Jan 26, 2016
VAUGHANCLASSROOM Inglés IntensivoAvanzado
ContentsTranslation Booklet 3
Vocabulary Booklet 3
Presentations and Public Speaking
Cloverdale’s Characters
Sudoku Inglés
Most Common Irregular Verbs
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
PAGE 02
PAGE 18
PAGE 46
PAGE 63
PAGE 68
PAGE 73
PAGE 74
PAGE 75
Translation
Booklet
3
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 1 - There + to be
Puede que haya habido un malentendido.
Quiero que haya una azafata en la reunión.
Tráeme lo que haya.
No queda nada por hacer.
Parece haber varias versiones.
No habrá fiesta esta noche.
¿Cuándo habrá una reunión sobre esto?
¿Va a haber otra fiesta como la última?
Jamás ha habido alguien como ella.
Ha habido varias tormentas últimamente.
¿Por qué no había gente cuando llegué allí?
Podría haber habido un accidente.
Debería haber habido un guardia de seguridad.
Me trajeron todo lo que había.
No hay ni la mitad de lo que antes había.
¿Ha habido quejas últimamente?
No habría quejas si Pepe estuviera aquí.
¿No debería haber un índice?
¿Ha habido llamadas para mí?
¿Hubo heridos?
¿Hay problemas?
¿Habrá alguien esperándome?
¿Hay alguna posibilidad?
¿Ha habido algún cambio?
¿Ha habido algunos cambios?
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There may have been a misunderstanding.
I want there to be a hostess at the meeting.
Bring me whatever there is.
There’s nothing left to do.
There seem to be several versions.
There won’t be a party tonight.
When will there be a meeting on this?
Is there going to be another party like the last one?
There’s never been anyone like her.
There have been several storms lately.
Why weren’t there any people when I got there?
There could have been an accident.
There should have been a security guard.
They brought me everything there was.
There isn’t even half of what there used to be.
Have there been any complaints lately?
There wouldn’t be any complaints if Pepe were here.
Shouldn’t there be an index?
Have there been any calls for me?
Were there any injuries?
Are there any problems?
Will there be anyone waiting for me?
Is there any chance?
Has there been any change?
Have there been any changes?
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 2 - Past or third conditional
Si lo hubieras guardado, habrías podido usarlo.
Si hubieras mandado invitaciones, habría venido más gente.
Si hubiera hecho viento, habríamos pasado más frío.
Si yo le hubiera hablado, no se habría quejado.
Si me lo hubieras dado, lo habría modificado.
Si no hubiera nevado, podríamos haber salido antes.
Si hubieras tardado más, habríamos salido sin ti.
De haber durado más la reunión, me habría ido.
Si hubiera habido un incendio, ¿qué habrías hecho?
Si ella me hubiera mirado, yo le habría sonreído.
Si la máquina hubiera funcionado como debe, ahora notendríamos estos problemas.
Si hubieras estudiado inglés de niño, ahora sabrías mucho más.
Si Aníbal hubiera derrotado a los romanos, el mundo seríadiferente hoy.
Si no hubieras encendido un cigarro, el tanque no habríaestallado.
Si nos hubieras advertido, no lo habríamos mandado.
Si mi espalda no me hubiera dado tantos problemas, habríaido con vosotros.
Si no hubiera perdido mi empleo, lo habría comprado.
Si no lo hubieran vendido, lo habríamos comprado.
Si él hubiera tenido más dinero, ¿lo habría comprado?
¿Qué habrías hecho si te hubiera pasado a ti?
¿Quién habría convocado la reunión si hubieras estadoenfermo?
Si el dinero hubiera sido mío, no lo habría gastado.
Si yo hubiera estado en tu situación, habría dimitido.
Si hubiera habido uno más, habría sido distinto.
Si le hubieras visto, habrías comprendido todo.
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If you’d kept it, you would’ve been able to use it.
If you’d sent invitations, more people would’ve come.
If it had been windy, we would’ve been colder.
If I’d spoken to him, he wouldn’t have complained.
If you’d given it to me, I would’ve modified it.
If it hadn’t snowed, we could’ve left sooner.
If it had taken you longer, we would’ve left without you.
If the meeting had lasted longer, I would’ve left.
If there had been a fire, what would you have done?
If she’d looked at me, I would’ve smiled at her.
If the machine had worked as it should, we wouldn’t havethese problems now.
If you’d studied English as a child, you’d know much more now.
If Hannibal had defeated the Romans, the world would bedifferent today.
If you hadn’t lit a cigarette, the tank wouldn’t have exploded.
If you’d warned us, we wouldn’t have sent it.
If my back hadn’t given me so many problems, I would’vegone with you.
If I hadn’t lost my job, I would’ve bought it.
If they hadn’t sold it, we would’ve bought it.
If he’d had more money, would he have bought it?
What would you have done if it had happened to you?
Who would have called the meeting if you had been ill?
If the money had been mine, I wouldn’t have spent it.
If I’d been in your position, I would’ve resigned.
If there had been one more, it would’ve been different.
If you’d seen him, you would’ve understood everything.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 3 - Verbs with & without “like”
Tengo ganas de hacer algo.
No me apetece hacer nada.
¿Cómo es el marido ideal?
¿A qué suena?
Pareces enfadado. (Por tu tono)
Pareces enfadado. (Por tu aspecto)
Pareces enfadado. (Por todos los conceptos)
Tienes mejor aspecto.
Pareces pesimista. (Según tus palabras)
Pareces una persona pesimista.
Os parecéis el uno al otro.
Os parecéis.
Pareces una estrella de cine.
Hablas como si fueras una estrella de cine.
Hablas como una estrella de cine.
¿A quién me parezco?
¿Cómo es esta empresa?
¿Cómo es la gente en Rusia?
¿Se parecen a nosotros? (Físicamente)
¿Se parecen a nosotros? (En la forma de ser)
¿Se visten como nosotros?
¿Qué aspecto tiene la casa?
¿Qué aspecto tiene un bosque después de un incendio forestal?
¿Qué aspecto tienes cuando te levantas por la mañana?
¿Cómo eres cuando estás enfadado?
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I feel like doing something.
I don’t feel like doing anything.
What is the ideal husband like?
What does it sound like?
You sound angry.
You look angry.
You seem angry.
You look better.
You sound pessimistic.
You sound like a pessimistic person.
You look like each other.
You look alike.
You look like a movie star.
You talk as if you were a movie star.
You talk like a movie star.
Who do I look like?
What’s this company like?
What are the people like in Russia?
Do they look like us?
Are they like us?
Do they dress like us?
What does the house look like?
What does a forest look like after a forest fire?
What do you look like when you get up in the morning?
What are you like when you’re angry?
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 4 - Make / Do
Haz tus deberes.
Haz las tareas de la casa.
Hago ejercicio todas las mañanas.
Él hace maravillas con muy pocos recursos.
La explosión hizo mucho daño a la fachada.
Esto no tiene sentido.
¿Has hecho reservas?
Concertemos una cita para el martes.
Haz el amor, no la guerra.
Voy a hacer una fortuna.
¿Cuándo vas a tomar una decisión?
Tengo que elegir entre el uno o el otro.
No hagas tanto ruido.
¿Qué tal?
Has hecho una buena obra. (Moral)
No hagas nada.
Vas mejor ahora. (Progresando)
Estás haciendo progresos.
¿Quién va a lavar los platos?
Da igual.
No pueden estar. (Fueron invitados.)
Aprovecha tu tiempo.
Hemos dispuesto que te recojan en el hotel.
No pongas excusas.
No te burles de mí.
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Do your homework.
Do the housework.
I do exercises every morning.
He does wonders with very few resources.
The explosion did a lot of damage to the façade.
This doesn’t make any sense.
Have you made reservations?
Let’s make an appointment for Tuesday.
Make love, not war.
I’m going to make a fortune.
When are you going to make a decision? (También “take”)
I have to make a choice between one or the other.
Don’t make so much noise.
How are you doing?
You’ve done a good deed.
Don’t do anything.
You’re doing better. (Getting better)
You’re making progress.
Who’s going to do the dishes? (Wash)
It doesn’t make any difference. (It doesn’t matter.)
They can’t make it.
Make the most of your time.
We’ve made arrangements for you to be picked up at the hotel.
Don’t make excuses.
Don’t make fun of me.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 5 - Indirect & reported speech
¿La conoces?
Te pregunté si la conocías.
Me estoy muriendo.
Nos dijo que se estaba muriendo.
Tienes que hacerlo como yo lo hice ayer.
Ayer nos dijo que teníamos que hacerlo como él lo habíahecho el día anterior.
Le maté.
Ella nos dijo que él le había matado.
Puede que ellos lo hagan.
Él nos dijo que puede que ellos lo hicieran.
No le he visto últimamente.
Ella nos dijo que no le había visto últimamente.
La clase ha terminado.
¿Quién dijo que la clase había terminado?
Estaré listo.
Él me dijo que estaría listo.
Estoy intentando localizarle.
Ella me dijo que estaba intentando localizarle.
Nunca he ido allí.
Él me dijo que nunca había ido allí.
¿Cómo te van las cosas?
Ella me preguntó cómo me iban las cosas.
Solo nos queda una frase.
Él me dijo que solo nos quedaba una frase.
Nadie me dijo que él quería que yo lo hiciese.
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Do you know her?
I asked you if you knew her.
I’m dying.
He told us he was dying.
You have to do it like I did it yesterday.
Yesterday he told us we had to do it like he had done itthe day before.
I killed him.
She told us he had killed him.
They may do it.
He told us they might do it.
I haven’t seen him lately.
She told us she hadn’t seen him lately.
The class is over. (The class has ended.)
Who said the class was over? (The class had ended?)
I’ll be ready.
He told me he’d be ready.
I’m trying to locate him.
She told me she was trying to locate him.
I’ve never been there.
He told me he’d never been there.
How are things going?
She asked me how things were going.
We only have one sentence left.
He told me we only had one sentence left.
Nobody told me he wanted me to do it.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 6 - Present perfect vs. Past
He visto tres películas esta semana.
Vi tres películas la semana pasada.
Le vi hace tres segundos.
No le he visto hoy.
¿Qué has hecho hoy?
¿Qué hiciste esta mañana?
¿Qué han dicho?
¿Qué dijeron cuando te vieron?
Últimamente no le hemos pedido ayuda.
No le pedimos ayuda el mes pasado.
Ella vino ayer pero no ha venido hoy.
Me llamaron el lunes pero desde entonces no me han llamado.
Han estado aquí.
Estuvieron aquí hasta hace dos días.
¿Dónde has estado?
He estado con mi novia.
He estado con mi novia tres veces esta semana.
No estuve con ella la semana pasada.
¿Dónde lo has puesto?
Me han dicho que venga aquí.
¿Cómo han reaccionado?
No he dormido mucho esta noche.
Viví en Texas durante 20 años.
Llevo tres años viviendo aquí.
Leí dos informes ayer, pero no he leído ninguno hoy.
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I’ve seen three movies this week.
I saw three movies last week.
I saw him three seconds ago.
I haven’t seen him today.
What have you done today?
What did you do this morning? (Ya es por la tarde.)
What did they say? (Siempre en pasado)
What did they say when they saw you?
We haven’t asked him for help lately.
We didn’t ask him for help last month.
She came yesterday but she hasn’t come today.
They called me on Monday, but since then they haven’t called me.
They’ve been here.
They were here until two days ago.
Where have you been?
I was with my girlfriend. (Siempre en pasado)
I’ve been with my girlfriend three times this week.
I wasn’t with her last week.
Where did you put it? (Siempre en pasado)
They told me to come here. (Siempre en pasado)
How did they react? (Siempre en pasado)
I didn’t sleep much last night. (Siempre en pasado)
I lived in Texas for 20 years.
I’ve been living here for three years.
I read two reports yesterday, but I haven’t read any today.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 7 - Wish & hope statements
Ojalá fuera verdad.
Ojalá supiera inglés.
Ojalá tuviera mucho dinero.
Ojalá fuera rico.
Ojalá pudiera hacerlo como él lo hace.
Ojalá estuviera más preparado.
Ojalá conociera a gente importante.
Ojalá no tuviera que acompañarles.
Ojalá mi jefe me apoyara más.
Ojalá pudieras estar con nosotros.
Ojalá lloviera más.
Ojalá lo hubiera sabido.
Ojalá fuera mío.
Ojalá mi mujer fuera como la tuya.
Ojalá mi mujer se hubiera casado con otra persona.
Ojalá no fuera tan difícil encontrar trabajo.
Ojalá hubieras estado aquí cuando llegaron.
Ojalá no tuviera una nariz tan grande.
Ojalá lo hubiéramos visto.
Ojalá fuera real.
Ojalá no hubiera llovido tanto.
Ojalá no fumaras tanto.
Ojalá sea verdad.
Ojalá llueva mañana.
Ojalá vengan.
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I wish it were true.
I wish I knew English.
I wish I had a lot of money.
I wish I were rich.
I wish I could do it like he does.
I wish I were more prepared.
I wish I knew important people.
I wish I didn’t have to go with them.
I wish my boss supported me more.
I wish you could be with us.
I wish it rained more.
I wish I had known.
I wish it were mine.
I wish my wife were like yours.
I wish my wife had married someone else.
I wish it weren’t so difficult to find work.
I wish you had been here when they arrived.
I wish I didn’t have such a big nose.
I wish we had seen it.
I wish it were real.
I wish it hadn’t rained so much.
I wish you didn’t smoke so much.
I hope it’s true.
I hope it rains tomorrow.
I hope they come.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 8 - Plan / Try / Intend / Think about-of
¿Cuándo piensas hacerlo?
Tengo intención de hacerlo mañana.
¿Por qué no intentas llamarle?
Estoy pensando en hacerlo pero no he decidido.
Piénsalo.
¿Qué piensas hacer?
¿Qué opinas?
¿Qué estás pensando?
¿Qué opinas de él?
Se me ha ocurrido una manera de resolverlo.
Reflexiona sobre ello.
No tengo intención de reflexionar sobre ello.
Pensamos llevarles al Museo del Prado.
Procura estar allí puntualmente.
Pruébalo; te gustará.
Lo intentaré.
¿Has pensado alguna vez en jubilarte?
No me gusta pensar en esas cosas.
Tengo intención de trabajar hasta que me muera.
¿A quién se le ocurrió esta genial idea?
¿Cuándo piensas llamarle?
¿Qué planes tienes para este fin de semana?
No pienso hacer nada.
¿Por qué no intentas descansar un poco?
Procura entender todo lo que te dicen.
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When are you planning to do it?
I intend to do it tomorrow.
Why don’t you try calling him? (To call)
I’m thinking about doing it but I haven’t decided.
Think about it.
What are you planning to do?
What do you think?
What are you thinking?
What do you think of him?
I’ve thought of a way to solve it.
Think it over.
I don’t intend to think about it.
We’re planning to take them to the Prado Museum.
Try to be there on time.
Try it; you’ll like it.
I’ll try.
Have you ever thought about retiring?
I don’t like to think about those things.
I intend to work until I die.
Who thought of this great idea?
When are you planning to call him?
What plans do you have for this weekend?
I’m not planning to do anything.
Why don’t you try to get some rest?
Try to understand everything they tell you.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 9 - In order to/for
Estoy aquí para ayudarte.
Un abrelatas es para abrir latas.
Lo hicimos para mejorar nuestra imagen.
Estas listas son para mejorar tu inglés.
Hice estas listas para mejorar tu inglés.
Un reloj es para saber la hora.
Llevo un reloj para saber la hora.
Con el fin de mejorar la productividad, hemos decididoimplantar un sistema nuevo.
Esta máquina es para controlar el proceso.
Instalamos esta máquina para controlar el proceso.
Vinieron aquí para hablarnos del proyecto.
¿Para qué quieres esto?
Lo quiero para mejorar mi inglés.
¿Para qué quieres mejorar tu inglés?
Para poder comunicarme con la gente.
¿Para qué es esto?
No sé para qué es.
Creo que es para separar las páginas.
Revísalo para asegurar que no haya errores.
Para hacerlo, necesito el informe.
¿Qué tengo que hacer para convencerle?
¿Qué carretera debo coger para ir a Valencia?
Este dinero es por ser un buen niño y por ayudar a tuhermana.
This is an opportunity to improve your English.
This is important for your future.
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I’m here to help you.
A can opener is for opening cans.
We did it to improve our image.
These lists are for improving your English.
I made these lists to improve your English.
A watch is for telling the time.
I wear a watch to know the time.
In order to improve productivity, we’ve decided toimplement a new system.
This machine is for monitoring the process.
We installed this machine to monitor the process.
They came here to speak to us about the project.
What do you want this for?
I want it to improve my English.
What do you want to improve your English for?
To be able to communicate with people.
What’s this for?
I don’t know what it’s for.
I think it’s for separating the pages.
Look it over to make sure there aren’t any mistakes.
To do it, I need the report.
What do I have to do to convince him?
What highway should I take to go to Valencia?
This money is for being a good boy and for helping yoursister.
This is an opportunity to improve your English.
This is important for your future.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 10 - Hope / Wait / Expect / Look forward to
Espero que sepas lo que haces.
¿A quién estás esperando?
Espero una llamada en unos 20 minutos.
¿Qué esperabas?
Espero que todo salga bien.
Espero con ilusión tu carta.
Les esperábamos a las tres.
Estábamos esperándoles hasta las tres.
Nos cansamos de esperarles.
Espero que no estés esperando un niño.
¿Cuándo esperas que llegue el informe?
No me gusta tener que esperar.
Espero que no tengas que esperarle mucho tiempo.
Esperas mucho de tu gente.
Y espero que mi gente espere mucho de mí también.
Hola, Pedro. No te esperaba.
Esperábamos tener un hijo pero ahora sabemos queestamos esperando una hija.
Esperábamos mucha más gente.
Espero (con ilusión) tu contestación.
Esperamos (con ilusión) conocer a tu nueva esposa.
No esperábamos que te casaras tan rápido.
¿Qué puedes esperar de una persona como Morgan?
Espero que a Morgan no se le olvide la cita.
Esperaban más de ti.
Espérame.
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I hope you know what you’re doing.
Who are you waiting for?
I’m expecting a call in about 20 minutes.
What did you expect?
I hope everything turns out okay.
I’m looking forward to your letter.
We were expecting them at 3 o’clock.
We were waiting for them until 3 o’clock.
We got tired of waiting for them.
I hope you’re not expecting a baby.
When do you expect the report to arrive?
I don’t like having to wait.
I hope you don’t have to wait for him for a long time.
You expect a lot from your people.
And I hope my people expect a lot from me too.
Hi, Peter. I wasn’t expecting you.
We were hoping to have a son but now we know we areexpecting a daughter.
We were expecting a lot more people.
I’m looking forward to your answer.
We’re looking forward to meeting your new wife.
We didn’t expect you to get married so quickly.
What can you expect from a person like Morgan?
I hope Morgan doesn’t forget the appointment.
They were expecting more from you.
Wait for me.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 11 - So-such / So that / Like-as
Estas listas son tan aburridas que me deprimo.
Son listas tan aburridas que me deprimo.
Esa película era tan mala que me fui.
Era una película tan mala que me fui.
El coche era tan caro que no lo compré.
Era un coche tan caro que no lo compré.
Nunca he visto a un hombre tan testarudo.
Nunca he tomado una paella tan buena.
Gano dinero para que tú lo puedas gastar.
He venido aquí para que me puedas ayudar.
Estoy aprendiendo inglés para poder mejorar mi posición.
Lo hacemos para que ellos no se quejen.
Trabajo como profesor.
Trabajo como un esclavo.
Estoy aquí como representante de Pedro.
Estoy aquí como una especie de asesor.
Os hablo como miembro del comité asesor.
Él habla como un niño.
Él habla como si supiera lo que pasó.
Él habla como yo.
Son como nosotros.
Son tan altos como nosotros.
Conforme avanzas, te darás cuenta de que es fácil.
A medida que te hagas más mayor, tendrás que cumplirmás reglas.
Es como si estuviéramos sin gravedad.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 13
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These lists are so boring that I get depressed.
They are such boring lists that I get depressed.
That film was so bad that I left.
It was such a bad film that I left.
The car was so expensive that I didn’t buy it.
It was such an expensive car that I didn’t buy it.
I’ve never seen such a stubborn man.
I’ve never had such a good paella.
I earn money so that you can spend it.
I’ve come here so that you can help me.
I’m learning English so that I can improve my position.
We do it so that they don’t complain.
I work as a teacher.
I work like a slave.
I’m here as Peter’s representative.
I’m here as a kind of advisor.
I’m speaking to you as a member of the advisory committee.
He talks like a child.
He talks as if he knew what happened.
He talks like me.
They are like us.
They are as tall as we are.
As you advance, you will realize that it’s easy.
As you get older, you will have to conform to more rules.
It’s as if we were without gravity.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 12 - The more… the more / No matter
Cuanto más fumo, más toso.
Cuanto más bebo, más me emborracho.
Cuanto más la veo, más la quiero.
Cuanto antes mejor.
Cuanto más trabajas, más ganas.
Cuanto más estudias, más aprendes.
Cuanto más rápido conduces, más pronto llegas.
Por mucho que estudies, no aprenderás más.
Cuanto más te enseño, mejor hablas.
Cuanto más te conozco, más gracioso me pareces.
Cuanto más grande es un tomate, peor sabe.
Cuanto más tarde vienes, mejor.
Te respaldaré pase lo que pase.
Cuanto más rico eres, más problemas tienes.
Por muy bien que lo escribas, no lo aceptarán.
Por mucho que ganes, no podrás comprarlo.
Por muy rápido que conduzcas, no llegarás a tiempo.
Por muy alto que seas, el equipo no te contratará.
Por muchas clases que recibas, no aprenderás más.
Por mucho que le regales, ella no te hará caso.
Cuanto más despacio conduzcas, más tarde llegarás.
Cuanto menos vayas allí, mejor.
Cuantos menos cigarros fumes, menos toserás.
Cuanto más estudies estas listas, más aprenderás.
Por muy a menudo que lo hagas, no lo harás mejor.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 14
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The more I smoke, the more I cough.
The more I drink, the drunker I get.
The more I see her, the more I love her.
The sooner, the better.
The more you work, the more you earn.
The more you study, the more you learn.
The faster you drive, the sooner you arrive.
No matter how hard you study, you won’t learn any more.
The more I teach you, the better you speak.
The more I get to know you, the funnier you seem to me.
The bigger a tomato is, the worse it tastes.
The later you come, the better.
I’ll back you up no matter what happens.
The richer you are, the more problems you have.
No matter how well you write it, they won’t accept it.
No matter how much you earn, you won’t be able to buy it.
No matter how fast you drive, you won’t arrive on time.
No matter how tall you are, the team won’t hire you.
No matter how many classes you receive, you won’t learnany more.
No matter how much you give her, she won’t pay anyattention to you.
The slower you drive, the later you’ll arrive.
The less you go there, the better.
The fewer cigarettes you smoke, the less you’ll cough.
The more you study these lists, the more you’ll learn.
No matter how often you do it, you won’t do it better.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 13 - In spite of / Despite / Although / Even though / Even if / Even / Not even
Voy a ir a pesar del tiempo.
Voy a verle a pesar de tu opinión.
Voy a ir a pesar de que está lloviendo.
Voy a verle a pesar de que estás en contra de la idea.
Voy a ir aunque llueva.
Voy a ir aunque está lloviendo.
Ni siquiera la lluvia me detendrá.
Aunque me gusta la cerveza, no la suelo beber.
Aunque me dieras un millón de dólares, no lo haría.
Aunque es amigo mío, no pienso invitarle.
Aunque fuera amigo mío, no le invitaría.
Todo el mundo se puso a reír, incluso el profesor.
Ni siquiera le conozco.
Ni siquiera estoy listo.
Ni siquiera nos visitaron.
Ni siquiera me han llamado.
Ni siquiera podíamos hablar con él.
Lo haré a pesar de que no están de acuerdo.
Aunque no están de acuerdo, lo haré.
Es incluso más difícil de lo que pensaba.
Aunque tuviera el dinero, no te lo daría.
Aunque tengo el dinero, no pienso dártelo.
Aunque se negaron a financiarnos, lo construimos.
Aunque se niegue a financiarnos, lo construiremos.
Lo construiremos a pesar de su negativa.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 15
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I’m going to go in spite of the weather.
I’m going to see him despite your opinion.
I’m going to go in spite of the fact that it’s raining.
I’m going to see him despite the fact that you’re against the idea.
I’m going to go even if it rains.
I’m going to go even though it’s raining.
Not even the rain will stop me.
Although I like beer, I don’t usually drink it.
Even if you gave me a million dollars, I wouldn’t do it.
Even though he’s a friend of mine, I’m not planning to invite him.
Even if he were a friend of mine, I wouldn’t invite him.
Everyone started laughing, even the teacher.
I don’t even know him.
I’m not even ready.
They didn’t even visit us.
They haven’t even called me.
We couldn’t even talk to him.
I’ll do it in spite of the fact that they don’t agree.
Even though they don’t agree, I’ll do it.
It’s even harder than I thought.
Even if I had the money, I wouldn’t give it to you.
Even though I have the money, I’m not planning to give it to you.
Even though they refused to finance us, we built it.
Even if they refuse to finance us, we’ll build it.
We’ll build it despite their refusal.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 14 - Most / None / All / Both / A few / Either / Neither
Quiero o el rojo o el verde, no los dos.
No quiero ni el rojo ni el verde.
No quiero ni el uno ni el otro.
Tengo unas cuantas preguntas que hacerte.
La mayoría de la gente aquí fuma.
Ninguno de ellos dos fuma.
Ninguno de ellos tres fuma.
Todos ellos fuman.
Los dos fuman.
¿Cuántas monjas hay en esta empresa? Ninguna.
Bastantes de ellos vinieron a la fiesta.
Ninguno de ellos hicieron acto de presencia.
La mayoría de las veces lo hago yo mismo.
No queda ninguno.
Cualquiera de los dos valdría.
Nos quedan bastantes frases.
Casi ninguno de ellos fuma.
Algunos de ellos fuman.
Pocos de ellos fuman.
Unos cuantos fuman.
Tanto Pepe como Paco tomaron parte.
Ninguno de los dos tomaron parte.
Todo el mundo sabe que ninguno de los libros ha sido traducido.
Muchos de ellos comparten tu opinión.
Más o menos la mitad de ellos gana más que yo.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 16
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I want either the red one or the green one, not both.
I want neither the red one nor the green one.
I don’t want either one.
I have a few questions to ask you.
Most people here smoke.
Neither of them smokes.
None of them smoke.
All of them smoke.
Both of them smoke.
How many nuns are there in this company? None.
Quite a few of them came to the party.
None of them showed up.
Most of the time I do it myself.
There are none left. (There aren’t any left.)
Either one is okay.
We have quite a few sentences left.
Hardly any of them smoke.
Some of them smoke.
Few of them smoke.
A few of them smoke.
Both Pepe and Paco took part.
Neither of them took part. (Neither one of them…)
Everyone knows that none of the books have been translated.
Many of them share your opinion.
More or less half of them earn more than I do.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 15 - The passive voice
Se está haciendo.
Se hace dos veces por semana.
Se estaba haciendo cuando se fueron las luces.
Se hizo ayer.
Se va a hacer.
Se hará en un futuro próximo.
Se ha hecho varias veces.
Antes se hacía mucho.
Se haría si hubiera tiempo.
Se habría hecho si hubiera habido tiempo.
Se puede hacer.
Se podría hacer.
Tiene que hacerse.
Debe hacerse.
Debería hacerse.
Puede que se haga.
No se robó.
No se está comprando.
No se vende a menudo.
Esa asignatura no se enseña aquí.
No se ha prestado a nadie.
Antes se hacía mucho.
Se hizo a mano.
Siempre se hace a mano.
Siempre se ha hecho a mano.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 17
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It’s being done.
It’s done twice a week.
It was being done when the lights went out.
It was done yesterday.
It’s going to be done.
It will be done in the near future.
It’s been done several times.
It used to be done a lot.
It would be done if there were time.
It would have been done if there had been time.
It can be done.
It could be done.
It has to be done.
It must be done.
It should be done.
It may be done.
It wasn’t stolen.
It’s not being bought.
It isn’t sold often.
That subject isn’t taught here.
It hasn’t been lent to anyone.
It used to be done a lot.
It was made by hand.
It’s always made by hand.
It’s always been made by hand.
Vocabulary
Booklet
3
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 16 - Phrasal verbs (1)
Si eso no quita la mancha, esto la quitará.
Voy a llevar a mi mujer a pasear.
Nadie ha asumido el control todavía.
Este sillón ocupa mucho espacio.
Yo te subiré hasta el despacho del presidente.
Él te absorberá mucho de tu tiempo.
No quiero entrar en esa cuestión.
Tengo que volver a la oficina.
Él siguió hablando horas y horas.
Voy a bajar a la primera planta.
No lo estás haciendo bien.
Me llevo bien con ella.
El sol se puso a las 7:00.
Caí enfermo con gripe.
Esa chica está detrás de mí desde hace un mes.
¡A por ello!
Tienes que entrar por aquella puerta.
Cuando entres en la sala, no digas nada.
Terminamos hablando del precio de las manzanas.
Mi despertador no sonó esta mañana.
La bomba estalló antes de que pudiera llegar la policía.
Pasemos al siguiente punto del orden del día.
A medida que pasa el tiempo, me doy cuenta de lomucho que ella significaba para mí.
La reunión seguirá unos 10 minutos más.
Mi hija está cerca de cumplir los 17 años.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 19
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If that doesn’t take out the stain, this will take it out.
I’m going to take my wife out for a walk.
Nobody has taken over yet.
This armchair takes up a lot of space.
I’ll take you up to the president’s office.
He’ll take up a lot of your time.
I don’t want to go into that matter.
I have to go back to the office.
He went on talking for hours.
I’m going to go down to the first floor.
You’re not going about it right.
I get along with her very well.
The sun went down at 7:00.
I came down with the flu.
That girl has been after me for a month.
Go for it!
You have to go in through that door.
When you go into the room, don’t say anything.
We wound up talking about the price of apples.
My alarm clock didn’t go off this morning.
The bomb went off before the police could arrive.
Let’s go on to the next item on the agenda.
As time goes on, I realize how much she meant to me.
The meeting will go on for about 10 more minutes.
My daughter is going on 17.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 17 - Phrasal verbs (2)
Se ha apagado el incendio. (Por sí solo)
Eso pasó de moda hace años.
Se pusieron en huelga.
Ensayémoslo una vez más.
¿Qué letra viene después de la K?
Vuelve… te necesito.
Pasa por mi casa antes de ir allí.
¡Baja de ahí!
Se reduce a una cuestión de dinero.
Se reduce a una cuestión de dinero.
Este tipo de bolígrafo resulta muy útil.
Nos has metido en un buen lío.
¿Cómo vamos a salir de este lío?
Se ha despegado el sello.
¡Venga! ¡Vamos!
Le vi cuando salía del ascensor.
Solo tres de las 10 fotos salieron bien.
La revista se publica mensualmente.
La presentación salió muy bien.
¿Por qué no vienes a mi casa a tomar una copa?
El total asciende a 3.000 euros.
Ve al grano.
Vamos a vernos otra vez en algún momento.
Tengo que preparar el presupuesto.
Cuento contigo. No puedes volver atrás.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 20
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The fire has gone out.
That went out of fashion years ago.
They went on strike.
Let’s go over it one more time.
What letter comes after K?
Come back… I need you.
Come by my house before going there.(Drop by, stop by, pass by)
Come down from there!
It comes down to a question of money.
It boils down to a question of money.
This kind of pen really comes in handy.
You got us into a real mess.
How are we going to get out of this mess?
The stamp came off.
Come on!
I saw him when he was coming out of the elevator.
Only three out of the 10 photos came out well.
The magazine comes out monthly.
The presentation came out very well.
Why don’t you come over to my place to have a drink?
The total comes to 3,000 euros.
Get to the point.
Let’s get together again sometime.
I have to draw up the budget.
I’m counting on you. You can’t back out.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 18 - Phrasal verbs (3)
Te respaldaré.
Lo solucionaremos.
Tengo muy poca información en que basarme.
Sus planes fracasaron.
ONU significa “Organización de Naciones Unidas”.
Destacas entre la gente de tu edad.
¿Qué has averiguado?
No rompas esa foto.
Es una foto de mi ex novia y quiero romperla.
Derribaron la casa.
No puedo arrancar esta pegatina. ¿Me la arrancas?
No puedo arrancar esta página. ¿Me la arrancas?
Me aseguraré de que ella esté allí puntualmente.
Tengo la capacidad de ver el futuro.
Voy a ir a la estación a despedirles.
Tenemos que idear algo y rápido.
No consumas toda la batería hoy.
Me gusta pasear por la fábrica.
Ten cuidado con los rateros.
Deberías vigilar tus propios intereses.
Pongámonos a trabajar.
El rumor se difundió rápidamente.
Voy a dejar de fumar.
La fábrica despedía un olor horrible.
¿He omitido algunos verbos compuestos?
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 21
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I’ll back you up.
We’ll work it out.
I have very little information to work on.
Their plans didn’t work out.
The U.N. stands for “United Nations”.
You stand out among the people of your age.
What did you find out? (Usamos el pasado.)
Don’t tear up that photo.
It’s a photo of my ex-girlfriend and I want to tear it up.
They tore down the house.
I can’t tear off this sticker. Can you tear it off for me?
I can’t tear out this page. Can you tear it out for me?
I’ll see to it that she’s there on time.
I have the ability to see into the future.
I’m going to the station to see them off.
We have to think something up fast.
Don’t use up all the battery today.
I like to walk around the factory.
Watch out for pickpockets.
You should watch out for your own interests.
Let’s get to work.
The rumour got around quickly.
I’m going to give up smoking.
The factory gave off a horrible smell.
Have I left out any phrasal verbs?
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 19 - Phrasal verbs (4)
Pepe abrirá la reunión con una breve presentación.
¿Dónde hemos parado antes del descanso?
Nos sobran 10 chuletas de cordero.
No debemos disminuir los esfuerzos.
Los precios se estabilizarán para mediados de año.
Había libros tirados por todas partes.
Se le iluminó la cara.
¿No podemos adelantar la fecha?
Deberíamos retrasar la fecha.
Esto nos abrirá nuevas oportunidades de negocio.
No deberías dejar pasar una oportunidad como esta.
¿Cuándo vas a devolverme el dinero?
Hemos saldado nuestras deudas.
Esto me liberará para hacer otras cosas.
Terminémoslo ya de una vez.
Me crié en un barrio peligroso.
Quieren que yo presente mi dimisión.
¿Qué tienes puesto?
Morgan ha dado con una idea que podría resolver la situación.
Él siempre salta de un tema a otro.
Quisiera señalar lo importante que es este tema.
¿Podemos posponer la reunión hasta mañana?
La situación exige una solución creativa.
Tuve que hacerlo de nuevo.
Tuve que empezar de nuevo.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 22
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Pepe will lead off the meeting with a brief presentation.
Where did we leave off before the break?
We have 10 lamb chops left over.
We mustn’t let up.
Prices will level off by mid-year.
Books were lying around everywhere.
His face lit up.
Can’t we move up the date?
We should move back the date.
This will open up new business opportunities for us.
You shouldn’t pass up an opportunity like this one.
When are you going to pay me back?
We’ve paid off our debts.
This will free me up to do other things.
Let’s get it over with.
I grew up in a dangerous neighborhood.
They want me to hand in my resignation.
What do you have on?
Morgan has hit on an idea that could solve the situation.
He always jumps from one subject to another.
I would like to point out how important this subject is.
Can we put off the meeting until tomorrow?
The situation calls for a creative solution.
I had to do it over.
I had to start over.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 20 - Phrasal verbs (5)
Eso no explica lo que pasó.
Tienes que dejar un margen para gastos imprevistos.
La factura global asciende a 1.000 dólares.
No puedo distinguir el uno del otro.
Tira eso.
No deberías decidir eso de forma precipitada.
Él entró corriendo, me saludó y se fue corriendo.
Esto ocupa demasiado espacio.
Este libro trata de los problemas del Tercer Mundo.
Me muero por verla.
La reunión no acababa nunca.
El plan se vino abajo.
Quiero sondearle sobre el tema.
Tengo ganas de hacer otra cosa.
Céntrate en tu trabajo.
Le echaron de la reunión.
No cuentes conmigo.
Él se ha hecho con una buena reputación.
Intenta calmarles.
Tenemos que tomar medidas enérgicas contra esa clasede comportamiento.
Nunca se me ocurrió.
Necesitamos conseguir que se comprometan con una fecha.
Mantenme informado.
Debemos seguir adelante con el plan.
Explícame eso una vez más.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 23
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That doesn’t account for what happened.
You have to allow for unforeseen expenses.
The overall bill amounts to $1,000.
I can’t tell them apart.
Throw that away.
You shouldn’t rush into that.
He rushed in, said hello, and then rushed out.
This takes up too much space.
This book deals with Third World problems.
I’m dying to see her.
The meeting dragged on forever.
The plan fell through.
I want to feel him out on the subject.
I feel like doing something else.
Focus on your job.
They kicked him out of the meeting.
Count me out.
He’s built up a good reputation.
Try to calm them down.
We have to crack down on that kind of behavior.
It never crossed my mind.
We need to pin them down to a date.
Keep me posted.
We should push ahead with the plan.
Run that by me one more time.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 21 - Common expressions (1)
Lo harán siempre que les respaldes.
Como regla general, no fumo en clase.
Que yo sepa, no han hecho nada todavía.
En cuanto a mí, pueden hacer lo que quieran.
Ya he hablado con él detenidamente sobre el asunto.
En el mejor de los casos, recibiremos el tercer premio.
¿No sabrías por casualidad dónde está Pepe?
Juan es, con mucha diferencia, el mejor de la clase.
En cuanto a ese tema, no tengo más que decir.
El coste de la vida es muy alto aquí.
El nivel de vida en mi país es muy alto.
Debido a circunstancias imprevistas, nos vemos obligadosa cancelar el espectáculo.
Te daré un toque mañana por la mañana. (Por teléfono)
Si prestas atención en clase, a la larga aprenderás mucho.
Voy a la clínica un día sí y otro no.
Me voy de esta empresa para siempre.
Utiliza las cifras preliminares por ahora.
Él siempre está de mal humor los lunes.
Siempre está de buen humor los viernes.
Además de estos problemas, hay otros también.
Si me pagas por adelantado, te haré un descuento.
¿Quién es el encargado de este proyecto?
En todo caso, creo que deberías hablar con tu jefe.
Hice un análisis en profundidad del tema.
En resumidas cuentas, estamos en quiebra.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 24
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They’ll do it as long as you back them up.
As a general rule, I don’t smoke in class.
As far as I know, they haven’t done anything yet.
As far as I’m concerned, they can do whatever they want.
I’ve already spoken to him at length about the matter.
At best, we will receive the third prize.
You wouldn’t know, by any chance, where Pepe is?
John is by far the best in the class.
Concerning that subject, I have nothing more to say.
The cost of living is very high here.
The standard of living in my country is very high.
Due to unforeseen circumstances, we are forced to calloff the show.
I’ll give you a ring tomorrow morning.
If you pay attention in class, eventually you’ll learn a lot.
I go to the clinic every other day.
I’m leaving this company for good.
Use the preliminary figures for the time being.
He’s always in a bad mood on Mondays.
He’s always in a good mood on Fridays.
In addition to those problems, there are others too.
If you pay me in advance, I’ll give you a discount.
Who’s in charge of this project?
In any case, I think you should talk to your boss.
I made an in-depth analysis of the subject.
In short, we’re bankrupt.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 22 - Common expressions (2)
En términos de beneficios, el año ha sido bueno.
A pesar de la escasez de agua, hemos logrado conservarel césped en buenas condiciones.
A la larga, todos saldremos ganando.
Estaré de regreso en 15 minutos. Mientras tanto,repasad vuestros apuntes.
En teoría, el negocio va muy bien.
En vista de los problemas, he decidido cancelarlo.
¿Me lo podrías dar por escrito, por favor?
Da igual que seas alto o bajo.
Trae tu agenda por si acaso.
Hemos perdido el contacto debido a un malentendido.
Sin duda tienes noticia de los cambios recientes.
Lo hice a propósito.
En nombre de la Dirección, quiero expresar su agradecimientoa todos los empleados por los excelentes resultados.
Tuve un accidente camino de la oficina.
En términos generales, estoy de acuerdo con el plan.
Las cosas están empezando a escapar a nuestro control.
¿Crees que vale la pena?
Me siento algo fuera de lugar aquí.
Llegaron sanos y salvos.
Antes de entrar en esta empresa, yo era autónomo.
Tardé mucho en romper el hielo con él.
Estoy dispuesto a hacer lo que sea siempre que sea legal.
Hasta cierto punto, estoy de acuerdo contigo.
Aquello fue la gota que colmó el vaso.
¿Quién lleva la voz cantante aquí?
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 25
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In terms of profits, the year has been good.
In spite of the water shortage, we’ve managed to keep thegrass in good condition.
In the long run, we will all come out ahead.
I’ll be back in 15 minutes. In the meantime, go over your notes.
In theory, the business is going very well.
In view of the problems, I’ve decided to cancel it.
Could you give it to me in writing please?
It doesn’t matter whether you’re tall or short.
Bring your diary just in case.
We’ve lost contact on account of a misunderstanding.
No doubt you’ve heard about the recent changes.
I did it on purpose.
On behalf of the management, I want to thank all theemployees for the excellent results.
I had an accident on the way to the office.
On the whole, I agree with the plan.
Things are starting to get out of control.
Do you think it’s worth it?
I feel somewhat out of place here.
They arrived safe and sound.
Prior to joining this company, I was self-employed.
It took me a long time to break the ice with him.
I’m willing to do anything as long as it’s legal.
To a certain extent, I agree with you.
That was the last straw.
Who runs the show here?
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 23 - Common expressions (3)
Tarde o temprano, te arrepentirás de haberlo hecho.
Estuve en contacto con él ayer.
Siempre les confundo. Se parecen mucho.
Ganaremos más tiempo si se lo mandamos por fax.
El proyecto empezó con buen pie.
El proyecto empezó con mal pie.
No puedo deshacerme de este resfriado.
Vigílale. Personalmente, no me fío de él.
Ten presente que deben estar listos para mañana.
Tendré que recurrir a enchufes para conseguir eso.
No puedes confiar en él para las cosas importantes.
Tenemos que recurrir a financiación ajena.
No podemos contratar a más gente por ahora.
Corres el riesgo de perder tu empleo.
Podemos descartar la segunda alternativa.
Tienes que dar ejemplo delante de la gente.
Déjame ponerte un ejemplo.
Si tienes que competir con él, no tienes posibilidad.
Tengo que volver atrás y partir de cero otra vez.
Sigamos en contacto.
Tengo la costumbre de pensar en voz alta.
Tengo algunos cabos sueltos que atar primero.
No iré a no ser que vengas conmigo.
Toda empresa tiene sus altibajos.
Mientras que a mí me gusta el helado de chocolate, a mimujer le gusta el helado de vainilla.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 26
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Sooner or later, you’ll regret having done it.
I was in touch with him yesterday.
I always get them mixed up. They look a lot alike.
We’ll gain more time if we fax it to them.
The project got off to a good start.
The project got off to a bad start.
I can’t get rid of this cold.
Keep an eye on him. Personally, I don’t trust him.
Keep in mind that they must be ready by tomorrow.
I’ll have to pull some strings to get that.
You can’t rely on him for important things.
We have to resort to outside financing.
We can’t hire any new people for the time being.
You run the risk of losing your job.
We can rule out the second alternative.
You have to set an example in front of the people.
Let me give you an example.
If you have to compete with him, you don’t stand a chance.
I have to go back and start from scratch again.
Let’s stay in touch.
I have the habit of thinking out loud.
I have to tie some loose ends first.
I won’t go unless you come with me.
Every company has its ups and downs.
Whereas I like chocolate ice cream, my wife likes vanillaice cream.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 24 - Common expressions (4)
¡Qué follón!
Él es sin duda la persona más inteligente aquí.
Mis ventas han crecido por el “boca a boca”.
Es tan despistado que se le olvidó su cumpleaños.
¿Hasta dónde llegamos con esto ayer?
Hasta ahora, hemos ganado todos los partidos.
La mandé a verte para que la conocieras.
Lo haré en seguida.
Según mi secretaria, no hubo llamadas.
Soy consciente de las posibles repercusiones.
Estoy confundido en cuanto a quién es quién.
Le gusta correr riesgos.
Estamos por delante de la competencia.
Las cosas han ido más allá de mi control.
A propósito, ¿ha venido Paco hoy?
Lo haré a primera hora de la mañana.
Si es necesario, puedo traer a Juan para echarte una mano.
En cualquier caso, creo que deberíamos llamarles.
Mi discurso causó el efecto contrario.
Al contrario, creo que conseguiste lo que querías.
El partido fue cancelado debido al tiempo.
Les contrataremos a condición de que entreguen lamercancía antes de Navidades.
Estoy harto de estas listas.
Estoy harto de estas listas.
Ya es el colmo. No voy a tratar más con él.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 27
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What a mess!
He’s, without a doubt, the most intelligent person here.
My sales have grown by word-of-mouth.
He’s so absent-minded that he forgot his birthday.
How far did we get with this yesterday?
So far we’ve won every game.
I sent her to see you so that you could meet her.
I’ll do it right away.
According to my secretary, there weren’t any calls.
I’m aware of the possible repercussions.
I’m mixed up as to who is who.
He likes to take risks.
We’re ahead of the competition.
Things have gone beyond my control.
By the way, has Paco come today?
I’ll do it first thing in the morning.
If need be, I can bring John to give you a hand.
In any event, I think we should call them.
My speech caused the opposite effect.
On the contrary, I think you achieved what you wanted.
The game was called off because of the weather.
We’ll contract them provided they deliver themerchandise before Christmas.
I’m fed up with these lists.
I’m sick and tired of these lists.
I’ve had it. I’m not going to deal with him anymore.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 25 - Adjective enrichment (1)
Hay algo suelto en el sobre.
El tornillo está demasiado flojo.
Es un lugar muy solitario.
La música está demasiado alta.
Hicieron un trabajo chapucero.
Ella tiene una voz encantadora.
Ha sido una experiencia significativa.
Estas cifras no significan nada para mí.
Tu mesa de trabajo está muy desordenada.
Es un clima muy templado.
Esta información puede despistar a la gente.
Estás equivocado.
Mi jefe es una persona muy voluble.
No seas tan ingenuo.
Soy un poco miope.
Esta es una situación extraña.
Tienes que hacerlo así. De otro modo, no te podré ayudar.
Pepe es una persona extrovertida.
Fue una experiencia dolorosa para todo el mundo.
Te veo pálido.
Estoy muy satisfecho con los resultados.
No te preocupes. Tenemos tiempo de sobra.
Es inútil continuar. Ya han tomado una decisión.
Has hecho un esfuerzo digno de elogio.
Tenemos unos asuntos urgentes que atender.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 28
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There’s something loose in the envelope.
The screw is too loose.
It’s a very lonely place.
The music is too loud.
They did a lousy job.
She has a lovely voice.
It’s been a meaningful experience.
These figures are totally meaningless to me.
Your desk is very messy.
It’s a very mild climate.
This information can be misleading for people.
You’re mistaken.
My boss is a very moody person.
Don’t be so naïve.
I’m a little near-sighted.
This is an odd situation.
You have to do it this way. Otherwise, I won’t be able to help you.
Pepe is an outgoing person.
It was a painful experience for everyone.
You look pale.
I’m very pleased with the results.
Tenemos tiempo de sobra. Don’t worry. We have plenty of time.
It’s pointless to go on. They’ve already made a decision.
You’ve made a praiseworthy effort.
We have some pressing matters to attend to.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 26 - Adjective enrichment (2)
Él es propenso a salirse por la tangente.
Estoy orgulloso de ser miembro de esta organización.
Fue una decisión prudente y sensata.
Quiero ver los datos en su estado bruto.
Es tranquilizador saber que Pepe está llevando el proyecto.
Es refrescante recibir buenas noticias por una vez.
Pepe es una persona que hace bien lo que se le encarga.
Hemos conseguido algo extraordinario.
Soy reacio a llamarles hasta que no tengamos más información.
Ella es una persona ingeniosa.
Él es una persona muy inquieta.
Ha sido una experiencia gratificante.
Es demasiado arriesgado.
Pasé un período difícil hasta aprender este trabajo.
Ella es a veces maleducada con sus subordinados.
Me asusta cualquier cosa que corra por el suelo.
Él es una persona muy egocéntrica.
Ella es una persona con mucha confianza en sí misma.
¿Por qué eres tan tímido?
Soy autónomo.
Él es una persona independiente que consigue las cosas porsus propios recursos.
No seas egoísta.
Ella tiene una lengua muy afilada.
No seas tímido.
Eres muy hábil con la gente.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 29
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He’s prone to go off on tangents.
I’m proud to be a member of this organization.
It was a wise decision.
I want to see the raw data.
It’s reassuring to know that Pepe is handling the project.
It’s refreshing to receive good news for a change.
Pepe is a reliable person.
We’ve achieved something remarkable.
I’m reluctant to call them until we have more information.
She’s a resourceful person.
He’s a very restless person.
It’s been a rewarding experience.
It’s too risky.
I had a rough time until I learned this job.
She’s sometimes rude to her subordinates.
I’m scared of anything that runs along the floor.
He’s a very self-centered person.
She’s a very self-confident person.
Why are you so self-conscious?
I’m self-employed.
He’s a self-reliant person.
Don’t be selfish.
She has a very sharp tongue.
Don’t be shy.
You’re very skilful with people.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 27 - Adjective enrichment (3)
Ha habido un ligero cambio en mis planes.
Quiero ser esbelto como tú.
Las cosas marchan sin sobresaltos.
Las ventas han subido de manera constante desdeque Morgan se hizo cargo del departamento.
Estás haciendo progresos continuos.
Él es una persona sincera, franca y recta.
La habitación está un poco cargada.
Es sorprendente lo bien que hablan inglés.
Ha sido un día muy estresante.
Tienes que ser más discreto en reuniones como esa.
La comida es muy sabrosa.
Esto solo es un plan provisional.
Has hecho un trabajo maravilloso.
Has hecho un trabajo concienzudo.
Tenemos que seguir un programa muy apretado.
Es una tarea que consume mucho tiempo.
Eres un jefe duro.
Él es de fiar.
Se debió a circunstancias inevitables.
Recibí una visita inesperada.
Es injusto decir eso.
Todavía nos quedan unos asuntos que rematar.
Es una oportunidad única.
Es improbable.
Tu jefe está muy disgustado con tu actitud.
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 30
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There’s been a slight change in my plans.
I want to be slim like you.
Things are running smoothly.
Sales have risen steadily since Morgan took overthe department.
You’re making steady progress.
He’s a straightforward person.
The room is a little stuffy.
It’s surprising how well they speak English.
It’s been a very stressful day.
You have to be more tactful in meetings like that one.
The food is very tasty.
This is only a tentative plan.
You’ve done a terrific job.
You’ve done a thorough job.
We have to follow a very tight schedule.
It’s a time-consuming task.
You’re a tough boss.
He’s trustworthy.
It was due to unavoidable circumstances.
I received an unexpected visit.
It’s unfair to say that.
We still have some unfinished business left.
It’s a unique opportunity.
It’s unlikely.
Your boss is very upset with your attitude.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 28
UN BOCAZAS
POR LO VISTO, AL PARECER
MEZCLA
CUMPLIDO
DANES
TERREMOTO
CARACTERÍSTICAS
ENCABEZAMIENTO
EN MEDIO
PERMISIVO
NO OBSTANTE
PERFIL
MARCHA ATRÁS
EGOÍSTA
RANURA
SUBVENCIÓN
LA VÍA LÁCTEA
AGRADECER
CUMPLIR CON
DESHACERSE DE
ORIENTAR
OXIDARSE
TENER ÉXITO, TRIUNFAR
SUBVALORAR
VENIDERO
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 31
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25.
A LOUDMOUTH
APPARENTLY
BLEND
COMPLIMENT
DANISH
EARTHQUAKE
FEATURES
HEADING
IN THE WAY
LENIENT
NEVERTHELESS
PROFILE
REVERSE
SELFISH
SLOT
SUBSIDY
THE MILKY WAY
TO APPRECIATE
TO COMPLY WITH
TO GET RID OF
TO ORIENT
TO RUST
TO SUCCEED
TO UNDERRATE
UPCOMING
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 29
UN RECORDATORIO
CANDIDATO, SOLICITANTE
TENSIÓN SANGUÍNEA
PREOCUPADO
GUARDERÍA
ECONÓMICAS
PROMETIDO / A
ARDOR (DE ESTÓMAGO)
INPRECISO
ESPERANZA DE VIDA
VIDA NOCTURNA
RENTABILIDAD
ACERTIJO
ANTIGÜEDAD (EN UNA EMPRESA)
CARACOL
BRONCEADO
LOS JUEGOS OLÍMPICOS
EVALUAR, VALORAR
TOSER
REGALAR (POR NO QUERER)
SUPERAR
DAR EJEMPLO
RESUMIR
DESATAR
ASPIRADORA
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 32
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A REMINDER
APPLICANT
BLOOD PRESSURE
CONCERNED
DAYCARE CENTER
ECONOMICS
FIANCÉ
HEART BURN
INACCURATE
LIFE EXPECTANCY
NIGHT LIFE
PROFITABILITY
RIDDLE
SENIORITY
SNAIL
SUNTAN
THE OLYMPIC GAMES
TO ASSESS
TO COUGH
TO GIVE AWAY
TO OVERCOME
TO SET AN EXAMPLE
TO SUM UP
TO UNTIE
VACUUM CLEANER
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 30
UN CONTRATIEMPO
AGRADECIDO
MOLESTO
CONCIENZUDO
FECHA TOPE, PLAZO
EFICAZ
FLOTA
HEREDERO
CADA VEZ MÁS
PROBABLE
BLOC PARA NOTAS
PROMETEDOR
RIVALIDAD
ACUERDO, ARREGLO
BLANDURA
EXCEDENTE
LA CRUZ ROJA
APOYAR, RESPALDAR
CHOCAR
HACER EL GANSO
DESBORDAR
AFILAR, SACAR PUNTA
RENDIRSE
PERDER TIEMPO (MALGASTAR)
VIABILIDAD
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25.
A SETBACK
APPRECIATIVE
BOTHERSOME
CONSCIENTIOUS
DEADLINE
EFFECTIVE
FLEET
HEIR
INCREASINGLY
LIKELY
NOTEPAD
PROMISING
RIVALRY
SETTLEMENT
SOFTNESS
SURPLUS
THE RED CROSS
TO BACK UP
TO CRASH
TO GOOF OFF
TO OVERFLOW
TO SHARPEN
TO SURRENDER
TO WASTE TIME
VIABILITY
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 31
ACENTO
APROPIADAMENTE
DE MENTE AMPLIA
CONSUMIDOR
SORDO
EFICACIA
INUNDACIÓN
DESAMPARADO
INGENIO
LANGOSTA (DE MAR)
PULPO
ORGULLOSO
REALEZA
INDEMNIZACIÓN POR DESPIDO
AGRIO
ENCUESTA, SONDEO
CUANTO ANTES MEJOR
ESTAR EN MEDIO
RECORTAR, REDUCIR
QUEJARSE
DERROCAR
ACORTAR
BARRER
ENSANCHAR
CÍRCULO VICIOSO
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 34
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ACCENT
APPROPRIATELY
BROAD-MINDED
CONSUMER
DEAF
EFFECTIVENESS
FLOOD
HELPLESS
INGENUITY
LOBSTER
OCTOPUS
PROUD
ROYALTY
SEVERANCE PAY
SOUR
SURVEY
THE SOONER THE BETTER
TO BE IN THE WAY
TO CUT BACK
TO GRIPE
TO OVERTHROW
TO SHORTEN
TO SWEEP
TO WIDEN
VICIOUS CIRCLE
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 32
EN CONSECUENCIA
GAMA, SURTIDO
BUROCRACIA
CHIRIMBOLO
ENCANTADO
ÁNIMO, ALIENTO
GOMA ESPUMA
DUDOSO
LESIONADO
LOGÍSTICA
EN CAMBIO
MARIONETA
RUINAS
VERGONZOSO
CHISPA
CISNE
EL ESTADO DEL BIENESTAR
SER GORDO
CONSIDERAR
PASÁRSELO BIEN
FALLECER
SUSPIRAR
ECHAR LA SIESTA
RESOLVER
VOLCAN
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 35
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25.
ACCORDINGLY
ARRAY
BUREAUCRACY
CONTRAPTION
DELIGHTED
ENCOURAGEMENT
FOAM RUBBER
HESITANT
INJURED
LOGISTICS
ON THE OTHER HAND
PUPPET
RUINS
SHAMEFUL
SPARK
SWAN
THE WELFARE STATE
TO BE OVERWEIGHT
TO DEEM
TO HAVE A GOOD TIME
TO PASS AWAY
TO SIGH
TO TAKE A NAP
TO WORK OUT
VOLCANO
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 33
PRECISIÓN
QUE YO SEPA
CATÓLICO
COMODIDAD
EXIGENTE
FONDO, AGUANTE
POR AHORA, DE MOMENTO
GANCHO, ANZUELO, GARFIO
LOCURA
A LARGO PLAZO
DE OTRO MODO, SI NO
BASTANTES
RON
JEREZ
PICANTE, CONDIMENTADO
SUDOROSO
TOZUDO
DERROTAR
EXIGIR
INSINUAR
IRSE AMONTONANDO
INCORPORARSE
PARECERSE A (FORMA DE SER)
GRITAR
BUITRE
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 36
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24.
25.
ACCURACY
AS FAR AS I KNOW
CATHOLIC
CONVENIENCE
DEMANDING
ENDURANCE
FOR THE TIME BEING
HOOK
INSANITY
LONG-TERM
OTHERWISE
QUITE A FEW
RUM
SHERRY
SPICY
SWEATY
THICK-HEADED
TO BEAT
TO DEMAND
TO INSINUATE
TO PILE UP
TO SIT UP
TO TAKE AFTER
TO YELL
VULTURE
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 34
TALÓN DE AQUILES
ASFALTO
ALTO EL FUEGO
CONVINCENTE
DINAMARCA
NOVIAZGO FORMAL
VISIÓN DE FUTURO, PREVISIÓN
REHEN
IMPLICACIÓN, INVOLUCRACIÓN
LEAL
ABRUMADOR
TRANQUILIZADOR
TRISTEZA
ESCASEZ (TEMPORAL)
PORTAVOZ
PEZ ESPADA
COMPLETO Y ESMERADO
DOBLAR
DESPLEGAR
MANTENERSE EN FORMA
REZAR
RESBALAR
ASUMIR EL MANDO
DOLOR DE MUELA
GARANTÍA (SOBRE UN PRODUCTO)
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24.
25.
ACHILLES HEEL
ASPHALT
CEASE-FIRE
CONVINCING
DENMARK
ENGAGEMENT
FORESIGHT
HOSTAGE
INVOLVEMENT
LOYAL
OVERWHELMING
REASSURING
SADNESS
SHORTAGE
SPOKESMAN
SWORDFISH
THOROUGH
TO BEND
TO DEPLOY
TO KEEP FIT
TO PRAY
TO SLIP
TO TAKE OVER
TOOTHACHE
WARRANTY
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 35
ADQUISICIÓN
A TODA COSTA
RETO, DESAFÍO
POLICÍA
MERECEDOR
EMPRENDEDOR
QUINCENA
¿POR QUÉ?
NO TIENE SENTIDO
LUJOSO
OSTRA
RECREO
AHORROS
PALA
CÓNYUGE
MANTEL
ESMERO
CHANTAJEAR
ODIAR
ECHAR A PATADAS
ANDAR CON DILACIONES, APLAZAR
RONCAR
RASGAR, ROMPER (TELA, PAPEL)
PASTA DE DIENTES
PAPELERA
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18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ACQUISITION
AT ALL COSTS
CHALLENGE
COP
DESERVING
ENTERPRISING
FORTNIGHT
HOW COME?
IT DOESN’T MAKE ANY SENSE
LUXURIOUS
OYSTER
RECREATION
SAVINGS
SHOVEL
SPOUSE
TABLECLOTH
THOROUGHNESS
TO BLACKMAIL
TO DESPISE
TO KICK OUT
TO PROCRASTINATE
TO SNORE
TO TEAR
TOOTHPASTE
WASTE BASKET
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 36
VENTAJOSO
DETENIDAMENTE
TALONARIO DE CHEQUES
CORCHO
DISPOSITIVO
ENTORNO, MEDIO AMBIENTE
ASUSTADO
HUMILDE
¡MENOS MAL!
VALOR DE MERCADO
LORO
REFERENCIA
CABEZA DE TURCO
TÍMIDO
ESTANCADO
MANSO
CONSIDERACIÓN
FAROLEAR
ELABORAR, CONFECCIONAR
DESPEDIR (EN MASA)
PROPORCIONAR
RESOLVER
PENSAR EN VOZ ALTA
TORNEO
ADINERADO, RICO
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15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ADVANTAGEOUS
AT LENGTH
CHECKBOOK
CORK
DEVICE
ENVIRONMENT
FRIGHTENED
HUMBLE
IT’S A GOOD THING !
MARKET VALUE
PARROT
REFERRAL
SCAPEGOAT
SHY
STAGNANT
TAME
THOUGHTFULNESS
TO BLUFF
TO DRAW UP
TO LAY OFF
TO PROVIDE
TO SOLVE
TO THINK OUT LOUD
TOURNAMENT
WEALTHY
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 37
CONSEJO, ASESORAMIENTO
A EXPENSAS DE
LISTA DE VERIFICACIÓN
COSTOSO
DECEPCIONADO
DE VEZ EN CUANDO
BRECHA, LAGUNA
TENGO UN HAMBRE QUE NO VEAS
NO VALE LA PENA
COLCHÓN
NÓMINA
LAMENTABLE
ESPANTAPÁJAROS
PECADO
FONDO, AGUANTE
AGUA DE GRIFO
AMENAZA
HERVIR
DARSE DE BAJA
ALARGAR
DAR UN PUÑETAZO
DERRAMAR, TIRAR
AMENAZAR
CHALET ADOSADO
CAPRICHOSO
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13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ADVICE
AT THE EXPENSE OF
CHECKLIST
COSTLY
DISAPPOINTED
EVERY NOW AND THEN
GAP
I’M STARVING
IT’S NOT WORTH IT
MATTRESS
PAYROLL
REGRETFUL
SCARECROW
SIN
STAMINA
TAP WATER
THREAT
TO BOIL
TO DROP OUT
TO LENGTHEN
TO PUNCH
TO SPILL
TO THREATEN
TOWNHOUSE
WHIMSICAL
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 38
ACOMODADO
INTENTO
BARBILLA
MOSTRADOR
DESANIMADO
UN DÍA SI Y OTRO NO
CHISMORREO
DESEQUILIBRIO
MARFIL
DESORDENADO
SEMEJANTES
FIABILIDAD
PLAN
UN ESCÉPTICO
CONSTANTE Y EQUILIBRADO
SABROSO
UMBRAL
BOTAR
TEÑIR
TUMBARSE
REUNIR LAS CONDICIONES
RIZAR EL RIZO
TIRAR (A LA BASURA)
REMOLQUE
SILBATO, PITO
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18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
AFFLUENT
ATTEMPT
CHIN
COUNTER
DISCOURAGED
EVERY OTHER DAY
GOSSIP
IMBALANCE
IVORY
MESSY
PEERS
RELIABILITY
SCHEME
A SKEPTIC
STEADY
TASTY
THRESHOLD
TO BOUNCE
TO DYE
TO LIE DOWN
TO QUALIFY
TO SPLIT HAIRS
TO THROW AWAY
TRAILER
WHISTLE
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 39
OBJETIVO
DOLOR DE ESPALDA
ALMEJAS
VALOR, VALENTÍA
DESCUBRIMIENTO
AGOTADO, RENDIDO
PROMOCIÓN (ESCOLAR)
INAPROPIADO
POR SI ACASO
ENGAÑOSO
BUENA SALUD FÍSICA
DIGNO DE ELOGIO
TIJERAS
ESCEPTICISMO
VOLANTE
CONTRIBUYENTE
TRONO
CRIAR, EDUCAR
PERMITIR, POSIBILITAR
ESPERAR CON ILUSIÓN
REACCIONAR
APUÑALAR
HACER COSQUILLAS
PERIODO DE PRUEBA
MAYORISTA
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18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
AIM
BACKACHE
CLAMS
COURAGE
DISCOVERY
EXHAUSTED
GRADUATING CLASS
IMPROPER
JUST IN CASE
MISLEADING
PHYSICAL FITNESS
REMARKABLE
SCISSORS
SKEPTICISM
STEERING WHEEL
TAXPAYER
THRONE
TO BRING UP
TO ENABLE
TO LOOK FORWARD TO
TO REACT
TO STAB
TO TICKLE
TRIAL PERIOD
WHOLESALER
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 40
ALIANZA
GLOBO
PRECIPICIO, ACANTILADO
CANGREJO, NÉCORA
VERGONZOSO
EXPERIMENTADO
TUMBA
EN UN APRIETO
NUDO
MONOPOLIO
RATERO, CARTERISTA
ELIMINACIÓN
DESTORNILLADOR
FLACO
ESTEREOTIPO
TIERNO
APRETADO
EXIGIR
SOBRESALIR, DESTACAR
PARECERSE A
NEGARSE A
DESTACAR, SOBRESALIR
ANDAR DE PUNTILLAS
TRAMPOSO
PRUDENTE, JUICIOSO, SABIO
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18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ALLIANCE
BALLOON
CLIFF
CRAB
DISGRACEFUL
EXPERIENCED
GRAVE
IN A PINCH
KNOT
MONOPOLY
PICKPOCKET
REMOVAL
SCREWDRIVER
SKINNY
STEREOTYPE
TENDER
TIGHT
TO CALL FOR
TO EXCEL
TO LOOK LIKE
TO REFUSE
TO STAND OUT
TO TIPTOE
TRICKY
WISE
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 41
ALMENDRA
CEBADA
PISTA, INDICIO
CHOQUE
INSATISFECHO
FECHA DE CADUCIDAD
AVARO
EN CUALQUIER CASO
EXPERTO
HIPOTECA
PELIGRO, ESCOLLO, TRAMPA
RESERVADO
GAVIOTA
CALUMNIA
PALO
FABULOSO, GENIAL
HASTA CIERTO PUNTO
CALMARSE
ESFUMARSE
BURLARSE DE
SOLTAR, LIBERAR
SEGUIR EN CONTACTO
ENDURECER
DIGNO DE CONFIANZA
SIN VALOR
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22.
23.
24.
25.
ALMOND
BARLEY
CLUE
CRASH
DISSATISFIED
EXPIRATION DATE
GREEDY
IN ANY CASE
KNOWLEDGEABLE
MORTGAGE
PITFALL
RESERVED
SEA GULL
SLANDER
STICK
TERRIFIC
TO A CERTAIN EXTENT
TO CALM DOWN
TO FADE AWAY
TO MAKE FUN OF
TO RELEASE
TO STAY IN TOUCH
TO TOUGHEN
TRUSTWORTHY
WORTHLESS
VaughanS Y S T E M S
LIST 42
SIMPÁTICO
ALBORNOZ
CARBÓN
COSECHA, CULTIVO
UN INCONVENIENTE
INSTALACIONES
DIRECTRICES
RESPONSABLE DE
CHULETAS DE CORDERO
LENGUA MATERNA
ENCHUFE
DE CARÁCTER FUERTE
SEMILLAS
NEGRERO
ROÑOSO
LOS ARABES
LOGRAR
ALCANZAR (DESDE ATRAS)
DESMAYAR
HACER USO DE
RESCATAR
APESTAR
ATRAPAR
ATÚN, BONITO
HERIDO
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25.
AMIABLE
BATHROBE
COAL
CROP
A DRAWBACK
FACILITIES
GUIDELINES
IN CHARGE OF
LAMB CHOPS
MOTHER TONGUE
PLUG
RESILIENT
SEEDS
SLAVE DRIVER
STINGY
THE ARABS
TO ACHIEVE
TO CATCH UP
TO FAINT
TO MAKE USE OF
TO RESCUE
TO STINK
TO TRAP
TUNA
WOUNDED
Presentations &Public Speaking
Telephoning and conference calls
Vocabulary for dealing with questions
Interview evaluation sheet
Vocabulary for business English
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 47
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
Answering a call
This is Sonia.
Sonia speaking.
How can I help you?
(Not 'I am Sonia!')
Asking who is on the telephone
Excuse me, who's calling please?
May I ask who's speaking?
Who shall I say is calling?
(Not 'Who is this?')
Asking for a number
Could you please tell me the number of yourMadrid branch?
Could you give me the number of the HumanResources department?
Do you have the number for....?
Asking for someone
Is this the Customer Service Department?
Could I speak to...
Is Maria there/in?
Could you put me through to Extension 123?
Can I have Extension 123?
Connecting someone
I'll just put you through.
Can you hold the line?
Can you hold on a minute/moment?
Hold please.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 48
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
When someone is not availableI'm afraid Maria is not available at the moment.
Maria's out/away at the moment...
The line is busy; could you call back later?
Taking a messageCan/Could/May I take a message?
Would you like to leave a message?
Leaving a messageCould I leave a message for her?
Could you pass on a message to Sonia for me please?
Checking information
Have I got this straight?
Have I got that right?
Let me just check the details...
Just to confirm, you are arriving on the 27th,is that right?
Problems with the line
I'm sorry, this connection is terrible. Could yourepeat that please?
I think there's some interference on the line.
I'm sorry, I think we got cut off just then.
You're breaking up – do you have a land line Icould call you on?
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 49
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
Ending a call
Thank you for calling.
Is there anything else I can help you with?
Very nice to talk to you.
If there's anything else, you can reach me on mymobile/ my extension is 8893.
Talk to you again soon.
Add any further sentencesyou can think of…
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 50
EXPRESSIONS FOR DEALING WITH QUESTIONS
Asking Questions – Polite
Do you mind if I ask you whether…
Could you tell me if…
I’d be interested to know…
I’d like to know …
Would you mind telling me/us about…
Answering Polite Questions
Please do/ Go ahead/Certainly.
That’s a good point.
That’s an interesting question.
I’m glad you asked me/raised that.
Statement Questions
Make a statement with a question intonation or aquestion tag.
E.g. - “The project won’t be finished on time?” Or “We’veunderestimated the budget, haven’t we?”
Contradicting a Statement Question
If you want to contradict a statement question, use‘actually’ or ‘as a matter of fact.’
E.g. - “We’ve underestimated the budget, haven’t we? Ac-tually, we’re right on target.” Or “The project won’t be finis-hed on time? As a matter of fact, we expect to havecompleted the work by next week.”
Giving Reassurance
I'd like to reassure you about that.
There is no need for concern on that point.
You need have no worries on that front.
I can understand your concern but...
Add any further sentencesyou can think of…
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 51
INTERVIEW EVALUATION SHEET
1. START OF THE INTERVIEW
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
2. TELL ME A BIT ABOUT YOURSELF
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
3. HOW DID YOU FIND OUT ABOUT THIS POSITION?
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
4. ACHIEVEMENTS
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
5. STRENGTHS
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
6. WEAKNESSES
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
7. WHAT ARE YOUR LONG-TERM CAREER PLANS?
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
8. WHY SHOULD WE CHOOSE YOU?
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 52
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Beginning
Let’s get down to business.
Shall we make a start?
I’d like to begin by…
There are three points I’d like to make.
Ordering
As you’ll see from the agenda…
To begin with…
I suggest we take this item first.
Let’s start by looking at the issue of…
Introducing a new point
Turning to…
Moving on to…
Turning our attention to…
Let’s now focus on…
AddingIn addition…
Additionally
We should also think about…
Giving an example
Let me give an example…
To illustrate this point, let’s consider…
Let’s look at the case of…
A case in point is…
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 53
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Weighing up an idea
On the one hand,... but on the other hand...
Although..., we must remember that...
Even though..., we should still bear in mind that...
In spite of..., I still think that...
Despite the fact that..., we mustn’t forget that...
Generalising
By and large...
All in all...
Most of the time...
On the whole...
In general...
Generally speaking...
EmphasizingLet me emphasize...
Can I just draw your attention to...?
I’d like to point out...
Stating preferenceI’d prefer... to...
I’d rather...
I tend to favour... as opposed to...
ConcludingLet me wrap up by saying...
Let me conclude with...
I would like to conclude my comments by...
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 54
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Asking for an opinion
What do you think?
What’s your opinion?
What’s your position on...?
What are your views/ thoughts on...?
Giving a strong opinion
I strongly/firmly/really believe that...
I really feel that...
I am (absolutely) convinced...
There can be no question that...
It’s quite/crystal clear that...
I’m certain/positive that...
Giving an opinion
In my opinion, we should…
As I see it…
As far as I’m concerned…
From my perspective/point of view…
In my view…
Giving a weak opinion
As far as I know/ am able to judge...
It strikes me/ seems to me that...
I would say that...
I think it could be argued that...
Commenting on opinionsI see what you mean.
That’s an interesting point.
That does need to be considered.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 55
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Relevance Perhaps we’re missing the point.
We’re getting off the point.
Shall we get back to the point?
Giving someone theopportunity to speak
We haven’t heard from…
I’d like to get your view…
Can we hear what…has to say?
I would like to invite…to present his views on…
Would you care to comment?
I think…would like to make a point.
Let’s hear from…
Summarizing
So, to sum up…
If I could just sum up the discussion…
In short…
In brief…
The main points that have been made are…
The matter as it stands is…
Just to review the main points so far…
Strong agreement
I’m 100% behind you.
I entirely agree with you.
I’m of exactly the same opinion.
I’m in total agreement/accord.
Neutral agreement
I agree.
I see your point.
I think we are in agreement on that.
I think you’re right.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 56
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Tentative agreement
I agree, but…
I’m not against it, but…
Up to a point, I agree with you.
I would tend to agree with you on that.
I agree in principle, but…
I agree with you on the whole, but it could be
argued/said that…
Strong disagreement
I totally/completely disagree with you.
I don’t agree at all.
I couldn’t agree less.
You’re completely in error/mistaken.
I could never agree to that.
What you are saying is unfeasible/ impossible.
You must be joking/ kidding!
Polite strong disagreement
Frankly…
To be blunt…
Bluntly…
With (all due) respect…
Tentative disagreement
I really can’t agree with you about…
I can’t say I share your views on…
I’m not convinced about…
I think we need more time to consider…
There are two sides to the argument…
Polite disagreement I understand your point, but…
I can see why you think that, but…
I can see what you’re getting at, but…
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 57
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Adding information
There are other considerations which must be takeninto account. For example…
Seen from one angle/perspective/point of view…
I wonder if you’ve considered…
There are certain aspects we must bear/keep in mind…
I don’t know if you’re aware of…
Asking questions
Have you considered…?
Has it occurred to you that...?
Do you realize/know that…?
Wouldn’t you agree that…?
Shouldn’t we consider…?
I was wondering if you’d looked at…?
Expressing concern or reservation
I have some reservations about...
I'm (rather/a little/somewhat) concerned/worriedabout...
I'm afraid that...
I can't help feeling that...
Reassuring
There's absolutely no cause for concern about...
I can assure you...
Let me assure you...
I/we understand/share/appreciate your concernabout...
Playing something down I think we can disregard…
I don’t think we need to focus too much on…
These are minor issues when one considers…
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 58
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Interrupting
Excuse me, may I interrupt here?
Just a moment...
Can I say something here?
Sorry to interrupt/ butt in...
Joining in
Could I come in at this point?
If I could just say something here...
If it's alright with everyone, I'd like to take thisopportunity to...
I have a point to make here.
I think I have something to add which could berelevant.
Coming back to a pointafter an interruption
As I was saying...
Coming back to what I was saying...
To resume...
To return to...
Preventing an interruption
If I could return to the point I was making...
I'll come to that in a moment.
Just let me finish.
Just wait a moment...
If I might just finish...
If you would be so kind as to let me finish...
Stopping interruptionsbefore they happen
Before we begin the discussion, I'd just like to say...
If I could briefly outline three points...
I have two points I'd like to make
Very briefly...
Firstly, I'd like to... and then I would like to...
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 59
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Asking general questions
Can/could/may I just ask you...?
I was wondering if you could...?
Could you tell us...?
What sort of...
I'd be interested to know...
Perhaps you could tell us...
Asking closed / leading questions
Did you...?
Is there...?
Have you...?
Are you going/planning to...?
Will there be...?
Probing questions What exactly do you mean by...
Could you tell us a little more about...
Could you go into a little more detail about...
Paraphrasing
So you're worried about...?
If I understand you correctly...?
You feel that...?
Let me see if I've understood you. You want to...
Let me make sure I follow. You feel that...
Asking for repetition
Could you run that by us again please?
I'm afraid I don't quite follow. Could you repeat that?
Would you mind going over that again, please?
I'm afraid I don't see what you mean.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 60
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Correcting misunderstandings
There seems to have been a slightmisunderstanding.
That isn't quite what I meant.
Sorry, perhaps I didn't make myself clear. What Iwas trying to say is that....
Giving yourself timeto think of an answer
That's an interesting question.
I'm glad you asked me that.
Obviously, there are a lot of issues to consider.
That's a difficult question to answer.
You have raised a good point there.
Being certainI'm (100%) certain that...
I'm (absolutely) sure that...
There's no doubt...
Being fairly sure
I'm fairly sure that...
I'm almost certain that...
It's quite likely that...
It's fairly probable that...
Probably...
Being unsureIt's possible that...
It's not impossible that...
There is a possibilty that...
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Public Speaking
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 61
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Thinking something is unlikely
It's very unlikely that...
I don't think there's any chance that...
It seems highly unlikely that...
It is highly improbable that...
There's very little likelihood of...
Being uncertainI'm not sure/certain that...
I have doubts about...
I'm uncertain about...
Bargaining
We are prepared to...on condition that...
We will concede...if you compromise on...
I think we could...provided that...
We are willing to...on the understanding that ...
We are ready to...as long as...
Confirming acceptability
Would that be acceptable?
Does that seem satisfactory?
Is that an acceptable compromise?
We hope that this will be acceptable.
Accepting a bargainI don't think we could agree to that, unless...
We wouldn't be prepared to..., unless...
We'd be reluctant to...unless...
Appendices
Cloverdale’s Characters
Sudoku Inglés
Most Common Irregular Verbs
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 63
Natasha has been thinking about Scotland for
the past two weeks. Her cousin, André
Zarakovich, has been living in Scotland for 23
years. He moved there with his parents when
he was only five years old. He is one year
younger than Natasha. Many years ago, when
André was a child, he played with Natasha
every day in Moscow. They lived next door
to each other. André only remembers a few
things from that period. However, Natasha
still remembers a lot of things. She
remembers that André was a bad little boy.
He always hit her when they were playing.
For the past five years, André and Natasha
have been writing to each other. André’s
father is an aeronautical engineer and the
family has a nice house in the suburbs of
Glasgow. Ever since André started writing to
Natasha, he has been inviting her to visit him
and his family in Glasgow. Natasha would like
to go, but it’s too expensive for her. In his last
letter, André told her that he had found a
new job and that he was earning twice as
much as in his last job. He also told her that,
with the extra money in the first two months,
he had made a flight reservation for Natasha
on British Airways for December 22nd. The
return ticket was for January 3rd. When
Natasha read the letter, she couldn’t believe
it. She didn’t like the idea of André paying for
the ticket, but she was excited that she was
finally going to visit another country. She’s
never been outside of Russia. In fact, she’s
never been more than 50 kilometers outside
of Moscow.
1. What has Natasha been thinking about lately?
2. How long has she been thinking about
Scotland?
3. What’s her cousin’s name?
4. How long has he been living in Scotland?
5. Did he move there alone or with his parents?
6. How old was he when he moved to
Scotland?
7. How much younger is he than Natasha?
8. Where did André live when he was a
young child?
9. Did he live near Natasha or far from her?
10. What did they do together at that time?
11. How much does André remember from
that period?
12. How much does Natasha remember?
13. What kind of boy was André when he was
little?
14. What did he do to Natasha when they
were together?
15. How long have they been writing to each
other?
16. What does André’s father do?
17. What kind of house does André’s family
have?
18. Where do they live in Glasgow?
19. Since when has André been inviting
Natasha to Scotland?
20. Would Natasha like to go?
21. What’s the problem?
22. What did André tell Natasha about his
working life?
23. How much more does he earn in his new
job?
24. What did he do with the extra money he
is earning?
25. With what airline did he make a reservation?
26. When will Natasha go to Scotland?
27. Will she stay in Scotland for several
months?
28. When will she go back to Moscow?
29. What was Natasha’s reaction when she
read the letter?
30. What didn’t she like about the arrangement?
31. Why was she excited?
32. How many times has she traveled abroad?
33. How many times has she been to St.
Petersburg?
34. Has she ever been to another large city
in Russia?
35. Has she ever been outside of Moscow?
36. How far outside of Moscow has she been?
Natasha Zarakovich
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 64
This morning, shortly before lunch, Anna
Barghini received a telephone call from Karl
Polster, the Purchasing Manager of Mercedes
Benz. They have been in contact for several
months because Anna’s company is
negotiating a large contract to supply car
seats for several models produced by
Mercedes. Anna’s having lunch right now in
her office. She’s thinking about Karl Polster. It
seems strange that the Purchasing Manager
of Mercedes should call her so often. His job
is more administrative than technical. The
real negotiations are between her engineers
and the technical people at Mercedes. She
has a feeling that Karl is interested in
something more than business. In their
conversation this morning, he asked her
twice when she was planning to visit
Stuttgart again. He also talked to her about
a country house he has in the Black Forest.
Anna doesn’t have a serious relationship
with any man right now. She’s really too busy
running her father’s company to worry
about men. However, she’s 27 years old and
she sometimes feels a little lonely. Karl is a
nice young man and quite handsome, but
Anna is always afraid that men are more
interested in her money than in her. Her
family’s estate is worth over 50 million
dollars. She told Karl in their conversation
that she was planning to be in Stuttgart for
a couple of days at the end of November.
She didn’t say anything when he mentioned
his country house.
1. Who did Anna receive a telephone call
from?
2. When did she received the call?
3. What’s Karl’s job in Mercedes Benz?
4. How long have they been in contact?
5. Why have they been in contact?
6. Is Anna having lunch or dinner right now?
7. Who is she thinking about?
8. What seems strange to Anna about Karl?
9. Is Karl’s job more technical or more
administrative?
10. Are the negotiations more technical or
administrative?
11. Who are Anna’s engineers dealing with
in Mercedes?
12. What does Anna think Karl is interested in?
13. What did Karl ask Anna twice about this
morning?
14. What else did he talk to her about?
15. What‘s Anna’s situation now concerning
men?
16. Why doesn’t she have time for men right
now?
17. How old is she?
18. How does she feel sometimes?
19. What is her opinion of Karl?
20. What is she afraid of concerning men?
21. How much is her family’s estate worth?
22. Did she tell Karl that she was planning to
be in Stuttgart?
23. How long did she say she was planning
to be there?
24. When did she say she was planning to be
there?
25. What did she say when Karl mentioned
his country house?
Ana Barghini
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 65
Aki Morita was worried about his future in
Honda. Earlier that day, his bosses had told
him that he would be the quality manager at
a new factory that Honda was building in
Louisiana. That same night, before saying
anything to his family, Aki looked up
“Louisiana” in his encyclopedia. It said that
Louisiana was famous for its French
influence. A group of French Protestants
called the “Acadians” had gone to Louisiana
to escape persecution. They had established
a special culture in Louisiana and they were
called the “Cajuns”, which was a
deformation of the word “Acadians”. The
article also talked about the city of New
Orleans and about the history of Louisiana.
It said that there had been a lot of political
corruption in the state during the ‘30’s and
‘40’s. The only thing that Aki found
interesting was the section about the
beautiful plantation homes along the
Mississippi River, in a town called Natchez.
He thought that his wife would enjoy visiting
that town. When he had finished the article
about Louisiana, he sat down to have dinner
with his family. It was 8:30. His wife noticed
that he was quiet during the meal, but she
didn’t say anything. She simply thought that
he had had a hard day at the office. He was
often quiet and pensive when he was at
home.
1. What was Aki Morita worried about?
2. What had his bosses told him earlier the
same day?
3. Did Aki tell his family about Louisiana
when he got home?
4. What book did he get when he got home?
5. What did he look up in the encyclopedia?
6. What did the article say Louisiana was
famous for?
7. What group of people did the article talk
about?
8. Why had they gone to Louisiana?
9. What was the name of the culture they
established?
10. Why was it called the “Cajun” culture?
11. What big city did the article mention?
12. Did Aki read about the history or the
economy of Louisiana?
13. What he read about the political
situation in the ‘30’s and ‘40’s?
14. What did Aki find interesting in the article?
15. Where were the plantations located?
16. What did Aki think that his wife would
enjoy?
17. What did he do after he had finished
reading the article?
18. Who did he have dinner with?
19. What time did he sit down to have dinner?
20. What did his wife notice during the meal?
21. What did she say about this?
22. What did she think was the problem?
23. Was Aki usually fun and talkative when
he was at home?
24. What was Aki usually like when he was at
home?
Aki Morita
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 66
Pierre Monet had a terrible time getting up this
morning. If he hadn’t had an important
translation to do at the Ministry, he would’ve
stayed in bed until at least 10 o’clock. But he had
to get up at 6:30, his normal time to get up. The
problem was that he had gone to bed at 4:00
a.m. He had spent ten hours doing an urgent
translation for a personal client of his who
needed the translation by 8 o’clock that very
morning. When Pierre got home at 5:00 p.m.
the day before, he began working on a relatively
short, easy translation about a corporate
merger. The translation needed to be done by
the following Monday. At 5:30, however, he
received a telephone call from the Chairman of
Peugeot, who knew Pierre personally, and used
his services for the translation of important
documents. The Chairman told Pierre that a
meeting that was scheduled for the following
week with the management of Volvo in Sweden
had been moved up to tomorrow. He said that
he urgently needed Pierre to translate two
letters and a 24- page contract. Pierre knew that
this would mean staying up all night, but he told
the Chairman not to worry. Within five minutes,
Pierre received the letters and contract by e-
mail and began translating. By 7:00 p.m., he had
finished the two letters, one of which was four
pages long. At 9:00 p.m., his wife made him a
sandwich and a strong coffee. By that time, he
had already finished the first six pages of the
contract. However, the second half of the
contract was quite difficult to translate. It
included a lot of legal terminology and very long
sentences. One sentence was so long that it
took Pierre almost a minute to find the subject
and the verb. By 3:00 a.m., he had finished the
contract and he spent the next hour checking it
thoroughly. Shortly before 4:00 a.m., he sent it to
Peugeot by e-mail. Then he went to bed
exhausted. His only consolation was that he
would earn almost 1,000 euros for the job. It
was worth it.
1. What problem did Pierre have this
morning?
2. What did he have at the Ministry this
morning?
3. How long would he have stayed in bed if
he hadn’t had an important translation at
the Ministry?
4. What time had he gone to bed the night
before?
5. How many hours had he spent doing an
important translation at home?
6. Did he do the translation for a personal
client or for a client of the Ministry?
7. When did this client need the translation?
8. Did Pierre know about this translation
when he got home the day before?
9. Did he start doing this translation when
he got home?
10. What translation did he start doing?
11. By what day did he need to finish this
translation?
12. Who did he receive a phone call from?
13. What time did he receive the call?
14. Did the Chairman of Peugeot know Pierre
personally?
15. Why did he know him?
16. Who did the Chairman have a meeting with?
17. Where is Volvo located?
18. When was the meeting originally scheduled?
19. What had happened concerning the
meeting?
20. What did the Chairman urgently need
Pierre to do?
21. What would this mean for Pierre?
22. What did he tell the Chairman of Peugeot?
23. How soon did he receive the documents?
24. How did he receive them?
25. How far had he progressed by 7:00 p.m.?
26. How long was one of the letters?
27. What did his wife do at 9:00 p.m.?
28. How much had he already translated by
that time?
29. What was the problem with the second
half of the contract?
30. What did the second half of the contract
include?
31. What problem did Pierre have with one
sentence?
32. How far had he progressed by 3:00 a.m.?
33. What did he do between 3:00 and 4:00 a.m.?
34. When did he send the translation to
Peugeot?
35. How did he send it to them?
36. How did he feel when he went to bed?
37. What was his only consolation?
38. What was his feeling about the effort he
had made?
Pierre Monet
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 67
François Monet is Pierre’s nephew. He’s 27
years old and works in a large French
chemical company. He a salesman and he
travels to many factories throughout the
European Union. He often travels to Huelva,
a small city not far from Seville, in Spain.
When he goes to Seville, he always rents a
car to drive to Huelva. That’s how he met
Inés García. They met because of a traffic
accident. François thinks he was lucky to
have the accident, because otherwise he
wouldn’t have met Inés. Now he thinks
about her every day and calls her as often as
he can. He’s even invited her to visit Paris.
However, he’s a little afraid of having a more
serious relationship with her because he
doesn’t understand the character of the
people from the south of Spain, especially
from Seville. They seem like fun people who
look for ways to enjoy life. But he still
remembers the opera he saw several years
ago called “Carmen”. In the opera, a young
soldier fell in love with a gypsy girl from
Seville. The poor soldier had all kinds of
problems. Inés wasn’t a gypsy girl, but
sometimes she talked and behaved like the
singer who played the role of Carmen in the
opera. Inés had black hair and dark eyes.
François found her very attractive and very
different from the girls in Paris. The last time
he spoke to her, he invited her to visit Paris.
Since then, he’s called her three times, but
her mobile phone was disconnected each
time. He hopes she’ll call him.
1. How is François Monet related to
Pierre Monet?
2. How old is he?
3. Does he work in a Spanish company?
4. Where does he work?
5. What’s his job in the company?
6. Where does he travel in his job?
7. Where does he go when he travels to
Spain?
8. How does he travel when he’s in Spain?
9. How did he meet Inés García?
10. Why is he glad he had the accident?
11. How often does he think about Inés?
12. How often does he call her?
13. What has he invited her to do?
14. What is his feeling about having a serious
relationship with her?
15. Why is he afraid?
16. What do the people from Seville seem
like to him?
17. What opera did he see several years ago?
18. Who did the French soldier fall in love
with?
19. What happened in his relationship with
her?
20. Is Inés a gypsy?
21. What does François remember about
the singer in the opera “Carmen”?
22. What can you say about Inés’ physical
features?
23. Does François find her attractive or
ugly?
24. What did François think about her as
compared with the girls in Paris?
25. What did François do the last time he
spoke to Inés?
26. How many times has he called her since
then?
27. Why hasn’t he been able to talk to her
again?
28. What does he hope?
François Monet
VaughanS Y S T E M S
SUDOKU INGLÉS 1
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 68
VaughanS Y S T E M S
SUDOKU INGLÉS 2
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 69
VaughanS Y S T E M S
SUDOKU INGLÉS 3
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 70
VaughanS Y S T E M S
SUDOKU INGLÉS 4
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 71
VaughanS Y S T E M S
SUDOKU INGLÉS 5
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 72
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Most Common Irregular Verbs
am, is, are
become
begin
blow
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal with
do
drink
drive
eat
fall
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
get
give
go
grow
have
hear
hold
hurt
keep
know
was, were
became
began
blew
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dealt with
did
drank
drove
ate
fell
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
got
gave
went
grew
had
heard
held
hurt
kept
knew
been
become
begun
blown
broken
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
dealt with
done
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
got/gotten
given
gone
grown
had
heard
held
hurt
kept
known
lead
leave
lend
let
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
quit
read
ring
rise
run
see
sell
send
set
shut
sit
sleep
speak
spend
stand
steal
take
teach
tell
think
throw
understand
wear
win
led
left
lent
let
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
quit
read
rang
rose
ran
saw
sold
sent
set
shut
sat
slept
spoke
spent
stood
stole
took
taught
told
thought
threw
understood
wore
won
led
left
lent
let
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
quit
read
rung
risen
run
seen
sold
sent
set
shut
sat
slept
spoken
spent
stood
stolen
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
understood
worn
won
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 73
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
There are many more important verbs not listed here, but these, barring an oversight, are the most commonly used.
Hard “d” sound
Agreed
Allowed
Answered
Appeared
Arrived
Believed
Belonged
Called
Carried
Changed
Cleaned
Closed
Continued
Copied
Covered
Cried
Died
Earned
Enjoyed
Explained
Followed
Gained
Happened
Joined
Listened to
Lived
Moved
Offered
Owned
Planned
Prepared
Played
Preferred
Pulled
Rained
Raised
Received
Retired
Saved
Seemed
Served
Showed
Smiled
Snowed
Stayed
Studied
Tried
Used
Worried
“t” sound
Asked
Checked
Cooked
Crossed
Danced
Escaped
Finished
Helped
Hoped
Jumped
Laughed
Liked
Looked
Missed
Noticed
Parked
Passed
Picked
Progressed
Promised
Pushed
Reached
Stopped
Talked
Walked
Washed
Watched
Wished
Worked
“id” sound (additional syllable)
Accepted
Acted
Added
Attended
Attracted
Avoided
Contacted
Counted
Created
Decided
Depended on
Divided
Eliminated
Existed
Expanded
Expected
Hated
Included
Insisted
Invented
Invited
Landed
Lifted
Lasted
Needed
Pointed
Printed
Rented
Rested
Shouted
Started
Treated
Waited
Wanted
Wasted
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 74
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
To depend of something
To spend money in something
To pay something
To buy to someone
To work in something
To focus in something
To know to do something
To be related with something
To be committed with something
Near of/from somewhere
Close of/from somewhere
To be based in something
To be responsible of something
To be the guilty (I’m the guilty)
According with someone
I must to study
I can to swim
I will to go
Tell to us
Ask to him
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 75
To depend on something
To spend money on something
To pay for something
To buy from someone
To work on something
To focus on something
To know how to do something
To be related to something
To be committed to something
Near somewhere
Close to somewhere
To be based on something
To be responsible for something
To be one’s fault (It’s my fault)
According to someone
I must study (NEVER to)
I can swim (NEVER to)
I will go (NEVER to)
Tell us (NEVER to)
Ask him (NEVER to)
SPANGLISH ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
The following list outlines some of the most common problems for Spanish speakers caused by direct translation.
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
Call to Mary
I am agreed
Are you agreed?
To explain you
To listen me
To listen it
To propose them
An important problem
The best important
The important is...
To do a purchase
To make a travel
To make a question
To make business
To make research
To take a drink/meal
To arrive to an agreement
To get an objective
To have sense
People is
Persons
We are three
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 76
Call Mary (NEVER to)
I agree
Do you agree?
To explain to you (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen to me (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen to it (ALWAYS to something)
To propose to them (ALWAYS to someone)
A big problem
The most important
The important thing is...
To make a purchase
To make/take a trip
To ask a question
To do business
To do/carry out research
To have a drink/meal
To come to/reach an agreement
To reach/achieve an objective
To make sense
People ARE
People
There are three of us
SPANGLISH ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
Actually (= actualmente)
Illusioned (= ilusionado)
Really (= en realidad)
Impressing
How curious! (= Qué curioso)
In a future
Question (= asunto)
To discuss (= disputar)
May I take lent your pen?
To count a history
To assist to class
To remember someone to do something
The competence (= competencia)
Nothing of nothing
Particular lessons
To learn English is funny
Customer fidelity
A familiar car
Tonight (= anoche)
This night (= esta noche)
All the days
All the day
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 77
Currently/presently
Hopeful/excited
Actually
Impressive
That’s funny/interesting
In the future
Issue/matter
To argue
May I borrow your pen?
To tell a story
To attend class
To remind someone to do something
The competition/competitors
Nothing at all
Private lessons
Learning English is fun
Customer loyalty
A family car
Last night
Tonight
Everyday
All day (long)
SPANGLISH ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
VaughanS Y S T E M S
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
During 4 years
It’s for this reason that...
It’s the same
the same than/that
different that
I have 21 years
10% of discount
10 thousands of people
1 thousand million (= 1,000 million)
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.c PAGE 78
For 4 years
That’s why...
It doesn’t matter
The same as
Different than
I am 21 years old
A 10% discount
10 thousand people
1 billion [U.S.A.]
SPANGLISH ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
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