V SITY Cl CULARS - Johns Hopkins University

[This Number is especiallydevoted to the Programmes for the Next Academic Year and to Statementsof the Work of the Past Year].

V SITY Cl CULARSPub/is/iedwit/i t/ie approbationoft/ze Board ofTrustees

VOL. IL—No. 24.1 BALTIMORE, JUNE, 1883. [PRIcE 10 CENTS.

CALENDAR, 1883-84.

Tuesday, September18. Next Term Begins.Tuesday, September18—22. Examinations for Matricirlation.Tuesday,September 25. Instructions Resumed.Friday, June 7. Next Term Closes.

CONTENTS.

General Programme for 1883-84SpecialLectureson EducationalTopics,

Mathematics:Programmefor 1883—S4~

Lectures,etc.UndergraduateCoursesMathematicalSociety,

Workof thePast Year;CoursesGivenPapersReadbeforetheMathematicalSociety,AmericanJournalof liathematics,

Physics:Programmefor 1888—84;

Minor CourseAdvancedCoursesLaboratoryWork

Workof thePast Year;LaboratoryWorkLectures,etc.

Chemistry:Programmefor 1883—84

ChemicalLaboratory,AdvancedWork,Major andMinor CoursesAppliedChemistry

~Mineralogy and Geolo0y

Workof thePastYear;ChemicalLaboratory,AdvancedWork,UndergraduateCoursesAmericanChemicalJournal

Biology:Programmefor 1883—84; .

CollegiateInstructionUniversity InstructionandOpportunities,Naturalists’ Field Club

Workof thePastYear; .

LaboratoryWorkAdvancedInstruction, .

ClassInstruction,Marine LaboratoryPublications

PACE

118—120120

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122122122122122122123

123123128123123124124124124124124

125125126126126126127127127127

Ancient and Modern Languages: (Programmesfor 1888—84).Greek:

GreekSeminaryAdvanced~andGraduateCoursesNew TestamentGreekUndergraduateCourses,

Latin:Latin SeminaryAdvancedandGraduateCoursesUndergraduateCourses,

Shemitic LanguagesSanskrit andComparativePhilology, .

GermanEnglish, including Anglo-Saxon,RomanceLanguagesAncient andModern Languages: (Workof thePastYear).Greek,Latin,Sanskrit andComparativePhilology, .

GermanAnglo-Saxon andEnglishRomanceLanguagesPhilological AssociationAmericanJournalof Philology,

History andPolitical Science:Programmefor 1883—84;

AdvancedandUndergraduateCoursesLibrary FacilitiesPublications

Work of thePast Year;SeminaryHistorical and Political ScienceAssociation,Publications,Library of Historical andPolitical Science,Advancedand UndergraduateCourses

Philosophy: (Programmesfor 1883—84).History of Philosophy andEthicsPsychology,etc., . . .

LogicLogic, Ethics, andPsychology(UndergraduateCourses),

PACE

128128128128

128129129129129129130130

131131132132132132133133

133133134134134134134134135135

136136136136

118 JOHNSHOPKINS [No. 24.

PROGRAMMES FOR 1883-84.

The following coursesin literature and scienceare offered for the academicyear which begins September18, 1883,and continues(with brief recessesat the holidaysand in the spring) until June7, 1884. Tihey are open to all properlyqualified young men accordingto conditions varying somewhatin each departmentand fully explained iu other Circu-

lars. Detailed statementsas to the various subjectsare given in the programmesof the departmentsof instruction on

subsequentpages. A special Circular relating to College Courseshas been issued.

The Annual Register giving detailed statementsas to the regulationsand work of the University will be sent onapplication.

B. L. GILDERSLEEVE, Professorof Greele.(a) will direct the Greek Seminary. Twice weekly through

theyear.(b) will conducta course of Practical Exercisesin Greek.

Twice weeklyfrom October to January.(C) will interpretselecttracts of Lucian. Weeklyafter the

first of January.(d) will give acourseoflectureson the SyntaxoftheGreekCases.

PAUL HAUPT, Professorof theShemiticLanguages.will give the following courses:(a) Hebrewfor beginners. Twice weeklythrough theyear.(b) Arabic for beginners, or Ethiopic. Twice weekly

through the year.(c) Assyrianfor beginners. Twice weeklythrough theyear.(d) Sumero-Akkadian. Twice weeklythrough the year.

I-I. N. MARTIN, Professorof Biology.

(a) will direct the LaboratoryWork in Biology. Dailythrough the year.

(b) will lectureon Animal Physiology andHistology. Threetimes weekly until February, and afterwards five timesweeklytill the closeof theyear.

C. D. MORRIS, CollegiateProfessorof Greekand Latin.

will form classesin:(a) Thucydides (first half-year). Aristophanes; Sophocles

(secondhalf-year). Four timesweekly.(b) Lucretius; Plautus(first half-year). Tacitus (secondhalf-

year.) Four timesweekly.(c) GreekProseComposition. Weeklythrough theyear.(d) ReadingLatin at Sight. Weeklythrough theyear.(e) Latin ProseComposition. Weekl~~through theyear.(f) will read,with a class of undergraduates,the Homeric

poems in Greek.

IRA REMSEN, Professorof Chemistry.

(a) will direct the LaboratoryWork in Chemistry. Dailythrough theyear.

(b) will directthe coursesof lecturesto advancedstudents.(c) will lecture on General Chemistry (Non-Metals). Four

timesweekly,first halfyear.(d) will lecture on the Compoundsof Carbon. Four times

weekly,secondhalf-year.(e) will conduct a course on the Philosophy of Chemistry.

TJ~eekiythroughtheyear.

H. A. ROWLAND, Professorof Physics.(a) will lecture on Thermodynamics,Heat Conduction, and

PhysicalOptics. Four timesweeklythrough theyear.(b) will direct a courseof advancedwork in the Physical

Laboratory. Daily throughthe year.(c) will conductmeetingsfor the discussionof current physi-

cal literature. Weeklythrough theyear.

J. J. SYLVESTER, Professorof ililiathematics.

(a) will lectureon Elliptic Functions. Twiceweeklythroughtheyear.

(b) will lectureon Universal Multiple Algebra andPartitions.Weeklythrough theyear.

(c) will direct the MathematicalSeminary,meeting monthlythrough theyear.

H. B. ADAMS, AssociateProfessorof History.

(a) will direct theSeminaryof Historical andPolitical Science.Weeklythroughtheyear.

(b) will give coursesin the Sourcesof American ColonialHistory (first half-year), and in the Sources of AmericanConstitutionalHistory (secondhalf-year). Weekly.

(c) will give twelve lectureson the Origin of Civilization, inthe IntroductoryHistorical Course.

(d) will lecture on Early Church History, MedinevalEmpire,the Italian Renaissance,and the German Reformation.Twice weeklythroughtheyear.

(e) will lecture in the first half.year on International Law,and, in the second half-year, on Europeanand AmericanConstitutions. Three timesweekly.

M. BLOOMFIELD, AssociateProfessorof Sanskrit.

will give courses,during the first half-year,in : —

(a) ElementarySanskrit. Twice weekly.(b) AdvancedSanskrit. Twice weekly.(c) Introductioninto the Vedic Language. Twice weekly.(d) Introductioninto Pilli or Zend. Weekly.(e) Introduction into the Elements of General Comparative

Grammar.

W. K. BROOKS, AssociateProfessorof Morphology.

(a) will direct, during the summermonths, the work of theChesapeakeZo6logicalLaboratory,locatedfor the seasonof1883 at Hampton,Va.

(b) will lectureon Animal Morphology or ComparativeAnat-omy. Threetimesweekly,fromDecemberto May.

JUNE, 1883.1 UNIVERSITY CIBCULAIiS.

HIRAM CORSON, Lecturer on English Literature.will give a courseof twentypublic lectures on English Litera-

ture. Threelecturesweeklyfrom January21 to ]Jliarch 7.

T. CRAIG, AssociateProfessorof Applied Mathematics.will give coursesin —

(a) SphericalHarmonics,including Bessel’sandLam~’s Func-tions. Threetimesweekly,first halfyear.

(b) Calculusof Variations. Twice weekly,first half year.(c) Mathematical Theory of Sound. Three times weekly,

first half-year.(d) Partial Differential Equations. Three times weekly,

secondhalf-year.(e) Curvature and Orthogonal Surfaces. Twice weekly,

secondhalfyear.(f) Elasticity. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

G. STANLEY HALL, Lectureron Psychology.

(during thesecondhalf-year).(a) will lecture on PhysiologicalPsychology. Twiceweekly.(b) will lectureon PsychologicalTheoriesand Ethics. Twice

weekly.(c) will conduct a class in the Principles of Pedagogics.

Weekly.(d) will give five public lectureson educationaltopicsin March—

April, 1884.(e) will directthework of studentsengagedin specialobserva-

tion andresearchin thefield of psychicalphenomena. Daily.

J. RENDEL HARRIS, Lecturer on New TestamentGreek.

will lecture twice weekly through the year on New Testa-ment Greek. Special subjects— Textual Criticism ; TheCatholicEpistles; The Shepherdof Hermas.

C. S. HASTINGS, AssociateProfessorof Physics.(a) will conducttheminor coursein Physics,including experi-

mentallectures,recitations,etc. Daily throughtheyear.(b) will give six lectureson theTheoryof Errors.(c) will give six or eight lectures on the Theory of Optical

Instruments.(d) will lectureon theapplicationof Mathematics to selected

problemsin Physics. Weekly.(e) will direct the work in the laboratory of the minor and.

major coursestudents.

G. S. MORRIS, Lectureron theHistory of Philosophy.(during the first half.year).

(a) will lectureon theHistory of GermanPhilosophy(Kant toilegel). Threetimes weekly.

(b) will directaPhilosophicalSeminaryin thestudyof Spinoza’sEthics. Twiceweekly.

(c) will conductacoursein Ethicsfor undergraduates.(d) will give four public lectures on the Ethics of Social

Relations.

H~ N. MORSE, AssociateProfessorof Chemistry.

(a) will assistin directing theLaboratorywork of the under-graduatestudentsin C hemistry.

(b) will lectureonAnalytical Chemistry. Threetimesweekly.first half-year.

(c) will lectureon GeneralChemistry(Metals). Daily, secondhalf-year.

C. S. PEIRCE, Lecturer on Logic.

(a) will give forty lecturesto graduateandspecialstudentsonGeneralLogic.

(b) will give specialcoursesor private lessonsupon anybranchof Logic, in which graduateor special studentsmay desireinstruction.

1. RABILLON, Lectureron French Literature.

will meet a class,weekly, for the purposeof readingand in-terpretingFrenchclassicalwriters, and will give specialin-struction in Frenchconversationandcomposition.

W. E. STORY, AssociateProfessorof Mathematics.

will give coursesin: —

(a) AdvancedAnalytic Geometry and Non-EuclideanGeom-etry. Threetimesweeklythrough theyear.

(b) Mathematical Astronomy. Three times weekly throughtheyear.

(c) Higher PlaneCurves. Twiceweeklythroughtheyear.(d) Conies. Twiceweeklythroughtheyear.

M. WARREN, AssociateProfessorof Latin.

(a) will direct the Latin Seminary. Twice weeklythroughtheyear.

(b) will give during the first half-yeara courseof lecturesonLatin Palmography.

(c) will lecture during the second half-year on Latin Epi-graphyand will conducta seriesof weekly exercisesin theinterpretationof Latin Inscriptions.

will form classesfor undergraduatesin:

(d) SelectLettersof CiceroandPliny; AulusGellius. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.

(e) Juvenal, Select Satires; Horace, SelectSatires. Fourtimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

(f) Latin ProseComposition. Weeklythrough theyear.(g) ReadingLatin at sight. Once in two weeksthrough the

year.

W. HAND BROWNE, Examinerin English.

(a) will receiveandcorrectsuchessaysasmaybe submittedtohim by any member of the graduate or undergraduatecourses.

(b) will read with a class of undergraduatesselections fromEnglish literature with critical and historical comments.Twiceweeklythroughtheyear.

(c) will readwith a classShakespeare’sHamlet,and Selectionsfrom English Prosesince Bacon. Twice weekly throughtheyear.

A. M. ELLIOTT, Associatein theRomanceLanguages.(a) will give advanceAcoursesin theRomanceLanguages(in-

eludingAnglo-NormanFrench,Proven9al,RomanceDialects,ComparativeGrammarof theRomanceLanguages,LadinianIdioms, and Wallachian). Daily through theyear.

(b) will lectureon French Philology and FrenchliteratureoftheMiddle Ages. Forty lectures.

R. T. ELY. Associatein Political Economy.

(a) will conduct the advancedcoursein Political Economy.Threetimesweeklythrough theyear.

(b) will give ten lecturesupon American Taxation, with es-pecialreferenceto Cities andStates.

119

JOHNS HOPKINS

(c) will give four lectureson English Socialism.(d) will give coursesin the Elementsof Political Economy,

and the Historical Systemsof Political Economy. Dailythrough the year.

F. FRANKLIN, Associatein Mathematics.

will give coursesin —

(a) Differential and Integral Calculus. Three times weeklythrough theyear.

(b) Total Differential Equations. Twice weeklythrough theyear.

(c) Determinants and Theory of Equations. Three limesweekly,first half-year.

(d) Solid Analytic Geometry. Three times weekly,secondhalf year.

(e) Dynamicsof a Particle. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

J. F. JAMESON, Associatein History.(a) will give aseriesof lessonson Historical Geography,based

on thestudy of thephysicalfeaturesof distinct regions.(b) will teach French and English History. Three times

weeklythrough theyear.(c) will teacha classin the History of the English Constitu-

tion. Weeklythrough theyear.(d) will teacha class in the History of Greeceand Rome.

Twice weeklythrough theyear.

0. F. RADDATZ, Examiner in German.

W. T. SEDGWICK, Associatein Biology.

will conductcoursesin(a) GeneralBiology. Threetimesweekly,Octoberto April.(b) Embryology of theChick. Four timesweekly,April and

May.(c) PlantAnalysis. Twice weekly,April and May.

G. H. WILLIAMS, Associatein Mineralogy.

(a) will lecture on GeneralMineralogy. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.

(b) will lecture on General Geology. Three times weekly.secondhalfyear.

(c) will direct the practical work in Mineralogy and Pet-rography.

H. WOOD, Associatein English.

(a) will conduct coursesin Anglo-Saxon, Early English, andChaucer. Daily, t rough theyear.

(b) will conductaseriesof Grammaticaland RhetoricalExer-cisesin English. Through theyear.

(c) will lectureon theelementsof English Phoneticsand Lan-guageBuilding. Weekly,first half-year.

R. D. COALE, Assistantin Chemistry.

will assistin directingthework of thebeginnersin theChemi-cal Laboratory.

H. W. CONN, Assistantin Biology.

will teachthe classesin Osteology,Human and Comparative,andin MammalianAnatomy.

H. H. DONALDSON, Demonstratorof Physiology.

will direct the practical work of the undergraduateclassesinPhysiologyandHistology.

E. M. HARTWELL, Instructor in Physical Culture.

will direct theinstructionin Physical Culture.

0. LUGGER, Assistantin Biology.

will havechargeof theMuseumof theBiological Laboratory.

H. NEWELL, Instructor in Drawing.

will give instruction in free hand and mechanical drawing,after 1 o’clock p. in., daily throughtheyear.

E. H. SPIEKER,Assistantin Greekand Latin.

will teachundergraduateclassesin GreekandLatin.

C. L. WOODWORTH, Instructor in Elocution.

will give instruction in Vocal Culture, daily throughtheyear.

SPECIAL LECTURES ON

PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT.

I. For Advancedand GraduateStudents—Acourseof lec-tureswill be given to membersof theUniversity on topicsrelat-ing to instructionin thehigherinstitutions of learning. Theywillbe informal lectures,connectedonly by the generalpurposeofhelpingadvancedstudentswho arelooking forward, more or lessdefinitely, to the work of teachers,to becomefamiliar with theprinciples and methodsfollowed hy other persons,and with theresultswhichhavebeenobtainedin different typesof educationalestablishments.

1. The PresentStateof University and CollegiateInstructionin thiscountry, by D. C. GILMAN.

2. RecentObservationson EducationalFoundationsin Europe,by 1).C. GILMAN.

3. Natural and EthnicHistory of Arithmetic, by J. J. SYLVESTER.4. TheEducationalValue of Grammar,by B. L. GILDERSLEEYE.

5. The FutureSphereof ClassicalPhilology, by B. L. GILDERSLEEYE.6. EducationalValue of theStudyof Chemistry,by IRA. REMSEN.7. What to Teachin Biology, by H. NEWELL MARTIN.

8. OneLectureby H. A. ROwLAND.9. The ObservationalElementin Mathematics,by C. S. PEIRcE.

10. The apriori Elementin Physics,by C. S. PEIRcE.11. Thenaive in Education,by H. Woon.

EDUCATIONAL TOPICS.

12. ModernMethodsin theStudy of History, by H. B. ADAMS.13. MethodsofComparativePhilologyaspursuedto-day,by MI. BLOoM-

FIELD.14. TheNew Impetusgiven to the Study of Latinby theapplication

of the Historical Method and by the study of Inscriptions,hyMINToN WARREN.

15. Hygienein CollegiateTraining, by E. M. HARTWELL.

16. RhythmandEducation,by G. STANLEY HALL.17. The EducationalValue of Specializationand Original Work, by

G. STANLEY HALL.15. On theUsesof Librariesin Education,by D. C. GILMAN.

II. For Matriculated Students.—Acoursespeciallydesignedfor collegestudentswill alsobe given.

1. On the Choiceof a Profession,by D. C. GILMAN.2. On the Light which Biography throws on CollegeLife, by D. C.

GILMAN.3. On Readingasan Auxiliary to Study, by W. HAND BROWNE.4. On theRight Use of Translations,by C. D. MORRIs.5. On Historical Fiction, by H. B. ADAMS.6. On the English Universities,by J. IIENDEL HARRIS.7. On Recreation,by E. M. HA TWELL.S. On Mental Hygiene,by G. STANLEY HALL.9. On ScienceWork, by IRA REMSEN.

120 [No. 24.

JUNE, 1883.] UNIVERSITYCIRCULAPS.

MATHEMATICS.

PROGRAMME FOR 1883-4.

LECTURES, ETC.FIRST HALF-YEAR.

PROFESSORSYLVESTER:Elliptic Functions.

Twice wee/dy.UniversalMultiple Algebra.

Onceweekly.DR. STORY:

AdvancedAnalytic Geometry.Threelimes weekly.

MathematicalAstronomy.Three limesweekly.

Higher PlaneCurves.Twiceweekly.

C onics.Twiceweekly.

DR. CRAIG:Spherical Harmonics(including Bessel’sand LamPs

Functions).Threelimesweekly.

Calculusof Variations.Twiceweekly.

MathematicalTheoryof Sound.Three limesweekly.

DR. FRANKLIN:Differentialand IntegralCalculus.

Threelimesweekly.DeterminantsandTheoryof Equations.

Threelimesweekly.Total Differential Equations.

Twiceweekly.SECOND HALF-YEAR.

PROFESSOR SYLVESTER:Elliptic Functions(continued).

Twiceweekly.Universal Multiple Algebra(continued)andPartitions.

Onceweekly.DR. STORY:

Advanced Analytic Geometry (continued)and Non-EuclideanGeometry.Threelimesweekly

MathematicalAstronomy (continued).Threelimesweekly.

Higher P1ane Curves(continued).Twiceweekly.

Conics (continued).Twice weekly.

DR. CRAIG:Partial Differential Equations.

Threelimesweekly.CurvatureandOrthogonalSurfaces.

Twice weekly.Elasticity.

Threelimesweekly.Dn. FRANKLIN:

Differential andIntegral Calculus(continued).ThreeIsnesweekly.

Total Differential Equations(continued).Twiceweekly.

Solid Analytic Geometry.ThreeItmesweekly.

Dynamicsof a Particle.Twiceweekly.

UndergraduateCourses.NOTE. — In the first year of the undergraduatecourses,the student

will takeup Conic Sectionsand the Calculus. In thesecondyear,The-ory of Equations,Solid Analytic Geometry,SphericalTrigonometry,andeither Total Differential Equationsor Higher PlaneCurves. Thosewhoelect Physicsas n principal suhjcct of study will take up DifferentialEquations.

Mathematical Society.The Mathematical Society,composed of the instructors and

more advancedstudents,will meetmonthly as heretofore,underthe presidencyof ProfessorSylvester, for the presentationanddiscussionof papersor oralcommunications.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1882-3.

COURSES GIVEN.

ProfessorSylvester:Theoryof Substitutions. Tsciceweekly,first h if-year.Theoryof Partitionsandof MeanValues. Twice weekly,secondhalf-

year.Dr. Story:

Analytic Geometry(Advanced Course). Three limes weekly,firsthalf-year; twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

Higher PlaneCurves. Threedinesweekly,first half-year.Conic Sections. Three timesweekly,secondhalf-year.Q naternions. Three timesweekly,secondhalf-year.

Dr. Craig:Elliptic Functions. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Definite Integrals. Twiceweekly,lirsI half-year.Mechanics. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Calculusof Variations. Twiceweekly,first half-year~PartialDifferential Equations. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.Elliptic and ThetaFunctions. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.Hydrodynamics. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

Dr. Franklin:Determinants. Daily, during October.Differentialand Integral Calculus. Daily, first half-year.Solid Analytic Geometry. Threetimesweekly,firsthclf.year.Theoryof Equations. Three timesweekly,secondhalf-year.Total Differential Equations. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.Statics. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

List of PapersReadat the MathematicalSociety.

E. BARNEs.—Noteon the strophoids.E. W. DAVIS—On the- maximum valueof a certain determinant;note

on binodalquartics.W. P. DuarEse.—Onthetabulationof symmetricfunctionnG. S. ELY.—On a geometriclocus; on the numbersa,,, ,, which occurin

connectionwith theproofof StandtstheoremconcerningBernonillisnumbers on thedivisionsof Euler’s numbers.

F. FRANKLIN—On Crocchis theorem;on theexpressionfor thevolumeof a tetrahedronin termsof its edges;on partitions; on thevalueofEuler’s constant.

A. S. HATHAWAY—On the equationof a curve referredto a maximum- inscribed triangle; a proof of a theoremof Jacobi,by correspon-

dence.0. H. MITcHELL—Note on conic sections.C. S. Pxrncx.—Onaclassof multiple algebras.W. E. Sronv.-—Onmeasurementin non-Euclideangeometry; on the

non-Euclideantheory of conics; a remark on Farey series; onthe number of intersectionsof curvesdrawn on quadrics; on thenumberof intersectionsof curvesdrawnon a givenruled surface.

J. J. SYLVESTER.—On certain successionsof integers that cannot heindefinitely continued; on Crocchis theorem; on a fundarrientaltheoremin the new methodof partitions; proof of a well-knowndevelopmentof a continued product in a series; on the numberoffractionsin their lowest terms whosenumeratorsand denominators

- are limited not to exceedacertain number; on a general theoremin partitions; on a theorem in the EsoidamentaNova; on Fareyseries.

Threenumbersof the fifth volume of the AMERICAN JOURNAL

OF MATHEMATICS have beenissuedduring the academicyear,arid the concluding numberof the volume is in pressand willshortly appear. ___________

121

JOHNSHOPKINS

PHYSICS.


I. Minor Course.

This course,whichwill beconductedby Da. HAsTINGs, embracesexperimentallectures, recitations,andexaminations,five timesaweekthroughout the year,with onehalf-dayeachweek given tolaboratorywork. The subjectstakenup will include Mechanics,Acoustics,Optics, Light, Heat,Electricity, andMagnetism.

This courseprecedesthe studyof Chemistry and Biology as takenbythe studentsin the coursePreliminary to Medicine. A knowledge ofPlaneTrigonometry is essentialfor admissionto thecourse.

II. Advanced Courses.

PROFESSOR ROWLAND:

1. Thermodynamics,Heat Conduction,Physical Optics.Four lecturesweekly.

2. Meetings for theDiscussionof CurrentLiterature.Weekly.

DR. HASTINGS:

3. Theoryof Errors.Sixlectures.

4. Application of Mathematics to Selected Problems inPhysics.Lectureswecicly.

5. Theoryof Optical Instruments.Sixor eight lectures. (This course,announcedfor thelast year,

was omittedby reasonof Dr. Hastings’sabsence.)

6. Coursesof SelectedReadingsin Physics by thestudents,with examinations.

Heretoforethese have embracedselections from thefollowing works,onefrom eachgroupbeingrequisite:

Sound: Helmholtz.Heat: Maxwell, Wdllner, Verdet, Tyndall.Electricity and Mageetism:Jenkin,Wtillner, Verdet.Light: Wdllner, Lloyd, Daguin, Jamin, Verdet.Gonservationof Energy: Youmans,andothers.

DR. CRAIG:

‘~. MathematicalTheoryof Sound.Threetimesweekly,first half-year.

8. SphericalHarmonics.Threetimesweekly,first half-year.

9. Partial Differential Equations.Three timesweekly,.secon(lhalf-year.

III. Laboratory Work.

The Physical Laboratory is furnished with apparatuspur-chasedfrom the best Europeanand American makers,selectedwith specialreferenceto investigations,and especiallyvaluable forresearchesin electricity, magnetism, light, and heat. The labo-

ratory will be open for work, under the directioii of ProfessorRowlandandDr. Hastings,daily throughtheycar.

• Experiments will be made during the coming year with aview to aid in establishing an international unit of electri-cal resistance. The experimentswill be carried on, under thedirection of ProfessorRowland,with an appropriationftom thegovernmentof theUnited States. The resultswill be communi-cated to the InternationalCommission of Electricians,meetingin Paris.

NoTE.—Candidatesfor the degreeof Ph.D., who take Physics as aprincipal subjectwill be expectedto attend ProfessorRowland’slecturesfor. atleasttwo years; to work not less thantwo yearsin thelaboratoryor to showsuch attainmentsin the mathematicaltheoriesof Physicsasmayberegardedas anequivalent; to exhibit a familiarity with a selectedgroup of subjects,suchas are treatedby thefollowing authors:

History: Poggendorif,Grant (History of PhysicalAstronomy);Mechanics: Kirebboff, Thomson& Tait, Poisson,Duhamel,Jacobi,

Peirce,Resal, iRouth, Newton,and (on special topics) Riemann,Beer,and Lam6;

Sound: Rayleigh, Helmholtz;Optics: Fresnel (special memoirs), Billet, Verdet, Gauss (Diop-

trischeUntersuchungen),Young, Helmholtz (PhysiologischeOp-tik);

Heat: Clausius,iRankine, Verdet, iRiihlmann, Briot, Fourier;Electricity and Magnetism:Maxwell (completetreatise),Faraday,

Wiedemann,Mascart, De la Rive, Thomson (papers on Elec-tricity and Magnetism).

Suchcandidateswill alsobe required to present a thesisupon somesubjectin that branch of Physicsupon which theyhave beenespeciallyengaged.

[Furthernoticeson thissuhjectarepostponeduotilthereturnofDr. Hastings].


The roomsdevotedto thePhysical Laboratoryhavebeenopendaily for the prosecutionof advancedstudyand research,underthedirectionof ProfessorRowland andDr. Hastings.

Duringthe yearoriginal investigationsin thefollowing subjects,amongothers,havebeencarriedon:

Onthe photographyof thespectrumby meansof theconcavegrating.[The photographsof the spectrumso far madeextenddownto B, the

original negativesbeing about4 thescaleof Angstrdm’smapfrom B tob, equal to Angstrdm’s from b to G and 14 Angstrdm’s from G to theextremeultra violet. They show 150 lines between the H lines and

the E line indistinctlygive the 1474 and b

3 and b4 widely double, anddouble].

On thedeterminationof the B. A. unit of electricalresistancein abso-lute measure.

On the determinationof thespecific resistanceof mercury.On thevariation of thespecificheatof waterwith the temperature.On therelative wavelengths of the lines of the spectrumby meansof

theconcavegrating.On the effect of difference of phasein the harmonicson thetimbreof

the sound.On thevariation of the magnetic permeabilityof nickel by changeof

temperature.

122 [No. 24.

JUNE, 1883.] UNIVEPSITYCIII CULAPS.

Advanced studentshavealso taken part in meetIngsweekly,for the readinganddiscussionof thecurrentphysicaljournals.

Lectureshavebeengivenby ProfessorRowlandon Electricityand Magnetism,four times weekly throughtheyear.

The work of a part of the studentshasbeen guided by Dr.Hastings. The major course has included lectures, weeklythrough the year,anddaily work in the laboratory,especiallyonWednesdays. The minor coursein GeneralPhysicshasincludedinstruction daily through the year in Elementary Mechanics,Acoustics,Heat, Magnetism,Electricity, andLight, anda weeklyexercisein thelaboratoryunder Dr. HastingsandMr. Reid.

The course in GeneralPhysicswasdirectedduring the latterpart of the academic year by Mr. J. Rendel Harris.

ProfessorRowland,with the consentof the Trustees,visitedParis, in October, 1882, as one of the delegatesfor theUnitedStates governmentto the InternationalCommissionof Electri-cians, which was assembledunder the auspicesof the Frenchgovernment.

Dr. Ilastings receivedfrom the Trusteesleaveof absenceafterMarch 1, in orderthathe might be oneof a party sentout by thegovernmentof the United States to observe on the CarolineIslandthesolar eclipseof May 6.

CHEMISTRY.


The courses in Chemistry are intended to meet the wants(1) of graduateswho make Chemistrytheir specialty, or whoselectit as their subordinatesubject for thedegreeof Doctor ofPhilosophy; (2) of under,~raduatestudentswho study Chemistryfor generaltraining; (3) of specialstudentswho for good reasonshaveneither receiveda bachelor’sdegreenor matriculatedat thisnniversity. The minor andmajor coursesaredesignedmainly forundergraduates,though graduatesand specialstudentswho havenot donean equivalentamountof work will be requiredto followsuchportionsof thesecoursesas may seemdesirable.

I. Advanced Work.

1. LaboratoryWork.

Most of the work of advancedstudentsis carried on in thelaboratory,which will be open to them daily, except Saturday,from 9 a. m. until 5 p. m. The work will be wholly under thedirectionof ProfessorRemsen.

Theobjectin view is to makethoroughchemistswho shall benot onlyskillful workers,but, asfar ascircumstanceswill permit, clear thinkers.Thereadingof thejournalsof Chemistryisencouraged;andtosomeextentmadeobli

0atory, andoral reportson thearticlesreadarerequired. Theattempt is made to familiarize the students,asfar as possible,with thewholerangeof chemicalliterature.

2. Lectures.Advancedtopicswill be treatedin lectureswhich will begiventwo or

threetimesweekly. ProfessorRemsenwill directtheselecturesand willgive a numberof them;but somewill be given by the Fellowsandotheradvancedstudents. Theywill bemainly historicalin character,with theobjectof showingupon exactlywhatfoundationmanyof themostimpor-tant conceptionsof chemistryrest. This work, while serving to familiar-ize studentswith chemical literature, is intendedalso to aid them inacquiring the art of presentingsubjectsin the form of lecturesbeforeaudiences. All thosewho look forward to the careersof teachers ofchemistrywill berequiredto takeactivepartin theexercises.

II. Minor Course.

This courseoccupiesa year, and consistsof laboratory workandlecturesor recitations.

1st IfIfaif Year: GeneralChemistry; Non-Metals.Lecturesand recitationsdaily exceptSaturday.

LaboratoryWork.Four timesweekly,2—4 p. m.

GeneralChemistry; Metals.Lecturesand recitationsdaily exceptSaturday.

LaboratoryWork.Four timesweekly,2—5 p. m.

III. Major Course.

This courserequirestwo years’work. The first is theminorcoursejust described. The secondis as follows:

1st Half-Year:

2d Half-Year:

Analytical Chemistry.Lecturesand examinationsthreetimes weekly.

Philosophyof Chemistry.Onceweekly.

LaboratoryWork.Daily exceptSaturday,2—6 p. m.

Chemistryof theCompoundsof Carbon.Lecturesand exa,ninationsdaily exceptSaturday.

Philosophyof Chemistry.Onceweekly.

LaboratoryWork.As above, continued.

IV. Applied Chemistry.

Arrangementswill be soon madefor work in Applied Chem-istry, as for example,metallurgy, thechemistryof iron andsteel,of dye-stuffs,of soils andfertilizers, etc.

More detailedstatementsregardingthis work will bemadelater,thoughit should besaid herethat the instructionwill be intendedfor thosewhoalreadyhavea goodknowledgeof GeneralChemistry,and havedoneanamountof laboratorywork at leastequivalentto that of themajorcourseabovedescribed.

2d Half-Year:

123

JOHNSHOPKINS

V. Mineralogy and Geology.

Dr. George II. Williams will give during the first halfyear acoursein General2lliineralogy,consistingof threelecturesweekly,supplementedon Saturdays,from 9 a. m. until 12 in., hy practicalexercisein thesubjectstreatedof in the lecturesof eachweek.

During thesecondhalf-year, Dr. Williams will give a courseofthreelecturesweekly in General Geology,with especialreferenceto Petrographyandthemodernmethodsof thestudyof rocks.

Therewill be an opportunityofferedto thosewho maydesiretodo practicalwork in mineralogyand microscopicalpetrography.


During thepastyear the Chemical Laboratoryhasbeenmuchenlarged and improved, and fully equipped for all kinds ofchemicalwork. It now covers an areaof about 50 by 100 feetandhasthreefull storiesand a basement. In the basementarethenecessaryconveniencesfor assayingand other furnaceopera-tions. On thenext floor thereare large roomsdevoted mainlyto qualitative and quantitative analysis. On the secondfloor,are the rooms for researchwork, those of the director, thelibrary, and a lecture-room for General Chemistry. On thethird floor, are rooms for the chemical and mineralogicalcollections, a working and lecture-room for mineralogy anda secondlecture-roomfor chemistry. The laboratory will con-veniently accommodateaboutninety working students.

Advancedstudentshavebeenengageddaily in the laboratoryin prosecutingsuch work as seemedbestadaptedto thepurposesof each. Thosewho havecompleted thefull coursesin GeneralChemistry,including from two to three years’work in qualitativeand quantitative analysis and about a year’s work in makingdifficult and instructive preparations,wereencouragedto under-takethesolutionof original problems.

The following investigationshave beencompletedduring theyear. Othersarein progress.

On theconductof moist phosphorusandair towardscarbonmonoxide.Whitephosphorus.Oxidationof acompoundcontainingthesuiphamineand propyl groups

in theortho positionwith referenceto eachother, showingprotectionofthepropyl.

Oxidation of paradipropylbenzene-su]phamide,showing protection ofthepropyl.

Onthenatureof sinapicacid.Theinfluenceof light on fermentation.Chemicalexaminationof mineralsfrom the neighborhoodof Jones’s

Falls.

The resultsof theseinvestigationshaveeither alreadybeenorwill soon be published in the American Chemical Journal.SomehavealsobeenbroughtbeforetheJohnsHopkins ScientificAssociationat its regularmeetings.

Advancedstudentshavealsotaken part in meetingsheld twiceweeklythroughthe year for thepurposeof reportingon, thecur-rent journals of chemistry. All the important journals werecarefullyread,and thearticlesthen fully reportedon. Not onlythe teachingstaff, but the fellows and other advancedstudents,workedin this directionthroughouttheyear.

Advancedworkershavebeenfrequentlycalled upon to workup broad subjectsfrom thesources. In most casesthesubjectshave beenthose connectedwith the experimentalwork carriedon in the laboratory; but others not directly connectedwithwork in the laboratory have also been taken up in this way.Carefullywritten reportsof the resultsobtainedhavebeen pre-paredin severalcases. This very desirableliterary work is muchfacilitated by the fact that an excellent library of chemicaljour-nalsand other works is in the laboratory,and accessibleduringtheworkinghoursto all students.

At the beginningof the year subjectsfor advancedhistoricallectureswere assignedto the fellows and others,andacourseoftwenty lectureswas the result. Thesewere thoroughlyworkedup from theoriginal articles in the journals,and not from workson the history of chemistry. Full abstractsof theselectures,togetherwith completereferencesto the articlesconsulted,aretobe preparedandpreservedin thechemical library. The lecturesgivenwereasfollows:

Two by Mr. E. H. Keiseron “The History of Ozone”;Two by Mr. D. T. Day on “The Electro-ChemicalTheory”;Four by Mr. W. C. Dayon “Avogadro’s Hypothesis”;Threeby Mr. H. N. Stokeson “The Idea of the Radical in Chem-

istry “;

Threeby ProfessoriRemsenon “Valence”~Threeby Dr. J. iR. Duggan,on “Fermentation”;Threeby Dr. H. D. Coale on “The Investigationswhich led to our

presentConceptionsof Substitution.”

In addition,thework of the year hasconsistedof thecoursesbelowmentioned:LaboratoryWork for undergraduatesthroughthe entireyear,conducted

by ProfessorRemsen,Dr. Morse,andDr. Coale.Lecturesby ProfessorRemsen:

GeneralChemistry(Non-Metals),five timesweekly,first half-year.Chemistry of the Compoundsof Carhon,five times weekly, second

half-year.Coursesby Dr. Morse:

GeneralChemistry (Non-Metals), five timesweekly,secondhalf-year.Mineralogy, lecturesand laboratory work, three timesweekty,first

half-year.During the secondhalf of the yearthe work in Mineralogy hasbeen

under thechargeof Dr. G. H. Williams.

Six numbers of the AMERICAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL haveappearedwithin theyear. Theseare Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 of Vol. IV,andNos. 1 and2 of Vol. V.

124 [No. 24.

UNIVEI?SITY CIRCULAPS.

BIOLOGY.


I. Collegiate Instruction.This is designed especiallyfor undergraduatestudents,but

graduatestudentswho have not had a thorough preliminarytraining will be required to follow the instruction in those sub-jects of the collegecoursein which they arefound to be deficient,before undertakingadvancedbiological studiesor engaginginoriginal research.

First Year(Minor) Course.

This has been plannedto meet the needs:(1) of thosewhointend ultimatelyto takeup someonebranchof Biology (Zo6logy,Physiology,or Botany) for specialstudy; (2) of students,gradu-ate or undergraduate,who expect later to study medicine, butmeanwhiledesire,as a valuablepreparation,to obtain some gen-eral knowledgeof the phenomena,laws, and conditions of life;(3) of thosewho desire,as a part of their generalcollegetraining,someacquaintancewith themodesof thoughtandthe methodsofmodernexperimentalandobservationalscience,andselectBiologyasa subjectof studywith that endin view.

The course consists of five lectures or recitations weeklythroughoutthe aca~1emicyear,with laboratorywork. The labor-atory work takes the place of the greaterpart of the outsidereadingrequired in connectionwith most other undergraduatecoursesin the university. The following subjectsform togethertheyear’s work.

1. GeneralBiology.Threelecturesor recitationsweeklyfrom thecommencementof the

sessionuntil the middleof April.Attention is mainly directed to the broad characteristicphe-

nomenaof life and living things ratherthan to the minuticeof descriptiveBotanyor Zo6logy, or thecharactersof orders,genera,and species. In thelaboratorythestudentlearnshowto observe,how to verify anddescribewhat heobserves,howto dissect,andhow to usea microscope;heexaminesselectedvegetableandanimaltypes,from unicellularorganisms,astheyeast-plantandAmo~ba,to thefern andtheflowering-plantonone side,and the crayfishand a mammal on the other. Inthe lectureroomattentionis mainly givento thefundamentalbiological factsand lawswhich theparticularplant or animalunderconsiderationis fittedto illustrate,theobjectbeingratherto give thestudentan ideaof what is meantby a living thing,by a plant, by ananimal,by tissuedifferentiation,life history,organ, functions, etc., than to teach him the elements ofBotany and ComparativeAnatomyas commonlyunderstood.The organismsstudiedare Torula,Protococcus,Amceba,Bac-teria, Penicillium,iMiucor, Spirogyra, Nitella, a moss,a fern,a flowering-plant,Infusoria,Hydra,starfish,earthworm,cray-fish, clam,squid, cartilaginousfish, frog, terrapin,pigeon,andrat; so that attheclose of thecoursethe studenthasa prac-tical knowledgeof a typical examplefrom eachof the maindivisionsof animalsandplants,on which to base his furtherreading.

2. TheEmbryologyof the Chick.Four lecturesor recitations weeklyfrom themiddle of April until

the closeof thesession.In thiscoursethestudent,who hasalreadyin hisGeneralBiology

observedthe natural arrangementof animalsand plants indivergingseriesranging from a simplebit of living matterto

highly complicatedorganisms,studiesthe individual develop-ment of oneof thehigher animals,from its startasan almostformlessbit of living matter to its final highly complex struc-ture. Theincreasingdifferentiationoftissuesandorganswhichhe has noted as higher and higher plants and animalsweredissected,he now seesexemplified by study of his sectionsofthe embryoin different stagesof development. At the sametime a good foundationis laid for subsequentadvancedstudyin VertebrateMorphology.

3. Osteology,iluman andComparative.Two lectures or recitations weeklyuntil theend of March, with

practical studyon selectedskeletons.Thestudentbeginswith thehumanskeleton,which, asthemost

minutely and accuratelydescribedof all convenientlyacces-sible animal structures,is well fitted to train him to observecloselyandaccurately. He thenstudiesaskeletonfrom eachof thechief -ordersof the Mammalia and two or threefromeachof theremainingmain groupsof Vertebrata.

4. PlantAnalysis.Practical instruction and excursionstwice weeklyin April and

-May.The studentis taught how to collect and preserveplants; and,

by the analysis of a number of flowering plants under thedirection of his teacher,gets a good introduction to the ter-minology of descriptive botany, and learns how to use abotanical key for the recognitionof species.

SecondYear (Major) Course.This is designedfor those who, having completedthe above

minor course, desireto proceedfarther with biological studies.Ultimately the secondyear’swork in biologywill be, at the choiceof the student,one of threecourses;in thefirst of theseAnimalPhysiologywill be the dominantstudy; in the second,AnimalMorphology; in thethird, Botany; for thepresenta choiceis onlyoffered betweenthe first and secondof the three.

[To completehis majorcourse a studentmust,after finishinghis minor, takeeither1and2 ofthe subjectshelow named,or1, 3, and4. Thecombinationof1 and2isespeciallyfitted for thosewho intendafterwardsto studymedicinej.

1. MammalianAnatomy.Two lecturesor recitations weeklyfrom thecommencementof the

academicyear until theendof January.In connectionwith this coursethe student dissectsoneof the

higher mammalswith all the minutenesswith which thehumanbody is dissectedin a medical school. He thus notmerelylearnshow to dissectthoroughly,but acquiresa knowl-edgeof thenames,generaldistributionandstructureof nearlyall themuscles,nerves,vessels,andviscera,andbecomesfittedto take up profitably the professionalstudy of the detailsofdescriptiveandregionalHumanAnatomy,andso savesmuchtime whenheafterwardentersa medical school.

2. Animal Physiologyand ilistology.Three lecturesor recitations weeklyuntil the end of January;

afterwardsfiveweeklyuntil thecloseof theacademicyear.This courseis designedto give thestudentagood knowledgeof

thehealthypropertiesandmodeof working of thevarioustis-suesandorgansof thehigheranimals,man included; alsotogive him a good knowledge of their microscopic structure;In the laboratoryeach studentexamines,for himself the his-tology of eachorgan and tissue,and thus learns the use ofreagentsand embeddingmaterials,the methodsof mountingspecimens,etc.; he alsostudies practically the compositionof the more important organs and tissues,the chemistryofdigestion, the fundamentalpropertiesof living musclesandnerves,the beatof theheart,thephenomenaof reflex action,

JUNE, 1~83.] 125

JOHNSHOPKINS

etc. Important physiologicalfacts,which requirespecialskillfor their exhibition or the employmentof especiallydelicateinstruments are demonstratedto theclass. Therewill be, asarule, onesuch demonstrationweekly.

3. Animal Morphology, or ComparativeAnatomy.Threelecturesor recitationsweeklyfrom thebeginningof Decem-

ber until theendof theacademicyear.A systematiccourseof lectureson the structure,development,

relationships,and classificationof animals. In thelaboratorythestudentwill dissecta numberof forms selectedespeciallywith a view to illustrating importantmorphologicalfacts.

4. Marine Laboratory.Two months studyat the marine laboratory of the University,

betweenJune1st and August31st.This may be taken in one year or a month may be taken in

eachof two consecutiveyears.

II. University Instructionand Opportunities.This is designedfor graduateswho havealreadysucha knowl-

edgeof Biology asmight be obtainedby following thecollegiatemajor course in that subject, and for others who, althoughnot graduates,satisfy the university authorities that they arecompetentto undertakeadvancedwork. In theuniversitycoursesbut little of the teachingis given by formal lectures; theinstruc-tors come into close daily contact with the students,supervisetheir work, direct their researches,and adviseas to their reading.

1. Physiology.The new biological laboratory,which will beopenednextSep-

tember, has been especiallyconstructedwith reference toproviding opportunity for advancedwork in experimentalphysiology. The collection of physiological instrumentsbe-longing to theUniversityis unusuallylargeandcompleteandis yearlyaddedto; the Trusteesproviding an annualsum forthepurchaseof instrumentswanted for anyparticular inves-tigation, or which for other reasonsit is desirableto haveinthe laboratory. There is also a well-fitted-up workshop inthelaboratoryin which a skilled mechanicis kept constantlyat work repairingand cleaning instrumentsandmaking newones. The laboratorycontains two large rooms for generaladvancedwork in animal physiology, in addition to othersspecially designedfor work with the spectroscope,with themyograph,for electro-physiologicalresearches,and for physi-ologicalchemistry.

2. Histology.The laboratorycontainsaspecialroom constructedfor advanced

histologi~calwork, and well suppliedwith apparatusandrea-gents. Thereis alsoaroomfor micro-photography.

3. Animal Morphology.Roomsfor advancedwork in this subject are alsocontainedin

the laboratory; the chiefadvancedstudy in it is howevercarriedon at theMarine Laboratory,openat theseasidefromthe beginning of Juneuntil the end of August, under thedirectionof Dr. Brooks. The marine laboratory possessesasteamlaunch, and is snpplied with the necessary dredges,boats,aquaria,microscopes,etc.

4. Psycho.physiology.From earlyin Februaryuntil the end of the academicyear a

courseof lectureson psycho-physiology,combinedwith labora-torywork, will begivenin the biological laboratoryby Dr. G.StanleyHall, in connectionwith the psychological coursesofinstructionin the university.

5. Lectures.Shortadvancedcoursesof lecturesaregiven from time to time

on selectedphysiologicalandmorphologicalsubjects.6. Journal Club.

A JournalClub, composedof theinstructors and advancedstu-dents,meetsweekly for the reading and discussionof recent.biological publications.

‘~. Library Facilities.Thelaboratorycontainsa library suppliedwith standardbiolog-

ical worksandcompletesets of the more important journals.There is alsoa special collection of books which have beenbrought togetherin connectionwith researchescarried on inthelaboratory. An effort is alwaysmadeto procurefor any-one engagedin a particular investigation, all publicationsbearing on his work but not easily accessible,as graduationtheses,occasionalpublicationsfrom laboratoriesin Europeandelsewhere,etc. Thebiological library also receivesregularlyabout forty biological periodicals,including all theimportantphysiologicaland morphologicaljournalsin English, French,German,andItalian.

The general library of the University receives all the chiefjournals of general science,and the transactionsof all theleading learnedsocietiesof theworld.

The library of thePeabodyInstitute,within five minutes walkof the University, contains complete sets of many of thechiefbiological journals,of theproceedingsof learnedsocie-ties, andother worksof reference.

In thelibrary of theMedical andChirurgical Faculty of Mary-land, a very largenumberof medical periodicals is accessibleto membersof the University.

The proximity of Washingtonis of specialvalue to advancedstudentsof physiology. The Library of the Army MedicalMuseum in that city contains an almost unrivalled storeofphysiological works which are available under conditionsmostfavorableto study.

8. Publication.In connectionwith the biological laboratorythereis published

a journal (“ Studiesfrom theBiological Laboratory”) whichcontains the resultsof most of the researchescarried out inthe laboratory; a ready meansof publication for originalwork is thus secured. TheJournalof Physiologyis publishedin America under the auspicesof the JohnsHopkins Uni-versity, and affords a desirablemedium for the publicationof physiologicalresearches.The University Circulars,whichappearat brief intervals throughout the year, are availablefor preliminary statements,securingpriority for discoverieswhile moredetailedaccountsarein courseof publication.

III. Naturalists’ Field Club.This wasorganizedby membersof theUniversity, but includes

in its list of membersother residentsof Baltimore interestedinNatural History. The club works in three sections—Geologyand Mineralogy, Zo6logy, Botany. Each section elects its ownofficers aisd arrangesfor its own field excursionsaud its ownmeetings. Thereare also monthly meetingsof the wholeclub,when thechairmenof the different sectionsreport progressandan addresson some topic of Natural History is given by oneofthemembers.

The mineralogicalcollectionsof theclub arepreservedin theChemicalLaboratory; thebotanicalandzo6logical in theMuseumof theBiological Laboratory.


I. LaboratoryWork.The Biological Laboratoryhasbeenopenfor eight hoursdaily

during the year, for the prosecutionof advancedstudy andresearchand for coursesof practical instruction in connectionwith classes.

During the year original investigations,the resultsof whicheither havebeenor soon will be published,havebeen made inthe following subjects

126 [No. 24.

JUNE, 1883.1 UNIVEPSITY CIBOULA1?S.

Thedirect actIonupon the heartof ethyl alcohol. The influenceofdigitaline upon the heart and blood vessels. The influenceof quinineupon the blood vessels. The influenceof variations in arterialpressureuponthetime occupiedby thesystoleof theheart. Theminutestructureof the kidney. The life-history of Penicillium. Viscousfermentation.The influence of various illuminations on the growth of yeast. Thestructureof Porpita. The structureof the gasteropodgill. Thedevel-opment of the mammarygland. The structureand propertiesof thecavernoustissuebeneaththeolfactorymucousmembrane.

Paperson severalof the researchescarried on have beenread beforetheScientificAssociationof theUniversity, the Maryland Medical andChirurgical Faculty, &c.

In connectionwith the regular classinstruction, first year studentsthoroughlystudieda numberof typical fungi,greenplants, and animalstheskeletonsof abouttwentyselectedvertebrates;andthedevelopmentof thechick in theegg. In the spring therewere given a few practicallessonsin theelementsof SystematicandDescriptiveBotany.

Secondyear studentsworkedat thehistologyof the tissuesandorgansof the higher vertebrata(especiallyman) ; the physiological propertiesand functionsof thetissuesand organs; thephysiologyof digestion; thechemistryof bile, urine, etc. The stock of physiological apparatusbe-longing to the Universitybeing unusually large,and including severalduplicatesof all the more frequentlyusedinstruments,each studentinthe classof Animal Physiologyhadtheopportunityandwasrequiredtoperformfor hi?nselfall thereally fundamentalphysiologicalexperiments,savesuch as requiredsomespecialskill or theuseof very delicateappa-ratus; theseweredemonstratedto theclass.* Thecat wasalsothoroughlydissectedby thesecondyear students.

II. AdvancedInstruction.A course of twenty-sevenadvancedlectures was given as

follows:Six lecturesby ProfessorMartin on “Animal HeatandthePhysiology

of Fever.”Two lecturesby Dr. W. T. Councilmanon “Splenic Fever,as illus-

trating therelationshipof bacterialorganismsto theproductionof infec-tious disease.”

Three lecturesby Dr. W. T. Sedgwickon “The Physiologyof ReflexActions”: and one lectureon “The PhysiologicalAction of Quinine.”

Two lecturesby Mr. H. H. Donaldsonon “The Influence of Digita-line upon theCirculatory Organs.”

Two lecturesby Mr. W. H. Howell on “The Influenceof the Respira-tory Movementsuponthe Circulation of theBlood.”

Two lecturesby Mr. H. N. Stokes on “The Physiological Relation-shipsof Urea.”

Threelecturesby ProcessorA. H. Tuttle, of Columbus,Ohio, on “TheSelectionandUseof MicroscopeObjectivesof High Aperture.”

Six lecturesby Dr. W. K. Brookson “Heredity.”

Most of theadvancedwork, however,wascarried on individu-ally, andnot in classes;eachworker taking up somespecialtopicfor studyunder theimmediatedirectionof someoneof theinstruc-tors. In addition to theoriginal researchesalreadyenumerated,certaingraduatestudentshavein this mannercarriedon advancedstudy in variousdIrections.

*PracticalPhysiologyis so frequentlyregardedasmeaning nothing more than His-tologyand someChemicalPhysiology,that it mayheadvisableto give exa piesof theadditionalexperimentswl,ich studentswererequiredto perform,and of the phenomenademonstratedto them. Eachstudentsetup for himself the necessaryapparatus,andstudied the contractionof a muscle,simpleand tetanic;the analysisof tetanus; theactionof different stimuli on muscle;the generalstimuli of nerves;the reflex actionsofthe frog’s spinal cord; the heat of the frog’s heart; the influence of pneumo~,astricstimulationupon the heart-heat;theahsorptionsp ctra of hremoglobinand of itschiefcomnpounds; the phenomenaof accommodation; Schemer’sexperiment; Purkinje’sfigures; the cemp~rativeinsensibilityof theperipheralpartsof theretina,etc.

Amongthe thingsdemonstratedwerethe electricalcurrentsof mnuscleand nerve; theactioncurrent; thedurationof theperiodof latentexcitation; the rateoftransmissionof a nervousimnpulse; theheatofthe meammualianheart; arterialpressure; the actionofvaso-motornerves;the secretionof glandsuponstimulationof theirnerves; the respi-ratoryand vase-motorcentres; the function of the phrenicnerve; the phenomenaobservedin frogs,hirds,and mammalsafterremovalof various partsof the brain; theresultsofsectionofthe semicircularcanals;etc.

Studentsengagedin this kind of advancedwork (which formsa stepping-stonebetweenclass-workand original research),areusually given someimportant original article, and shownhow torepeatand verify for themselves(and criticise, if necessary)theexperimentsandresults describedin it. By studyingandrepeat-ingtheoriginal work of otherstheylearnthemethodsof biologicalinvestigation,andarethus trainedto plan andcarryout researchesthemselves. In connectionwith this work, studentsarealsotaughthow to hunt up andutilize thebibliographyof asubject.

III. ClassInstruction.Coursesof lecturesfor undergraduatesweregivenasfollows

Osteology,twiceweekly,from thebeginningof Novemberuntil theendof March.

MammalianAnatomy, twiceweekly,until April.Animal PhysiologyandHistology,fourtimesweekly,throughtheyear.GeneralBiology, threetimesweekly,until themiddleof April.Embryologyof theChick,four timesweekly,from themiddleof April

until thecloseof thesession.PlantAnalysis, twiceweekly,during April and May.

IV. Marine Laboratory.During thesummerof 1882, theseasideZo6logicalLaboratory

for thestudy of forms of marinelife, wasopenat Beaufort,N. C.,from May 1 until September29.

The advancedwork including the following original investi-gations:

Onthedevelopmentof Thallassema;on the origin of the shell of theoyster; onparthenogenesisin theEchini; o nthedevelopmentofTubularia;on the developmentof Macroura; on the crabs of Beaufort; on theMedusaeof Beaufort; on thedevelopmentof Renilla andLeptogorgia;on intracellulardigestionin Hydroids; on thestructureand developmentof thegills of Gasteropods;on the histologyof Porpita.

Abstractsofthemoreimportantinvestigationshavealreadybeenprintedin theUniversity Circulars,andin the Zo6logischerAnzeiger, andmoreextendedaccountsarenow in preparationfor publication.

V. Publications.PartIV of thesecondvolume of “Studiesfrani theBiological

Laboratory” will bepublishedin June. It contains:I. Noteson thedevelopmentof PanopteusSayl, by E. A. Birge.

II. The structureand growth of theshell of theoyster,by HenryL. Osborn.

III. Thenervoussystemof Porpita,by H. W. ConnandH. G. Beyer.lV. Thedistributionof cilia hi thetubulesof thehumankidney, by

A. H. Tuttle.V. The direct action of ethyl alcohol on theheart,by H. Newell

Martin andLewis T. Stevens.VI. The influence of variations of arterial pressureupon the time

relationshipsof theventricularsystole,by W. H. Howell andJ. S. Ely.

VII. The action of quinine upon thearterioles,by H. H. DonaldsonandLewis T. Stevens.

VIII. Morphologicalnotes,by W. K. Brooks.Thepart will containeight platesand anindexto thewhole volume.

Articles by variousmembersof thebiological departmenthavealso been published in the University Girculars and in theJournalof Physiology. Abstractsof two researcheshavebeenprintedin theProceedingsof the Royal Societyof London; andDr. E. B. Wilson’s paperon theDevelopmentof Renilla hasbeenaccepted for publication in the “Philosophical Transactions.”Parts5 and6 of Vol. III, togetherwith asupplemelit,and Part1 of Vol. IV of theJournal of Physiology(whichis publishedintheUnited Statesundertheauspicesof theJohns Hopkins Uni-versity), havebeenpublishedsincethe closeof the lastsession.

127

JOHNSHOPKINS

ANCIENT AND MODERN LANGUAGES.


CREEK.

I. Greek Seminary.

PROFESSORGJLDERSLEEYEwill conduct the Greek Seminary,theplanof whichis basedon thecontinuousstudyof somelead-ing authoror somespecialdepartmentof literature.

The Seminaryconsists of theDirector, Fellows,and Scholars,andsuchadvancedstudents,to thenumberof six, asshall satisfythe Director of their fitness for an active participation in thework, by an essay,a critical exercise or some similar test ofattainmentsand capacity. All graduatestudents,however,mayhavetheprivilege of attendingthecourse.

During the next academicyear the study of GreekHistorio-graphywill constitutethechiefoccupationofthemembers. Therewill be two meetingsa weekduring theentire session,onefor thecriticism andinterpretationof the author in hand,one for aux-iliary studies. Especialattentionwill be paid to thedevelopmentof historicalstyle andmethod.

The student should possessHerodotos, Thukydides,Xenophon,andPolyhius, togetherwith Schaefer’sQuellenkundeder GriechisehenGes-chichte and Hicks’s Greek Historical Inscriptions.

Arrangementswill also be madefor the study of Pausaniasunderthegeneralguidanceof theDirector.

II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.

1. PROFESSORGILDER5LEEYE will also conduct a course ofPractical Exercisesin Greek,consistingchiefly in translationat dictation from Greek into English and English into Greek,two meetingsa week, from the beginning of the sessionto thefirst of January. Advanced undergraduateswill be admittedtothis courseupon the recommendationof their advisers.

2. PROFEssORGILDER5LEEVE will interpret select tracts ofLucian once a week after the first of January.

3. PROFESSORGILDERSLEEVE will alsogive a courseof lectureson theSyntaxof the GreekCases.

4. Noticesas to othercoursesarereserved.

III. NewTestamentGreek.

MR. J. RENDEL HARRIS will give the following courses:

1. Textual Criticism.

2. The Catholic Epistles.

3. The Shepherdof Hermas.Twicewee/dy,throughtheyear.

IV. Undergraduate Courses.

1. Lysias, SelectOrations.Four timesweekly,first half-year. Da. SPIEKER.

2. Homer, Odysseyix-xii; Euripides,Alcestis.Four timesweekly,secondhalf-year. Dn. SPIEIcER,

3. Thucydides,vii.Four timesweekly,first half-year. PROFEssORNORRIS.

4. Aristophanes,one play; Sophocles,Philoctetes.Four timesweekly, secondhalf-year. PRoFEssORMonurs.

5. ProseComposition.Weeklyexercisesin connectionwith eachof theabovecourses.

6. PROFESSORMORRIS proposesalso to meet onceor twice aweek,at someconvenienthour, such studentsas may be inclinedto readthe Homericpoemsin Greek.

Thiscourseis not for thepurposeof critical studyor grammaticalanalysis,but merely for the enjoyment of the poems. Itwill call for no preparation,and may beattendedby all whohave a moderateacquaintancewith the Greek language.

Private Beading. Studentshaving the time areencouragedto pursueparallel coursesof privatereading under thedirectionof theinstructor. Thosewho passexaminationson suchwork willbe ableto completetheir coursesin shortertime thanotherwise.Examinationson thefollowing bookswill beprovidedfor 1883-4:

la. Xenophon,Ilellenica, i, ii.

2a. Herodotus,Merry’s Selections.3a. Demosthenes,in Timocratem.4a. Aesehylus,Septemor Persae; Euripides,Hip}y~olytus.

NoTE.—Thework provided for subsequentyearswill be arrangedona similarscheme,althoughthe booksofferedwill bedifferent. Examina-tionson the coursesin Private Readingwill beheld at theendof eachhalf-year. Classcourses1 and2 are to betakenasthe first year’swork,with la and 2a of Private Reading. Thesecondyear’s work will con-sist of 3 and 4 with 3a and 4a of Private Reading. Should any stu-dent be unable to do the Private Readingin connectionwith his classwork, hemay taketheexaminationon PrivateReadingsor extracoursesof classwork in a subsequentyear. Onecourseof classwork is in allcasesconsideredtheequivalentof two coursesof parallelreading.

LATI N.

I. Latin Seminary.

Da. WARREN will conduct the Latin Seminary. The Plays•of Terencewill form the centre of work. There will be twomeetings a week throughout the year, one of which will bedevotedto the interpretation of selectedportions of the~ textwhich presentcritical difficulties, theother to the considerationof more generaltopics connectedwith thesyntax, metres,andlit-erary history of theLatin comedy,andto thediscussionofpaperspresentedby themembersof theSeminary.

Studentsareadvised to provide themselvesin advancewith Umpfen-bach’scritical edition of Terence(Berlin, 1870). Spengel’sedition of theAndria(Berlin, 1876) andDziatzko’s edition of the Phormio (Leipzig,1874) andAdelphoe(1881) will alsobe founduseful. I=Ilotz’sedition ofTerence(2 vols., 1888-40,Leipzig) is alsovaluable, as it containstbecommentariesof DonatusandEugraphiusof which constant usewillbemade.

Aneffort hasbeenmadeto furnish theSeminaryLibrary ascompletelyas possible with the more important editions anddissertationsbearingdirectly or indirectlyon thestudyof Terence.

128 [No. 24.

JUNE, 1883.] UNIVEBSITY CIBOULABS.

II. AdvancedandGraduateCourses.

1. Ia the first half-yearDR. WARREN will give a courseof lec-tureson Latin Palacography,with prRcticalexercisesin rendingfac-similesof manuscriptsin different scripts.

2. Ia the latter half of theyear,DR. WARREN will lecture onLatin Epigraphyandconducta seriesof weeklyexercisesin theinterpretationof Latin Inscriptions, especiRllythoseof anearlyperiod. __________

NoTE—Thesecoursesare regardedas subsidiary to the work of theLatin Seminary,but maybe taken independently.

III. UndergraduateCourses.

1. Livy, two boo/cs.Four timesweekly,first half-year. DR. SPIRKER.

2. Horace,SelectOdes andEpistles.Threetimesweekly,secondhalf year. Da. SPIEKRE.

SelectSatires.Onceweekly,secondhalf-year. DR. WARREN.

3. Lucretius,v; Plautus, Ilifiles Cloriosus.Seventimesin two weeks,first half-year. PRoFESSoRMORRIS.

Readingat sight.Oncein two weeks. DR. WARREN.

4. Tacitus,Agricola, Germania,Annals,H.Four. timesweekly,secondhalf-year. PROFESSORMORRIS.

5. SelectLettersof CiceroandPliny; Aulus Gellius.Threetimesweekly,first half-year. DR. WARREN.

Readingat sight.Onceweekly. PROFESSORMORRIS.

6. Juvenal,SelectSatires.Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

Readingat sight.Onceweekly.

7. ProseComposition.Weeklyexercisesin connectionwith each of theabovecourses.

Private Reading. Studentshaving the time are encouragedto pursueparallel coursesof privatereading underthedirectionof the instructor. Those who pass examinationson such workwill be ableto completetheir coursesin shortertime thanother-wise. Examinationson thefollowing bookswill be providedfor1883-4:

Ia. Cicero,pro RosciaAmerino,deSenectute,deAmicitia.2a. Horace,Epodesand CarmenSaeculare;Ovid, Fasti, i, ii.3a. Cicero, deNaturaDeorum,I, de Finibus, r; Tarence,Andria.4a. Tacitus, Dialogus de Oratoribus, Annals, Iii; Suetonius,Life

Tiberius.5a. Cicero, ad Atticum,I; Quintilian, x.Ga. Martial, Select Epigrams; Seneca,de Tranquillitate Animi and

4pocolocyntosis. _____________

DR. WARREN.

of

NO-rE.—The work provided for subsequentyearswill bearrangedon asimilar scheme,although the books offeredwill bedifferent. Examina-tionson thecoursesin Private Readingwill beheld atthe endof eachhalf-year. Classcourses1 and2 are to betaken asthefirst year’swork,with la and2aof Private Reading. Thesecond year’s work xviii consistof courses3 and 4 with 3a and4a of Private Reading. (5 and6, withSa andGa, are offered asalternatives.) Shouldanystudent beunabletodo thePrivate Readingin connectionwith his classwork, he maytakethe examinationon PrivateReadingsor extracoursesof classwork in asubsequentyear. Onecourseof classwork is in all casesconsideredtheequivalentof two coursesof parallelreading.

SHE ITIC LANCUACES.

PROFESSOR PATJL HAUPT (now of the University of Gdttingen)will give the following courses:

1. Hebrew (for beginners).Gesenius—RoedigersHebrew Grammar;Genesised. S. Beer and

F. Delitzsch. Twiceweekly.

2. Arabic (for beginners).PetermannsBrevis linguaeArabicaeGrammatica,CarolsrubeeatLipsiae,1867.

orEthiopic.Dillmen’s ChrestomathiaAethiopica, Lipsiae,186G. Twiceweekly.

3. Assyrian(for beginners).Exercises in reading and translating. Ilaupt, Keiischrifttexte,

PartI, Leipzig, 1881; Sir II. C’. Rawlinson,CuneiformInscrip-tions of Western Asia, Vol. V, London 1880. Twiceweekly.

4. Sumero—Akkadian(for advancedassyriologists).Magical and liturgical bilingual texts. ]zlaupt, Keilschrifttexte,

PartsII andIII, Leipzig, 1881;Die akkadischeSprache,Berlin,1883. Twiceweekly.

SANSKRIT AND Co PARATIVE PHILOLOCY.

DR. BLOOMFIELD will give thefollowing coursesduringthefirsthalf-year:

1. ElementarySanskrit.Whitney’s Grammarand selectionsfrom the Nala; the Hito-

padeqa,etc. Tsciceweekly.

2. AdvancedCourse,[Second Year.]a. Readingsfrom the Kathasaritsflgara,§akuntala or Yajifa-

valkya.b. Sanskrit prosecomposition with Bflbler’s Leitfaden fur den

Elementar-cursusdesSanskrit.Twiceweekly.

3. Introductioninto the VedieLanguage.Introductory lectureson the Vedas; readings from the Rig-

~feda. Twiceweekly.

4. Introductioninto Pali or Zend(for advancedsanskritists.)Onceweekly.

5. Introduction into the Elementsof General ComparativeGrammar.

For undergraduatespursuing any of the linguistic courses,as well asfor graduatestraining themselvesas philologians. Whitney’s Languageand the Studyof Languagewill be employed asthebasis of thecourse,but will besupplementedby lecturestheaim of whichwill be to add theresultsof the latestinvestigations.

CERMAN.

(Announcementsof tiseadvancedcoursesare reserved.)

I. First Year (Minor) Course.

1. Historical Prose.Dahn’s Urgeschichteder germanischenund romanisahenV6lker.

Twiceweekly.

2. Scientific Prose.Hodges’sScient~flcGermanand Humboldt in Auswald.

Twiceweekly.

129

JOHNS HOPKINS

3. Classics.Prose; Oneplay; Minor Poetry. Twice weekly.

4. Exerciseswith Whitney’s Grammar.Weekly.

II. SecondYear (Major) Course.

5. Middle High German.Paul’s and Weinhold’s Grammars; Readingof Epic Poetry.

Twiceweekly.

6. Germanof the XVI andxvii centuries.Brant’sNarrenschiff,Luther’s “An den Adel,” Gryphius’s Peter

Squenz. Twiceweekly (onehalf-year).

~. a. DeutscheStiliibungen.M~nthly.

b. ProseComposition.Whitney’sand Paul’s Grammars. Weekly.

8. History of GermanLiterature.Lecturesin German,Kiuge’s DeutscheNationallitteratur.

Oncein two weeks.

9. Readingof GermanClassics(1765—1832).Four timesweekly.

Norx.—Studentshavesome,choice,under thedirectionof theinstruc-tor, in making out courses. Thus a first year’scoursemaybemadeup of1, 8, 4; of 1, 2, 4; of 2, 3, 4. A second year’s coursemight consistof6, 76, 8, with thewhole of 9, first half-year,andtwo hours of 9, secondhalf-year; of 5,6, 7a, 8, and two hoursof 9; of 6,76,8,2, and threehoursof 9; of 6, 7b, 8,1, andthreehoursof 9.

ENCLISH (including Anglo-Saxon).

(Further announcementsof the advanced courseswill bemadelater.)

DR. WooD will conductthe following courses:

1. Anglo-Saxon.Sweet’s Reader. SelectedTexts in Anglo-Saxon Law. Lec-

tures. Da. WOOD. Twiceweekly,throughtheyear.

2. Early English (1200—1400A. D.)Morris and Skeat’s Specimens,PartsI. and II. DR. WooD.

Twice weekly,throughtheyear.

3. Chaucer.Prologue,etc.,ed.Mori~is. PrioressesTale,etc.,ed.Skeat. Da.

WooD. Onceweekly,throughtheyear.

4. Elementsof English PhoneticsandLanguageBuilding.Sweet’sHand-book. Exercises. Da. WooD. Onceweekly,first

hoif-year.

5. He will also conductgrammaticaland rhetoricalexercisesfor studentsin thefirst andsecondyear’scoursesin English.

Throughtheyear.

DR. BROWNE:

6. Will receiveandcorrectsuch essaysasmay be submittedtohim by any member of the undergraduateor graduatecourses.

Every undergraduatewill be requiredto write and submitto himsucha numberof exercisesasshall seemsufficient to securegoodability in writing English.

7. Will meet undergraduateswho do not takethe full Englishcourse,and will readwith them selectionsfrom EnglishLiterature, with critical andhistoricalcomments.

Twiceweekly,throughtheyear.

S. Will meet thosestudentswho takethe full English course,andwill readwith them (a) Shakspeare’sHamlet, (b) Se-lectionsfrom English Prosewriters since Bacon.

Twiceweekly,throughtheyear.

9. There will be a classcoursein the history of the EnglishLanguage.

Lounsbury’s History and Marsh’s Lectures will beused astext books.

Onceweeklysecondhalf-year.

10. PRorEssoRCoRsoN,of Cornell University,will give a courseof twenty public lectureson the History of English Lit-erature,beginningJanuary21.

11. MR. WooDWoRTH, will meet studentsdaily for traininginVocal Culture.

NOTE—Thefirst year’scoursewill consistof 8, 4, 8 andsuch part of 5and7 as theinstructor shall think advisable; the secondyear’scourseof1,2,10, andonehourof5.

ROMANCE LANCUACES.

I. For Advancedand GraduateStudents.

MR. ELLIOTT.

1. Anglo-Norman French, (xii andxiii centuries).The Laws of William the Conquerorand Chardry’s Josaphaz

(Koch’s edition)will be takenup and studiedin their linguisticrelationsto Englishon theone handand to theFrenchproper,(Isle-dc-France),on theother. Literary history of theAnglo-Norman period. Weekly,throughtheyear.

2. Proven~al.Exercisesin Bartsch’sChrestomathieproven~ele,for thexiii cen-

tury language. Specialcomparisonof theold idiomswith themodernSouthFrenchdialects. Weekly,throughtheyear.

3. RomanceDialects.Spanishand Portuguese. Lectures. Practical exercisesin the

Languedoll dialects. Weekly,through theyear.

4. ComparativeGrammarof theRomanceLanguages.Lectures. Weekly,throughtheyecr.

5. Ladinian Idioms.Ulrich’s (Jhrestomathy. Weekly,first half-year.

6. Wallachian.Practicalexercises,with observationson thedialectdifferencesof

the language,and its relation to the other members of theRomanceGroup. Weekly,secondhalf-year.

7. FrenchPhilology.Brachet’sGrammairehistorique. FrenchPhonetics.

Twentylectures.

S. FrenchLiteratureof theMiddle Ages.Twentylectures.

II. French—For Undergraduatesand Beginners.

The usual classeswill be providedfor undergraduates.Announcementson this subjectwill be made at a later date.

130 [No. 24.

JUNE, 1883.] UNIVERSITYCIPOULAPS.

Ancient and Modern Languages (continued).


I. Greek.

Under the direction of ProfessorGildersleevethe advancedstudentsof Greek havebeenorganizedinto a Greek Seminary.According to the plan of theseminarythework of eachyearisconcentratedon someleadingauthor or someleadingdepartmentof literature. During the past yearthecentreof work hasbeenAristophanes.

In theseminaryproper, which met twice a week duringthe academicyear, the WaspsandtheFrogswereinterpretedby the membersin turnandall the plays except the Lysistratawere analyzedand introductorylecturespreparedhy different membersof the seminary. Studiesweremadein Aristophanicsyntaxand paperswerereadnotonly on syntacticaltopics but on the First andSecondPlutos,on Proverbs in Aristophanes,on Aristophanes’theory of comic art, on the characterof Kleon, on theproportion of chorus and dialoguein Aristophanes,on PhilonidesandKallistratos. Work begunthe precedingyear was carried on, notablyan elaboratestudyof the predicativeparticiple in Attic prose,of whichanabstractis givenin Circular No. 22. In connectionwith thework ofthe seminary,ProfessorGildersleeveconductedweekly readingsduringthe latter part of theacademicyear in the Fragmentsof the Old Atticcomedyand deliveredtwelve lectures on Greek metres with especialreferenceto Aristophanes.

Besidesthe Seminary course proper, ProfessorGildersleevedelivered thirty-two lectures on the ilypotactic Sentence,inter,pretedselect odesof Pindar, conductedtwenty-two exercisesintranslating at dictation from Greek into English and Englishinto Greek, and held a seriesof six conferenceswith undergrad-uate studentsin which the leading principles of Greekliteraryart were set forth, with illustrations drawn from the coursespursuedin theundergraduatedepartment.

A course in the comparative study of Greek inflections wasconductedby Dr. Bloomfield.

This was initiated by a courseof sevenformal lectures whose aim itwasto exhibit theprecisedegreeof certaintywhich attacheditself to themostimportant theoryof Judo-Europeanlanguage-history,namely, thetheory of agglutination, it wasshown that there are gravedifficultiesin its. way, but that on thewhole it afforded asyet the only satisfactoryexplanationpropoundedfor thephenomenaof our languagesin historicaltimes. Therestof thecoursewas carriedon under seminaryorganiza-tion; the origin and form of the verbalinflectional elementsbeingthesubjectwhich received most attention. Throughoutthe yearthis workwassupplementedby thelecturesof theinstructor.

Mr. Harris has conducted a class-coursein New TestamentGreek,twice weekly, through the year,and hasgiventwo publiccourses,one, of six lectures,on theGreekof theNew Testament,with an averegeattendanceof ‘13, aiid theother, of five lectures,on theEpistle to Diognetus,with an averageattendanceof 58.

Additional courseswereconductedduring theyearby:

ProfessorC. D .Morris, inPlato: Phaedo,four timesweekly,first half-year.Aeschylus:Prometheus;Euripides:~Vliedea,four timesweekly,second

half-year.

Dr Spieker,in

Homer: Iliad, xvi—xix, four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.Classesin GreekProseCompositionwere alsoconductedby eachof the

instructorsin connectionwith the coursesabovenamed.

Studentshave privately read for examination the followingbooks:

Xenophon: C’onvivium (3).Herodotus:Selections(3).Demosthenes:In Leptinem(3).Isocrates:Panegyricus(2).Plutarch: Themistocles(2).Aristophanes:Plutus (2).Sophocles:Electra (2).

II. Latin.

The Latin Seminary,underthedirectionof Dr. Warren,heldtwo sessionsa week throughout the year,the authorselectedforspecialstudybeingCicero, onehour weeklybeingdevotedto theOrations, andoneto the Letters.

A preliminarycourseof six lectureswas given on Cicero’s Life withspecialreferenceto his oratorical training and literary development. Itwas endeavoredto showthat certainmarkeddifferencesexistedbetweenthestyle andlanguageof theearlierandthe later orations andthelineswhich an investigation into such differencesmust follow were pointedout. The generalcharacteristicsof the epistolarystyle were discussed,anaccountgiven of the several collectionsof Cicero’sLetters, their dis-coveryin modern times, and theviews now heldin regardto the chiefmanuscripts. The orationsweretakenup in chronologicalorder,—moreparticular attention beingpaid to the Pro Publio Quinctio, pro IRoscioComoedo,in Cucilium Divinatio, in Verrem Actio Prima, pro Milone,andPhilippica II. Analyses of speecheswere preparedby membersoftheseminary; thecommentaryof Asconius to the pro Milone wascare-fully studied,and a largeportion of the pro Roscio Amerino wasmadethesubjectof critical interpretation. In theearlypart of theyearseveralof the moredifficult letterswere takenup, on which memberswere re-quiredto presentin turn a critical andexegeticalcommentary. Studentswereencouragedto do asmuchoutsidereadingaspossible,andaftersomeacquaintancehadbeen gainedwith thelettersof Cicero,theattentionwasmainly directedin the latter part of the year to the lettersof Cicero’scorrespondents. The letters of Sulpicius,Vatinius, Dolabella, Curius,Caelius,Plancus,and Marcelluswereassigne.dto different members,andthe resultsof detailed investigationsinto their peculiarities were em-bodiedin papersand presentedto theseminary. Paperswere also readduring the year on the characteristicsof Vulgar Latin andon variouspointsconnectedwith thesyntaxof Cicero’s letters.

Dr. Warren also lecturedweekly in the latter partof the yearto advancedandgraduatestudentson Historical Latin Grammar,with especialreferenceto the genesisof forms and to phoneticlaws.

Additional courseshavebeenconductedduring theyearby:

Dr. Warren,inCicerodeFinibus, weekly,first half.year.Lucretius,threetimesweekly,first half-year.Livy, four timesweekly,first half-year.Plautus;Terence,four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.

ProfessorC. D. Morris, inTacitus:Histories,four timesweekly,first half-year.Crowell’s Selectionsfrom the Latin Poets,fourtimesweekly,second

half-year.

Dr. Spieker, inCicero: TusculanDispulalions,threetimesweekly,first half-year.Horace,fourtimesweekly,secondhalf year.

Classesin Latin ProseCompositionwerealsoconducted-bycachof theinstructorsin connectionwith thecoursesabovenamed.

131

Xenophon: Cyropcedia,four timesweekly,flu-st half-year.

JOHNSHOPKINS

Studentshave privately read for examination the followingbooks:

Livy: Bks. vi, vii (1).Tacitus: Germanic,Agricola (1).C~esar:Civil War (7>Cicero: De Natura Deorumi (6)Quintilian: Bk. x (1).Pliny: SelectLetters(1).Ovid: (2).Vergil: Georgics (2).Horace: Epistlesi, ii, Ars Poetica (1).Terence: Phormio; Hautontim. (5).Lucretius: Bk. v (4).

Dc Senectute(8).

III. Sanskrit and ComparativePhilology.

In Sanskrit,one elementaryand threeadvancedcourseswereconductedby Dr. Bloomfield, who also instructeda beginners’classin Hebrewduring thesecondhalf-year.

After a coursein Whitney’s Grammar,thefirst partof Bojp’s Nalawasreadby the elementaryclass,which met twice weekly. One of thead-vancedclasses,meetingweekly, readtwo episodesof theKathksaritsagara.

A secondclass,meeting twice weekly, followed a courseintroductoryto theVedas. In the beginning a short courseof lectureswas givensketchingtheposition of theVedasin thehistory and literatureof India.Throughouttherestof theyeartherewerereadhymnsof the Rig-Vedacharacteristicof thelife, thereligion, andcustomsof theearliest Indianperiod. Particular attentionwasgiven to therelation of thelanguageoftheearliestVeda to that of thecommonor classicalSanskrit.

A coursein ComparativeGrammarof Sanskritwas carried on in thefollowing manner. Thesubjectchosenfor treatmentwastherepresenta-tion of thetwo Judo-Europeanseriesof gutturalsespeciallyin Sanskritbut withconstantreferenceto thenearerrelativesof theIndian languages,especiallytheZend,andtheGreek. The more important investigationson this subjectwere madethebasis of thediscussion,but thesewerecon-stantlysupplementedby thelecturesof the instructor.

A statementof thecoursein thecomparativestudyof Greekinflectionsis madeunderGreekabove.

The classin Hebrewfollowed a coursethroughDavidson’sgrammar,and afterward thereadingand analysisof the first chaptersof Genesiswereenteredupon.

IV. German.

AdvancedCourseswereconductedas follows:Gothic. Weeklyfirst half-year,and twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

Da. WooD.Old Hiah German. Twice weekly. Da. BRIGHT.Middle High German. Twiceweekly. Ma. RADDATZ.History of German Literature,consistingof lecturesin German.

On alternateSaturdays. Da. Woon.DeutscheStiliibungenand Essays. Monthly. MII. RADDATZ.Readingof theclassicalauthors. Four timesweekly. Da. BRIGHT.ProseComposition. Weekly. Ma. RADDATZ.GermanSyntax. Threetimesmonthly. MR. RADDATZ.

The Minor Course classeswere instructed by Dr. Wood andDr. Bright four times weekly.

Selectionswere read from Schiller’s, Goethe’s, and Humboldt’sProse, Dahn‘s Urgeschichte der gerrnanischenund romanischenVblker,Hodges’ScientfcGerman and Goethe’sEgmont,and oneexercisewasgiven weekly in grammarand prosecomposition.

Studentshavereadprivately for examination:Schiller’s Wallenstein(1), Tell (2), Neffeals Onkel (15).Gryphius’ PeterSquenz(1).Middle High German. Selectionsfrom Weinhold’s Reader(1).

V. Anglo-Saxonand English.

Dr. Wood has met two advancedclassesin Anglo-SaxonandEarly English, eachtwice weekly.

He hasreadwith them Sweet’sAnglo-SaxonReader,part of Cyne-wuif ‘s Elene, and Specimensof Early English, ed. Morris andSkeat,Pt. I. To thesameclasseshe alsolectured,once weekly,first half-year,on ComparativeAnglo-SaxonGrammar. In thesecondhalf-year,a secondhour weekly in Gothic (see Germancourses)was substitutedfor the weekly hour in Old-Saxonan-nounced.

Therewasalsoahi-weekly meeting of the advancedstudentsunder thedirection of Dr. Wood during thesecondhalf-year,atwhich paperswere read,brief reportspresented,andthecontentsof recentscientific journalsdiscussed.

Besidesthese,the following less advancedclasses,includingtheMinor Courseclasses,havebeenconductedby Dr. Wood.

Anglo-Saxonfor beginners. Weekly.Chaucer, ThePrologue,etc.,ed. Morris. qiwiceweekly,secondhalf-

year.Shakspeare,Macbeth. Weekly, first half-year.English Phonetics,Sweet’sHandBook. Weekly,first half-year.

Dr. Brownehasmet, twice weekly, aclass for reading worksby the best English Prose Writers. Selections from Burke,Fitz-JamesStephen,and Defoe have been read. Essayshavebeenwritten monthly by eachmemberof the class,andhavebeencorrectedandcommentedupon by the instructor.

VI. RomanceLanguages.

AdvancedCourseswereconductedby Mr. Elliott as follows:Old French—ThePassiondu Christ (x century) was taken up and

its mixed dialect characterparticularly studied in its linguisticrelations to both theProvenqaland Languedoll types. Twiceweekly,first half-year.

Old Franco-NormanDialect—The Vie deSaintAlexis (xi century)andWace’sRomande lieu (xii century) wereexamined in theirrelation to English and to the French proper. Twice weekly,secondhalf-year.

Provenqal.—Extracts from Bartsch‘s ChrestomathieProvenfalecon-fined to the xii century langua~ewith practical exercisesandspecialcomparisonwith the Latin andtheother Romanceidioms,in phoneticsandmorphology. Weekly,through theyear.

RomanceDialects—Lecturesand practical exercisesin theItalianand Provenqaldialects. Weekly,throughthe year.

Portuguese—OsLusiadasdeCam~eswas readwith specialreferenceto thelanguageof this periodas comparedwith theSpanishandLatin. Weekly,throughtheyear.

Italian—Dante. Twiceweekly,first half-ye r.Spanish—DonQuijote. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

Mr. MarcouconductedcoursesinOld French. Twice weekly,throughtheyear.FrenchLiterature. Weekly,throughtheyear.

Mr. MarconalsoconductedtheMinor Courseclassesin French,which riiet seventimesweekly.

ThereadingembracedFusteldo Coulanges,La CiM Antique; Elis6Reclus; MoliSre; Victor Hugo; etc., and therewas one exerciseweekly in grammarand prosecomposition.

Two public courseson French Literature, including twenty-two

lectures(in French), were given by Mr. Rabillon, with an aver-age attendanceof thirty-seven. He also conductedclassesinFrenchconversationand composition and in the rudiments ofFrench.

132 [No. 24.

JUN11, 1883.] UNIVERSITY(71110C/LAPS.

The JOHNS HOPKINS PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION has metmonthly as heretofore. Papers have beenread during the ses-

sion by

W. J. ALEXANDER, on Mathew Arnold’s poetrytest; participial pen-phrasesin Attic prose.

MI. BLOOMFIELD, on a searchfor functionaland dialectic differencesinthepresentsystemsof theVeda; Arthur C. Burnell and theTalavakLraBralimana; the generaltheory of Greekaccentuation;the etymologyof

J.W. BRIGHT, on a fragmentof theCura Pastoralis.A. M. ELLIOTT, on functional differencesof the pastparticiple in the

periphrasticperfectsof theLatin, old andmodernFrench.A. EMERSON,on the so-calleddying Alexanderof theUffizi Gallery.B. L. GILDERSLE ‘YE, on aestheticand grammar; on thesymmetrical

structureof the Pindaricodes.J. ZR. HARRIs, on the locality of the treatise of Palladiusde Agricul-

tura; “New Testamentautographs”; the normal forms of the PlinyandCiceroletters; noteson thestichometryof Euthalius.

133

H. C. G. JAGEMANN, on thesecondmutationof consonantsin French;somepointsin therelationsof theNorman dialectsto Englishpronuncia-tion.

P. B. MAncoT, on Frenchsyntaxasaffectedby thecultivation of style.C. D. MORRIS, on a probableerror in Plutarch; a note on the Chal-

kidians; on theAthenianjurisdiction over theallies.B. F. O’CONNOR. Reviewof ProfessorHarrison’sFrenchSyntax.E. H. SPIRICER,on theuseof h-t (or i=)in direct quotations.A. H. TOLMAN, on quantity in English verseand the useof the hex-

ameter; thelawsof tone-colorin theEnglishlanguage.M. WARREN, on the importanceof Latin glossarieswith special ref-

erenceto CodexSangallensis,912, Saec.vii—viri; on a Plautinepun.

The third volume of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PnILoLoGYhas been completed during the year, and the second number ofthe fourth volume is now in press.

HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.


I. Graduate and Advanced Courses.

1. Seminaryof Historical andPolitical Science.The Seminary, for the codperativestudy of American Institu-

tional History and Economics,is conductedby Dr. H. B. Adamsand composedof the Instructorsand advancedstudentsin thisdepartment. Two hoursweekly.

2. Sourcesof AmericanColonial History.This will be a class coursefor practical training in the useof

colonial laws, archives,and documentaryhistory of the olderstates of the American Union. The class will meet in thelibrary of the Maryland Historical Society by the courteouspermissionof the authoritiesof theSociety; particularatten-tion will begivento theState Papersof Maryland,which havelately been transferredfrom the Land Office at Annapolis.TheSocietyhasalwaysaccordedfreeaccessto its valuablecol-lectionsto studentsof the University. Onceweekly,Jlrsthalf-year.

3. ‘Sonreesof AmericanConstitutionalHistory.This course,like thepreceding,will beoneof practicalinstruction

in the useof original sourcesof American History, hut withspecial referenceto the ori~,in and developmentof the Consti-tution. Theclasswill meetin one of theroomsbelongingto theMaryland Historical Society, and will studythe political andeconomicquestionswhich heldthestatestogetherafter the closeof the American Revolution, together with other formativeinfluences,which led to the adoptionof the presentConstitu-tion. Onceweekly,secondhalf-year.

4. AdvancedCoursein Political Economy.This coursewill be conductedby Dr. ZR. T. Ely. The first half

of thecoursewill consistof lectureson the Principlesof Econ-omics, with special referenceto such practicalproblemsastheTariff, Codperation,Strikes, Immigration, etc. The secondhalf xviii compriselectureson Social Movementsin EuropeandAmerica during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Thriceweekly.

5. Taxationin America.Ten class-lectureswill be givenby Dr. Ely uponAmericanTax-

ation, with specialreferenceto Statesand Cities.

6. English Socialism.Four lectureswill be given by Dr. Ely on Social Movements

in Englandin the nineteenthcentury. This coursewill dealespeciallywith Robert Owen and English Communism,Anti-Corn-LawAgitation, Chartism,and Christian Socialism.

NoTE—Graduatesandadvancedstudentsareexpectedto havesufficientcommand of Frenchand Germanto enablethemto read historicalandpolitical works in those languages;persons deficient in this regard areadvisedto beginthestudyof thoselanguagesatonce. Classesin Frenchand German historical prose,also in Anglo-Saxon,will be in progressthroughthe year. Graduateswho so desiremay take any portion ofthe following courses;but undergraduateswill not beadmitted to anyof theadvancedcourses,exceptNo. 3, on American Constitutional His-tory, andNo. 6, onEnglish Socialism.

II. Undergraduate Courses.1. IntroductoryHistorical Course(requiredof all).

At matriculation,all studentsmust passan examinationin thegeneralhistory of EnglandandtheUnited States. After pess-ing this test, all undergraduatesarerequired to taketheIntro-ductoryHistorical Course,which comprises

(a) Txvelve Lectureson theOrigin of Civilization, by Dr. H.B. Adams.

(b) Twenty Class Exercisesin Physical and Historical Geo-graphy, with Dr. J. F. Jameson.

(a) History of Greeceand Rome,with Dr. J. F. Jameson.Twiceweekly,throughtheyear.

2. Two Years’ Coursein History.Five exercisesweekly.

FIRST YEAR:

(a) Livy.(SeeLatin courses,p. 129).

(5) Tacitus.(SeeLatin courses,p. 129.)

(C) Thucydides.(SeeGreekcourses,p. 128).

JOHNSHOPKINS

SECOND YEAR:

(a) Lectureson Early ChurchHistory, MediaevalEmpire,the Italian Renaissanceand the GermanReforma-tion, by Dr. II. B. Adams.

Twiceweekly,through theyear.

(b) ClassExercisesin FrenchandEnglish History, by Dr.J. F. Jameson.

Three timesweekly,throughtheyear.

NOTE—Eitherhalf of this two years’ coursemay count for a Minorcoursein History, provided theIntroductoryHistorical Coursehas beensuccessfullytaken. Thefirst half of the Major Coursein History consistsof one year’s class-workin Livy, Tacitus,and Thucydides,with specialreferenceto historical culture and literary form. This study of theoriginal sourcesof important periodsin Greekand Roman history, maybe pursuedin the same year as theIntroductoryHistorical Course,butthe second part of this Major Course must follow the Introductorycourse,although it may be taken without the classical course;in thiscase,aMinor in History can becounted.

3. Two Years’Coursein Political Science.Five exercisesweekly.

FIRST YEAR:

(a) Elementsof Political Economy,by Dr. R. T. Ely.Five hoursweekly,first half-year.

(b) HIstorical Systemsof Political Economy,by Dr. R. T.Ely.

Five hoursweekly,secondhalf-year.

NOTE—It is desirablethat studentswho proposeto follow this courseshould previouslyreadoneof thefollowing manuals: Cossa’sGuide tothe Study of Political Economy; Rogers’ Manual of Political Economy;or Mrs. Fawcett’sPolitical Economyfor Beginners.

SECOND YEAR:

(a) Elementsof RomanLaw.Onceweekly,first half-year.

(b) International Law. Bluntschli’s Code, with lectureson InternationalRelations,by Dr. II. B. Adams.

Threetimesweekly,first half-year.

(c) EnropeanConstitutions,by Dr. H. B. Adams.Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

(d) EnglishConstitution (Stubbs’ SelectCharters),by Dr.J. F. Jameson.

Onceweekly,throughtheyear.

(e) AmericanConstitution,by Dr. II. B. Adams.Onceweekly,secondhalf-year.

NoTE—Thefirst year of the courseis devotedto Political Economy,whichby itself countsasa Minor course,or which maybeco,nbinedwitha History Minor, thus constituting one Major coursein Historical andPolitical Science.

The secondyear of the coursein Political Sciencemay be taken byitself, or it maybecombinedwith oneyear of History.

A Minor courseof one yearin History or Political Sciencerequiresnot only successfulexaminationupon class-work,but theproductionofat leastthreeessays,which shall be subjectto thecriticism and approvalof the instructor in English, and which shall be read, in part, beforethe teacherof elocution. A Major courseof two years in History orPolitical Science,requires the production of six acceptableessays,andsuccessfulexamination upon suchcourseof outside readingas maybeprescribedin individualcases.

III. Library Facilities.

BesidestheUniversityLibraryof HistoricalandPolitical Science,otherlibraries,easyof access,aretheLibrary of Congress,thePea-

body Library (numbering seventy-ninethousandvolumes, andknown as “a library of research“)‘ theLibrary of the MarylandHistoricalSociety(especiallyrich in Arnericana),theLibraryof theBaltimoreBar(law reports),andtheMarylandEpiscopalLibrary(especiallyvaluablefor its original sourcesof churchhistory).

By theopeningof the nextacademicyear, thebookson Historicaland Political Sciencewill beplacedby themselvesin commo-dious rooms. The library, already fairly supplied with thestate papers,public documents,statutorylaw, codes,charters,municipal reports,etc., will he rapidly increasedby publica-tions coming from our national,state,and city governments.

IV. Publications.

The JohnsHopkins University Studiesin Historical and Politi-cal Sciencewill continueto bepublishedin theform of mono-graphs,but with somewhatwideningscope. While studies inLocal Governmentwill still find place,attentionwill bedirectedto City Governmentin America, and to certain topicsof eco-nomic aswell as institutional interest. A list of the numbersthus far publishedis givenbelow.


I. The Seminary.

This classof graduateand advancedstudentshasmet Fridayevenings throughout the year in two-hour sessions,under theguidanceof Dr. H. B. Adams,for original studiesin AmericanInstitutional andAmerican Economic History.

II. Historical and Political ScienceAssociation.

This includestheSeminaryandcertain gentlemennot directlyconnectedwith theUniversity, but co6peratingwith or aiding itswork in Historical andPolitical Science.

The associatemembersare a few lawyers, clergymen, teachers,archaeologists,andlocal historiansin Baltimore or Maryland;several non-residentprofessors,graduatestudents,and special-ists,togetherwith somewho have lecturedinformally beforetheAssociationor who have contributedto theUniversity Studies.

During thepastyearthefollowing gentlemenhave addressedtheAssociation: The Hon.John H. B. Latrobe,Presidentof theMaryland Historical Society; Hon. A. D. White, PresidentofCornell University; Dr. iI~’hilip Schaff, of Union TheologicalSeminary; the Rev. A. D. Mayo; the Rev. G. A. Leakin;ColonelWilliam Allan, Principal of MeDonoghInstitute; Dr.S. A. Harrison,of Easton,Md.; Hon.A. B. Davis, of Mont-gomery County, Md.; W. T. Croasdale,editor of The Day(Baltimore); Talcott H. Williams, of theeditorial staff of ThePress(Philadelphia).

III. Publications.

A special channelfor the publication of the best results ofSeminaryandAssociatioawork has beenopenedby theUniver-sity through the Studies in Historical and Political Science, aseriesof monographs,edited by Dr. H. B. Adams. The aim ofthis series is to combinekindred contributionsto Historical andPolitical Sciencein suchaway that individual studiesmaybecomemoreusefulby reasonof association,first; in numberedmonographsand, afterwards,in book-form. The specialfields thathavebeen

134 [No. 24.

JUNE, 1883.] UNIVERSITY CIRCULAI?S.

chQsenfor co-operativestudyareAmericanInstitutionsandAmer-ican Economics,both fields to be consideredfrom historical andpracticalpoints of view.

An Introductionto AmericanInstitutionalHistory waswritten fortheseriesby Mr. EdwardA. Freeman,who, duringhis visit toBaltimore in November1881,becameinterestedin thework oftheUniversity. Beginningin November,1882, the“Studies”have been issued every month: they include the GermanicOriginof New EnglandTowns,with ~ oteson Co-operationinUniversityWork,by the Editor; Local Governmentin Illinois,by Albert Shaw,A. B.; Local Governmentin Pennsylvania,byE. R. L. Gould, A. B.; SaxonTithing Men in America,by theEditor; Local Governmentin MichiganandtheNorthwest,byE. W. Bemis, A. B.; Parish Institutions of Maryland, byEdwardIngle, A.B.; Old Maryland Manors,by John John-son,A. B.; andNorman Constablesin America,by theEditor.

Someof the communicationsto the Seminary duringthe yearhavealsobeenprintedelsewhere. Two paperson Plymouth,byDr. H. B. Adams,appearedin theMagazineof American His-tory(December,1882,andJanuary,1883);in thesamemagazinefor April, 1883, werepapersby Dr. J. F. Jamesonand EdwardIngle, the one on Montauk, the other on Maryland Parishes.Dr. R. T.Ely’s paperon Moneywas publishedin theBanker’sMagazine,January,1883; and his lecture on the PrussianCivil Serviceappearedin theOverlandMonthlyfor May, 1883.Variousminorcommunications,notes,abstracts,reviewsof newbookshavebeenprintedin newspapersorcritical journals.

IV. The Library of Historical and Political Science.

The foundationof a speciallibrary of researchhas been,for thestudentsof Historical and Political Science,one of the mostimportantresults of the year, inasmuch as the prosecutionofSeminary work and contributions to the Studies are in greatmeasureconditionedby the characterand accessibilityof librarymaterials.

Thecollectionof State Laws and Colonial Recordsfor thestudyof AmericanInstitutionalHistory wasbegunin theinterestsofthe University five years ago. In 1882,provision was madefor the increaseof this collection andfor its establishmentin aseparatebuilding. At theopening of the last academicyear,theSeminarywasintrustedwith thechargeof all books relatingto its special fields of Historical or Political Sciencewhichbelongedto themain Library of theUniversity. In December,1882, this collection was greatly enlarged by the gift of thelibrary of Dr. J. C. Bluntschli, late professorof constitutionalandinternationallaw in theUniversityof Heidelberg,a libraryespeciallyrich in worksof Historical and Political Science,andcontaining about twenty-five hundred volumes, with threethousandpamphlets. Thecollection hadbeenpurchasedby theGermancitizensof Baltimore as a donationto the Johns Hop-kins University. This generousgilt wassoonfollowed by twolarge contributions of GovernmentDocuments,the first fromthe Departmentof the Interior, the second from the StateDepartmentat Washington.

V. Advanced Courses.

Class-lectureson the Sourcesof Early English History weregiven weekly by Dr. H. 13. Adams during the first half-year, andon ComparativeConstitutionalHistory (with Bluntschli’s “Lehrevom ModernenStat” as basis), duringthesecondhalf-year.

These lectures were given in the small lecture-room at thePeabodyInstitute, where,throughthecourtesyof theautbori-

tiesin charge,the privilege has’ beenenjoyed of exhibitingtothe classall available books andsourcesof information men-tioned in the lectures. These literary materialswere brieflydescribedand then referred to individuals for moredetailedexaminationat the Institute duringtheweek, eachman takingsomeone theme or original authority. Such study led to acourseof student lectures,the secondhalf-year, upon specialtopics connectedwith theclass-work.

Class-lectureson Finance and Administration, three hoursweekly throughoutthe year,havebeen given by Dr. R. T. Ely.

Particular attentionhasbeendevotedto theGeneralPrinciplesofBanking,and ij3ankingin the United States,to monometallismand bimetallism,andto taxation. Eachmemberof theclasshaswritten adescriptionof theNationalBankingSystem,basinghisessayon thebankinglaws,governmentdocumentsandsuchothermaterialas hecouldcommand. Paperson monometallismandbimetallismwerereadbeforetheclassby students,andwerefol-lowedby a discussion. Papershave beenwritten by studentsondifferent topics connectedwith the Financial History of theUnitedStates,astheFirst andSecondUnitedStatesBanks,theIncomeTax, NationalFinancesfrom 1861—5, etc. Beginningsof a seriesofpaperson financein stateand city havebeenmadeandwill becontinuedduringthecomingacademicyear. Apartfrom financial administration,attention has beengivento theCivil Servicein this andothercountries andto municipal gov-ernment.

Six public lectureswere given in Hopkins Hall by Dr. Elyupon the History of French and German Socialism, with anaverageattendanceof 110 persons.

These lecturesare now in press,and will be publishedin book-form by Harper andBrothers.

Four public lectureswere given by Dr. Adams before thePeabodyInstitute on Local Life andHome Institutions.

VI. UndergraduateCourses.

An Introductory Historical Coursewas given by Dr. H. B.Adams,assistedby Dr. J. F. Jameson.

This courseconsistedof twelve lectureson Oriental History byDr. Adams,and of class-instructionin theHistory of Greeceand Rome and of Early EuropQ,by Dr. J. F. Jameson,twohoursweekly throughouttheyear.

A Minor Coursein Modern History, for studentsof at leastone year’s standing, was conductedby Dr. Adams, five hoursweekly throughoutthe year.

The first part of this courseconsistedof lectures, essays,andexaminationson theItalian Renaissance,with Sismondi’sHis-tory of theItalian Republicsfor a class-book,and with a class-library consistingof Symonds,Burckhardt, Villari, Milman,Hallam, etc., for topical readingand reference. The secondpart of the coursewas devoted to a studyof the Reformationin Germany,Switzerland,France,and England,togetherwiththe Revolt of the Netherlandsand the Thirty Years’ War,with frequentoral and written examinations.

A Minor Course in Political Economywas conductedby Dr.R. T. Ely, five hoursweeklythroughouttheyear.

Thefirst part of this courseconsistedof anexpositionof thePrin-ciplesof Political Economy,with the work of JohnStuartMillas a basis. The secondpart wasa furtherdevelopmentof thissubject,togetherwith lecturesuponHistorical Systemsof Polit-ical Economy.

135

JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITYCIRCULARS.

PHILOSOPHY.


I. History of Philosophy and Ethics.PROFESSORG. S. MoRRIs, during thefirst half-year

1. Will lecture on the History of German Philosophy,withspecialreferenceto thedevelopmentfrom Kant to ilegel.

Three timesweekly.

2. Will direct a PhilosophicalSeminary,with Spinoza’sEthicsasthespecialsubjectof study.

Twiceweekly.

3. Will give four public lectureson theEthics of Social Rela-tions.

Probccblyin December.

4. Will also conducta coursein Ethics for undergraduates.(SeeUndergraduateCoursesbelow).

Booxa RECOMMENDED FOR PRELIMINARY READING.

Course1. EncyclopaediaBritannica,9thedition, Earticleson Descartes,Cartesian-lam, Leibnitz, Kant, Ficlite, Hegel); A. Seth, lOomKant to lIegel; E. Caird, ThePhilosophyefKent, (especiallythe HistoricalIntroduction); J. Watson,Kent endHis EnglishCritics; Kant,Gritique ofPieceReuson(in “Griggs’s PhilosophicalClas-sics,” Chicago, 1882); W. Wallace, The Legicof Beget (Prolegomessa);Seth andHaldane,Esseyain Philosophicel Ci-iticisin; K. Fischer, Geachichtedec sseuerenPhilosophie; Harms,Die Philosophieseit Kent.

Course 2. Studentsshouldhe providedwith a copy of the Latin text of Spino.la’s Ethics. TheTauchnitaedition (SpinoaseOpera,ed. C. Binder,Vol. I) issuggestedas convenient and inexpensive. Attention may he directed, pro-liininarily, to the hihitographyof the suhject in Ueherweg’sHistory of Phi-losophyand also to thefollowing: F.Pollock, S’pieoza,His Lifeand Philosophy;J. Martinean,A Studyof Spinose;J.G.[‘rat, Lethiquedo Spinosa,traduiteci annotle,Parts lend II~ (Paris1880-2); F.G. Hann,Die Ethik Spinosa’snod die PhilosophieDescertes’, (Innapruck,1875); G. Bnsolt, Grundailgeder ErlsenntnisatheorieendAletc~physilc~pinoza’s, (1875).

Course 3. II. Marion, La Solideriti morale; Aristotle, Politics and Economies;Hegel, Philosophie des Rechts; Trendelenburg,Naturrecht; E. Mulford, TheNation; Lieber, Political Ethics; P. Janet,La Eamille; Ferraa,Le Societisme,(Paris, liii).

II. Psychology,Etc.

DR. G. STANLEY HALL, during thesecondhalf-year

1. Will give a courseof at least two lecturesweekly, withcharts,experiments,etc., in PhysiologicalPsychology.

This courseis intendedonly for thosewho have takenthecoursein generalbiology, (including thestructureof thesenseorgansand brain), which will end beforethis coursebegins.

2. Will direct thework of thoseengagedin specialresearch.A certainnumberof tables(probablynot morethanfour) will be

provided for studentswho wish to engagein specialobservationandresearchin thefield of psychicalphenomena. Tothis privi-legethoseonly will beadmitted who arealreadyexperiencedinphysiologicalmethods. For permissionto use a tableapplica-tion shouldbemadeto Dr. Hall prior to January,1884. Fromthenature of the work comparativelylittle time daily can begivento it with advantage.

3. Will give acourseof at least two lecturesper weekon Psy-chologicalTheoriesandEthics.

This courseis designedespeciallyfor thosewho havesomefunda-mentalknowledgeof thehistoryof philosophyandethics. Pro-grainmesof practical work in this field will be preparedforthosewho maydesire.

4. Will direct a coursein Pedagogics.A weekly classin theprinciples of pedagogicswill be formed in

connexionwith lectureselsewhereannouncedfor thoseintend-

ing to teachin collegesandotherhigherinstitutionsof learning.A selectlibrary will beprovided,andeachmemberof theclasswill beexpectedto prepareanddeliverapaperon someappointedtopic.

5. Will give five public lectureson educationaltopics in suc-cessiveweeksduring thespring.

III. Logic.MR. C. S. PEIRCE.

1. Will give forty lecturesto graduateand special studentsupon GeneralLogic.

The coursewill follow the contentsof Mr. Peirce’sforthcomingtreatiseon logic. At leastonelecturewill be devotedto eachchapter,but the preferencesof theclasswill beconsultedin de-ciding upon the topicsof nine of thelectures. The distributionof topics in thechaptersis asfollows:Generalitie.~(5 chapters).Deductive Logic:

Non-mathematical(3 chapters).Algebraic (4 chapters).Otherwisemathematical(4chapters).

Indeectine Logic:Theory (9 chapters).Illustrations (6 chapters).

2. Will give specialcoursesor privatelessonsupon anybranchof thesubject in which anyof the graduatesor specialstudentsmay desireinstruction.

IV. Undergraduate Coursesin Logic, Ethics, andPsychology.

Undergraduateswill have the opportunity of following anyorall of thecoursesbelowmentioned. Similar announcementswillbe made in future years, so that eachundergraduatemay takepart of his philosophicalwork in one year and part in another.Examinationswill be held at thecloseof eachpart of thecourse.

1. Logic.Thirty lessons. ME. J. IR. HARRIS.Referencehooks: Whately, Elementsof Logic; Jevons,Lessons

in Logic; Mill, Systetnof Logic.2. Ethics.

Twelvebiographicallectureson leadingphilosophers,ancientandmodern. PRoFESSORG. S. MORRIs.

Referencebooks: Schwegler,Ilasedbookof theHistory of Philoso-phy; Ueberweg,History of Philosophy;Lewos,History ofPhil-osophy; Philosophical(Jlassicsfor EisgtishReaders,ed.Knight;GermanPhilosophicalGlassics,ad. G. S. Morris; EssylishPhil-osophers,ad. M(iller (Putnams).

3. Ethics.Twelve lecturesand exerciseson Practical Morals. Mr. J. R.

hARRIS.

4. Psychology.Twelvelessonson theRelation of theMind and Body. DR. G. S.

HALL.

5. Psychology.A courseof lectureson Mental Habits. (To be hereafteran-

nounced).

136 [JUNE, 1883.

The official publications of the Johns Hopkins University, consisting of the University Circulars, Annual Report, and AnnualRegisterwill be sent by mail for one dollar per annum. A list of the scientific journals published underthe auspicesof the Univer-sity will be sent on application.