VENTRICULAR VOLUMES EJECTION FRACTION MASS WALL STRESS REGIONAL WALL MOTION Márcio Alves de Urzêda, M.D.; MSc
Feb 24, 2016
VENTRICULAR VOLUMESEJECTION FRACTION
MASSWALL STRESS
REGIONAL WALL MOTION
Márcio Alves de Urzêda, M.D.; MSc
VOLUMES(Technical considerations)
• Cine film: – 15-60 fps;
• Radiographic contrast:– 7-15mL/s and 30-50mL.
• Sites:– Left ventricle;– Left atrium (trans-septal technique);– Severe aortic insufficiency:
• Aortic root.
Ventricular volumes
• Silhouette must be traced:– Marged visible
contrast;– Include
trabeculations and papillary muscles.
Ventricular volumes
• Approximated by an ellipsoid;• Regression equations correct the
overestimation.• Biplane projection to • determinate M and N.
Ventricular volumes
• Area-length method (Dodge);• Biplane oblique (RAO/LAO):
Ventricular volumes
Single plane formula:
•AP or RAO;•Left ventricular shape is a spheroid (ellipsoid wich two minor axes are equal).
VENTRICULAR VOLUMES
• Volume correction:– Overestimation by papillary muscles and
trabeculaes.
• Regression equations
EJECTION FRACTIONREGURGITANT FRACTION
• EF= (EDV-ESV) EDV
• RF= SV angiographic – ESV forward) SV angiographic
Left Ventricular Mass
• Is assumed that wall thickness is uniform
Wall Stress• σ = PR 2h
• Meridional, radial and circunferencial.
A and B: semi-axis
REGIONAL LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL MOTION
• Akinesis, dyskinesis, hypokinesis and hyperkinesis.