N.C. Flower Growers' Bulletin - August and October, 2003 Volume 48, Number 4&5 Vegetative Annual Liner Dip Trials Brian E. Whipker, Ingram McCall, and Brian Krug Department of Horticultural Science Summary: Commercially available plugs of "Improved Charlie' vegetative petunia, 'Angel Mist Purple Improved' angelonia, 'Outback Purple' scaevola, and 'Twilight Blue with Eye' verbena were dipped for 10 minutes in 4, 8 or 16 ppm solutions of A-Rest, Topflor (0.38%), or Piccolo. A-Rest at concentrations up to 16 ppm was ineffective for controlling growth of any of the four plant types trialed, therefore higher concentrations may be required. At the concentrations used (<16 ppm), none of the PGRs (A-Rest, Topflor, or Piccolo) provided control of plant diameter of vegetative verbena. Higher concentrations of these PGRs or the use of Sumagic should be studied to determine optimal recommendations. Topflor significantly controlled growth of angelonia and scaevola at 4 ppm and 8 ppm was required for vegetative petunia. Piccolo provided similarcontrol of plantdiameter of vegetative petunia as Topflor, but higher concentrations would have to be used for comparable control on angelonia (>16 ppm) and scaevola (9.3 ppm). Although additional trials will need to be conducted to determineoptimal concentrations, these results suggest Topflor and Piccolo liner dips are a suitable, cost effective alternative for controlling plant growth of vigorous vegetative annuals. Objective This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of A-Rest, Topflor, and Piccolo liner dips on growth control of angelonia, scaevola, vegetative petunia, and vegetative verbena. Experiment Commercially available plugs (105 cell)of'Improved Charlie' vegetative petunia, 'Angel Mist Purple Improved' angelonia, 'Outback Purple' scaevola, and 'Twilight Blue with Eye' verbena were thoroughly irrigated until the substrate was saturated and allowed to drain for 30 minutes. The cell pack portion containing the soil was then dipped for 10 minutes in 4, 8 or 16 ppm solutions of A-Rest, Topflor (0.38%), or Piccolo. The cuttings were transplanted into 5- inch pots on 20 Feb. 2003 using Berger BM6 root substrate, which contains 75 to 80% Canadian sphagnum peat and 20 to 25% perlite. Plants were fertigated with 150 ppm N from Excel 15-5-15 Cal- Mag. Greenhouse temperature day/night set points were 75/65 F and the plants were grown under natural daylength. The experiment was a completely randomized design with 6 single-plant replications of the ten treatments. Plant diameter (measured at the widest dimension, turned 90 , and averaged) and total plant height (measured from the pot rim to the uppermost part of the inflorescence) was recorded on 10 Apr. for angelonia. On 15 Apr., petunia, scaevola, and verbena plant diameter measurements were recorded. Results Angelonia. Plants treated with 4 ppm Topflor were 23% shorter than the nontreated plants. The degree of height control with 16 ppm Piccolo (14.5%) was less than with the Topflor application of 4 ppm. Higher concentrations of Piccolo should be studied to determine optimal concentrations. At the concentrations used (< 16 ppm), A-Rest did not provide control of plant height or diameter. Plant diameter was 23.5% smaller with Topflor at 8 ppm and 9.2% smaller with 8 ppm Piccolo, compared to the nontreated control. The 8 ppm Topflor liner dip resulted in greater control of plant diameter than Piccolo. Vegetative Petunia. Topflorand Piccolo weresimilar in their effect on plant diameter. Plants treated with 8 ppm Topflor were 22 inches diameter (15% smaller) and with 8 ppm Piccolo were 55.8 cm in diameter (20% smaller), than the nontreated plants. At the concentrations used (<16 ppm), A-Rest did not • 10
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N.C. Flower Growers' Bulletin - August and October, 2003 Volume 48, Number 4&5
Vegetative Annual Liner Dip Trials
Brian E. Whipker, Ingram McCall, and Brian KrugDepartment of Horticultural Science
Summary: Commercially available plugs of"Improved Charlie' vegetative petunia, 'Angel MistPurple Improved' angelonia, 'Outback Purple'scaevola, and 'Twilight Blue with Eye' verbena weredipped for 10 minutes in 4, 8 or 16 ppm solutions ofA-Rest, Topflor (0.38%), or Piccolo. A-Rest atconcentrations up to 16 ppm was ineffective forcontrolling growth of any of the four plant typestrialed, therefore higher concentrations may berequired. At the concentrationsused (<16 ppm), none of thePGRs (A-Rest, Topflor, orPiccolo) provided control ofplant diameter of vegetativeverbena. Higher concentrationsof these PGRs or the use of
Sumagic should be studied todetermine optimalrecommendations. Topflorsignificantly controlled growthof angelonia and scaevola at 4 ppm and 8 ppm wasrequired for vegetative petunia. Piccolo providedsimilarcontrol ofplant diameter ofvegetative petuniaas Topflor, but higher concentrations would have tobe used for comparable control on angelonia (>16ppm) and scaevola (9.3 ppm). Although additionaltrials will need to be conducted to determineoptimalconcentrations, these results suggest Topflor andPiccolo liner dips are a suitable, cost effectivealternative for controlling plant growth of vigorousvegetative annuals.
ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine theefficacyofA-Rest, Topflor, and Piccolo liner dips on growthcontrol of angelonia, scaevola, vegetative petunia,and vegetative verbena.
ExperimentCommerciallyavailable plugs (105cell)of'ImprovedCharlie' vegetative petunia, 'Angel Mist PurpleImproved' angelonia, 'Outback Purple' scaevola, and'Twilight Blue with Eye' verbena were thoroughlyirrigated until the substrate was saturated and allowedto drain for 30 minutes. The cell pack portion
containing the soil was then dipped for 10 minutes in4, 8 or 16 ppm solutions of A-Rest, Topflor (0.38%),or Piccolo. The cuttings were transplanted into 5-inch pots on 20 Feb. 2003 using Berger BM6 rootsubstrate, which contains 75 to 80% Canadian
sphagnum peat and 20 to 25% perlite. Plants werefertigated with 150 ppm N from Excel 15-5-15 Cal-Mag. Greenhouse temperature day/night set pointswere 75/65 F and the plants were grown under natural
daylength. The experiment wasa completely randomized designwith 6 single-plant replicationsof the ten treatments. Plant
diameter (measured at the widestdimension, turned 90 , and
averaged) and total plant height(measured from the pot rim tothe uppermost part of theinflorescence) was recorded on10 Apr. for angelonia. On 15
Apr., petunia, scaevola, and verbena plant diametermeasurements were recorded.
Results
Angelonia. Plants treated with 4 ppm Topflor were23% shorter than the nontreated plants. The degree ofheight control with 16 ppm Piccolo (14.5%) was lessthan with the Topflor application of 4 ppm. Higherconcentrations of Piccolo should be studied to
determine optimal concentrations. At theconcentrations used (< 16 ppm), A-Rest did notprovide control of plant height or diameter.
Plant diameter was 23.5% smaller with Topflor at 8ppm and 9.2% smaller with 8 ppm Piccolo, comparedto the nontreated control. The 8 ppm Topflor liner dipresulted in greater control of plant diameter thanPiccolo.
Vegetative Petunia. Topflorand Piccolo were similarin their effect on plant diameter. Plants treated with8 ppm Topflor were 22 inches diameter (15%smaller) and with 8 ppm Piccolo were 55.8 cm indiameter (20% smaller), than the nontreated plants.At the concentrations used (<16 ppm), A-Rest did not •
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N.C. Flower Growers' Bulletin - August and October, 2003 Volume 48, Number 4&5
r provide control of plant diameter.
Vegetative Verbena. At the concentrations used(<16 ppm), none of the PGRs (A-Rcst, Topflor, orPiccolo) provided control of plant diameter (data notshown). Higher concentrations of these PGRs or theuse ofSumagic should be studied to determine optimalrecommendations.
Scaevola. Both Topflor and Piccolo controlled plantdiameter of scaevola. Plants treated with 4 ppmTopflor were 29.2% smaller than the nontreated plants.To achieve a similar degree of diameter control withPiccolo, 9.3 ppm would be required. While the plantstreated with 4 ppm Topflor flowered and wereproportional to pot size, higher concentrations stuntedplant growth. These results were based on NorthCarolinagrowing conditions, therefore concentrationswould need to be adjusted for other locations or forgrowers desiring less control. A-Rcst at < 16 ppm didnot provide control of plant diameter.
Recommendations
Topflor significantly controlled growth of angeloniaand scaevola at 4 ppm and 8 ppm was required forvegetative petunia. Piccolo provided similar controlofplant diameterof vegetative petunia as Topflor, buthigher concentrations would have to be used for
comparable control on angelonia (>16 ppm) andscaevola (9.3 ppm). At the concentrations used (<16ppm), none of the PGRs (A-Rest, Topflor, or Piccolo)provided control of plant diameter of vegetativeverbena. Higher concentrations of these PGRs or theuse of Sumagic should be studied to determine optimalrecommendations. A-Rest at concentrations up to 16ppm were not effective for controlling growth of anyof the four plant types trialed, therefore higherconcentrations may be required. Although additionaltrials will need to be conducted to determine optimalconcentrations, these results suggest Topflor andPiccolo liner dips are a suitable, cost effectivealternative for controlling plant growth of vigorousvegetative annuals.
AcknowledgementsThis research was funded in part by the North CarolinaAgricultural Research Service (NCARS), Raleigh,N.C. Use of trade names in this publication does notimply endorsement by the NCARS ofproducts namednor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. Thanks
to The Flower Fields and Ball Floral Plant for the
plant material, Berger Inc. for the root substrate,Scotts Co. for the fertilizer, Dillen Plastics for the
pots, and for grant support the North CarolinaCommercial Flower Growers' Assoc, SePROChemical Co. and Fine Agrochemicals Ltd.
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Comparison of Topflor and Piccolo rates on angelonia. Comparison of Topflor and Piccolo rates on scaevola.^
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