UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES School of Physical Sciences Post Graduate Diploma in Aviation Meteorology Aviation Weather (SMR 525) Practical Manual for Academic Year 2015/16 (SECOND SEMESTER) January-April 2016 Written By: Prof. Ininda J. M Department of Meteorology University of Nairobi
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PRACTICAL 2: PLOTTING THE WEATHER INFORMATION ON A CHART
Objective:
The practical is aimed at enabling the student plot on a weather chart.
Tools
a) A table of coded weather messages
b) Lecture Notes
c) A chart (map) with station indicated on it
Procedure:
Plot the weather messages for the stations over Kenya at 15GMT on figure 1. For the dates
assigned
(N B. You will need to print out the figure1)
1. Code the data assigned to you.
S/N STUDENT
REG NO.
DATE
1 I50/78854/2015 15TH
NOVEMBER 2015
2 I50/81309/2015 10TH
JANUARY, 2016
Figure 1: The Synoptic stations over Kenya
PRACTICAL 3: CODING THE UPPER AIR OBSERVED WEATHER
Objective:
The practical is aimed at enabling the student code the observed weather
a) A table of observed weather
b) The lecture notes
Procedure:
Code the weather message give in table 2 and 3
Tools
a) WMO MANNUAL ON CODING
b) Upper air DATA
Instructions
2. Code the data assigned to you.
S/N STUDENT
REG NO.
DATA
1 I50/78854/2015 Table 2A and Table 3B
2 I50/81309/2015 Table 2b and Table 3A
TABLE 2A: STATION 63612 DATE 14-02-2016 TIME 09 GMT
LEVEL (mb) HEIGHT (m) SPEED (kts) DIR
(Surface) 955 515 3 18
925 635 6 12
850 1320 10 27
800 2050 12 42
750 2560 19 38
700 3201 23 32
650 3835 25 25
600 4468 15 23
550 5197 12 63
500 5926 18 136
450 6790 28 153
400 7654 22 192
350 8420 20 211
300 11023 17 198
250 12500 24 164
200 14311 26 93
170 14570 25 81
150 15199 21 39
120 16984 23 60
100 18443 25 20
90 19288 24 0
80 20232 23 350
70 21296 26 342
60 22526 23 330
50 23991 20 340
40 25774 21 320
30 28076 28 344
20 31317 26 325
10 36865 20 352
TABLE 2B: STATION 63820 DATE 22-01-2016 TIME 18 GMT
LEVEL (mb) HEIGHT (m) SPEED (kts) DIR
(Surface) 932 515 5 192
925 635 7 174
850 1320 7 156
800 2050 12 142
750 2560 16 146
700 3201 18 151
650 3835 21 187
600 4468 15 207
550 5197 11 241
500 5926 18 313
450 6790 22 330
400 7654 22 352
350 8420 20 338
300 11023 17 351
250 12500 26 344
200 14311 25 272
170 14570 27 263
150 15199 22 212
120 16984 24 241
100 18443 27 212
90 19288 27 180
80 20232 23 177
70 21296 25 144
60 22526 24 150
50 23991 20 146
40 25774 22 322
30 28076 22 301
20 31317 25 316
10 36865 20 298
TABLE 3A Sounding for station 67982 0n 24-04-2012 at 15hr local time and the station is located at 60OE . The radio sonde launched at 14hr 30min local time.
Pressure level(mb)
Geopotential Height (m)
Temperature
Co
Dew point
Temp Co
Wind speed
Kt
Direction
1012 45 23.2 18.6 4 108
1000 112 24.5 20.4 6 163
940 495 25.3 17.5 8 180
925 615 23.8 14.3 12 144
850 1520 22.6 12.4 34 122
800 2030 20.1 15.8 40 100
750 2640 16.0 11.9 60 84
700 3186 10.3 10.7 50 48
650 3819 6.3 5.6 76 53
600 4458 2.4 -2.2 84 70
500 5904 0.5 -8.2 90 95
400 7634 -3.2 -15.4 100 122
300 9743 -8.4 112 150
250 11002 -15.7 120 140
200 12480 -25.8 125 203
170 14290 -32.3 130 140
150 14550 -51.4 120 206
120 15600 -51.1 110 295
100 16680 -62.6 90 300
90 17280 -71.2 95 326
70 18703 -82.0 80 310
50 20722 -75.1 82 313
30 23400 -72.4 60 292
20 25800 -66.5 50 330
10 29710 -62.8 45 310
TABLE 3B Sounding for station 63980 0n 15-10-2015 at 14hr local time and the station is located at 75OE . The radio sonde launched at 14hr 15min local time.
Pressure level(mb)
Geopotential Height (m)
Temperature
Co
Dew point
Temp Co
Wind speed 1ms
Direction
1016 40 24.2 18.6 3 112
1000 112 25.5 19.4 5 160
940 495 24.3 17.5 8 180
925 615 23.8 14.3 12 144
850 1520 22.6 12.4 17 120
800 2030 18.1 15.8 20 103
750 2640 14.3 11.9 30 87
700 3186 10.3 10.7 25 51
650 3819 6.3 5.6 37 54
600 4458 2.4 -2.2 42 70
500 5904 0.5 -8.2 45 93
400 7634 -3.2 -15.4 50 120
300 9743 -8.4 -14.1 56 150
250 11002 -13.7 60 140
200 12480 -22.8 62 200
170 14290 -31.3 66 140
150 14550 -48.4 61 212
120 15600 -51.1 55 295
100 16680 -62.6 45 302
90 17280 -71.2 44 325
70 18703 -82.0 40 310
50 20722 -75.2 42 306
30 23400 -72.4 30 290
20 25800 -66.5 25 307
10 29710 -62.8 22 310
PRACTICAL NO. 4: PLOTTING THE SOUNDING ON A T
Objective:
The practical is aimed at enabling the student to plot the sounding on T
And compute the convective parameters.
Tools
a) Extract the TEMP data for the station and date allocated to you at 00 GMT.
For example to obtain data for 00GMT for 25th
Sep 2014 enter the information as shown.
COUNTRY OR TERRITORY (*) TYPE SORT ORDER NIL REPORTS FORMAT
Indonesia
ALL, (TEMP and PILOT)
Oldest the first
NIL reports included
TXT
TIME INTERVAL Year Month Day Hour
BEGIN: 2014
September
24
23
END: 2014
September
25
00
send
Clean
b) Using a T
(i) Plot the given temperature and dew point temperature a T gram and Indicate the layers
that experienced warming/ cooling and moistening / drying.
(ii) Determine the LCL, equivalent potential temperature, lifted Index, K-Index
(iii) Find the mixing ratio, specific humidity, ,relative humidity and vapour pressure at surface,
800mb, and 700mb
STUDENT
REG NO. Station and Date
I50/78854/2015 Darwin-Australia (21st and 22
nd Sep, 2015)
I50/81309/2015 Jarkata-Indonesia(1st and 2
nd Jan, 2016)
PRACTICAL 5: PREPARING (CODING) AND INTERPRETATING (DECODING)
A METAR Objective:
The practical is aimed at enabling the student to be able to prepare (code) and interpreate (decode) a METAR
Tools
a) A table of weather messages
b) The ICAO guide for writing METAR
TABLE FOR PRACTICAL 5 The data assigned to each student .
S/N STUDENT
REG NO.
DATA
1 I50/78854/2015 Complete Landing Forecast or Aviation routine weather report with
trend forecast
for Entebbe Int. airport
The time of origin (issuing) at 1200Z on the 12th
February, 2016
Observed weather
Wind direction is 90 degrees, Wind speed 06 knots
Visibility 7500 meters
Cloud layer 1 amount 3 - 4 oktas (or 3/8 - 4/8) at base 1500 ft
Cloud layer 2 amount 3 - 4 oktas of Cumulonimbus (or 3/8 - 4/8) at
base 1700 ft
Temperature 26ºC, Dew point temperature 24ºC
QNH 865 hPa (mb)
Forecast weatherchange Time from 1220Z on 20th until 1250Z on 12
th February, 2016
Horizontal Visibility is 3000m
Weather phenomena is moderate thunderstorm with rain
The end signal of the message
2 I50/81309/2015
Complete Landing Forecast/ Aviation routine weather report with trend
forecast
Jomo Kenyatta Int. airport
The time of origin (issuing) at 1200Z on the 15th
January 2016
Observed weather Wind direction is 70 degrees, Wind speed 08 knots
Visibility 8000 meters
Cloud layer 1 amount 5 - 6 oktas (or 5/8 - 6/8) at base 1400 ft
Cloud layer 2 amount 3 - 4 oktas of Cumulonimbus (or 3/8 - 4/8) at
base 1600 ft
Temperature 22ºC, Dew point temperature 19ºC
QNH 823hPa (mb)
Forecast Change in weather
Time from 1200Z on 20th until 1220Z on 20th
Horizontal Visibility is 4000m
Weather phenomena is moderate thunderstorm with rain