VENTILATION NFPA Standard 1001 Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications - 2002
Feb 23, 2016
VENTILATIONNFPA Standard 1001
Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications - 2002
ObjectivesUnderstand ventilation as a
fire service toolKnow the principles,
advantages, and effects of ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)
Objectives Identify the considerations for
proper ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)
Identify the types of ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 4-3.2a)
Describe ventilation techniques (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 3-3.11a, 3-3.11b)
ObjectivesDescribe the need for roof
ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.11a, 3-3.11b,4-3.2a)
Identify safety considerations when venting (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)
ObjectivesDescribe the obstacles to
ventilation (NFPA 1001:4-3.2a)
Identify the factors affecting ventilation
Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, Chapter 18
Principles, Advantages, and Effects of VentilationVentilation is the systematic removal of
the byproducts of combustion.
It relieves the structure of heat. It channels smoke out of the structure. It removes toxic gases from the
structure.
Considerations for Proper Ventilation
Vertical ventilation is the removal of heat and smoke through vertical channels.
Horizontal ventilation is the removal of smoke and gases through horizontal openings.
Types of Ventilation
Natural Opening of doors and windows Cutting a hole in the roof
Types of VentilationMechanical Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) Smoke fans Positive pressure
Types of VentilationHydraulic Fog stream out a window or other
opening Smooth bore with partially opened
nozzle out a window or other opening
Ventilation TechniquesBreak windowsOpen doorsRope and a tool
For ventilating upper floor windows from above
Hook or pike poleHalliganAxe
Ventilation TechniquesPortable ladderAerial ladder tipNegative pressure ventilationPositive pressure ventilation
Introduction opening should be larger than exhaust openingCone of air should be larger than opening
Roof VentilationQuickest way is to use building features
SkylightScuttle coverBulkhead door
When making holes, cut directly over the fire when possible
Roof VentilationTypes of cuts
Expandable cutProduces hole as large as needed
Roof VentilationLouver cut
A series of cuts parallel to the roof joists, keeping them in the middle. When opened, they look like hinged louvers
Triangular cutGood for Q-decking over open web bar
joists
Roof VentilationTrench cut or Strip cut
Defensive in design and executionUsed to cut off fire extension
Examination holesKerf cut – cutting blade lowered
into roof material and pulled outTriangular cut – three intersecting kerf cuts
Safety Considerations Will ventilation permit fire to
extend? Will the escape route be cut off? Will ventilation endanger
others? Work in teams
Obstacles to Ventilation
AccessSecurity devicesHeightUnfamiliar building layoutTiming
Factors Affecting Ventilation
Partial openingsPartially broken windowsScreensRoof material
Factors Affecting Ventilation
Dropped or hanging ceilingsBuilding sizeWeatherOpening windows
Lessons Learned
Ventilation is a tool that is to be used like any other tool. It must be understood, used to its advantage, and applied carefully.
The End