Vaccination for Contagious Diseases

Vaccination for Contagious DiseasesPreventing Disease Transmission During Vaccination

Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)

• Any mass vaccination program has the potential to spread diseases

• Follow appropriate biosecurity measures– Equipment, clothing,

hands, vehicles, or personnel

USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention

Preventing Transmission

FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination of Contagious Disease- Prevention

• Pathogenic agents and disease can be spread by one of five main methods:– Oral– Aerosol– Direct contact– Fomites – Vectors

USDA APHIS and CFSPH

Disease Transmission


• Personnel– Keep fingernails trimmed and clean– Pull back hair or cover hair– Do not wear jewelry–Wash hands or

change gloves between animals


Risk Management


• Personnel continued -–Wear outer protective

clothing and change as appropriate

– Clean boots before and after entering


Risk Management


• Personnel continued -– Separate contaminated

clothing– Do not wear protective

clothing home– Shower in and out of

large production units when possible


Risk Management


• General– Use disposable equipment – Use new, sterile needles– Contain refuse on site– Use smallest vaccine

vial possible– Clean and disinfect

multi-dose syringes


Risk Management


• General– Decontaminate reusable equipment • Submerging in disinfectant• Wiping the surface with disinfectant

– Do not expose the vaccine in the syringe or needle to disinfectant

– Follow farm decon procedures• Vehicles, equipment, PPE


Risk Management


Vaccination Strategies During An Outbreak



• Various vaccination strategies may be employed based on the following factors:– Scope of the outbreak– Population at risk– Chosen objectives– Geographic considerations– Nature of disease and vaccine efficacy– Trade restrictions– Resource availability


Vaccination Strategies


• Suppressive vaccination– Decrease probability of infection– Reduce shedding from infected animals

• Targeted vaccination– Specific populations or areas– Ring and Barrier Strategies


Vaccination Strategies


• Vaccination may be inappropriate– Trade issues– Vaccinated animals cannot be

distinguished from naturally infected animals• If DIVA vaccines are not availableDIVA = Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals OR Detection of Infection in Vaccinated Animals


No Vaccination


• Proper vaccine handling and storage, correct administration protocols, appropriate animal handling methods and applicable biosecurity procedures are crucial to success


Conclusion

• FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2011)– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_h

ealth/emergency_management/

• Vaccination for Contagious Diseases web-base training module– http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/

USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases: Overview

For More Information

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/

http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/

http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/

Authors (CFSPH)• Jim Roth, DVM, PhD, DACVM• Amber Stumbaugh, MS• Anna Rovid-Spickler, DVM, PhD• Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH,

PhD, DACVPMReviewers (USDA) • Patricia Foley, DVM, PhD• R. Alex Thompson, DVM, PhD

USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases: Overview

Guidelines Content

AcknowledgmentsDevelopment of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services

PPT Author: Patricia Futoma, Veterinary Student, Iowa State UniversityReviewers: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH; Janice Mogan, DVM

Vaccination for Contagious Diseases

Documents

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vaccination activities

vaccination efforts

specific disease

mass vaccination program

animal population

cfsphfad prepnahems

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