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De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect

Chindine, S.

Publication date1999

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA):Chindine, S. (1999). De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect. in eigenbeheer.

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He TOJIbKO B 3K3HCTeHUHaJIbHOM, HO H B COÔCTBeHHO xyjIOyKeCTBCHHOM OTHOUjeHHH.

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ca c "BOJiHbHM UHKJIOM", a 3KCTpaTeKCTyajibHO - c JiHHHOCTbio AxMaTOBon: "Caiwo

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3aBepiUHBUJHHCH, HO He 0603HaHeHHbIH (jîOpMaJIbHO "BOJIHHH UHKJI" H Ha no3Ta,

(J)Hrypa KOToporo B co3HaHHH aBTopa HeoT/JtejiHMa OT aKMeHcranecKoro nepnoaa

coöcTBeHHoro TBopnecTBa. BepoaTHO, HMCHHO B /TByx 3THX HanpaBJieHHax H

üOJI>KHbl HaXO/JHTbCfl CMblCJIOBbie MOTHBHpOBKH UeHTpaJIbHblX 3Jie\ieHTOB

MaHAeJIbUITaMOBCKOrO CTHXOTBOpeHHfl.

Co;rep>KaTejibHbiM CTep>KHe\i "CoxpaHH MOIO penb HaBcerjra..." aBJineTca

Moaejib: HOBropoACKHe KOJioaubi->Ka3Hb KHfl3eH-->neTpoBCKaa Ka3Hb, nocjieao-

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ycTOHHHBO cooTHOcamyioca c MeTaTeKCTyanbHOH ceMaHTHKOM - CM. H3 "CTMXOB O

pyccKOÖ no33HH": M ôenoK Kpoeaebiù ôejixu Kpymam e cmpaiuHOM Konece [III, 68];

cp. B "CTHxax naMATM Aiiapea Bejioro": Hacmo nuuiemcn Ka3Hb, a mimaemcH

npaewibHO - necHb [III, 82] H noa . , - BnjiOTb flo caMonpoeKUHH TMna: Eufe neMHozo -

oöopeym Hpocmyw necenxy o ZJIUHHHUX oóudax M zyöu onoeou 30JibK>m [II, 152] 2.

üpHMepOM HeHBHOrO TpaHCnOHHpOBaHHfl CHTyaUHH Ka3HH H3 BHeTeKCTOBOM

peajibHOCTM B TeKCT MO)KeT cjiy>KHTb CTHXOTBopeHHe 1921 ro.ua "YMbiBajica HOHbio

Ha jBope. . ." , Kan ywe roBopmiocb, CBa3aHHoe, BepoaTHO, c n3BecTOe\i o

TparHHecKOH rnoejiM TyMMJieBa. 06pa3HbiH c rpon 3Toro TeKCTa, BO MHoroM

onpeaena iomero cneun(j)HKy MannenbiiiTaMOBCKOH IKWTHKH .HBa^uaTbix TOAOB,

OTHeTJiMBO nepeKJiHKaeTca c "Coxpami MOIO penb HaBceraa..."; cp. cooTBeTCTBeH-

HO: 3ee3ÔHbiù nyn - KüK conb na monope. Cmunem ôOHKCI C nonnbiMu KpciRMu.

Taem e öomce, cnoeno conb, 3ee3da, M eoda cmydenan uepnee [II, 35], - H: KüK soda e

HoezopodcKux xonoduax donotcna ôbimb nepna u cnaduMa, Hmoöbi e neu K PoMcdecmey

ompa3wiacb ceMbw nnaenuKOMu 3ee3da [III, 51]; cp.: [HeBiiH 1973]; [Ronen 1977].

Teivia Ka3HH B03HHKaeT H B reHCTHMecKH CBfl3aHHOM c "CoxpaHH MOK) penb

HaBceraa..." CTHXOTBopeHneM MapTa 1931 ro,na "3a rpeMynyio aoönecTb rpa^ymiix

BeKOB...", rjxe ee peajin3auna cxo/ma c aHanorHHHOH KOHCTpyKunen B "FIojnoÔHJi a

nee npeKpacHbin...": Hmoó ne eudemb HU mpyca, HU XJIUHKOü zpn3ubi. Hu Kpoeaeux

Kocmeü e Konece [III, 46], - HTO, B coneTaHHM c 6e3ycn0BHbiMH JiHHHOCTHbiMH

KOHHOTaunHMH, B03BpamaeT K MeTaTeKCTyaJibHOMy acneKTy TCMM Ka3HH.

Cßoe pa3BMTne TBopnecKaa JIHHHA noJiynaeT B npoTHBonocTaBJieHHH

"KHH3bH-TaTapBa", HanojiHaeMOM MeTaTeKcryajibHOH ceMaHTWKOH; TaK, B "aKMenc-

TOHecKoti" cTaTbe "O npnpoAe cnoBa" ManmeiibiiiTaM nnineT: Cmuxu u mpazeduu

AnneHCKOZo M03KH0 cpaenumb c depeeHHHbiMu yKpenneHUfwu, zopoduufcmu, Komopbie

ebiHocwiucb dciJieKO e cmenb ydenbHbiMu KHH3bHMu dnn 3aufumbi om nenenezoe,

naecmpeny xci3apcK0Ù HOHU [I, 221]. 0 6 p a 3 K H H 3 H noaBJiaeTca H B Apyroîî

nporpaMMHOH CTaTbe MaHßejibWTaMa - "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa": HOMenaerncn u

opzcmunecKuù mun noebix 63auMoomHomeHuü, censbieajoujux zocydapcmeo c

Kxsibmvpoù nanodoôue mozo, KüK ydejibhbie KHH3bx 6bmu C6n3ami c MOHcicmbipHMu.

KHH3bH depjKcinu MOHciamipu dm coeema [I, 213]. HaKOHeu, 3TOT >Ke o6pa3 ncnojib-

3yeTca npn npoHHMecKOH caMOxapaKTepncraKe B "ErnneTCKofi Mapne": KoMcipuK

3eeHen: - rnndume, mno cmcmocb co MHOù: H nocjiednuu ezunmRHUH - H ruiaKCUibuçuK,

necmxH, n.iacmyH - H McuiemKuü KHH3b-pacKopnKci !.. - H KHX3b neeesemn [II,

492]; cp. 6jiM3Kyio o6pa3HOCTb B craxoTBopeHHH 1922 ro^a : H He 3HCIK>, C KCIKUX nop

3ma neceHKCi Hmanacb, - He no neu nu uiypuium eop, KoMapuHbiù seenum KHX3b? [II.

39] \ CoBepuieHHO oco6yro CMbicjiOByio Harpy3Ky nojiynaeT B aaHHOM KOHTCKCTC

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"m a m a p c K a R " CHMBOJiHKa, Bbixoaamaa 3a paMKH co6cTBeHHO KOHKpeTHO-

HCTOpHHeCKMX KOHHOTaUHH. IlpOKHe BCerO, eK) HMnJIHHHTHO BBOJHTCH MOTHB

OBHJJTIJI (CM. B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1915 rcEia "Y Mopa ponoT crapnecKOH KHCJjapbi...".

y>Ke ynoMHHaBiiieMCH B CBH3H C aKMencTHHecKOH nepcneKTHBOH MaHuejibiiJTaMOB-

CKoro MHpa: M eowrn neu, u ôednue mamapu B zjiyxoù depeene xaMeunozo KpbiMci [I,

116]), HeaBHO npoeuHpyeMbiH MaH/iejibuiTaMOM Ha caMoro ce6a - CM. BapHaHT

CTnxoTBopeHMa 1916 ro.ua "He Bepa BOCKpeceHbH qy/jy...": H nepe3 oeudu cmennue

Tnuyncn e KciMeHucmbiü Kpbwi [I, 255]; cp. B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1933 ro#a "CTapbiH

KpbiM": Xonodhcin eecna. ronodHbiù Cmapbiù KpbiM . Oeuapxu HCI deope, HCI

py6uu{ax 3annambi, Taxoü ^ce cepeubxuü, xycawufuücx dbiM [III, 319]. KpoMe SToro,

cxo^HbiH o6pa3 ynoTpe6jieH B CTHXOTBopeHHH HOfl6pa 1933 rojxa: Tamapbi, ysóexu

u Henijbi x cede nepeeodnuxoe Mcdym [III, 76]; Tor.ua * e HanHcaHbi n

pnTMHnecKH TO)KnecTBeHHbie CTHXH "KBapTHpa THxa KaK 6yMara..." H "Y Hamen

CBHTOH MOJIO/JOKH...". o6lUHM CMblCJIOBbIM 3JieMeHTOM B KOTOpblX BblCTVnaeT

MOTHB COBpeMeHHOH nOSTy MOJIO/JOKH. B nepBOM TeKCTe OH SKCnJIHUHTHO

cooTHeceH c MOTHBOM Ka3HH (CM.: Ylpuceeiuux HCI luKOJibHOÜ cxoMeüxe Ynumb

meôemamb ncmaneù [III, 74]), npoeunpyeMOH B JiHiHOCTHbifi njiaH {JJaeau Mce c

moôoù, xax HO nnaxe, 3a ceMbdecmn nem nammamb [III, 75]); cp. MOTHB 6opb6bi BO

BTopoM TeKCTe (ôaio 6opb6y oôhxeu [III, 75]). CBH3b >Ke MOTHBa MOJIOAOKH C

"TaTapcKon" o6pa3HOCTbK) OTHeTJiHBO npocTynaeT B onymeHHofi CTpocj)e H3

CTHXOTBopeHHH JieTa 1931 r o a a "Cero/iHH MO>KHO CHHTb aeKajibKOMaHH..." (TO ecTb

H3 coôcTBeHHO "MOCKOBCKHX" CTHXOB. nocjiexiOBaBiiiHX 3a "CoxpaHH MOK) penb

HaBceraa..."), CTpoHuienca Ha pa3BHTHH o6pa30B cnHHbi, xpeÔTa H no3BOHOiiHHKa

(HTO COnOCTaBHMO C aHajIOrHHHbIM CeMaHTHHeCKHM KOMnJieKCOM, flBJUHOliniMCfl

CMbicjiOBbiM KapKacoM "CTHXOB o BeKe" Hanajia jiBaiJnaTbix TOäOB) : KciKoe nemol

Mo.iodbix paooHux Tamapcxue ceepxaioufite cnuHbi C deeuneexoù nonoexoù HCI

xpeômax, TauHcmeeHHbie y3Kue nonamxu M demcKue XMOHUIJU. 3dpaecmeyù,

3dpaecmeyù Mozyuuù HexpeiifeHuü no3eoHOUHux, C KomopbiM npoMcueeM ne eex, ne

dea!.. [III, 315] 4. 3 T O c6jiH>KeHHe coBepiueHHO Heo>KH/j;aHHO noBTopnTca B

"Pa3roBope o ^aHTe" npn KOMMeHTnpoBaHHH ceMHajauaTOH necHH "A/ja" (npn

TOM, lITO MaHiieJIbUJTaMOBCKHH KOMMeHTapHH BBO.HHT aHaJIH3HpOBaBUiyK)Cfl Bblllje

TeMy nojieTa, cooTHeceHHyio c uejibiM PHJJOM "aKMencTHHecKHx" MOTHBOB): /Ka^cda

nomma moMiuia u u3Hypnna nwdeù JJaHmoeoù spbi ne MeHbiue, neM OJIXUMUH. TO ôbui

zo.iod no pacceneHHOMy npocmpahcmey. Opuemnanun nomepnna. Hmezo ne euduo.

Bnepedu mojibKO mamapexan cnuna - cmpaumbiù xcmam repuonoeoù XOJKU [III.

232] 5. TaKHM o6pa30M. "TaTapcKaa" CHMBOJiHxa 0Ka3biBaeTca ÄByacneKTHOH, - c

O.HHOH CTopoHbi, OHa cjiy>KHT xuin BbipaAeHHH onacHoro, "HexpHCTHaHCKOro"

128

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Hanaj ia , x a p a x T e p i o y i o m e r o coBpewieHHyio n o s T y ^eHCTBHTejibHocTb (MeTac})opHHe-

CKMM OTpa>KeHMeM KOTOpOH CTaHOBHTCH o 6 p a 3 MOJIOaOKH - CO BCeM MHCTOo6pa3H-

eM ÖHOrpa(})MHeCKHX peaJIHH, B03HHKaK>lUHX E 3TOH CBH3H), H, C ÄpyrOH CTOpOHbl.

BbinonHaeT (})yHKumo conyTCTByiomero n p o u e c c y TBopnecTBa cj)OHa ( H T O ,

BepoHTHO, aonycTHMO HHTepnpeTMpoBaTb H M C H H O KaK cj)opMy OTo6pa>KeHHfl

B3aHMOOTHOIlieHHH HCKyCCTBa H peaJIbHOCTH). npOTHBOnOCTaBJiaeMblH

"TaTapcKOMy" Hanaj iy o 6 p a 3 K H J O C H MO>KeT noHHMaTbca KaK CBoero p o a a

Bonj iomeHHe H/xeajibHOH .apeBHepyccKOH rocy^apcTBeHHOCTM, HeoTTop>KHMOH O T

CBOeH KyjIbTypHOH, B TOM HMCJie H XpMCTHaHCKOH OCHOBbi; CM. B CTaxbe " O

npHpoz ie cjiOBa": Kozda npo3eyucuia Dtcueax u o6pa3Han penb "C/ioea o nojiKy

Mzopeee " - nacK603b ceemcKcin, Mupcmx u pyccKcw e KüMCöOM noeopome, - Hcmanacb

pyccKüH numepamypa [I, 220]; cp . B " C J I O B O H KyjibTypa": Kysibmypa cmcuia

Hepxoebio. Ylpoiaouuio omdejienue i\epKeu-Kyjibmypbi om zocydapcmea < . . . > , < . . . >

menepb ecHKuü KyjwmypHbiü nenoeeK - xpucmuanuH [I, 212] ; 3,necb >Ke CM. y>Ke

UHTHpoBaBuiHMCfl nacca>K H3 CTaTbM "CKpaÖHH H xpHCTMaHCTBo": XpucmuancKoe

ucKyccmeo ceoöoduo. 3mo e HOJIHOM cMbicjie 3tnozo cnoeci "ucKyccmeo padu

ucKyccmea". < . . . > BCH Hauia deyxmbicsmejiemHHH Kyjwmypa ecntb omnyiqeHue

Mupa na ceoôody - dun uzpbi, dnn dyxoeuozo eecenbn [I, 202 -203] .

B TaKOM CMbICJIOBOM OKpy>KeHHH nOHBJIfleTCfl B03MO>KHOCTb JU1H paCCMOTpe-

HHH "H O B r o p o a, c K O H " o6pa3HOCTH " C o x p a H H MOK) p e n b HaBcer.ua. . ." H M C H H O

c MeTaTeKCTyajibHOH TOHKM 3peHHïi ( T O ecTb juin BKJHOMCHHîI ee B Ty nepcneKTHBy.

KOTopaa, B nacTHocTH, C O O T H O C H T C H C 4>HrypaMH AxMaTOBoH H XneÖHHKOBa). TaK,

B "j iHTepaTypHofi" m a ß e " I U y M a BpeMeHH" - "B He n o HHHy öapcTBeHHOH u jy6e" ,

BBO/w noHHTHe JiHTepaTypHOH 3JIOCTH, MaHaej ibiHTaM nnu jeT : 3numcn .numepamop-

pa3H0HUHeif e ne no HUHV ôapcmeeHHOù iuy6e. Hoezopodifbi u ncKoeimu - eom

mciK Mee cepdunucb na ceoux UKOHCIX < . . . > . Mncucmbie jiuifa u öopodbi cnopufUKoe,

oôpaufeHHbie K coôumuio c 3Jio6HbiM yduejienueM. B HUX nydumcn MHe npoo6pci3

numepamypHoü 3Jiocmu [II, 387]; KCTaTH, H M C H H O B CBH3M C 3 T H M HOHHTMCM

noHBJiaeTCH y)Ke uHTMpoBaBiiiHMCH nacca)K, c HeoöbiKHOBeHHOH HOJTHOTOH BÖHpaw-

LUHH B c e 6 a KJnoneBbie MMH(})OJioreMbi" C T H X O B /œazmaTbix-HaHaj ia TpH/maTbix

r o a o B . " H o B r o p o j C K a a " o6pa3HOCTb B03HHKaeT H B n p e a i n e c T B y i o m e H "B He n o

HHHy öapcTBeHHOH i i iyöe" rj iaBe "LLIyMa BpeMeHH" - "CeMbfl CHHaHn" , c u e OHa

CMbiKaeTca c TaTapcKOH T C M O H B onncaHHH E o p n c a CHHaHH: Mamb öbuia pyccKOÜ,

a CuHciHu - KapauMbi-KpbiMHaRu. He omcwda siu deoucmeennocmb ezo OöJIUKCI: u

HoezopodcKuù pyccKuù McuibHUK, u HepyccKCiR zopöuHKci, u 3onomucmbiü nyiuoK KOMCU

KpbiMCKOzo HCiôana [II. 377] . A H a j i o r n H H o e c6jin>KeHHe zœyx HCTopHKO-KyjibTypHbix

Hawaji npoHCxo^HT H npw H3o6pa>KeHHH B . B . r n n n H y c a : cnymnux MOü pci3eecejiwicx

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ne na uiymKy u, 3anaxnyetuucb e He no nuny êapcmeennyio uiyôy, noeepnyji KO une

pyMHHoe, KOJiwnee, pyccKO-MomojibCKoe jiuifo [II, 386]. XapaKTepHO, HTO B O6OHX

cjiynanx penb H£eT o JIKMIHX, CbirpaBUJHX, no npH3HamiK> caiworo MaHaeJibiiiTaMa,

HCKJBOHHTejIbHyiO pOJIb B (J)OpMHpOBaHHH erO MHpOB033peHHH; CM. o CHHaHH: OH

6bi36cuicn öbiinb MOUM ymuneneM, u H ne noKudcm ezo, noKyda OH 6bui Jicue, u xodwi 3a

HUM, eocxuiueHHbiù HCHOcmbK) ezo yjvia [II, 377]; cp. o rHnnnyce : BjiacTb oueHOK B.B.

AJIHTCH Ha.no MHOH H nocefi iac [II, 391] 6. C M . xapaKTepncTHKy Eopnca Ky3HHa B

rjiaBe "MocKBa" "IryTeuiecTBHH B ApMeHHio": Ebuio e eac mno-mo, MOü dpyz,

zodynoecKO-mamapcKoe [III, 192], - ynnTbiBaa TO MecTO, KOTopoe 3aHMMan STOT

HenoBeK B cynbôe MaH^ejibiuTaMa c Ha'iajra TpH^uaTbix TO^OB; cp. B nepHOBbix

HaöpocKax K "IlyTeiijecTBMO B ApMeHHio" 6ojiee "cno>KHbiH" cnynafl coe,nHHeHHH

xpHCTMaHCKoro H a3HaTCKoro Hanaji: AH.B.JJ., nodnne HO. Menn cxopônoe MHCucmoe

.luHUKo u3MyneHHOzo e npuKcaax nocosibCKOzo dbHKCi, coöpae eao sciMopacyio

yôedumenbHOcmb Mocxema, noôbieaeuiezo e MHöUU, 63dee eopoHbJO ôopodKy... [Ill,

379], OflHOBpeMeHHO C 3THM, B CBH3H C JIHHHOCTbK) CHHaHH nOflBJWeTCfl B "LLIyMe

BpeMeHH" o6pa3 HoaHHa KpecTHTejw, HecyiuHH B ce6e ceMaHTHKy Ka3HH H

conojiaraKmHHca c MOTHBOM uzpu B CBaÜKy: He mo pyccKuü McuibuuK, uzpaioiuuü

e ceaÙKy, ne mo umcuibRHCKuü MOCIHH Kpecmumenb [II, 377], - nyTb #ajiee TpaHccjJop-

MHpyiOmHMCfl B MOTHB Hrpbl B ropOßKH, KOTOpblH 0(j)OpMIIHeT TCMy HeCTOJHOÖHfl H liecTH: "BOüHCI u Miip" npodojiwaiomcfi. HciMOKiuue KpbLibfi cnaeu öbwmcx e cinemio:

u Hecmo.inöue, u ma Mee McaMcda necmu! YMupan, Eopuc ôpedita TeMbi Heem H cnaBbi.

HenocpcucTBeHHO B CBA3H C B03HHKHOBeHneM TeMbi H e c m u noHBJiaioTCH

ocHOBaHHJi juw pacuiHpeHHa paccMaTpHBaeMoro KOHTeKCTa H, B nacTHOcra.

B03MO/KHOrO BKJIIOHeHHfl B HerO COÖCTBeHHO aKMeHCTHHeCKOH npo6jieMaTHKH B

TOM BH/ie, B KOTopoM OHa cymecTBOBajia B xyao>KecTBeHHOM MHpe MaH^eTbUJTaMa

K Hanajiy .nBajmaTbix roziOB. Tax, B "ErnneTCKOH MapKe" MaH^ejibuiTaM nHiueT:

Ecmb meMHüH, c dememea udyuçax zepa.ibdiiKa npaecmeeHHbix noHmnuü: uieapK

pa3dupaeMozo no.ionma MOMcem 03nanamb neemnoemb u xo.iod MadanonaMa

c6Rmocmb [II, 472], - HTO, BepoaTHO. Kan y>Ke OTMenanocb Bbiiiie. cjiy>KHT aBTOKOM-

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MeHTapMeM K (})HHajibHbiM CTpoKaM cTHxoTBopeHHa "HeT, He MHrpeHb, - HO no^afi

KapaH^auiHK MeHTOJioBbifi..." (npaMO npexuiiecTBOBaBiiiero "CoxpaHM MOM penb

HaBcer^a..." no BpeMeHM HanwcaHHH): Hem, ne Muzpenb, - HO xonod npocmpancmea

öecnonozo, Ceucm pci3pbieaeMoù Mapnu [III, 50]; ocoôeHHO HHTepecHO TO OöCTOHTC-

JlbCTBO. HTO BapHaHT 3TOrO CTHXOTBOpeHHfl COJiep>KHT MOMeHT BOCKpeUJeHMH,

OTCbuiaiomnH, B nacTHOCTH, K MaHiiejibiiJTaMOBCKOM H^ee no3TH iiecKoro

öeccMepTMJi (nojipoÖHee paccMaTpHBaeMofi aajiee B CBH3H CO "CraxaMH o

HeH3BecTH0M coimaTe"): CoHHbiM oÔ3opoM H jfcu3Hb eocxpeiuaw [III. 311]. Cp .

noHBJieHHe o6pa3a My>KecTBa B 6JIM3KOM KOHTeKCTe "MeTBepTOH npo3bi": H 6bi 63nn

c coôoù MVMcecmeo e otcenmoü conoMennoù Kop3um c i\e.ibiM eopoxoM naxnyufezo

ufe/ioKOM öejibx [III, 172], - npH TOM, HTO B cjieaywiuefl rnaBe B03HMKaeT CTpOKa H3

CTHxoTBopeHHa EceHHHa {...He paccmpejiuean necnacmnux no meMHuiçaM), xapaKTe-

pH3yeMaa MaHüenbUJTaMOM KaK: npexpacHbiu pyccKuü cmux, Komopuü n ne ycmany

meepdumb e MOCKoecKue HOHU, om Komopozo KüK naeaoKdenue paccbinaemcn pozaman

nemicmb : OH nono3bfwu nuiuem no cnezy, OH KJHOHOM eepeiuum e 30MKe, OH

Mopo30M cmpenxem e KOMHcimy . Bom cimeoji eepbi, eom nosmunecKuü KüHOH

Hcicmomyezo nucame.ix [III. 173], - HTO ojiHOBpeMeHHO OTCbinaeT M K "3HMHeMv"

ceMaHTHHecKOMy KOMiuieKcy MaHAejibWTaMOBCKOH MO.ae.iiH MHpa, H K paccMOTpeH-

HOM Bbime xapaKTepHCTMKe "rpa>KnaHCKHx" CTHXOB HeKpacoBa; cp. ocno>KHeHHe

"3HMHeH" H "n3B03HH4beH" MeTatj)opHKH o6pa3aM npaB^bi: nemepôypzcKuù

U3603HUK

ne nponadem co ceouM ôaôbuM KoiuejibKOM, )>3KUMU, KCIK npaeda, nono3bHMu [II,

485]. OüHOBpeMeHHO c STHM, npnBe^eHHbifi (|)parMeHT "EnineTCKOH MapKH"

cjie^yeT cpa3y 3a ynoMHHaHneM Ka3aHCKoro coöopa, cue npodbipnejienHbiu eo3dyx

nepen u cjiadoK [II, 472], - HTO o^HOBpeMeHHO OTCbinaeT H K "Coxpami MOM penb

HaBcer/ia..." (cp.: TCIK eoda e HoezopodcKux KOJiodi^ax dojioKua ôbirm nepHci u

cnadima [III, 50]), H K conojiaraeMOMy c (jwrypOH CnHaHH MOTHBy BOMHbi 1812

rojia, - ecjin HHTepnperapoBaTb H3o6pa)KeHHe Ka3aHCKoro co6opa Kan HaMeK Ha

xpaHHiuHeca B HeM BoeHHbie 3Ha\iena (cp. rjiaBy "PeGanecKMH HMnepHajiM3M": e

KcacmcKuù coôop, necMompn na maôcmnbiù cyMpax ezo ceodoe u dbipnebiù nec 3HOMeH,

H ne eepun HU HCI zpoiu [II, 350-351] 7). B CBOKD 04epe.zu>, Teiwa necTM BBway CBO^H

COOTHeceHHOCTH C MOTMBaMH COBeCTH, npaB^bl H Cyaa, B03BpamaeT K CTHXaM

nepBOH nojioBHHbi ABaauaTbix roaoB (H B TOM HHCJie - K aKMewcTHMecKHM H

C06CTBeHH0 "ryMHJieBCKHMH" KOHHOTaUHHM 3TMX nOHHTHH) M, B HaCTHOCTH, - K

CTHXOTBOpeHHK) "YMblBajICH HOHbK) Ha £BOpe...", CO,Hep}KameM MOTHBbl COBeCTH ( / /

seMJin no coeecmu cypoea [II, 35]) H npaBübi (npn TOM, HTO nocjiejHHH coezu-iHeH c

o6pa30M xoJicTa, OTCbiJiaiOüiHM He TOJH-KO K npnBejeHHOMy c|)parMeHTy

131

http://MO.ae.iiH

necHH "Afla": Hume npaedu ceeotcezo xojicma Bpnd nu zde omumemcn ocnoea [II,

35]). Bee 3TO no3BOJweT c aocTaTOHHOH CTeneHbio MOTMBHpoBaHHoera HHTepnpe-

THpoBaTb o6pa3bi BO^bi H OTpa>KaiomeHCfl B Heft 3Be3Abi H3 "Coxpami MOK» p e i b

HaBceraa..." BHe npaMofl 33BHCHMOCTH OT HOB03aBeTHOH CHMBOJIHKH (KaK STO

ne.iaeT öojibiiiHHCTBO coBpeMeHHbix HcancnoBaTejieH .aaHHoro TeKCTa): cyiuecTBO-

BaHHe B MaH^ejibiiJTaMOBCKOH CHCTeMe HpaBCTBeHHbix ueHHOCTefi TaKoro noHHTna

KaK McecmoKux 3ee3Ö conenbie npuKci3bi [II, 36], - B coneTaHHH c Koppejumnefi

o6pa3a cojiH c KaTeropnefi COBCCTH (CM. ywe ynoMHHaBiueeca: M, aioeno curuuom

cojib MoiqeHOK) dopozou, Beneem coeecmb npedo MHOü [II, 51]), BbiBO^HT Ha

CMbicjiOByio noBepxHOCTb Teiviy necra H HCCTHOCTH, noHHMaeiviyio H B 3K3MCTeHUHa-

JibHOM, H B coôcTBeHHO MeTaTeKCTyajibHOM acneKTax. Cp . onpejejieHHe

JiHTepaTypHOH 3JIOCTH (H OKpy>KaiomHH ee KOHTCKCT, no^poÖHO paccMOTpeHHbifi

Bhiuie): Tbl npunpaea K npecnoMy xneöy nonuManbR, mbi 3azo6opiuuifKcw cojib [II,

387]; 3«ecb >Ke CM. TeMy OTKa3a OT jiMTepaTypHOH no^eHiuHHB B "IlojiHOHb B

M O C K B C POCKOUJHO 6y,nnjiHCKoe jieTO...", o(])opMJiaeMyio BOCHHOM MeTacj)opHKOH:

Mu yMpeM, KüK nexomuHifbi, Ho ne npocnaeuM HU xumu, HU nodemuuHbi, HU .IDKU [III.

53], - H BBCMwmyio aHajiH3HpyeMyio jiajiee TeMy äOCTOHHOH, BUCOKOH CMepTH

xyao>KHHKa; B 3TOM ace TeKcre coaep>KHTCH H OTCbinKa K o6pa3y oae»ca.bi (TO ecTb

nojiOTHHHO-TKaiiecKOH nepcneKTHBe co BceM MHoroo6pa3HeM ee ceMaHTHiecKHX

KOHHOTaUHH). BblCTynaiOmeH B HBHOM 3K3HCTeHUHaJIbHO-JIHHHOCTHOM CMbICJIOBOM

oöpaMJieHHM: H nenoeeK snoxu MocKeomeex, - CMompume, KüK HCI Mue monopiuumcn

nudoKciK, KOK H cmynamb u zoeopumb yMeml Honpoôyùme Mena om eeKa omopeamb -

Pynawcb eoM - ceóe copeeme mem [III, 53]. HaKOHeu, Hejib3fl He ynHTbiBaTb n TOT

(J)aKT, HTO cj)parMeHT o Ka3aHCKOM coöope npe^iuecTByeT onncaHMK) cueHbi

nocemeHHa FlapHOKOM napHKMaxepa, - npH TOM, HTO "napuKMaxepcKaa" TeMa B

xyjo)KecTBeHHOM MHpe MaH^ejibiiiTaMa aoBOJibHO ycTOH4HBO CBJObiBaeTca c

MOTMBOM Ka3HH (CM.: [THMCHHHK 1984: 70]; cp.: [ I I IHHJIHH 1994b: 90]; cp.: - He

zopmo? - cnpautiwan ezo napuKMCixep, HO OH monbKo MCMypwicn u znyöoKe

yxodun e MpciMopnyw nnaxy yMbiecuibHUKCi. - H KponuHbn Kpoeb nod MOxnambiM

nonomenueM cozpeecuiacb MZHoeenno [II, 472].

YnoMHHaHHe B paccMaTpnBaeMOM KOHTCKCTC B CBH3H C (j)nrypoH Eopiica

CHHaHH HMeHH MoaHHa KpeCTHTeJIÜ MOVKeT CJiy>KHTb KOCBeHHOH OTCHJ1KOH K

MOTHBv OTceneHHOH rojioBbi M TOMv KOMnjieKcy accouHauHM, KOTopbifi OKpy>KaeT

ero H B MaH^ejibiiJTaMOBCKOM xyjioAecTBeHHOM MHpe, H B TBopnecTBe aKMencroB

Booôme s. BcTpanBaioaieecH B 3TOT CMbicnoBOH KOMnneKC CTHXOTBopeHHe

" O V T ö O J I " 1913 ro.ua H BapbnpyroiUHH ero "BTopoH cj)yT6oji" co,nep>KaT, KaK y>Ke

roBopnjiocb Bbiuie. onncaHHJi aeTCKOH cnopraBHOH Hrpbi (nepBbifi - MeTac|)opHHec-

KOe. a BTOpOH - HHCTO peajIHCTHHeKOe). HTO B03BpaUjaeT K MOTHBy Mrpbi B

132

http://ro.ua

ropo^KM, noHBjmiomeMycfl B coBnajaiomeM no BpeMeHH craxoTBopeHHH "CnopT":

M demcKozo KpoKema MOJiotnKU, M ceeepmie HCIUIU zopodKU [I, 88]. Bn,aoH3MeHaeMbiH

B CHTyaurao "THnojiorHHecKM" 6JIH3KOH Hrpbi B 6a6KH B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1916 r o a a

"Ha po3BajibHax, yjioa;eHHbix COJIOMOH..." aaHHbifi MOTHB oÔHapy>KHBaeT CBOIO

rnyÔHHHyK) CMbicjiOByio CB5i3b c TCMOH BpeMeHH H HCTOPHH - CM.: A 6 Yzjiune

uzpawm demu e 5CI6KU [I, 121], - c .najibHeniueH caMOHjieHTH(j)HKaHHeH aBTopa c

KOHKpeTHbiM HCTopHHecKHM nepcoHa>KeM (H HeH36e>KHbiMH B TaKOM cjiynae

nyilIKHHCKHMH aCCOUHaUHflMH). CoBepUieHHO OTHeTHHBa 3Ta CBH3b B "HaïuejiiiJHH

no^KOBy" 1923 ro^a : Ulopox npoôezaemno depeebtw 3ejieuoù nanmoù, JJemu uzpawm

e ôaÔKii no360HKOMu yMepiuux MCueomHbix. XpynKoe nemoucHucnenue uaiueü spbi

nodxodum K Konuy [II, 44], - npnneM cjmHaji 3 T oro TeKcra B H3BCCTHOH CTeneHH

MO>KeT nOHHMaTbCfl KaK HMnJIHKaUHH TeMbl Ka3HH, nepeHOCHMOH B

xpoHOJiorHHecKHH nnaH c ero " O ö I C K T H B H O H " .apyacneKTHOCTbio - "Ka3Hfliuero"

BpeMeHH (TO eCTb KOHKpeTHOH HCTOpHHeCKOH peaJTbHOCTH, Bpa>KHe6HOH

jinpHHecKOMy r e p o w TeKCTa) H "Ka3HH" BpeMeHeM (TO ecTb nocTeneHHbiM

VMeHbineHHeM, coKpameHHeM >KH3HeHHoro cpona repoa) : BpeMX cpe3ciem Mena, KCIK

Monemy. M MHe yoK He xeamaem Mena COMOZO [II, 45]. B no,zrTBep>KjieHHe öojibujefi

BepoflTHOCTH BToporo, MeHee "HH/mBHjiyajiH3HpoBaHHoro" 3HaneHHH o6pa3a

Ka3HH BpeMeHeM CM. xpoHOJiorHnecKH ÔJHOKoe CTHXOTBopeHHe: XOJIOöOK ufeKonem

meMH, M nejib3H npu3HCimbCR edpyz, - M Mena cpe3aem epeMX, KCIK CKOCUJIO meoù

KCi6nyK [II, 38]; xtOBOJibHO npo3paHHaa HMnjiHKauHfl B aaHHOM cjjparMeHTe MOTHBa

Ka3HH nojKpenjiaeTcn pa3BHTHeM TexcTa, ABHO BBOASIUHM xaTeroprao CMepTH c

HCKJHOHHTeJIbHO BaXHblM B paCCMaTpHBaeMOM KOHTeKCTe MeTaTeKCTyaJIbHblM,

TBopnecKHM acneKTOM: Budno, dapoM ne npoxodum LUeeenenbe 3tnux zyô, M

eepmuHCi Konoôpodum, OôpeueHHan na cpyô [II, 38]; xpoMe TOTO, HTO 'cpy6' B ̂ aHHOM

cjiynae MO>KCT noHHMaTbca KaK OTrnarojibHa» (j)opMa OT 'cpyÔHTb', OH He MO/KCT He

accoHHHpoBaTbCH c o6pa30M cpy6oB H3 "CoxpaHH MOK> penb HaBcerzia...".

OjiHOBpeMeHHO c 3THM, H juin dpyrßojia 0Ka3biBaeTca B03MO>KHbiM ycTaHOBJieHHe

peayHHpOBaHHOH CJJOpMbI COOTHeceHHH C KaTerOpnefi BpeMeHH H KOHKpeTHblMM

npHMeTaMH anoxn - CM. B rJiaBe "3pej)ypTCKaa nporpaMMa" "LUyMa BpeMeHH":

KCIKCW cMecb, KCIKCIH npaeduean ucmopunecKan pci3Hozojiocuua JKUJICI e Hcaueü lUKone,

KaK MHozo ucmopuu ôwiocb u mpenbixcijiocb eosjie memaueecKoù opan^cepeu HCI

Kypbux HOMCKcix u neiuepnozo (pymôonal [II, 375]. XapaKTepHO H TO

o6cTOHTejibCTBO, HTO cjieayiomHH 3a 3THM (j)parMeHTOM nacca>K co,nep>KHT

npoTHBonocTaBJieHHe pyccKoro H aHrnHHCKoro Hanau (B03Bpamaiomee.

B HaCTHOCTH, K paCCMOTpeHHOH BblUie "aHrJIHHCKOH" TeMe).

CTpoameeca Ha oTHOiueHHH K caMOCTOATejibHOMy "noJiHTHne-

133

CKOMy" MbiLUJieHHK): Hem, pyccKue MCIJIöHUKU ne anznunane, ux ne eo3bMeiub HU

cnopmoM, HU Kunnuenoù eodoù cciModenmenbHocmu. B coMyio meruiunHyu)

pyccKym uiKOJiy eopeemcn MCU3Hö C HeoMcudciHHbiMii unmepeccmu u 6yÜHbiMu

VMcmeeHHbLMu 3aoaeciMu, KOK odnciMcdbi ona eopecuiacb e nyiuxuHCKuü Jluueü [II, 375].

KpoMe Toro, HTO aaHHbifi nacca>K B B O J H T nyuiKHHCKyio Teiuy, OH cojiep>KHT

npHMoe npoTMBonocTaBneHHe, ycjioBHO roBopa, HHTejuieKTyajibHoro H

(JM3HHecKoro Hanaji, KOTopbie CBoeo6pa3HO coeaHHHTbCH B cne,nyiomeH rnaBe

"IUyMa BpeMeHH" B CBJOH C JiHHHOCTbio CHHaHH: rnaenoù ocoôennocmbio doMci

CUHüHU öbino mo, Htno n HCI36CUI 6bi scmemuKoü y Ma. /J/ix smux modeii y M

6bui oduoepeMeHHO padocmbw, 3dopo6bëM, cnopmoM u nonmu penuzueü. MeoKÖy meM

xpyz yMcmeeuHbix unmepecoe 6bui eecbMci ozpanunen . Cxymm smoü doMauineü

MbicjibK), Eopuc 3cmumbi6ancR cydeÖHbiMu penciMu Jlaccajia, uydecHO nocmpoeHHbiMu,

npenecmHbiMu u McuebiMu, - smo öbuia yztce nucmax scmemwca yjna u Hacmonuiuu

cnopm [II, 379-380], 0 6 p a 3 cj)yT5ojia BHOBb B03HHKaeT B c raxax BTopofi nojiOBiiHbi

TpnnuaTbix ro,noB B npaMOH CBH3H C TCMOH Ka3HM, HMeioiueH BnojiHe peajincTnnec-

KMe HCTopniecKMe KOHHOTauiiH, - CM. "CraHCbi" 1937 ro^a : Bom "Tlpaedbi" nepeax

cmpciHuua, Bom c npuzoeopoM nojioca. JJopoza K CmcuiuHy - ne CKCI3KCI, HO monbxo -

DKU3Hb 6e3 }'Kopu3H: 0ym6oji - dnx Monodozo óacKa [III, 142] 9. Bo3Bpama>icb K

MOTMBy nrpbi B ropoAKH (H 3KBMBaJieHTHbix eiviy Hrp B 6a6KH, CBaHKH, JianTy),

cjie^yeT oTMeraTb, HTO BKJUoqawmHeca B Hero 3HaneHHfl "pyccKOCTH", onacHOCTH,

CMep™ M conpHHacTHOCTH nepeJiOMHofi HCTopHHecKofi anoxe MoryT 6biTb

onocpeaoBaHHO aonojiHeHbi cooTHeceHHOCTbio c o6pa30M r o p o a a , npe>Kne Bcero -

B CHJiy cj)OHeTHHecKOM 6JIM30CTH 3TMX cjioB lu; cp., HanpMMep, y>Ke npMBoaHBiueeca

ynoao6jieHHe TBopnecTBa AHHeHCKoro aepeBHHHbiM yxpenjieHHHM, ropo^nmaM.

B03MOAHO, ceMaHTHKa nocjieaHHX 0T3biBaeTca H B o6pa3e cpyöoB B "CoxpaHH

MOK) penb HaBcer^a..." (marne dpeMynue cpyóbi [III, 51]), TCM 6ojiee, HTO 3TOT o6pa3

B xy^oxecTBeHHOM C03HaHMM MannejibuiTaMa 0Kpy)KeH OTneTJiHBbiM "KyjibTypo-

JiorHHecKHM" opeojioM - CM. "/JeKaöpHCT": Hecmonwóuebiu COH OH npoMenxn na cpyö

[I, 127]), - H "cHHOHHMHHHoe": KoMy McecmoKux 3ee3d conemie npuKci3bi B u30yiuKy

dbiMHyfo nepenecmu dano [II, 36] "; cp. "3a TO, HTO a pyKH TBOH He cyMeji y^ep-

>KaTb..." 1920 rojia: fl donzeen pacceema e dpeMyieM axponone xcdamb. KOK X

HenaeuMcy naxyuue dpeenue cpyöbi! [I, 150] 12.

Hejib3H He 3aMeTHTb. HTO BO Bcex cjiynaax o6pa3 cpyöa (M ero ceMaHTunec-

KHe SKBHBajieHTbi) BbicTynaeT CBoero pojia (})opMOH Hai

nojnoce Bcer.ua 0Ka3biBaeTca npeaaTejibCTBO, naccHBHoe HUH aKTHBHoe ynac rae B

coBepiiiaioiJueHca HecnpaBejrJiHBOCTH. HMCHHO STO oôcToaTenbCTBO MO>KeT MOTH-

BHpoBaTb cooTHeceHHOCTb o6pa3a cpyôa c TCMOH Ka3HH (3,necb >Ke cp. H (|)0HeTH4e-

CKoe c6jiH>KeHHe 'cpy6' H py6HTb'), HHoraa rny6oKO 3aTyiueBaHHyio, - KaK,

HanpHMep, B CTHXOTBopeHHH "3a TO, HTO H pyKH TBOH He cyiweji yaep>KaTb..."; CM.:

Eiue e dpeeecuny zopmuü monop ue epe3cwcn [I, 150], - H: HO xjibiHyjia K JiecmmiifaM

Kpoeb u Ha npucmyn nouuia [I. 150]. ÛTcro^a y>Ke coBepweHHO opraHHHHO MOVKCT

BbiBOAHTbca npoHCxoüamaa B TpeTben CTpocjje "CoxpaHH MOIO penb HaBcerjja..."

TpaHCcJjopMauHH Ka3HH KHJoen B neTpoBCKyio Ka3Hb, o(J)opMJiaeMyio o6pa3a\iH

ropojKOB, Tonopnma H aepeßa (njiaxH, nee): KCIK npuuenncb HCI cMepmb zopodKu

3aiuu6a/otn e cady, - H djiR KCI3HU nempoecKOÜ e Jiecy monopuufe naùdy [III, 51].

BnojiHe BepoflTHO, HTO B snHTeTe "neTpoBCKHH" MoryT 6biTb BburaneHbi 6ojxee

rJiyÔOKHC HeM TOJIbKO HCTOpHHeCKHe CMbICJIbl, B HaCTHOCTH, Hepe3 HOB03aBeTHyK)

CHMBOJIHKy CBH3bIBaiOmHeCfl C npHHUHnHajIbHblM £JI» n03THHeCKOH HÄeOJIOrHH

aKivieH3Ma o6pa30M KaMHJi; 3^ecb Ace .nojRKHa 6biTb Ha3BaHa H aKTyajibHa« B

paccMaTpHBaeMOM KOHTeKCTe Teiwa OTpeneHHfl, npeaaTejibcrea, TaK >Ke, KaK n

o6pa3 KaMHa, BBOztHMaa HMeHeM EleTpa. OnpaBjraHHbiM Ka>KeTca ynoMHHaHHe

3^ecb OTHOcamencfl K nepBOH nojiOBHHe 1911 rojia nosMbi TyMHJieBa "BjiyüHbifi

CblH", HMeiOIUefi ^OBOJTbHO OTHeTJIHBblH JIHHHOCTHblH Cj)OH H CO,Hep>KaLlieH

coe^HHeHHe o6pa30B IleTpa H HoaHHa: M IJemp He yHU3iimcR nped MOCIHHOM, U nee

neped aznueM, KCIK e ene ßciHuwia [TyMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 150], - c B03MO^KHbiM

o6birpbiBaHHeM HMCHH AxMaTOBOH H cj)aMHJiHH FyMHJieBa. B 3TOM x e TeKcxe

Hcnojib3yeTC5i o6pa3 KHA3H {M H 6ydy KHR3eM eo UMH FocnodHe |TyMHJieB 1991 : T. 1.

150]), - npH TOM, HTO o(J)opMJMiomHH ero MOTHB noiomen KPOBH: O enacmbe! O

neme oynmywufeu Kpoeu (TyMMJieB 1991: T. 1, 150], - n o n r a .HOCJIOBHO noBTopaeTca

B MaH^ejibUJTaMOBCKOM CTHXOTBopeHHH HKJM Toro >Ke 1911 r o a a "flyiuy OT

BHeiHHHH ycjiOBHH...": neHbe - Kunenue Kpoeu - Cnbiuiy u ôbicmpo XMenew (A, 283).

BBCneHHe B ryMHJieBCKyio nosMy o6pa30B JibBa H ^.aHHHJia, HBJiaiomeecfl

CJICTCTBHCM KOHTaMHHauHH OHÔJieficKHX CKOKCTOB, .nonycKaeT cpaBHeHHe c

HanajibHbiMH CTpoKaMH MaH,nejibiiiTaMOBCKoro craxoTBopeHHfl (j)eBpajifl 1937 ro.ua:

H e nbeuHbiù poe u e Kpenoam nozpyjtceH [III, 122], ojHOBpeMeHHO B03Bpamaiomii-

MH H K o6pa3y KpenocTH KaK MeTacj)ope TBopnecTBa AHHeHCKoro, H K CHTyauHH

cnycKa KHa3en B "CoxpaHH MOK> penb HaBcer^a..." 13.

MHTepecHOH npeacTaBJiaeTca B03MO>KHOCTb cymecTBeHHO pacuinpHTb

CKpbiTyro "ynoMHHaTejibHyio KJiaBnaTypy" "CoxpaHH M O K p e i b HaBcerna..." 3a

cneT coejHHeHHa o6pa3yiomeroca BOKpyr Hero "aKMeHCTHnecKoro" CMbicjiOBoro

nojm c o6pa3aMH npcucTaBHTejien no33HH ,neBflTHa,uuaToro BeKa. B nepByw

OMepe^b 3TO OTHOCHTCH K (j)HrypaM HeKpacoBa H IlyiiiKHHa, ocoöaa pojib KOTopbix

135

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OTHacTM 6biJia npoaHajiH3HpoBaHa Bbiuie. OcHOBaHneM juin TaKoro CöJIHXCHHJI

HBJineTCH ÖMorpacJjHHecKaa napajuiejib, npeacraBJieHHaa B MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKOH

3anncH OT 2 Man 1931 r o a a (npH TOM, MTO "CoxpaHH MOIO penb HaBcer^a..."

aaTHpyeTCH 3 Man Toro x e ro,na): Hmeme Hexpacoeci. "B/iac" u "Miui Ha ceeme

pbiijapb óedhbiü" [III, 370]. KaxeTca 3acjry>KHBaiomHM BHHMaHHH H TOT (j)aKT, MTO

UHTMpyeMafl B 3anncH CTpoKa: ^epubiü muzp uiecmuKpbuiam, - HBHO KoppecnoH^H-

pyeT c MaHffejibuiTaMOBCKHM: KOK 6UK luecmuKpbuibiü u zpo3miü, 3decb JIJOöXM

nennemcn mpyd [III, 35], - H3 HeTBepocrauinfl 1930 ro^a , npnMbiKaiomero K HHKJiy

"ApMeHHa". BnojiHe BepoflTHO, HTO HCTOHHHKOM aaHHoro o6pa3a (üOMHMO

npjiMbix coöcTBeHHO HCTopHHecKHX napajuieiieH) MOTJIO nocjiy>KHTb M y x e

ynoMHHaBuieeca ryMHJieBCKoe CTHXOTBopeHHe "KDjiHcJ)b" (CM.: IlodHïwcH. accupuüc-

KUü 6biK Kpbwambiü [ryMHJieB 1991: T. 1, 182], - BKJuonaiomeecfl B aKMencTHHecKyio

nepcneKTHBy MaHjrejibUJTaMOBCKoro TBopnecTBa H, B nacTHOCTH, 3KcnjiHUHpyiomee

cyiuecTBeHHyro äJIA "apMHHCKHX CTHXOB" accnpo-BaBHJioHCKyio Teiviy. Cp. TaioKe:

M e Jici3ypu nouynnu MM AccupuücKue xpbuibH cmpeKos, UlecmupyKux

jiemaioufux men [II, 40], - H3 CTHxoTBopeHHfl 1922 r o ^ a "BeTep HaM yTemeHbe npn-

Hec...", BCTpaHBaiouieroca B "ryMHJieBCKyio" JIHHHIO MaHAejibiiiTaMOBCKoro MHpa (o

neu nojipoÖHee WRQT penb HH>Ke). B ^aHHbifi KOHTCKCT MoxeT 6biTb BBe^eHO n

CTHXOTBopeHHe FyMHJieBa "BeHeuna" H3 cöopHHKa "KojinaH" (B KOTopoM 6buia

HanenaTaHa H "K)aHCJ)b"), BBO^amee o6pa3 JibBa; CM.: Jlee na Kononne, u npKO

JJbeuHbie OHu zopnm, JJepjKum Eecihzenbe MapKa, KüK cepatpuMbi, Kpbuiam [ryMHJieB

1991: T. 1, 173]; K 3TOMy >Ke o6pa3y npnôeraeT AxMaTOBa B O^HOHMCHHOM

CTHXOTBopeHHH 1912 ro,a,a: C KHUZOü nee na ebiuiumoü nodyuiKe, C KHUZOü nee HCI

MpciMopHOM cmonóe [AxMaTOBa 1989a: T. 1, 120]. B uejiOM * e MaHaejibiiiTaMOBCKoe

ynozioÖJieHHe Tpy#a o6pa3y KpbiJiaToro 6biKa o/moBpeMeHHO B03BpamaeT, BO-

nepBbix, K KoppejMUHH TeMbi TBopnecTBa c MOTHBOM noJieTa H, BO-BTopbix, K

o6pa3y AerTH Tpy^a H3 "CoxpaHH MOK penb HaBcer^a...", - npHTOM HTO B

nepHOBbix MaTepnajiax K HHKJT/ "ApMeHHa" oÖHapy>KHBaeTca npnMaa cooTHeceH-

HOCTb o6pa3a 6biKa c MOTHBOM jobixa, penn; CM.: Oôpamno nod ceodbi zopmanu

Peanynacb 3anpnMCKCi ôbiKoe [III, 300], HaKOHeu, 3ü,ecb x e cjieayeT OTMeTHTb

aKTHBHO pa3pa6aTbiBaBUjyK)Cfl MeTa

paccMaTpHBaBweficfl ceMaHTHKe, CBflsaHHofi Kax c apMHHCKofi TCMOH. TaK H C

HivieHaMH TyMHJieBa M AxMaTOBofi.

Bo3Bpama>icb K MOTHBY Ka3HH Heo6xo,zmMO oTMeraTb HTO OH, HanojiHaacb

KOHKpeTHO-HCTOpHHeCKOH CeMaHTHKOH, B03HHKaeT B yHHHTO)KeHHbIX CTMXax HIOHfl

1931 ro#a ; CM.: B MocKee nepeMyxu da menecpoHbi, M Kü3HHMU rnoM uMemimbi dnu

[III, 56], - a nepe3 /ma roaa , B craxoTBopeHHM "He HCKyiuafi nyaoix HapennH..." OH

nonynaeT HBHoe MeTanosTHHecKoe 3BynaHHe: H e HciKci3aHbe 3ci zopdbimo,

HeucnpaeuMbiù 3eyKOJuo6, IJojiynuiub yKcycnyro zyÔKy mm dun u3MeHHuuecKiix zyô [III,

73]. ConoJio>KeHHe o6pa30B nepeMyxH H Tenecj)OHa, OTCbiJiawmee K "axMaTOBCKHM"

cTHxax 1918 ro.ua, c O^HOH CTopoHbi. H Tejiec])OHa H Ka3HH co BceM MHoroo6pa3neM

B03HHKaiOUlHX B 3TOH CBH3H .HOnOJIHHTejIbHblX 3HaHCHHH, C apyrOH '5, n03B0JI>ieT

BBecTH B ^aHHbiH KOHTeKCT eme OAHH cjiynafi KOMÔMHauHH o6pa3a Tejiecj)OHa M

Mopa, cojiep>KaiuHHca B rjiaBe "HanajibHHK nopTa" "cpeojiocHH": AneKcandp

AneKcandpoeun npocbincuiCH eMecme c MopeM. Ho KCIK oôiifcuicx OH C MopeM? Oômancn

OH c MopeM no me.ietpoHy [II, 395]: npn 3TOM xapaKTepHO, HTO HMCHHO B

"Oeo^ocHH" BCTpenaeTca HMTHpoBaBuiHHca Bbiuie nacca>K, OTpa>KaiomHH H,neK>

"TO>KJieCTBeHHOCTH" MOpfl H PoCCHH (npH flBHMX "aXMaTOBCKHX" KOHHOTaUHflX

nocjiezmeH); CM.: LfbizajibCKuù oiriKpbui Mne coMHaMoynunecKuü nandiucKpm, e

KomopoM OKwi. CciMoe znaenoe e 3inoM Jianduiadpme 6bui npoecm, o6pa.3oeci6wuùcx na

Mecme Poccuu. Hepnoe Mope Hadeunynocb do CCIMOù Heebi; zycmue, KOK dezonib,

eojiHbi ezo JIU3CUIU ruiumu HcaaKux, c mpaypnoü nenoù pa3Öueajiucb o cmynenu

Cenama [II, 399]. Co,aep>KaiUHHca B 3TOM $parMeHTe o6pa3 .nerra He MOweT He

accouHHpoBaTbCfl c ero noBTopeHweM B "CoxpaHH MOM penb HaBcer^a..." (coeecm-

Hbiü dezomb mpyda [III, 51]), - npH TOM, HTO STOT >Ke o6pa3 B HBHOM "neTepöyprc-

KOM" CMbicjiOBOM HanonHeHHH npHcyTCTByeT H B craxoTBopeHHH "JleHHHrpaa":

y3Haeaù Mee CKopee deKaôpbCKuù demK, Tde K 3noeeujeMy deznvo noÔMeuiah OKenmoK

[III. 42]. B CBOK) onepe^b, nocnejiHHH TCKCT CHOBa BUBO/HIT Ha co£ep>KaTejibHyK>

noBepxHOCTb o6pa3 Tejie(j)OHa, coe^HHaeMbiH c TCMOH CMepTH (ocoöeHHO Ba>KHO TO

o6cTOHTeJibCTBO, HTO KOHKpeTHbiM ee TeKCTyajibHbiM BonjiomeHHeM HBJIHCTCH

o6pa3 MepTBeuoB. HTO BHOJIHC aonycTMMO cooTHocHTb e (])HrypaMH yMepunix

coBpeMeHHHKOB MaH^eJibiiiTaMa H, B nacTHOcra, c BJIOKOM H TyMHJieBbiM):

riemepôypz! H eme ne xony yMupamb: Y meön me/ie

ro acneKTa H CMbicjioBbix napaïuienefi c TBopqecTBOM M cJ)HrypaMH AxMaTOBOH H

TyMMJieBa, HTO npoaBJiaeT ero "aKMencraHecKyio" (B npe.zuiaraeMOM noHHMaHHH)

ocHOBy. CaM we TCKCT craxoTBopeHHa "CoxpaHH MOW p e n t HaBceraa..." CTaHOBHT-

ca cBoero p o a a cj)opMofi BonnoiueHHa H cyMMauHH TOH nosTMHecKofi TpaaHHHH,

CBOK) npHHaanoKHOCTb K KOTopoH ManaejibuiTaM omyman Ha npoTaweHHH Bcero

CBoero TBopnecKoro n y r a H KOTopyio K Hanajiy Tpn/maTbix ronoB MOWHO öMJIO

CHHTaTb OÖieKTHBHO "BblTeCHeHHOfl" H3 COBpeMeHHOH n03Ty XyACOKeCTBeHHOH

CHTyauHH l7. CMbicjioBbie KOMnoHeHTbi, xapaKTepH3yiomHe #aHHoe craxoTBope-

Hne. no3BOJiHK)T oÖHapy^KHTb ero ceMaHTHiecKyio cooTHeceHHOCTb c uejibiM paziOM

Kjno4eBbix juin TBopnecTBa MaH^ejibiiiTaMa jBaauaTbix-TpHauaTbix roaoB

MOTMBOB H o6pa30B. a B co6cTBeHHO "aKivieHCTHHecKOM" njiaHe "CoxpaHH MOK)

peHb HaBcer^a..." OKa3biBaeTca cBoeo6pa3HOH "jianbefi MepTBbix", B 3TOM

OTHOujeHHH BbicTynaa npoMeAyTOHHbiM coziepwaTenbHbiM 3BCHOM Mexcay

CTHxoTBopeHHeM "Cerojma HOHbio, He cojiry..." H "CraxaMH o Hen3BecTHOM

connaTe".

nPHMEHAHHR

l.AHajTH3 3Toro TeKCTa H KpaTKHH 0630p nocjieAHHX pa6oT o HeM CM. B:

[Xa 3aH 1992a: 47 en.]; cp.: [ 3 I K M H ä 1991: 262-264], [ racnapoB 1993: 60].

2.Cp. "o6meno3THMecKoe" npcuBOcxniueHMe 3Toro MOTHBa B CTHXOTBOPCHMH

1910 ro.ua "3MeH": M 6ecnone3HO, HciKdHym Kü3HU, BudenueM u neubeM nompneen, H

cjiyuiaw, KCIK )>3HUK, 6e3 6OH3HU )Kejie3a eu3z u eempa meMHbiù cmon [I, 59]. O TeMe

Ka3HH y MaHaenbuJTaMa CM., HanpHMep: [TapaHOBCKHH 1972]; KOHKperao jsjm

npo3bi cp.: [Ceraji 1987],

3.Ha npncyTCTBHe B TBopnecTBe MaHaejibiuTaMa o6pa3a KH5I3H B apyrofi

CBH3H oöpaTHJi BHHMaHHe K.TapaHOCKHÖ; CM.: [Taranovsky 1976: 29-30].

4.K pacujupeHHK) CMbiaiOBoro opeojia "TaTapcKon" CHMBOJIHKH CM. npoHH-

necKyio caMoxapaKTepncraKy B "HeTBepTOH npo3e": ECJIU 6u H noexcui e 3pueam,

H óbi Human e dopoze caMyw nymuyio KHUzy 3oufeHKu, u H OUpadoecuicn,

KCIK mamapuH, yKpaetuuü emo pyójieü [II, 172]; TaM we cp. cjiynafi nepeBO.ua MOTHBa

MOJIOAOKH B MeTaTeKCTyajibHyio nJiocKOCTb: Kmo MU mciKiie? Mu UIKOMHUKU,

Komopbie He ynamen. Mu KOMcoMomcKan eojibHuua. Mu 6y3omepu c pcapeiuenuR

ecex cenmux [II, 169]. JlioGonbiTHO TO o6cTOflTejibCTBO, I T O H #Jia aaHHoro

(|)parMeHTa MoryT 6biTb BbiaBJieHbi nepeKJiHHKH c "xpHCTHaHCKofi" o6pa3HOCTbio -

cp. xapaKrepHCTHKy TBopnecTBa 3omeHKo: V HOC ecmb öuonux mpyda, HO MU ee ne

uenuM. 3mopaccK03bi 3oufenm [III. 178-179]. - KpafiHe HHTepecHbiM npeacTaBJweT-

ca coBna^eHHe "TarapcKO-KOMCOMOJibCKOH" o6pa3HOcra MaHaejibuiTaMa co

138

http://ro.uahttp://nepeBO.ua

cTaTbeß H.A.HjibHHa "CaMoobiraocTb HJIH opHrHHaJibHHnaHbe?", nojieMH3Hpyio-

mefi c Hjieojiornm "eBpa3HHueB" n, BO3MO>KHO. 3HaKOMoK MaHjejibuiTaiviy (HJIH

OTpa>KaioiueH HCKHH OöIUHH JXJIH 3noxn c r e p e o r a n BocnpHaraa HOBoro

noKOJieHHa). C M . : " M M noKa eme, cjiaßa Bory, He nojHHHeHbi "eBpa3HHuaM";

KOMCOMOJI eme He Becb "yBepoBaji" B HHHinc-xaHCTBO H He pa3BepHyji eme

cBoero rpanymero ypajio-ajiTaöcKoro HHHrnc-x-a-M-c-T-B-a... PyccKOMy

4ejiOBeKy MO>KHO H JJ[OJI>KHO 6biTb pyccKHM. H o HeB03MO>KHO H Hejieno

HaTacKHBaTb ceöa Ha "pyccKOCTb". HaTacKHBaTb ce6a MOXHO TOJibKO Ha

ny>Koe . HanpHMep, Ha TaTapcKoe. HeT, pyccKyro caMOÖbiTHOCTb Hejib3a

co3^aTb Ha nyTax TaTapn3auHH pyccKoro ayxa. Ha/jo npH3HaTb, HTO jma

VBJieHeHHH "eBpa3MHCTBOM" Hy>KHbI JJ£a yCJIOBHfl: CKJIOHHOCTb K yMCTBeHHblM

BbiBepTaivi H KpaHHe He3HaHHTejibHbiH ypoBeHb o6pa30BaHHOCTH, ypoBeHb pa6cJ)aKa

H KOMCOMOJia" [MiibHH 1927: 61-63]. - O HeKOTopbix acneKTax "TaTapcKon"

CHMBOJiMKH B ee "KyjibTypoJiorHHecKO-HCTopHOCo(J)CKOM" KjnoHe y MaH^eJibUiTaivia

CM.. HanpHMep: [POHCH 1994: 183-184 CJI.].

5.HMeeTca B BHJJcy cjie,nyK>mHH 4)parMeHT "Eo>KecTBeHHOH KOMCJJHH": CHUHCI

ezo, u ôpfoxo, u öoKCt - B ysope nmnen u y3Jioe ueemucmbix. Uecmpeü ocHoebi u

necmpeù ymxa Hu mypoK, HU mamapuH ne crmemaem (A.n. XVII. 14-17. Fiep.

M.Jl03HHCK0r0).

6.Cp.: Y nezo öbuio 6ecco3HCimejibHoe eneneHue K uiunmifUM u ceucmniuiiM

3eyKOM u "m" e OKomamu cnoe. C Jiezxoü pyxu B.B. u noHbine n MUCJIK) pannuii

CUM60JIU3M KHK zycmbie 3apocjiu 3/nux "u{" (2, 66). KpoMe Toro, HTO aaHHbin

(J)parMeHT MO>KCT 6biTb conocraBJieH c BoenpHaTMeM pyccKOH penn Bo3Ho B

"ErwneTCKOH MapKe". xa>KeTCfl aonycTHMbiM npcunoJiovKeHne o TOM, HTO 3Ta

oueHKa r n n n n y c a 6ecco3HaTejibHO CKa3ajiacb npn onncaHHH MaHJxejibunaMOM

co6cTBeHHoro "nejrarorHHecKoro" onbiTa - CM. tj)OHeTH4ecKHH CTpon y x e unTiipo-

BaBiijeroca " K ß a p r a p a THxa, KaK 6yMara...": TTpuceeuatx na luKOJibHoù cKciMeùxe

Vmorib ujeôemamb ncwcmeü (A, 199). - KaK HHTepecHyio napajiJiejib K "ojiHiieTBopa-

K)meMy" pyccKHH CMMBOJIH3M 3ByKy "m" MoryT 6biTb npHBexieHbi BoenoMHHaHHH

Bejioro, B pâme rnaB KOTopbix JLA-MeHixejieeBa (nba JiHMHOCTb cbirpana oco6yK>

pojib B cxaHOBJieHHH CHMBOJIHCTCKOH TpajjHHHH) cjJHrypnpyeT noA HHTepoH "LU.";

CM., HanpHMep: [Bejibin 1990b: 72-75],

7.3,aecb >Ke Heo6xo/iHMO yHHTbiBaTb, HTO TeMbi necra H HCCTHOCTH B coe/ui-

HeHHH C BOeHHOH CHMBOJIHKOH He MOrTH He CBfl3bIBaTbCH C JIHHHOCTbKD TyMMJieBa, -

TeM 6onee, HTO naHHXH^a no HeMy cocToaJiacb HMCHHO B Ka3aHCKOM coöope - CM.:

[JlyKHHUKaa 1990: 242]; [Hypbe 1993: 11]. - Cp. conoJioxeHne o6pa3a

HanojieoHOBCKHX 3HaMeH c HMeHaMM MaHjiejibiiiTaMa M TyMHJieBa B axMaTOBCKHx

BocnoMHuaHHHx: KOK eocnoMUHCiHue o npeôbieanuu Ocuna e flemepöypze e 1920 zody

139

< > ocmcLiucb eme ztcuebie, ebiueemiuue, KüK HanoneoHoecKue 3HaMena, acpuuiu mozo

epeMeHu - o eenepax no33uu, ede UMH MandeiibiumaMa cmoum pndoM c FyMwieebw u

E.10K0M [AxMaTOBa 1989: T. 3, 128-129].

8.0,HHOBpeMeHHO c 3THM, HMnjiHunpyeMaa o6pa30M MoaHHa KpecraTejia

TeMa Ka3HH noÄKpeniweTca ynoMHHamieM B rjiaBe "B He no HHHy öapcTBeHHOH

Luyôe" CTHXOTBopeHHa CnyneBCKoro "üocj ie Ka3HH B >KeHeBe" (CM. xapaKTepncra-

Ky THnnHyca: u eo ene noMHaufuü duKue cmuxu CnyneecKozo "Kci3Hb e Meneee" [II,

388]), co^ep>KameM He TOJibKO CHTyauwio OTceneHMH rojiOBbi (Kci3Hwiu. Tonoea

omnpHHy.m, KOK MXH [CjiyneBCKHH 1988: 233]), HO H BH^eHHe COGCTBCHHOH Ka3HM.

conocTaBHMoe c MaHaejibiuTaMOBCKHM MOTHBOM KOJiecoBaHHH, - cp.: Mne cmuiocb:

H -leDKaji Ha cmpcauHOM Konece, Meun Kopoowio, MeHH Ha nacmu pecuio, M Mbuuifbi

jionajiucb, noMciJiucb Kocmu ece... [CnyHeBCKHH 1988: 233].

9 .CM. B BOcnoMHHaHHHX H.iï.MaHjiejibUJTaM: "HeTOM 31-ro r o a a OH

noBepHJi B rpanymee, HO noHAJi, HTO B Hero He BOHüCT. "HoBoe" npejjCTaBH-

Jiocb eMy B BMjie cnopTMBHbix npa3AHHKOB (e3^HHH Ha KaKofi-TO (J)yT6oji) H

"cTeKJMHHbix ABopuoB" [MaH^ejibuiTaM 1990: 214]. Cp. pa3BHrae sToro nojio>Ke-

HHa B HCCJieaoBaHHH H.CTpyBe: "XpycTajibHbiiï jiBopeu - o6pa3 "npeKpacHoro"

öyjiymero, B3HTbiH y /JocToeBCKoro, ocjio>KHaeTCfl nopoHHOCTbio (JiyH^aMeHTa.

KypbH HOyKKM - OüHOBpeMCHHO 0603HaHeHHe HOBOH apxHTeKTypbi, MO#HOH B 30-e

roübi, H npHHacTHOCTb KO 3Jiy (cKa30HHoe oÖHTajiHuie 6a6bi-arH)" [CTpyBe 1992:

56]. npOUHTMpOBaHHblH (j)parMeHT CJiy>KHT npHMblM KOMMeHTapHeM K CTHXOTBOpe-

HHK) "CeroaHa MO>KHO CHflTb ^eKajibKOMaHH..." (onymeHHan CTpocjja H3 KOToporo

npHBOjiHJiacb Bbiuie) - CM.: YMC H He ebiùdy e nozy c MonodezKbw Ha pa3nuHoeaHHbie

cmaduoHbi, e cmeKJixHHbie deopifbi na Kypbux HOMCKax HdaMce meHbw nezKoù ne

eoùdy [III, 60]. /JvMaeTca. o,nHaKO, HTO. C yneTOM npHBe^eHHoro nacca>Ka H3 rjiaBbi

"3p(j)ypTCKaa nporpaMMa", o6pa3 CTeKJWHHbix .nBopuoB B öojibmeö cTeneHH

MOAeT cooTHOCHTbCfl e noTepHHHbiM jieTCTBOM, HOKejiH c co6cTBeHHO HacTynaio-

ujefi snoxofi, - cp. B 3TOH CBH3H "Kor\na B .najieKyio Kopeio. . ." Maa 1932 ro^a , r,a.e

HBHO BOcnpoH3BoaHTca aTMOCcjiepa TeHHiiieBCKoro ynHJiHina (cp.: [PoHeH 1991: 6-

7]): Hyöezcin e opaHMcepeuo, JJepxca upucKy 3a tue/coü [III, 62], - c 3aKJiK)4HTejïbHbiM:

H nepejfciLi mozo nodpocmKa [III, 63]. Bojiee VMecTHbiM npejjcTaBJiaeTca roBopnTb

o6 oco3HaHHn no3TOM onpejiejieHHOH "ranojiorHHecKOH" 6JIH30CTH ero COöCTBCH-

Hbix ^eTCKHX BnenaTJieHHH H Toro. HTO OH BMJIHT (HJIM nbiTaeTca vBH^eTb) B

COBpeMeHHOH eMV ^eflCTBHTeJIbHOCTH. HeM O 6e30rOBOpOHHOM npHHHTHH "HOBOro",

CHMBOJIOM KOTOpOrO CTaHOBflTCH CnopTHBHbie npa3ilHHKH H "CTeKJIÜHHbie #BOpUbl".

Taxoro >Ke p o a a "HaeHTHqbMKaTopoM" coBpeMeHHOCTH cjiy>KHT jvm MaHflejibiiiTa-

Ma o6pa3 paccMOTpeHHbix Bbiuje GeTXOBeHCKHX coHaT.

140

lO.KaK 6ojiee anoacHoe npoHBJieHHe 3TOH CBJBH MoaceT paccMaTpMBaTbca TOT

(J)aKT, 4T0 CHTyaUHH Hrpbl n03BOHKaMH JKHBOTHblX B "HaiueflllJHH nOAKOBy"

OTCbiJiaeT K o6Hapy>KHBaK)iueMyca B c raxax Hanajia .nBajmaTbix ro,uoB CBoeo6pa3-

HOMy "300Mopcj)HO-KOCTHHOMy" ceMaHTHHecKOMy KOMnjieKcy (o HeKOTopbix ero

CMbicjiOBbix cocTaBJifliomHX CM., HanpMMep: [3TKHH.H 1991]), - npn TOM. HTO

cxojtHbie MoaejiM HepefljKO CTpoHTca Ha ocHOBe o6pa3a r o p o ^ a : nyecmeyem zopod

C60U depeexHHbie peöpa [I, 150]; Ha dyöoeux KOJienxx cmonm zopoda [III. 93]; cp.: M

mopnam, KCIK luyxu peöpoMu, He30Mep3uiue KamKii [II, 53] M n o j .

1 l .Cp. noHBJieHHe o6pa3a H36yuiKH B CBJBH C BOHHOH 1812 r o j a (c npoHCXo-

OTIHHM npH 3TOM HajieJieHMeM erO BbICOKHM HeHHOCTHHO-HCTOpHieCKHM CTaTyCOM)

B paHHeM npo3aHHecKOM Ha6pocKe: He e Eopodune u He e MocKee, a e laöyu/Ke e

01LWX OmenecmeeHHciH eoühci docmuzjia ceoezo nocjiednezo eejiumm [I, 276]. - K

pa3BHTHK> aKTyajibHoro B paccMaTpHBaeMOH nepcneKTHBe MOTHBa "BotiHbi n

Mnpa" CM. B rJiaBe "CeMba CHHaHH": McuibHUKU deexmbcom nmnozo zoda umu e

peeojuoifUK) c meM Mee nyecmeoM, c KOKUM HuKonemKa Pocmoe men e zycapbi: mo

ôbiji eonpoc ernoônennocmu u uecmu. M meM, u dpyzuM Ka3cwocb Heeo3MOMCHbiM

Mcumb He cozpembiMu c/iaeoü ceoezo eexa, u me, u dpyzue cuumcuiu Heeo3MOMCHbiM

dbiiuamb 6e3 doônecmu. "BOüHCI uMup" npodojioKcuiacb, - momKo cnaea nepeexcma [II,

382-383], - c CMMnTOMaTHHHbiM nonKJnoneHHeM K /jaHHOMy CMbicjioBOMy npocTpaH-

cTBy MOTHBa necTH H cjiaBbi. Cp. öojiee oTHeTJiHBbin nepeBoa STOH o6pa3HOCTH B

jiHiiHOCTHO-ÔHorpa(J)HHecKyio nnocKOCTb: /7o KOHcmumyifuu doMci mRMcenbiù

cmapuK CUHCIHU ne cMeji 3azjiHÖbieamb e KOMHamy MonodeoKu, Ha3bieaewymcn

po3oeoü KOMHamoü. Po3oeax KOMHCima coomeemcmeoeana dueciHHOÙ U3 "BottHbi u

Mupa" [II, 381]. - He MeHee HHTepecHbi H BHeTeKCTOBbie nepeceneHHH "CeMbH

CnHaHH1' c nyiHKHHCKOH TeMOH, - BO-nepBbix, cp. a^pec, no KOTopoMy >KHJIM

CnHaHH (CUHCIHU JKUJIU na HyuiKuncKoü ynuue, npomue zocmunuubi "IJane-Poxjib".

Ha HyiuKUHCKOÜ doKinop Eopuc Hayjvioeun CUHCIHU MCWI, oneeudno, yotce daeno

[II. 378]), H, BO-BTOpbIX, (j)aKT HX 3HaKOMCTBa c nepBbiM JIHTepaTypHblM OnblTOM

MaHAeJibuiTaMa - coHHHeHHeM o "Bopnce ToayHOBe"; CM.: [Hepjiep, HwKHTaeB

1991: 6].

12.3jiecb aœ HCO6XO,THMO HanoMHHTb, HTO o6pa3 anponojifl Kan MeTac|)opbi u

KpenocTH H cjioBa B03HHKaeT H B CTaTbe "O npHpoae cjiOBa", r,n.e cojep>KMTca

npiiBe^eHHaa xapaKTepncTHKa Tpareanö AHHeHCKoro; CM.: Hauia xyjibmypa do eux

nop ónyoKdaem u ne naxodum ceoux cmen. 3amo KciMcdoe cnoeo cnoeapn /Jeux ecmb

opeuieK Axponojix, ManeHbKuü KpeMJib, Kpbmaman xpenocmb HOMUHCIMI3MCI, ocHcnuen-

HCIH 3IL1UHCKUM dyxoM Ha neymoMUMyw öopböy c öeccpopMeHHOü cmuxueü [I, 225].

OüHOBpeMeHHO cjiejyeT VMHTbiBaTb. HTO "3a TO. MTO a pyKH TBOH He cyMeji

141

nan 3JL1UHCKUM dyxoM na HeymoMUMym ôopbôy c öeccpopMeHHOü cmuxueù [I, 225],

OjiHOBpeMeHHO cjicuyeT yHHTbiBaTb, 4TO "3a TO, HTO a pyKH TBOH He cyMen

y^ep>KaTb..." MoaœT 6biTb HHTepTeKCTyajibHO CBJoaHO c TBopnecTBOM AHHeHCKoro

- c MaH^eJibiiJTaMOBCKHM: ebicoKuü YlpuaMoe cKßopeiuHUK [I, 150], - cp.: nepmoz

ebicoKuii ripuciMa, - H3 Tpare/mH AHHeHCKoro "Uapb MKCHOH" (CM.: [JICBHHTOH

1977: 167]). - npn TOM, HTO B O6OMX cjiynaax penb HaeT o ropo/je-KpenocTH - Tpoe.

13.K o6pa3y JibBa CM. myTOHHbiH "COHCT": Mue ecnoMHwicx cmapuHHbiù

onoKputp - Mapwo Jlee npecnedoeaji e nycmbwe [III, 152], - r a e nojio JlbBOM no/jpa-

iyMeBaeTca JleB FyMHJieB, - a TaKxe uiyTJiHBoe uexoBoe npo3BMume AxMaTOBOH -

'TyMHJibBHua". - MHTepecHbiM npeacTaBJweTCH H TOT (J)aKT, HTO y>Ke ynoMHHaBiua-

HCH ryMMJieBCKaa "Tocna no Mopio" Toro >Ke 1911 roaa , OHCBHäHO, nepecJDpacraHec-

KH UMTHpyeMaa MaHJjejibUJTaMOM B "J\ç.W\> CTOHJI o n a m rojioBax...", coaep>KHT

o6pa3 KHH3H, npHJiaraeMbifi K JinpHHecKOMy repoio TencTa; CM.: EooKe! Eydb H

COMblM CUJlbHblM KHH3eM [FyMHJieB 1991 : T. 1, 359].

14.0jXH0BpeMeHH0 c 3THM, "apMHHCKHe" CTHXH rjiy6oKO onocpeüOBaHHO

B03BpamaiOT n K "TaTapcKO-xpHCTMaHCKofi" npo6jieMaTHKe - CM. B cejibMOM H3

CTHXOTBOpeHHH HHKJia "ApMCHHfl" HMCHOBaHHe XpHCTHaHCTBa "3BepHHO-6aceH-

H H M " : HxopHbie nnu noeajieHHbix dyôoe 3eepuHozo u ôacennozo xpucmucmcmea [III,

38], - HTO MO>KeT 6biTb conocTaBJieHO c xapaKTepncTMKe JiaMapKOBCKOH Teopnn (Y

JlciMapKci ôaceHHbie seepii [III, 202]), HTO, B CBOK> onepcTb. CBH3biBaeT HMeHa

JlaMapna n KpbiJiOBa, c O/IHOH CTopoHbi (CM.: Y^cepacnojioMcimucb demu uzpamb e

neconeK y nodnoMCbn seontoi^uoHHOU meopuu dedyuiKU Kpbuioea, mo ôuuib JloMcipKa-

ncKpownena [III, 203]), H, HMeHa KpbiJiOBa H 3omeHKO, c /jpyron CTopoHbi (CM.

UHTHpoBaBiiieecH Bbiiue: \' HCIC ecmb 6U6MIH mpyda . 3mo paccKci3bi 3ouieHKii.

JT mpeôyfo naMxmmiKoe dnn 3oiu,enKu no eceM zopodcm u MecmenKciM ILIU, no

Kpauneu Mepe, KQK dim dedywKu Kpbuioea, e JlemneM cady [III, 178-179]).

15.Cp. o CBH3H o6pa3a TejieqboHa c TCMOH CMepTH B MaHaenbuiTaMOBCKOM

MHpe B: [THMCHHHK 1988a].

16.3aecb Heo6xo/j[HMO OTMeTHTb TaKyio ocoôeHHOCTb MaHJJtejibiiiTaMOBCKoro

Mnpa. Kan peryjwpHoe Hajinnne juist nonoÖHoro po/ja "3K3HCTeHUHajibHbix"

qbopMvn onpeijejieHHbix KVJibTypHbix "npeueaeHTOB". - c npHBeaeHHbiMH CTponaMH

cp. CTHxoTBopeHHe XoaaceBHHa "Ha xo/jy" 1916 ro^a: M ece-maxu ôpedy doMoù c

noxynKoù, M ece-mciKu Mcuey [Xo/JtaceBHH 1996: 153].

17.no-pa3HOMy TpaKTyioT 3TOT TeKCT coBpeMeHHbie Hccnei^OBaTenH. Tax,

H.CTpvBe CHHTaeT: "CTpax OH npeoaojieji CTpaxoM. npofuw nepe3 Hero. Tenepb OH

HaeT Ha ôojibujee: cMepTbio nonpaTb cMepTb, oBJiajJteTb eio nvTeM Bbi6opa

noaxojj>nnero cpona H caMoro opyana xa3HH. "BpeMa eme He npHiujio" - TaKOB

142

KOTopoH B TeKCTe OTpa>KeHa 6opb6a "Me>Kny HepaTHHecKMM n MHPCKHM HawajiOM B

pyCCKOM H3bIKe H MCTOpHH . MaHHejIbUJTaM Kax 6bl BOCCTaeT npoTHB Toro

o6pa3a "cj)MJiojiorHM BOHHCTByromen" , KOTopoe co3,naji OH caM ^ecarajieTHe

Ha3aa B CBH3H C no33nefi AHHeHCKoro" [POHCH 1994: 183]. I4#eojiorH4ecKoe

3HaHeHMe B co6cTBeHHO H3biKOBOH acneKT TeKCTa npnBHOCHT B CBoeß HHTepnpeTa-

UMH M.Jl.TacnapoB: "06pameHO CTHXOTBopeHHe, BepoaTHee Bcero, K pyccKOMy

H3biKy no3T npHHHMaeT Ha ce6a rpexH Hapojia, KOTopoMy OH nyxofi

[facnapoB 1993b: 60].

143