1 Draft 13Mar 2011 Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis WHO Position Paper In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO is issuing a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and vaccine combinations against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on the respective diseases and vaccines and conclude with the current WHO position concerning their use in the global context. The papers have been reviewed by a number of experts within and outside WHO and since 2006 they are reviewed and endorsed by WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Vaccines and Immunization. The position papers are designed for use mainly by national public health officials and immunization programme managers. However, they may also be of interest to international funding agencies, the vaccine manufacturing industry, the medical community, the scientific media, and the public. This is the first WHO position paper on vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis. Footnotes 1 provide a limited number of core references; their respective abstracts as well as a more comprehensive list of references are found at http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html . Grading tables assessing the quality of scientific evidence for a few key conclusions are also available at this link and are referenced in the position paper. Background Epidemiology Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important cause of viral infections of the central nervous system in eastern, central, and northern European countries and in Russia. The endemic areas of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cover the southern part of the non-tropical Eurasian forest belt extending from north-eastern France to the Japanese Hokkaido Island (Suss J 2008; Suss J et al 2010). Approximately 10,000-12,000 clinical cases of TBE are reported each year, but this figure is believed to significantly underestimate the actual total number. Even in the most affected areas, TBE is usually limited to certain sylvan foci. Some countries, such as Germany, are defining at risk-areas at district level based on the reported number of clinical cases. Currently, the highest incidences of clinical TBE are reported from the Baltic states, Slovenia, and from Russia. For example, in 2009, national incidences per 100 000 inhabitants were 1 References will be provided as footnotes in the final version
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Draft 13Mar 2011
Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis
WHO Position Paper
In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy
matters, WHO is issuing a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and vaccine
combinations against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers
are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes;
they summarize essential background information on the respective diseases and vaccines and
conclude with the current WHO position concerning their use in the global context. The
papers have been reviewed by a number of experts within and outside WHO and since 2006
they are reviewed and endorsed by WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on
Vaccines and Immunization. The position papers are designed for use mainly by national
public health officials and immunization programme managers. However, they may also be of
interest to international funding agencies, the vaccine manufacturing industry, the medical
community, the scientific media, and the public.
This is the first WHO position paper on vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis. Footnotes1
provide a limited number of core references; their respective abstracts as well as a more
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