Utilizing benefits by combining micro-/ and ultrafiltration with other processes Grit Hoffmann, André Tatzel, Holger Lutze, Ralph Hobby, Marcel Koti Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Panglisch Mechanical Process Engineering/ Water Technology University of Duisburg-Essen
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Utilizing benefits by combining micro-/ and
ultrafiltration with other processes
Grit Hoffmann, André Tatzel, Holger Lutze,
Ralph Hobby, Marcel Koti
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Panglisch
Mechanical Process Engineering/ Water Technology
University of Duisburg-Essen
Combining micro-/ and ultrafiltration (MF and UF) with other processes
2
Treatment Target
Turbidity/ Particles
Sedimentation and/or
Conventional Filtration
or Flotation
CO2-Dosage Calcite Filtration
CO2-Dosage Calcite
Filtration
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Activated Carbon
Filtration
Nanofiltration/
Reverse
Osmosis
Stabilization
Ozonation Activated Carbon
Filtration
Dehardening/
decarbonization/
precipitation
Flotation
Ozonation
Residual Ozone
Destruction
Ceramic
Membrane
Ozonation
Nanofiltration/
Reverse
Osmosis
Stabilization
Dis
trib
uti
on
Net
Dis
infe
cti
on
(o
pti
on
al)
Multistage treatment with membranes
Po
lym
eri
c/ C
era
mic
MF
/UF
Me
mb
ran
e
Biofiltration
Activated Carbon Filtration
if n
ee
de
d p
refi
ltra
tio
n (
e.g
. c
art
rid
ge
filte
rs)
(ca
. 3
00
µm
)
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Taste/ Odor/ Colour
Turbidity/ Particles
+
DOC
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Manganese
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Re-Hardening
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Nonpolar Organic
Micropollutants
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Desalination
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Organic Micropollutants
Oxidation (e.g. KMnO4, O2)
Manganese Removal
Coagulation
and/or
MIEX
Combining micro-/ and ultrafiltration (MF and UF) with other processes
3
Treatment Target
Turbidity/ Particles
Sedimentation and/or
Conventional Filtration
or Flotation
CO2-Dosage Calcite Filtration
CO2-Dosage Calcite
Filtration
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Activated Carbon
Filtration
Nanofiltration/
Reverse
Osmosis
Stabilization
Ozonation Activated Carbon
Filtration
Dehardening/
decarbonization/
precipitation
Flotation
Ozonation
Residual Ozone
Destruction
Ceramic
Membrane
Ozonation
Nanofiltration/
Reverse
Osmosis
Stabilization
Dis
trib
uti
on
Net
Dis
infe
cti
on
(o
pti
on
al)
Multistage treatment with membranes
Po
lym
eri
c/ C
era
mic
MF
/UF
Me
mb
ran
e
Biofiltration
Activated Carbon Filtration
if n
ee
de
d p
refi
ltra
tio
n (
e.g
. c
art
rid
ge
filte
rs)
(ca
. 3
00
µm
)
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Taste/ Odor/ Colour
Turbidity/ Particles
+
DOC
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Manganese
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Re-Hardening
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Nonpolar Organic
Micropollutants
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Desalination
Turbidity/ Particles
+
Organic Micropollutants
Oxidation (e.g. KMnO4, O2)
Manganese Removal
Coagulation
and/or
MIEX
Summary
Combined membrane processes can produce synergies
Combined coagulation/membrane filtration
increase the removal for dissolved organics
decreases the required dosage of coagulant (if needed for particle
removal)
decreases fouling
Combined ozonation/membrane filtration
increases the removal of oxidizable compounds
decreases the required dosage of ozone (if needed for disinfection)
decreases fouling
Combined PAC/membrane filtration
increases the removal of adsorbable compounds
decreases the required dosage of PAC (as single dosage is possible)
decreases fouling (first single results give reason for believing in this)
BUT: operational parameters have to be optimized and
properly adjusted
4
5
Foulants in MF/UF
Inorganic and organic colloids
Different fractions of DOC (dissolvedorganic carbon)
LC-OCD chromatography by DOC Labor Huber
7
Foulants in MF/UF
Inorganic and organic colloids
High molecular weight organics e.g.
Biopolymers,
polysaccharides,
proteins,
polyhydroxyaromatics,
amino sugars
TEP = transparent exopolymeric particles
negatively charged biopolymers usually colonised
by bacteria
Low molecular weight organics either charged
or neutral
8
Foulants
Foulants in MF/UF
sticks on membrane surfaces or on/in membrane
pores
9
Foulants
Foulants in MF/UF
sticks on membrane surfaces or on/in membrane
pores
crosslinks particles and particles and membrane
10
Foulants
Foulants in MF/UF
sticks on membrane surfaces or on/in membrane
pores
crosslinks particles and particles and membrane
cannot be removed by backwashing (irreversible
fouling)
11
Foulants
Foulants in MF/UF
sticks on membrane surfaces or on/in membrane
pores
crosslinks particles and particles and membrane
cannot be removed by backwashing (irreversible
fouling)
cannot be removed by chemical cleaning (chemically
irreversible fouling)
12
How to reduce irreversible fouling
Pre-treatment Coagulation
to remove high molecular weight organics
to remove colloids
to enhance backwash efficiency
Anionic resins (MIEX , SIX )
to remove charged organics (either of low or high molecularweight)
Powdered activated carbon (PAC)
effect unclear (may be deep bed filtration effect)
Combined coagulation and PAC dosage
PAC improves the cake behavior of the flocs morepermeable layers, further enhanced backwash efficiency
Ozonation
residual ozone on the membrane surface increasesmembrane permeability