) verbului principal
you George these students like help study alte elemente sintactice
winter sports? you? well?
verb auxiliar (do, does) Do Does Do
Present Tense (The Interrogative Form):
to know do I know? do you know? does he, she, it know? do we
know? do you know? do they know?
to do (ca verb notional, de sine statator) do I do? do you do?
does he, she, it do? do we do? do you do? do they do? Forma
negativa
La Prezent, forma negativa a verbelor (cu exceptia verbelor
auxiliare si modale) se construieste cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar
do urmat de particula negativa not si de infinitivul scurt al
verbului de conjugat. Ordinea cuvintelor in propozitia
negativa:
subiect (pronume sau substantiv) I She
verbul auxiliar (do, does) do does
negatia not not not
infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat like come
alte elemente sintactice rain. with us.
to know I do not know you do not know he, she, it does not know
we do not know
to do (ca verb notional, de sine statator) I do not do you do
not do he, she, it does not do we do not do
you do not know they do not know
you do not do they do not do
In vorbirea de toate zilele se foloseste forma negativa contrasa
(sau forma negativa scurta). Aceasta forma se obtine din
contragerea negatiei not cu auxiliarul to do:
to know I don't know you don't know he, she, it doesn't know we
don't know you don't know they don't know
to do (ca verb notional, de sine statator) I don't do you don't
do he, she, it doesn't do we don't do you don't do they don't do
Forma interogativ-negativa
Forma interogativ-negativa se caracterizeaza prin folosirea
inversiunii partiale (ca la interogativ) si a negatiei not (ca la
negativ). Ordinea cuvintelor in propozitia interogativ-negativa:
verb auxiliar (do, does) Do Does subiect infinitivul scurt al
negatia not (pronume) verbului principal they it not not learn suit
alte elemente sintactice foreign languages? you?
to know do I not know? do you not know? does he, she, it not
know? do we not know?
to do (ca verb notional, de sine statator) do I not do? do you
not do? does he, she, it not do? do we not do?
do you not know? do they not know?
do you not do? do they not do?
La forma contrasa, folosita in vorbirea curenta, se observa o
schimbare in ordinea cuvintelor. Negatia not se contopeste cu
formele verbale ale auxiliarului si de aceea preceda subiectul: to
know don't I know? don't you know? doesn't he, she, it know? don't
we know? don't you know? don't they know? to do (ca verb notional,
de sine statator) don't I do? don't you do? doesn't he, she, it do?
don't we do? don't you do? don't they do?
Nota: Cand subiectul propozitiei interogativ-negative nu este
exprimat prin pronume, ci printr-un substantiv, grupul negatiei
verbale do not (sau does not) va fi asezat inaintea subiectului: Do
you not like my compositions? (subiect - pronume) Does not the
teacher like my composition? (subiect - substantiv) Insa prin
folosirea formelor prescurtate, aceasta deosebire se elimina de la
sine: Don't you like my composition? Doesn't the teacher like my
composition?