-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Value of Monitoring our Home Planet (from Air and Space) Orhan ALTAN
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Value of Monitoring our Home Planet (from Air and Space)
Orhan ALTAN
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What is Changing in the World?
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What is Changing in the World?
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What is Changing in the World?
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What is Changing?
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What is Changing? CRED report
The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)was established in Brussels in 1973 at the Catholic University of Louvain (UCL) .In 1980, CRED became a World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre as part ofWHO’s Global Program for Emergency Preparedness and Response. Since then, CRED has increased its international network substantially and collaborates closely with numerous UNagencies, inter-governmental and governmental institutions, non–governmental organizations, research institutes and universities.
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Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) Report 2009
What is Changing? CRED report
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World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP)
• Established in 2000,• Considered as the flagship programme of
UN-Water,• Works in close cooperation with 25 UN
Agencies,• Input is provided by governments,
prominent NGOs, research institutes, universities etc.
• Hosted by UNESCO.
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WWAP is considered as the reporting mechanism of the UN system on the status of global freshwater resources
• Landmarks:• WWDR1 launched in 2003• WWDR2 launched in 2006• WWDR3 to be launched in Istanbul in
2009.
World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP)
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• Increasing World Population
World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP)
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• Expansion of Urban Settlements• 20th century: Urban population increased over tenfold,• Today half of the World’s population lives in urban centers.
0 10 20 30 40 50
% of the world's urban population
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America and the Caribbean
Northern America
Oceania
20001950
World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP)
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• Unsustainable Consumption Patterns“20% of the world’s population consumes 80% of its resources. If everyone consumed at this level, it would take four extra planets to provide the necessary resources. Global marketing of this consumer lifestyle is headed for natural disaster.” The Ecological Footprint
World Water Assessment Programme
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What is Changing?
Dr R K Pachauri: IPCC REPORT
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What is Changing?
Dr R K Pachauri: IPCC REPORT
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What is Changing?
Dr R K Pachauri: IPCC REPORT
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GLOBAL CHALLENGES
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GLOBAL CHALLENGES
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Forces acting on the Earth
system
Earth system
responsesIMPACTS
FeedbacksOf the total forcing of the climate system, 40% is due to the direct
effect of greenhouse gases and aerosols, and 60% is from feedback effects such as increasing concentrations of water vapor as
temperature rises.
Planet Earth is a Dynamic System
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Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (1)
Measuring and monitoring continental driftand plate tectonics, and understanding theirimpact on natural hazards, earthquakes andvolcanoes
© Ghassam Asrar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Measuring and monitoring continental driftand plate tectonics, and understanding theirimpact on natural hazards, earthquakes andvolcanoesCapturing and documenting dynamics ofEarth's ozone layer and understanding theeffects of its depletion on exposure to UVradiation at the Earth‘s surface
Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (1)
© Ghassam Asrar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Measuring and monitoring continental driftand plate tectonics, and understanding theirimpact on natural hazards, earthquakes andvolcanoesCapturing and documenting dynamics ofEarth's Ozone layer and understanding theeffects of its depletion on exposure to UVradiation at the Earth s surfaceCapturing and documenting global oceancirculation and its role in Earth‘s weather and climate
Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (1)
© Ghassam Asrar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Measuring and monitoring continental driftand plate tectonics, and understanding theirimpact on natural hazards, earthquakes andvolcanoesCapturing and documenting dynamics ofEarth's Ozone layer and understanding theeffects of its depletion on exposure to UVradiation at the Earth s surfaceCapturing and documenting global oceancirculation and its role in Earth‘s weather andclimateDocumenting land cover change at globaland regional scales in response to naturaland human influences
Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (1)
© Ghassam Asrar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Measuring and monitoring continental driftand plate tectonics, and understanding theirimpact on natural hazards, earthquakes andvolcanoesCapturing and documenting dynamics ofEarth's Ozone layer and understanding theeffects of its depletion on exposure to UVradiation at the Earth s surfaceCapturing and documenting global oceancirculation and its role in Earth‘s weather andclimateDocumenting land cover change at globaland regional scales in response to naturaland human influencesCapturing the seasonal dynamics of landvegetation and ocean phytoplankton, andtheir capacity to cycle carbon through theEarth system and in food and fiberproduction
Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (1)
© Ghassam Asrar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Measuring and monitoring continental driftand plate tectonics, and understanding theirimpact on natural hazards, earthquakes andvolcanoesCapturing and documenting dynamics ofEarth's Ozone layer and understanding theeffects of its depletion on exposure to UVradiation at the Earth s surfaceCapturing and documenting global oceancirculation and its role in Earth‘s weather andclimateDocumenting land cover change at globaland regional scales in response to naturaland human influencesCapturing the seasonal dynamics of landvegetation and ocean phytoplankton, andtheir capacity to cycle carbon through theEarth system and in food and fiber productionMapping the 3-D structure of storms andhurricanes and their impacts on human safety,property, and infrastructure
Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (1)
© Ghassam Asrar
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Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (2)
Mapping Greenland and Antarctic icesheets in 3-D with unprecedented accuracyto understand their role in Earth’s weather,climate and sea level change
© Ghassam Asrar
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Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (2)
Mapping Greenland and Antarctic icesheets in 3-D with unprecedented accuracyto understand their role in Earth’s weather,climate and sea level changeMeasuring the Earth’s radiation budget andits variations with unprecedented accuracyto assess its impacts on Earth’s climate andweather
© Ghassam Asrar
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Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (2)
Mapping Greenland and Antarctic icesheets in 3-D with unprecedented accuracyto understand their role in Earth’s weather,climate and sea level changeMeasuring the Earth’s radiation budget andits variations with unprecedented accuracyto assess its impacts on Earth’s climate andweatherMeasuring Earth’s gravity field and itsvariations over time with unprecedentedaccuracy to assess its role in oceancirculation and Earth’s climate
© Ghassam Asrar
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Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (2)
Mapping Greenland and Antarctic icesheets in 3-D with unprecedented accuracyto understand their role in Earth’s weather,climate and sea level changeMeasuring the Earth’s radiation budget andits variations with unprecedented accuracyto assess its impacts on Earth’s climate andweatherMeasuring Earth’s gravity field and itsvariations over time with unprecedentedaccuracy to assess its role in oceancirculation and Earth s climateMeasuring the distribution of aerosols andclouds and assessing their roles in Earth’sclimate and energy budget
© Ghassam Asrar
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Taking the Pulse of Our Home Planet:From Process to Prediction (2)
Mapping Greenland and Antarctic icesheets in 3-D with unprecedented accuracyto understand their role in Earth’s weather,climate and sea level changeMeasuring the Earth’s radiation budget andits variations with unprecedented accuracyto assess its impacts on Earth’s climate andweatherMeasuring Earth’s gravity field and itsvariations over time with unprecedentedaccuracy to assess its role in oceancirculation and Earth’s climateMeasuring the distribution of aerosols andclouds and assessing their roles in Earth’sclimate and energy budgetMapping the Earth’s surface in 3D withunprecedented accuracy and resolution andusing this knowledge to improveunderstanding of floods, landslides,earthquakes and volcanoes
© Ghassam Asrar
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Istanbul (City Development)
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1945-2000
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Increase of population and surface and by residential classes
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Mio
.In
habita
nts
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Siz
e in
ha
inhabitants
residential surface
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Increase in business area
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Loss of agricultural land
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Exchange Agriculture to urban fabric
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0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1945 1968 1988 2000
Residential Europe
Business EuropeAgriculture Europe
Natural Green EuropeForest Europe
Which side grew more and which lost more
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1945 1968 1988 2000
Residential Asia
Business AsiaAgriculture Asia
Natural Green AsiaForest Asia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit
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GEO, the Group on Earth Observations
Intergovernmental Organization with 74 Members and 51 Participating Organizations
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ISPRS Congress Beijing; July 2008
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Future
• “Environmental Monitoring”, • “Climate Change”,• “Global Warming”.
ISPRS Beijing Congress, Closing Ceremony
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Priorities
• “Environmental Monitoring and Sustainable Development”,
• “Sustainable Indicators”,• “Disaster and Risk Management”,• “Food Security”,
and through • Helping to reach the “Millennium Development
Goals”
“Powering a Sustainable Future: Contribute to Policies and Measures to make it happen”
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Summary of Observations
Following topics will be important for the next years• Human Settlement• Disasters• Water• Ecosystems• Health• Climate and Weather• Land and Forest• Energy
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Bejing Declaration
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The role of Societies
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www.isprs.org
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Major ISPRS EventXXIInd Congress of the International
Society for Photogrammetry andRemote Sensing (ISPRS) 2012
Melbourne, Australia
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• How is the global Earth system changing?
• What are the primary forcings of the Earth system?
• How does the Earth system respond to natural and human-induced changes?
• What are the consequences of changes in the Earth system for human civilization?
• How well can we predict future changes in the Earth system?
How is the Earth changing and what are the consequences of life on Earth?
Overarching Science Questions
SOLUTION; WE OBSERVE THE EARTH FROM SPACE and AIR
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Future (?)
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