Uttar Pradesh Bhumi Sudhar Nigam Welcomes the Participants of the IK Distance Learning Course.

Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Bhumi Sudhar NigamBhumi Sudhar Nigam

Welcomes the Participants Welcomes the Participants of the IK Distance Learning Courseof the IK Distance Learning Course

Out of 329 m ha geographical area of the country, around 175 million Out of 329 m ha geographical area of the country, around 175 million ha is degraded – 6.9 m ha. is sodic.ha is degraded – 6.9 m ha. is sodic.

SCENARIO IN UPSCENARIO IN UP Salt affected area estimated at 1.2 m ha Salt affected area estimated at 1.2 m ha (Source: RSAC satellite imagery in 1986 ). (Source: RSAC satellite imagery in 1986 ). Sodic lands are owned by small and marginal farmers or Gram SamajSodic lands are owned by small and marginal farmers or Gram Samaj (Village local body).(Village local body). In 1993, U.P. Bhumi Sudhar Nigam started a sodic land reclamationIn 1993, U.P. Bhumi Sudhar Nigam started a sodic land reclamation project with financial assistance from World Bank with a target toproject with financial assistance from World Bank with a target to reclaim 45,000 ha sodic lands in ten districts of Uttar Pradesh.reclaim 45,000 ha sodic lands in ten districts of Uttar Pradesh. Sodic Land Reclamation Project was planned providing flexibility toSodic Land Reclamation Project was planned providing flexibility to introduce changes based on implementation experiences and increasedintroduce changes based on implementation experiences and increased community participation.community participation.

Legend

UP SODIC LANDS RECLAMATION I PROJECT

E

H

Sonbhadra

Ghazipur

Ballia

Mau

Maharajganj

Siddharta Nagar

Gorakhpur

Azamgarh

Jaunpur

Barabanki

Rae Bareli

Pratapgarh

Sultanpur

Saharanpur

Muzaffar Nagar

Rampur

Mathura

Agra

Ferozabad

Mainpuri

Buland Sahar

BadaunShahjahanpur Lak.Kheri

PilibhitBareilly

Etah

Jalaun

HardoiSitapur

Unnao

Lucknow

Lalitpur

Jhansi Fatehpur

BagpatMeerut

GB NagarGhaziabad

Kannauj

Farrukhabad

Srawasti

Bahraich

Balrampur

Gonda

BhadohiChandauli

Varanasi

Chitrakoot

BandaMahoba

Hamirpur

Joyti Fulenagar

Moradabad

Bijnore

Ambedkar Nagar

Faizabad

St Ravidas NagarMirzapur

Allahabad

Aligarh

AuraiyaEtawah

Hathras

Kaushambhi

Kanpur DehatKanpur

Deoria

KushinagarSant KabirnagarBasti

MAP SHOWING PROJECT AREA

N

DISTRICTSPhase-I DistrictsDistrict Boundary

N

ObjectivesObjectives

The objectives of the project are to :The objectives of the project are to :i)i) develop concomitant models for environmental develop concomitant models for environmental

protection and improved agricultural production protection and improved agricultural production through large scale reclamation of sodic lands; through large scale reclamation of sodic lands;

ii)ii) strengthen local institutions, enabling effective strengthen local institutions, enabling effective management of such programme with strong management of such programme with strong beneficiary participation and NGO support ;beneficiary participation and NGO support ;

iii)iii) contribute towards poverty alleviation of families contribute towards poverty alleviation of families managing sodic lands.managing sodic lands.

• Major thrust on community participation and transparency. Major thrust on community participation and transparency.

• Beneficiary farmers involved as key stake holders right Beneficiary farmers involved as key stake holders right from survey planning, execution , Monitoring &Evaluation.from survey planning, execution , Monitoring &Evaluation.

• NGOs also involved as key stake holders for motivation , NGOs also involved as key stake holders for motivation , awareness and to ensure farmers participation and awareness and to ensure farmers participation and transparency. transparency.

• Capital intensive and work technical in nature assigned to Capital intensive and work technical in nature assigned to line departments and rest of the work executed by the line departments and rest of the work executed by the farmers themselves under the supervision of UPBSN staff.farmers themselves under the supervision of UPBSN staff.

• Whole package was designed for four years. From Day 1 Whole package was designed for four years. From Day 1 basic strategy revolved around ensuring farmer participation basic strategy revolved around ensuring farmer participation in the implementation of the project.in the implementation of the project.

Implementation MethodologyImplementation Methodology

Outputs & Outcomes of the ProjectOutputs & Outcomes of the Project( Third Eye View : At the time of completion)( Third Eye View : At the time of completion)

• 68,400 ha sodic land reclaimed• Crop productivity & Cropping intensity increased• Additional irrigation potential created• Annual household income increased by 53%• Per capita income increased by 163%• Labour migration reduced by 41%

• Value of reclaimed land appreciated 3 to 4 times.• The value of incremental production is Rs 180 million per

annum.• 2166 SHGs formed mobilizing Rs 15 million and Rs 20

million added as Bank credit.

Food Security: Peoples’ Initiatives

Why ITKsWhy ITKs

• Cost effective

• Sustainable (eco-friendly)

• Local resource usage

• Capitalizing on natural resources

• Easily accessible

• Simple technology

• Easy to adopt

Sodic Land Reclamation Through Bio-Mass

Paddy straw and water hyacinth are used as alternate amendment

This bio degradable material is spread over a moist field and ploughed in.

Water is added to a height of 10 cm to help in decomposition

The repeated process reclaims the land over a period of 2 to 3 years

The technology has been widely adopted UPBSN has recorded reclamation of 714 ha sodic

lands by 1905 farmers in 679 project villages

Use of Sand in Place of Flat Fan NozzleUse of Sand in Place of Flat Fan Nozzle

Canary grass ( Phalaris minor ) is a major weed in Canary grass ( Phalaris minor ) is a major weed in wheat crop wheat crop

As a selective weedicide Isoproturon was used for As a selective weedicide Isoproturon was used for which a flat fan nozzle is required to spray itwhich a flat fan nozzle is required to spray it

Resource-poor farmers do not have access to this Resource-poor farmers do not have access to this implement implement

In Azamgarh district one such farmer evolved an In Azamgarh district one such farmer evolved an indigenous technique of broadcasting weedicide after indigenous technique of broadcasting weedicide after mixing with sandmixing with sand

Department of Agriculture validated this technique and Department of Agriculture validated this technique and now it is widely used by the farmers now it is widely used by the farmers

Relay Cropping as a tool to optimize the sowing time

• Garlic is a major cash crop in Etah & Mainpuri districts • Garlic follows paddy crop in rotation • Usual harvest time of paddy is November which delays sowing

of garlic which is normally sown in October• Productivity of garlic is affected due to delayed sowing• Farmers of three villages of district Etah thought of relay

cropping system • Sowed garlic in standing paddy crop 15-20 days before harvest

of paddy• Garlic began to germinate subsequent to harvest of paddy • Recommended dose of fertilizers for Garlic was given at the

time of first hoeing • Accrued 3 benefits : (i) no pre-irrigation (ii) zero tillage and

(iii) high yield due to timely sowing • Gaining popularity now

Mixed cropping to control aphidsMixed cropping to control aphids• Mustard is a cash crop in Etah & Aligarh districtsMustard is a cash crop in Etah & Aligarh districts• Mustard is badly affected by Aphids in the month of Mustard is badly affected by Aphids in the month of

January January • Small and marginal farmers wish to get more profit from Small and marginal farmers wish to get more profit from

the same field the same field • Shishu Pal Singh of Aligarh tested mixed cropping of Shishu Pal Singh of Aligarh tested mixed cropping of

mustard with fenugreek.mustard with fenugreek.• Mixed seasonal cropping gave him additional incomeMixed seasonal cropping gave him additional income• The field remained free from Aphid’s infestation where The field remained free from Aphid’s infestation where

as near by crops were attackedas near by crops were attacked• An ITK evolved to control the aphids - Being used by a An ITK evolved to control the aphids - Being used by a

large numbers of farmerslarge numbers of farmers

Alternate Technique of Planting PaddyAlternate Technique of Planting Paddy• Transplanting of paddy is a labour intensive activityTransplanting of paddy is a labour intensive activity• Ram Abhilash , a farmer of Allahabad district noticed a few paddy Ram Abhilash , a farmer of Allahabad district noticed a few paddy

plants in one of his fieldsplants in one of his fields• Found that this is the result of some pellets embedded with paddy Found that this is the result of some pellets embedded with paddy

grains thrown by his childrengrains thrown by his children• He made earthen pellets embedded with paddy seeds and sowed them He made earthen pellets embedded with paddy seeds and sowed them

in the field in the field • Through this experiment he concluded: Through this experiment he concluded:

– 2 to 3 months before sowing ,time, pellets can be formed and seeds 2 to 3 months before sowing ,time, pellets can be formed and seeds can be embeded within can be embeded within

– Pellets formation and sowing requires less manpowerPellets formation and sowing requires less manpower– Paddy seeds embeded in pellets ( dried) are safely storedPaddy seeds embeded in pellets ( dried) are safely stored– This technique is useful for rain-fed paddy cultivationThis technique is useful for rain-fed paddy cultivation

• Hon’ble President of India awarded the farmer for this innovation in Hon’ble President of India awarded the farmer for this innovation in the year 2005the year 2005

Use of Margossa Leaves in place of ChemicalsUse of Margossa Leaves in place of Chemicals

• Huge loss occurs in stored food grains due to weevils Huge loss occurs in stored food grains due to weevils • Farmers of Fatehpur & Aauriya districts thought of utilizing the Farmers of Fatehpur & Aauriya districts thought of utilizing the

disinfecting quality of Margossa (Neem) leavesdisinfecting quality of Margossa (Neem) leaves• Shade dried neem leaves were placed in grain bins in alternate Shade dried neem leaves were placed in grain bins in alternate

layers of grains 30 cm and neem leaves 5-8 cm thicklayers of grains 30 cm and neem leaves 5-8 cm thick• Grains bin is closed air tight by putting paste of mud and cow Grains bin is closed air tight by putting paste of mud and cow

dung dung • Precautions are taken to keep grain well dried Precautions are taken to keep grain well dried • Some farmers refined this technique by putting 15-20 cloves of Some farmers refined this technique by putting 15-20 cloves of

Garlic along with 250 g neem leaves per quintal of grainGarlic along with 250 g neem leaves per quintal of grain

Sesbania Controls Viral disease of PaddySesbania Controls Viral disease of Paddy Tungru virus causes a severe disease in paddy Tungru virus causes a severe disease in paddy Grass hoppers are carrier of this virus but it was not known to the farmers Grass hoppers are carrier of this virus but it was not known to the farmers In 1996-97 Hardoi district ,Jagmohan grew Sesbania for green manuring and In 1996-97 Hardoi district ,Jagmohan grew Sesbania for green manuring and

after turning, some of the Sesbania plants left at the border of the field after turning, some of the Sesbania plants left at the border of the field Many fields were affected with tungru virus but his field was not Many fields were affected with tungru virus but his field was not Jagmohan and other farmers investigated and found that it was grass hopper Jagmohan and other farmers investigated and found that it was grass hopper

which could not enter the field because of alternate host cropwhich could not enter the field because of alternate host crop They concluded that it was sesbania which had protected the field They concluded that it was sesbania which had protected the field Another farmer in district Sultanpur observed that Ipomea also attracts grass Another farmer in district Sultanpur observed that Ipomea also attracts grass

hopper and prevents spreading of tungru virus in paddy crophopper and prevents spreading of tungru virus in paddy crop On the basis of strong belief of farmers and scientific base, this ITK was On the basis of strong belief of farmers and scientific base, this ITK was

published in UPBSN’s periodical and circulated published in UPBSN’s periodical and circulated

Low cost winnowing fanLow cost winnowing fan

• Manual Winnowing after thrashing of crop is a major challenge Manual Winnowing after thrashing of crop is a major challenge before resource poor, small and marginal farmersbefore resource poor, small and marginal farmers

• Keshav Prasad Tripathi of Raebareli district made an effort to Keshav Prasad Tripathi of Raebareli district made an effort to simplify the winnowing process with the help of locally simplify the winnowing process with the help of locally assembled fan assembled fan

• He made winnowing fan with the help of scrap material of old He made winnowing fan with the help of scrap material of old bicycle and some other parts which were easily available locally bicycle and some other parts which were easily available locally – was successful– was successful

• The cost of fan is only Rs 600 and is known as “ Keshav The cost of fan is only Rs 600 and is known as “ Keshav winnowing Fan” winnowing Fan”

• Learning from Mr Tripathi some other farmers of nearby villages Learning from Mr Tripathi some other farmers of nearby villages are also making such fans for their own use and also for rent are also making such fans for their own use and also for rent purposespurposes

Food Grain Bin madeFood Grain Bin made of local waste of local waste

Some poor farmers of district Jaunpur did not have money to purchase Some poor farmers of district Jaunpur did not have money to purchase metallic bins and also did not have space to keep them inside their small metallic bins and also did not have space to keep them inside their small houseshouses

They were successful in preparing a structure as a substitute to metallic They were successful in preparing a structure as a substitute to metallic bin which was equally effective in storing grains even in open air bin which was equally effective in storing grains even in open air outside the houseoutside the house

A platform is made using paddy straw and torn gunny bags A platform is made using paddy straw and torn gunny bags The grain is put over it and a rope made of straw is spiraled tightly The grain is put over it and a rope made of straw is spiraled tightly

around itaround it Finally the top of this structure is covered with a piece of polyethylene Finally the top of this structure is covered with a piece of polyethylene

as shown in the pictureas shown in the picture This kind of storage has become popular in many villages of JaunpurThis kind of storage has become popular in many villages of Jaunpur

Zero Energy Cool ChamberZero Energy Cool Chamber

Members of Adarsh SHG in district Raebareli wanted to Members of Adarsh SHG in district Raebareli wanted to enhance shelf life of perishable items. enhance shelf life of perishable items.

Construction of zero energy cool chambers with sand Construction of zero energy cool chambers with sand and bricks.and bricks.

Two walls of bricks are constructed with sand in Two walls of bricks are constructed with sand in between.between.

To maintain the inside temperature, water droplets are To maintain the inside temperature, water droplets are applied on sand.applied on sand.

Vegetables are kept in this zero energy cool chamber Vegetables are kept in this zero energy cool chamber and are marketed on better prices. and are marketed on better prices.

PROJECT INTERVENTION PROJECT INTERVENTION WITH WITH

RESPECTRESPECT TO TO

WOMENWOMEN EMPOWERMENTEMPOWERMENT

WHY CONSIDER GENDER IN LAND RECLAMATION PROJECTS ?

1. To Break the myths that-

• Women do only domestic work, they have no significant contribution for household income, agriculture etc.

• Project benefits are equally shared by each family member

• Technology although targeted for men folk, will benefit both men and women

• Women’s voice can be heard through male head of the family.

• Women’s knowledge and access is limited, hence they are incompetent for certain activities

• Women are exposure phobic, prefer to continue to confine to their surroundings

• Women are passive agents for change.

2. To recognize women as a major stakeholder in our project. Despite significant contribution, they lack ownership rights and permanent access to the resources

3 Mobilize resources for effective management of agriculture and allied activities to produce more.

4. Assist them to gain new access to productive resources.

5. Provide frame work for collective action

6. Help them generate and use their own resources to advocate their own rights.

8. Provide social infrastructure to improve social cohesion at village level

What was done towards Gender Equity ?What was done towards Gender Equity ?

• Both male & female members of family recognized as Both male & female members of family recognized as members of SIC to involve them in land reclamation members of SIC to involve them in land reclamation process and establish their access to resources and process and establish their access to resources and technology technology

• Women farmer selected as Mahila Mitra Kishan to Women farmer selected as Mahila Mitra Kishan to disseminate technology to women farmersdisseminate technology to women farmers

• SHGs enhanced economic capacities of women and they SHGs enhanced economic capacities of women and they emerged as “ Provider “ of credit for agriculture support emerged as “ Provider “ of credit for agriculture support

• Capacity enhancement of SHGs through training and Capacity enhancement of SHGs through training and exposure visitexposure visit

Glimpses of successes of WSHGs’

•The majority of SHG women are from families with almost little or no access to the productive resources,

•These resource poor women, with the use of indigenous knowledge, are contributing towards enhancing their family income

•Some of these activities include Bidi-making from Tendu leaves, leaf cup plate making, basket making and mat-making through elephant grass, rope making from sun hemp etc.

Economic activities

•Bhadki Devi, member of "Sneh" SHG, of Tulsipur village of Sultanpur district has established Rice Mill.

•Kamlesh Devi, member of "Puja" WSHG have opened Public Distribution System shop in district Kanpur.

•Cheddi devi of Girta SHG has established Flour mill,

•Numerous others have diversified themselves in activities like apiary, dairy, piggery, goatry, grocery etc

Collective economic endeavors of SHGs

•Members of Rekha WSHG, of village Chirkuaa of district Auriya are collectively doing embroidery work.

•Similarly Members of "Jaanki" WSHG, of "Karnau" village of district Pratapgarh are collectively doing fishery.

•Nandani, member of SHG of "Pepalgava" village of Aligarh district facilitated in establishment of Parag Dairy in her village and currently all the members of the group are collectively engaged in dairy

247 women appointed dealers of Hindustan Lever Ltd. 247 women appointed dealers of Hindustan Lever Ltd. for marketing the personal care products. for marketing the personal care products.

Gets a daily business of Rs 250 – Rs 300 Gets a daily business of Rs 250 – Rs 300 A change in the attitude of women from housewife to A change in the attitude of women from housewife to

business lady. business lady. A step towards her economic empowerment, where A step towards her economic empowerment, where

women decides her own product portfoliowomen decides her own product portfolio. .

Economic Activities with Corporate Economic Activities with Corporate LinkagesLinkages

Support to Agriculture activities

•The Members of "Durga" WSHG of Vero-savaya village of district Jaunpur purchased winnowing fan through group dividend and are providing it to other farmers on hire basis.

• Member of "Aakansha" WSHG of village gadha is running an agriculture input service shop through group loan.

• Rekha Devi of "Jai Haridas Baba" WSHG of village "Salemabad", of district Fatehpur is a dealer of IFFCO input service center.

Functional literacy and Empowerment

•Chandra Devi of Beni Harsinghpur of District Fatehpur was a Mahila Mitra Kisan and was later elected as a Panchayat member

•369 members were elected as ward members / BDC members / Gram Pradhan

Feeling of Self-Help

•Ms Rachkala, president of “Radha SHG”, of Belwa hasanpur village of Raibarielly district, despite of being a widow and disabled with one limb, not only reclaimed the sodic land but is also doing goatry and running grocery shop through group loan.

•Champa, a Scheduled Caste member of Parvati SHG of Bhikampur village of Etawah district started piggery through group loan and repaid old debts of her family.

Voice against social vices

•"Shakuntala Devi" SHG member of village Goghmau of Sultanpur district with the support of cluster not only restrained her husband from alcoholism but also restricted the sale of alcohol in her village.

Drudgery reduction

•Sangita, a scheduled caste member of Santoshi SHG and Vidhya of Jai Lakshmi SHG of Soro village of district Allahabad, facilitated in establishing common toilets for women through group capital.

•Members of SHGs of Sandila, Hardoi district are participating in the scheme of "Unnat Rasoi Yojana", in which they have been provided safe cooking appliances such as Cooking gas, pressure cooker, gas connection etc by Govt. / bank

Networking of SHGs into ClusterNetworking of SHGs into Cluster

Groups formed under UPSLRP-I were further network Groups formed under UPSLRP-I were further network into 227 clustersinto 227 clusters

With the intervention of Swashakti project the clusters With the intervention of Swashakti project the clusters were strengthened to address broader issues of women were strengthened to address broader issues of women capacity building :– capacity building :– • Gender equity through workshops, seminars , street plays etcGender equity through workshops, seminars , street plays etc• Literacy through primary schools Literacy through primary schools • Health & hygiene including RCH & MCH servicesHealth & hygiene including RCH & MCH services• Social vices including domestic violence, dowry , sex abuse etc.Social vices including domestic violence, dowry , sex abuse etc.

SEWA Lucknow has extended support in the areas of SEWA Lucknow has extended support in the areas of training and marketing of chiken worktraining and marketing of chiken work

QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS (WSHGs)

Number of Women SHGs =6962

Savings and Linkages with bank•Total saving = Rs 531.95 Lacs •Total groups linked with banks = 3452•CCL disbursed = Rs. 371.17 Lacs •Total Capital = 903.12 Lacs

Internal Loaning in WSHGs = Rs. 867.40 Lacs•Agriculture = 359.86 Lacs•Domestic = 279.55 Lacs•Economic= 227.99 Lacs

FARMER LED EXTENSION

FARMER FIELD SCHOOL

WHY?

•“Farmers school" a community-based, demand-driven system for technology development and dissemination established to ensure the sustainability of project impacts.

•Such institutions have increased the participation of farming communities towards agriculture development, appropriate land use, exchanging knowledge & indigenous technology, upgrading the quality of life of members and ensuring effective management of their resources.

•126 FFS have been formed, catering to the needs of 19,850 member farmers of 1470 villages

THE CONCEPT

•The Farmer school is a network of progressive farmers of villages within the radius of 5 Kms.

•These schools involve farmers in learning and disseminating the appropriate technologies to other farmers

•The network also provides a mechanism of shared participation both in ideas and collective efforts for community development and opens a formal channel to facilitate linkages with government organization and credit institutions at local level

ACTIVITIES OF FFS

Transfer of technology

• 1473 master trainers on different subjects (Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, ITK, SHGs, Fisheries, Bee keeping, Organic farming etc.) have been developed .

•They are providing regular training to member farmers.

Promotion of Organic farmingPromotion of Organic farming

•647 Nadep, 573 Vermi Compost pit and 100 CPP have been formed with the support of master trainers.

•474 fertilizer sale outlets established for providing quality fertilizer to other farmers.

 CCredit facilitationredit facilitation

•FFS facilitated in formation of 708 WSHGs and 418 MSHGs

•Credit camps have also been organized where 7840 KCC were distributed to farmers and 425 SHGs were linked with bank for CCL

FFS & e-choupalFFS & e-choupal A corporate Information Technology intervention to Farmers

Field School An internet kiosk in the village to promote agribusiness and

sustainable extension network An access point to readily available crop-specific vernacular

websites Weather forecast and best farming practices Price trends of different crops A service centre for input supply and procurement of produces ITC’s e-choupal has been set up in FFS of Sultanpur ,

Allahabad & Hardoi district

Corporate Linkages of FFS for Sustainability:

•FFS linked with private institutions to get support in the area of procurement of seeds, fertilizers, skill based trainings, literature, activities to develop FFS as a `Centre of Excellence’ in the field of Agriculture.

IFFCO provided literature, training and building maintenance support as well as dealership for sale of fertilizers to 17 FFS.

INDOGULF provided support in the areas of training and free soil testing

Libraries established in almost all the FFS and a set of 27 books worth Rs.13000/- provided to highly vibrant 99 FFS and Clusters with the support of Dept. of Information .

•Linkages also established with Dept. of Agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry KVK etc for updation of technical know how and derive benefits of schemes implemented by these Departments.

THANKSTHANKS