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Vehicle-to-X communication using millimeter wavesProfessor Robert W. Heath Jr., PhD, PE
Wireless Networking and Communications GroupDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin
www.profheath.org
Thanks to sponsors including the U.S. Department of Transportation through the Data-Supported Transportation Operations and Planning (D-STOP) Tier 1 University Transportation Center, the Texas Department of Transportation under Project 0-6877 entitled “Communications and Radar- Supported Transportation Operations and Planning (CAR-STOP)”, National Instruments, Huawei, and Toyota IDC
Multidimensional objectives* New industry verticals**
* Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0, “IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond,” September 2015** “5G empowering vertical industries,” 5GPPP White Paper, Feb. 2016
What if the bus or oncoming car do not have communication capability?
82% of head-on fatal collisions take place in
rural areas
Radar requires line-of-sight
Both communication and radar are useful for collision avoidance
Alice Chu, Michael Motro, Junil Choi, Abdul Rawoof Pinjari, Chandra R. Bhat, Joydeep Ghosh, and R. W. Heath, Jr., ``Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) Simulations Of Overtaking Maneuvers On Two-Lane Rural Highways,'' submitted February 2016.
DSRC: current technology for vehicular communications
20
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Forward collision warning, do not pass warning, blind intersection warning, etc.
Based on IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 1609.x, SAE standards
* NHTSA, “Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications: Readiness of V2V Technology for Application,” Aug. 2014** John B. Kenney, “DSRC: Deployment and Beyond,” WINLAB presentation, May 2015.
Upcoming 3GPP standards for V2X: LTE-V2X (Rel. 14)
*3GPP Study on LTE-based V2X Services. TR 36.885, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), July 2016.**M. Rumney et al. LTE and the evolution to 4G wireless: Design and measurement challenges. John Wiley & Sons, 2013
D2D
D2D
Standardization started in Apr. 2015
D2D-based is available both inside and outside the coverage
LTE-V2X = D2D-based + cellular-based
Higher data rates than DSRC (up to 44 Mbps for D2D and 75 Mbps for cellular)
Cellular-based is available only inside the coverage
New communication solution is needed for connected cars*http://low-powerdesign.com/sleibson/2011/05/01/future-cars-the-word-from-gm-at-idc’s-smart-technology-world-conference/**Cisco, “The Internet of Cars: A Catalyst to Unlock Societal Benefits of Transportation,” Mar. 2013***http://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/articles/big-data/the-internet-of-things-and-connected-cars.html
MmWave is the only viable approach for high bandwidth connected vehicles*
V2V communication beams
Vehicle driving cloud
directionalbeamforming
blockageV2I communicationbeam
Joint communicationand radar
*Junil Choi, Nuria González-Prelcic, Robert Daniels, Chandra R. Bhat, and Robert W. Heath Jr, “Millimeter Wave Vehicular Communication to Support Massive Sensing”, to appear in IEEE Communications Magazine.
Sensing technologies can be used to help establish mmWave links
*V. Va, J. Choi, and R. W. Heath Jr. The impact of beamwidth on temporal channel variation in vehicular channels and its implications. Submitted to IEEE Trans VT
Overheads of beam training are much less significant than expected
35Junil Choi, Vutha Va, Nuria González-Prelcic, Robert Daniels, Chandra R. Bhat, and Robert W. Heath Jr, “Millimeter Wave Vehicular Communication to Support Massive Sensing”, to appear IEEE Commun. Mag., 2016.
DSRC modules or automotive sensors can be used to reduce overhead
Even with poor accuracy of position information the beam alignment overhead is reduced
Radar-aided millimeter wave V2XRadar can be used to configure
communication link more efficiently
Radar can be used to design
multiuser beamforming
* N. González-Prelcic, Roi Mendez-Rial, and R. W. Heath Jr., ”Radar aided beamforming in mmWave V2I communications supporting antenna diversity," Proc. of ITA 2016 .
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Com Signal at 65 GHz
Radar Signal at 76.5 Ghz
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Com Signal at 65 GHz
Radar Signal at 76.5 Ghz The dominant DoAs for the communication signal also appear at the radar echo in a different band
Algorithms for hybrid precoder& combiner design based on covarianceinformation of the radar signal
* P. Kumari, N. González Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Investigating the IEEE 802.11ad Standard for Millimeter Wave Automotive Radar ,” Proc. of the Vehicular Technology Conference, Boston, USA, September 6-9, 2015
Joint system provides safety capabilities at lower cost
Special structure of preamble enables good ranging performance
o Fast beam training /channel estimation strategieso How and where to place the antennas in the carso Channel models are needed for the different scenarios
(rural road, highway, urban area, …)o Leveraging side information for beam trainingo More advanced MIMO communication techniques o Better integration with transportation simulators
Details on existing solutions and research challenges can be found here