valve.doc

The ball valve has a spherical plug as a closure member. Seal on ball valves is excellent, the ball contact circumferentially uniform the seat, which is usually made of soft materials.

Ball valves are mostly used in shutoff applications. They are not recommended to be used in a partially open position for a long time under conditions of a high pressure drop across the valve, thus the soft seat could tend to flow through the orifice and block the valve movement.

Depending on the type of body the ball valve can be more or less easily maintained. Drop pressure relative its hole size is low.

The seat material resistance of the ball valve limits the working temperature and pressure of the valve. The seat is plastic or metal made.

They are used in steam, water, oil, gas, air, corrosive fluids, and can also handle slurries and dusty dry fluids. Abrasive and fibrous materials can damage the seats and the ball surface.

These are two different types of ball valves.

Types of ball valve:-Float ball valve: the ball is held on two seat rings.-Trunnion ball valve: the ball is supported on its vertical rotation axis by a trunnion. The trunnion absorbs the pressure from the flow, therefore the contact between the ball and the seat is not excessively stressed and the operating torque can remain low. This design is recommend for big diameters and high pressure.

But the major difference between a full bore valve and a reduced bore valve is this:

For the full bore valve, the bore diameter i.e hole in the ball has the same internal diameter as the pipe, whereas a reduced bore valve has a smaller bore diameter than the internal diameter of the pipework it is on.

Ball valves are designed as float ball in small bore and low pressure systems. However, as the diameter and/or the pressure increases, they are used as trunnion ball valves.

Float ball valves have lower manufacturing costs as compared to trunnion ball valves (TBV). The costly process in the manufacturing of trunnion is the supports on top and bottom of the ball fixing it to the body of the valve. This fixing becomes mandatory especially for high pressure and larger bore systems.

In order to prevent any leakage in TBVs, a seal is placed on the ball which sticks on the surface via the system’s pressure. However, this seal wears out thru time, which causes leakages. Besides, as this seal sticks on the surface with pressure, higher moments are required for opening and closing these valves.

The developed valve is a floating ball valve, with no fixing supports on the ball. The valve is single-direction, and the bearing ring allows the flow of fluid. A small bore bypass valve is used in the opening/closing of the valve, which helps in less pressure to be applied on the ball’s sealed surface. This results in the opening/closing of the valve less moment and much longer seal life.

The valve is “full bore”, which means the inner diameter of the valve’s mechanism identical to that of the pipe. This would allow “pig’s” to pass through for test and cleaning purposes. (This is an application for testing and/or controlling the pipe lines: an object with an outer diameter identical to the inner diameter of the pipe is passed through the line, to see if there are any residues or diameter deflections exist throughout).

The developed valve is suitable for use in the pipe lines and systems with:

- high working pressure,

- high working temperature, and,

- large diameter.

Typical applications could be in:

- pipe lines for carrying petrol,

- pipe lines for carrying gas,

- petrol refineries,

- iron and steel industry,

- power plants (including nuclear PPs),

- chemical industries.

- The technical specifications are superior to typical valves working under particular temperature and pressure. Main Advantages: - Lower costs as compared to valves with similar technical specifications.

- The seal of the valve is much more durable, due to the nature of operations.

- As the valve can be opened/closed with less moment, smaller elements or actuators can be used.

- Being full bore, the valve causes less pressure loss in the line and allows the pigs to be used.

- The design of bearing ring of the ball allows fluid flow.

- A small bore bypass valve is used for the opening/closing of the valve.

- A system enables this bypass valve to be used only during opening/closing.

- The valve is full bore.

- The technical specifications are superior to typical valves working under particular temperature and pressure.

*Full bore ball valves offer minimal pressure drop & are the prime choice where pigging of process lines is a major consideration. 

*Control characteristics of full bore valve is poor compared to reduced bore ball valve. 

*There are four general body styles of ball valves: single body, split body, top entry, and welded.

Types of Body:

-Welded: Welded ball valves guarantee the absence of leakages along all the valve's life, with no requirement for maintenance operations. This is a highly important requisite especially for ball valves installed onto underground and submarine pipelines. It is also often chosen for hazardous fluids.-Top entry: The ball can be taken out removing the top cover. It can be repaired on site.-End entry: The body is one piece. The ball is entered from the axial entry.-Split body: there are two or three pieces. It allows easy inspection and maintenance of all internal parts.

There are four general types of ball valves: full port, standard port, reduced port, and v port.

* A full port ball valve has an over sized ball so that the hole in the ball is the same size as the pipeline resulting in lower friction loss. Flow is unrestricted, but the valve is larger.

*A standard port ball valve is generally less expensive, but has a smaller ball and hence a smaller bore. Flow through this valve is one pipe size smaller than the valves pipe size resulting in slightly greater friction loss than a full port ball valve.

* In reduced port ball valves, flow through the valve is one pipe size smaller than the valve's pipe size resulting in restricted flow.

* A v port ball valve has either a 'v' shaped ball or a 'v' shaped seat. This allows the orifice to be opened and closed in a more controlled manner with a closer to linear flow characteristic. When the valve is in the closed position and opening is commenced the small end of the 'v' is opened first allowing stable flow control during this stage. This type of design requires a generally more robust construction due to higher velocities of the fluids, which would quickly damage a standard valve.

[*A full bore (or full port) valve is one where the hole in the ball is equal in diameter to the hole in the pipe. In other words, if you were to look down a piece of pipe which also contained the valve, you would not notice any constriction at the location of the valve.

*A reduced bore ( also called a standard bore or port) valve is one where the hole through the ball is smaller than the hole in the pipe. In some valves such as the Jamesbury 5000 series, there is a gradual narrowing so that the valve almost looks like a vena contracta.]

A trunnion ball valve has a mechanical means of anchoring the ball at the top and the bottom, this design is usually applied on larger and higher pressure valves(say 4 inch and above 600 psi and above) 

Manually operated ball valves can be closed quickly and thus there is a danger of water hammer. Some ball valves are equipped with an actuator that may be pneumatically or motor (electric) operated. A pneumatic flow control valve is also equipped with a positioner which transforms the control signal into actuator position and valve opening accordingly.

Connection Types

Weld / Clamp Series Male / Liner Series Clamp / Clamp Series

Three-piece Series Flange / Flange Series Weld / Weld Series

Male / Male Series Clamp / Clamp Series Weld / Male Series

FlangesSpec : As Per ASTM A182Dim : ANSI B16.5, DIN standards.Grade : F304, F304L, F304H, F316, F316L, F316H, F321, F321H.Class : 150, 300, 600 lbsSize : 1/2"NB to 24"NB

Range :Welding Neck, Slip-On, Blind, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Screwed, Long Welding Neck, Cover, Swivel, Reducing Flanges.

Spec : As Per ASTM A182Dim : ANSI B16.5, DIN standards.Grade : F304, F304L, F304H, F316, F316L, F316H, F321, F321H.

Class : 150, 300, 600 lbs

Size : 1/2"NB to 24"NB

Range :Welding Neck, Slip-On, Blind, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Screwed, Long Welding Neck, Cover, Swivel, Reducing Flanges.

Spec : As Per ASTM A182Dim : ANSI B16.5.Grade : F5, F11, F 22.Class : 150, 300, 600, 900 & 1500 lbsSize : 1/2"NB to 24"NB

Range :Welding Neck, Slip-On, Blind, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Screwed, Long Welding Neck, Cover, Swivel, Reducing Flanges.

Butterfly Valve

Check ValveNominal Size Range

Class #150,#300,#600,#900,#1500

Flanged Type DesignFlange dims to ANSI B16.5 (MSS-SP44>24")Face to face dims to API 594

Solid Lug Type DesignFlange dims to ANSI B16.5 (MSS-SP44> 24")Face to face dims to API 594

*Threaded lug type also available

Pressure ClassANSI #150 ~ #1500 LB, API 2000 TO 10000 LB.JIS & KS 5K ~ 20K

MaterialBody: Carbon Steel , A106-B, A105, ASTM A516-60, A216-WCB or equivalent. Stainless Steel 304 or 316 (*option upon request)Seat: The seat is designed equal pressure at the plate with the state of stationary hour.The shape of rubber seat could not be changed even in many operation because of having its most hardness satisfaction. The metal to metal seated valve is tested to API 598.Rubber Lined: Fully Rubber Lined Valves to avoid corrosion Inside are available.Disc Plate: The two semicircle plate responsiveness of opening and closing is quick and it is strong against corrosion also has a strong durability.

Spring: The springs have been designed to endure stresses and also ensure operating without failure for much cycles.

A check valve allows fluid to flow through it in only one direction. Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various types of check valves used in a wide variety of applications. Check valves work automatically and most are not controlled by a person or any external control; accordingly, most do not have any valve handle or stem.

Non Return Valve / Non Slam Check ValveNominal Size Range

Class #150 ~ #300 : 8” ~ 120”

Material  Body: Cast Iron, Ductile Iron, Cast Steel, Stainless Steel, Al Bronze, Duplex S.S., etc. Seat  : Rubber (EPDM, Buna-N etc.), Stellite Welding, A240-304, A240-316 etc. Rubber Lining Disc  : Cast Iron, Ductile Iron, Cast Steel, Stainless Steel, Al Bronze, Duplex S.S., etc.

Globe ValveCast Steel

FeaturesBolted BonnetExtended Bonnet for Cryogenic

ServicesImpact Handwheel OptionalGear OptionalSize available :NPS 2 to NPS 36

(DN50 to DN900)

Pressure rating : Class 150 to Class 2500

Design ConstructionBS 1873 Steel Globe and Globe Stop and Check Valves (Flanged and Butt- Welding Ends) for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries Irrigation.ASME B16.10 Face to Face and End to End Dimensions of ValvesBW End: ASME B16.25Test: API 598

OS&Y, Rising Stem,

Forged Steel

FeaturesBolted Bonnet with male-female joint, spiral

woundgasket made in F316L/graphite.

Ring joint gasket are also available on requestWelded bonnet, with a threaded and seal welded

jointRequest a full penetration welded joint is

available.Size available : NPS 1/2 through NPS 4

Pressure rating : Class 150 to Class 2500

Design ConstructionTest to API 602ASME B16.10 Face to Face and End toEnd Dimensions of Valves.BW End: ASME B16.25.ASME B16.34 Valves Flanged, Threaded and Welding Ends.ASME B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded.

OS&Y, Rising Stem,

Gate ValveForged Steel

FeaturesAvailable in two bonnet designs:

i. Bolted Bonnet,with male-female joint, spiral wound gasket, made in F316L/graphite, ring joint gasket (upon request).

ii. Welded bonnet, with a threaded and seal welded joint. Full penetration strength welded (upon request).Pressure seal bonnet, with a threaded and pressure seal bonnet joint.Size available NPS 1/2 to NPS 4 (DN15 to DN100)

Pressure Rating : Class 150 to Class 2500

Design ConstructionFull port or standard port.Outside screw and Yoke (OS&Y)Two piece self aligning packing glandIntegral backseatBS 5352 Specification for Steel Wedge Gate, Globe and Check Valves 50 mm and Smaller for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied Industries

Socket weld ends (NPT) to ANSI/ASME B1.20.1

Cast Steel

FeaturesBolted BonnetFlexible Wedge (2’’ Solid)Extended Bonnet for Cryogenic

ServicesBy Pass on RequestSize available NPS 2 to NPS 36

(DN50 to DN900)

Pressure Rating : Class 150 to Class 2500

Design ConstructionDesign: ASME B16.34/API600OS & Y, Rising StemFace to Face: ASME B16.10End to End: ASME B16.10Special: NACE MR-01-75BS 1414 Specification for Steel Wedge Gate Valves (Flanged and Butt-welding Ends) for 

the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Allied IndustriesAPI 600 Bolted Bonnet Steel Gate Valve for Petroleum

and Natural Gas Industries

Trunnion Mounted / FloatingMore Sharing Services Share on print Share on email Share on twitter Share on facebook

Features (Trunnion Mounted)Two and three piece body design.Raised face flanged, RTJ flanged, butt weld and weld x flange ends are

available.Size range -Full port: 2"- 32", Reduced port: 2"- 36"

Pressure rating : #150, #300, 2"- 32",reduced port to 36", #600, #900, 2"- 24", reduced port to 28, #1500, 2"- 16", reduced port to 20" Flood Control

Design ConstructionAnti static designPressure self-reliefBlock and bleedFire safe design

Full bore sizes from 1" to 30" (25mm to 750mm), Reduced bore sizes from 3" to 36" (80mm to 900mm)

Features (Floating)One and two piece body 

design.Raised face flanged endsSize range - Full and reduced port: ½" - 10"

Pressure rating : #150, #300, ½"- 10, #600, ½"- 4",# 900 / #1500, ½"- 2"

Design ConstructionBlow-out proof stem and primary stem sealLocking deviceFull bore sizes from ½" to 10" (15mm to 250mm)

Reduced bore sizes from 4" to 10" (150mm to 250mm))

Fully Welded

Design ConstructionOperator lever Gear/Electric ActuatorPre-loaded seat springs ensure leak-tight at low pressure and reduce valve operational torqueAnti blow out stem,double O -rings ,stem dry bearing,metal with PTFE.Split body construction with socket weld end & screwed end,mirror polished stainlesssteel ball tested spherical roundness,PTFE(Teflon) seats.Working temperature : -46ºC (-51ºF) ~ 200 ºC (392ºF)Service : Gas (LNG/LPG), Oil, Hot water, Steam, Petrochemical, Steel Plant, etc.

FeaturesBody : Carbon Steel ST37, A106-B, STPG 370, A105, ASTM A516-60, A216-WCB or equivalent, Stainless Steel 304 or 316 (*option upon request)Ball: Stainless Steel 304 or 316 gradeSize available : DN15 (1/2”) ~ DN 50 (2”) | Full Bore/Reduce Bore

Pressure Rating: : ANSI Class #150 ~ #300 / PN16 ~ 50 / 10K ~ 20K

Design ConstructionWorking temperature : -29ºC (-20ºF) ~ 200 ºC (392ºF)Operator : Lever/Gear/Electric Actuator/Pneumatic ActuatorService : Gas (LNG/LPG), Oil, Hot water, Steam, Petrochemical, Steel Plant, etc.

FeaturesBody: Carbon Steel ST37, A106-B, STPG 370, A105, ASTM A516-60, A216-WCB or equivalent, Stainless Steel 304 or 316 (*option upon request)Ball: Stainless Steel 304 or 316 gradeSize available : DN15 (1/2”) ~ DN 1400 (56”) | Full Bore/Reduce Bore

Pressure Rating: : ANSI Class #150 ~ #300 / PN16 ~ 50