Vegetable Insect Vegetable Insect Management Management PSS 124 Vegetable Crop Production PSS 124 Vegetable Crop Production Jon P. Turmel, State Jon P. Turmel, State Entomologist Entomologist VT Agency of Agriculture VT Agency of Agriculture Waterbury, Vermont Waterbury, Vermont November 30, 2006 November 30, 2006
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Vegetable Insect Management PSS 124 Vegetable Crop Production Jon P. Turmel, State Entomologist VT Agency of Agriculture Waterbury, Vermont November 30,
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First generation most First generation most damagingdamaging
2-3 generations/year2-3 generations/year
Larva completes cycle in Larva completes cycle in 3 weeks3 weeks
Feeds on all crucifers, Feeds on all crucifers, beets, celery and onionbeets, celery and onion
Adult
Cabbage MaggotCabbage MaggotManagementManagement
Monitor using yellow-pan Monitor using yellow-pan water trapswater traps
200 GDD200 GDD
Full bloom of Full bloom of Serviceberry, McIntosh Serviceberry, McIntosh and Cortland applesand Cortland apples
Cabbage MaggotCabbage MaggotManagementManagement
Protection of roots Protection of roots and stems and stems Insecticide application Insecticide application as drench pre or post as drench pre or post plantingplantingDrench (2-3) at five Drench (2-3) at five week intervalsweek intervalsIn furrow granularIn furrow granularSpunbonded row Spunbonded row covers (rotated only)covers (rotated only)
Cabbage aphidsCabbage aphids
Aggregated vs uniformAggregated vs uniformNo threshold at this time No threshold at this time but when head is formed but when head is formed the threshold is zerothe threshold is zeroSerious vectorSerious vectorSelective insecticidesSelective insecticidesSelective non-target Selective non-target insecticidesinsecticidesCheck for parasite pop.Check for parasite pop.Turnip-light oil reduces Turnip-light oil reduces mosaic virus transmissionmosaic virus transmission
Lepidopteran ComplexLepidopteran ComplexDiamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm and Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm and
Young plants = 35% Young plants = 35% infestedinfested
More mature = 20%More mature = 20%
10-15% on kale, collards 10-15% on kale, collards and mustardand mustard
Diamondback has Diamondback has become resistant, become resistant, alternate between alternate between effective treatmenteffective treatment
High volumes give better High volumes give better results (50 gal/A)results (50 gal/A)
Bt kurstaki, higher rate in Bt kurstaki, higher rate in cool conditionscool conditions
Bt aizawai works better Bt aizawai works better on resistant DBMon resistant DBM
MUST alternate with MUST alternate with synthetic insecticide or synthetic insecticide or spinosad (aerobic spinosad (aerobic fermentation by product fermentation by product of a soil bacterium) of a soil bacterium)
Rotate to nonhost crops. Rotate to nonhost crops. This includes This includes overwintering sites that overwintering sites that border previous season border previous season plantingsplantings
Alternate different groups Alternate different groups of insecticides throughout of insecticides throughout the seasonthe season
Use mechanical barriers Use mechanical barriers such as trench traps such as trench traps and/or trap crops and/or trap crops
Determine Action Determine Action Thresholds. Crop can Thresholds. Crop can withstand 15% defoliation withstand 15% defoliation without effecting yieldswithout effecting yields
None of the present None of the present commercial cultivars of commercial cultivars of potato is resistant to the potato is resistant to the CPBCPB
Biocontrol including Biocontrol including insects, parasitoids and insects, parasitoids and predatorspredators
Place next to overwintering areas at least Place next to overwintering areas at least one week prior to adult emergenceone week prior to adult emergence
1-2 feet deep and 6-24 inches wide at top1-2 feet deep and 6-24 inches wide at top
U or V shaped with walls 65-90 degree U or V shaped with walls 65-90 degree slopeslope
Walk the field in a ‘V’, Walk the field in a ‘V’, ‘W’ or ‘X’ pattern‘W’ or ‘X’ patternSelect 50 potato Select 50 potato stalks at random stalks at random intervalsintervalsCount adults, large Count adults, large larvae (>1/2 grown), larvae (>1/2 grown), small larvae (< half small larvae (< half grown)grown)
Compare counts to Compare counts to the table (on next the table (on next slide)slide)If numbers is high, If numbers is high, treatment is treatment is warrantedwarrantedIf low, no treatmentIf low, no treatmentIf between, no If between, no treatment but re-treatment but re-check in 3-5 dayscheck in 3-5 days
*Do not apply to B.t. products and are for midseason. Late season plants can tolerate more defoliation without affecting yields
Colorado Potato BeetleColorado Potato BeetleUse of Use of Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionisBacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis
Most effective against 1Most effective against 1stst and 2and 2nd nd instar. instar.
First spray one-3 days First spray one-3 days after there is one or more after there is one or more egg masses per lant and egg masses per lant and 30% have hatched30% have hatched
If densely populated and If densely populated and eggs are hatching eggs are hatching continuously, reapply continuously, reapply after 5-7 days after 5-7 days
Or, wait for later instars to Or, wait for later instars to appear, treat with a single appear, treat with a single application of Provado or application of Provado or SpinTor the start your SpinTor the start your application a week later.application a week later.
Death with Bt may take Death with Bt may take up to 5 days but feeding up to 5 days but feeding ceases within one hour. ceases within one hour. Be patient!Be patient!
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn BorerOstrinia nubilalisOstrinia nubilalis
Feeds on over 200 wild Feeds on over 200 wild and herbaceous plantsand herbaceous plants
Different strains cause Different strains cause different types of damage different types of damage to cornto corn
Vector of shank, stalk and Vector of shank, stalk and ear rot fungiear rot fungi
1-2 generations/year1-2 generations/year
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn Borerdamagedamage
beans
Bell pepper
popcorn
wheat
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn Borereggseggs
black headed stage
newly hatching eggs
egg mass on corn leaf
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn Borerlarvaelarvae
5 instars
1st instar feeding
larval feeding on ear
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn Borer
shot holes larval tunnel in midrib
larval tunnel in ear stalk
larval tunnel in stalk
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn Borer
Pupae in stalks
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn BorerPlowing down in fall…was the LAW!Plowing down in fall…was the LAW!
75% of the overwintering larvae in a corn 75% of the overwintering larvae in a corn field can be eliminatedfield can be eliminated
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn BorerScoutingScouting
Pulling whorl Unfolding whorl
Scouting for eggs Blacklight trap
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn Borer
No need to survey No need to survey before corn is knee before corn is knee high because of the high because of the high concentration of high concentration of DIMBOA- kills young DIMBOA- kills young larvaelarvae
European Corn BorerEuropean Corn Borer
When corn is When corn is pretassel and 15% of pretassel and 15% of these young tassels these young tassels show damageshow damageEarlier treatments are Earlier treatments are of no valueof no value22ndnd generation in mid- generation in mid-July to Sept. will July to Sept. will attack ears. Must attack ears. Must protect developing protect developing earsears