Verbals - CCSS

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The Function of VERBALS

Gerunds, Participles and Infinitives

Grade 8

L.8.1.a


Essential Questions

What is the function of a verbal?

What is the function of a gerund?

What is the function of a participle?

What is the function of an infinitive?


CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.8.1.a

Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/L/8/1/a/


A verb is an action word. Let’s think of a few

examples.

What is a verb?Quick Review:


Scream, do, work, eat, challenge,

energize, drink, exercise, turn, be, run, shake, fidget, write,

cook…Excellent!


So, what is a verbal ?

A verbal is formed from a verb but acts as a different

part of speech.


Each verbal is often part of a

phrase.


Remember: A verbal is formed from a verb but acts as a different part of speech.

Let’s take a look at example sentences that have verbs and verbals.

Tip: Locate the verb first. The other verb is often part of the verbal!



Screaming at the phone, Margo ran into a wall.

verb

VERBALExample 1



To do the same thing over is just crazy!

verb

VERBALExample 2



Working diligently, Margo made enough money to buy dinner.

verb

VERBALExample 3


•Gerunds • Infinitives•Participles

There are three types of verbals:

Could we look at these one at a time… slowly?!?

Great idea!


#1

Gerund


.

The gerund uses the ending –ing.

A gerund acts as a noun.

Memory Trick:.

Gerund-ing noun


Dancing like a ballerina is my goal.

Examples of Gerunds

Memory Trick:.

Gerund-ing

Acts as noun


Dancing like a ballerina is my goal.

Examples of Gerunds

Memory Trick:.

Gerund-ing noun

verb

Gerund


Charlene denied eating the cake.

Examples of Gerunds

Memory Trick:.

Gerund-ing noun

verb

Gerund


Whistling is a hobby enjoyed by Scout.

GERUND:Your Turn

Memory Trick:.

Gerund-ing noun

Locate the verb. Then, locate the gerund.


Whistling is a hobby enjoyed by Scout.

That’s right!

GERUND verb


Acting like a sleuth will help you find a gerund.

GERUND:Your Turn


Acting like a sleuth will help you find a gerund.

Memory Trick:.

Gerund-ing noun

That’s right!

GERUND


.

The gerund uses the ending –ing.

A gerund acts as a noun.

Memory Trick:.

Gerund-ing noun

GERUND REVIEW:


#2

Infinitive


The Infinitive uses the word “to” plus a verb.

The infinitive can act as a noun or an adjectiveNote: The infinitive can also be used as an adverb, but we are not including this rare occurrence in today’s lesson.

Memory Trick:.

2 + Verb = Infinitive

22

22

22


To blow bubbles during class is a serious form of disrespect.

Examples of Infinitives

Memory Trick:.


verb

Infinitive


The person to see is Larry.

Examples of Infinitives

Memory Trick:.


verb

Infinitive


To bake a cake is harder than it looks.

Infinitive:Your Turn

Locate the verb. Then, locate the infinitive. Memory Trick:

.



To bake a cake is harder than it looks.

That’s right!

Infinitive.

Memory Trick:.



I just want to read a book!


Locate the verb. Then, locate the infinitive.

Memory Trick:.



I just want to read a book!


Infinitive.

Memory Trick:.



INFINITIVE REVIEW:

Memory Trick:.


The Infinitive uses the word “to” plus a verb.

The infinitive can act as a noun, adjective or adverb.


#3

ParticipleMemory Trick:

.

Participle

Memory Trick:

Participle/ adjectiveParticijective


The Participle can use -ing, -en, or –ed.

The infinitive acts as an adjective.

Why didn’t they just call it an adjectiverbal- or Particijective?


The basket, tattered and broken, was thrown out.

Examples of Participles

Memory Trick:

Particijective

verbParticiple


Wailing loudly, the girl ran for her life.

Examples of Participles

Memory Trick:

Particijective

verb

Participle


Frightened and shaking, the tiger cub huddled in a corner.

Participle:Your Turn

Locate the verb. Then, locate the participle. Memory Trick:

Particijective


Frightened and shaking, the tiger cub huddled in a corner.

That’s right!

Participle.

Memory Trick:

Particijective


My ankle, broken and bruised, throbbed with pain.

Participle:Your Turn

Locate the verb. Then, locate the participle. Memory Trick:

Particijective


My ankle, broken and bruised, throbbed with pain.

That’s right!

Participle.

Memory Trick:

Particijective


Let’s review!

What is a gerund? What is an infinitive? What is a participle?

What is a verbal?


• Verbal- a word that combines characteristics of a verb with those of a noun or adjective

• Gerund- a verbal noun that expresses an incomplete action

• Infinitive- a verbal that is used with to, and performs some functions of a noun or an adjective

• Participle- a verbal form used as an adjective

Vocabulary Review:


Activity 1

Cut apart the sentences. Decide what verbal is used in the sample sentences. Match the sentence to the correct verbal by placing it directly on your graphic organizer.


Clues


Gerald Und Is Now Going to use “ing” as a noun.

The Gerund CLUE:

Oh! Gerald Und’s nickname is

“Gerund.” Cool.

And the word “is now going” starts

with the letters I, N, and G! I get it!


2 + verb = infinity

The Infinitive CLUE:

Oh! The number 2

stands for “to”!And the word

“infinity” represents “Infinitive.” I get it!


That party needs an

adjective ending in –ing, -ed or –en!

The Participle CLUE:

Oh! The word

“party” is short for participle!

And the rest of the sentence describes a

participle. I get it!


Activity 2Create sentences using the three different verbals. To CHALLENGE yourself, create all sentences using the same topic.

Example Topic: RobberyGERUND: Robbing a house is NOT worth going to jail!PARTICIPLE: Kicking and screaming, the burglar was hauled to the station.INFINITIVE: I was trying to prevent the robbery!

Topic Ideas: passing a class, state fair, vegetables, sitcoms, technology, poetry,bathtubs, gophers, trains, New York, lacrosse, turtles, peanuts, flu


One parting thought…

A Portmanteau is word made up of 2 words blended.

Amtrak= American + track Mimsy= flimsy + miserableBrunch= breakfast + lunch Spork = spoon + forkBrangelina = Brad + Angelina Blog = web + log

SO…

Could verbal actually be a Portmanteau?VERBAL = Verb + Ordeal ???

???


Thank you, P B and J Clip Art!

My FAVORITE lesson!

This poem seems to be on

every standardized test!

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Verbals - CCSS

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