Utilizing a Spring Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic as a Kinetic Regenerative Regenerative Braking System in Braking System in Vehicles Vehicles Eugene Lee Eugene Lee
Jan 05, 2016
Utilizing a Spring as a Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic Regenerative Kinetic Regenerative
Braking System in Braking System in VehiclesVehicles
Eugene LeeEugene Lee
Modern engines are excessively largeModern engines are excessively large
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/environmental-reporting/report-cards/transport/2009/images/figure-8.jpg
NeedNeedEngine Sizes from 2000-2007Graph 1
(Martinez et al, 2008)
•Domestic Transport produced 10% of total Domestic Transport produced 10% of total emission in Europe during 2004emission in Europe during 2004
Diagram 1
Regenerative BrakingRegenerative Braking Mostly electrical systems in useMostly electrical systems in use
Conversion lossesConversion losses
Regenerative BrakingRegenerative Braking Kinetic energy recovery systems do Kinetic energy recovery systems do
not suffer from electrical losses not suffer from electrical losses
Flywheel, Hydraulic, Spring systemsFlywheel, Hydraulic, Spring systems
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics Vex Robots will be used to simulate a Vex Robots will be used to simulate a
vehiclevehicle
Example of programming setupExample of programming setup
Model Design PlanModel Design Plan
Motor
Motor Motor
Wheels
Wheels
Vex RobotBatteryBattery
RatchetRatchet
Spring Spring Activator Activator MotorMotor
Rubber dots act Rubber dots act as Face Gearsas Face Gears
SpringSpring AxleAxle
Rack and Rack and Pinion GearsPinion Gears
Processing UnitProcessing Unit
Gear separates, Gear separates, allowing wheels allowing wheels to turnto turn
Turns Spring Turns Spring Activator MotorActivator Motor
Turns Movement Turns Movement MotorsMotors
Activate Activate MotorsMotors
‘‘Gears’ intermesh, Gears’ intermesh, causing the Spring to causing the Spring to spin on one endspin on one end
Spring attaches Spring attaches onto static gearonto static gear
Spring has tensionSpring has tension
Spring attaches Spring attaches onto wheel, onto wheel, releases energyreleases energy
MATLABMATLAB A computational program A computational program
which can be used to which can be used to simulate real world forcessimulate real world forces
ADVISOR - a Premade system for regenerative braking Example code and graphical view
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Li et al (2008) used a microcontroller and Li et al (2008) used a microcontroller and CVT to increase the efficiencyCVT to increase the efficiency
Figure 1: Shows the system configuration of Li’s drive system.
Figure 2: Shows a simple CVT
Torsion Spring CVT
Accelerometer and MCU
Engine
Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Kinetic Energy Recovery System for VehiclesKinetic Energy Recovery System for Vehicles”; Nanyang ”; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 20087 October, 2008
http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/eee/news/FTF/FTF_Design_Challenge.pdf
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Leonard et al (2003) used a tension Leonard et al (2003) used a tension spring to store energy for bicycles. spring to store energy for bicycles.
Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Braking SystemRegenerative Braking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02; ME 59; 9-2003-02
http://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003-04.pdf
Literature ReviewLiterature Review Martinez et al 2008 experimented with a Martinez et al 2008 experimented with a
mechanical flywheel regenerative modelmechanical flywheel regenerative model
Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple Mechanical Transmission A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008
www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf
•In an urban setting, frequent braking is observedIn an urban setting, frequent braking is observed
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in a vehiclea vehicle
Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Development Development and Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicleand Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle ; The ; The University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000
http://146.164.33.61/termo/Motores/trabalhos%2007/P2000_04.pdf
Figure 1. SIMULINK block diagram schematic of ADVISOR used in research
PurposePurpose
To determine a spring powered To determine a spring powered kinetic energy regeneration system’s kinetic energy regeneration system’s feasibility in real world usage. feasibility in real world usage.
Engineering GoalsEngineering Goals
To create a working system that:To create a working system that:
– allows for greater energy production allows for greater energy production than energy lost through its frictionthan energy lost through its friction
– successfully is able to use energy lost successfully is able to use energy lost from braking to forward momentumfrom braking to forward momentum
BudgetBudget
VendorVendor Order #Order # Quantity Quantity DescriptionDescription PricePriceTotal Total priceprice
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2330-EASYC276-2330-EASYC 11 VEX RobotVEX Robot
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2184276-2184 11Advanced Advanced Gear KitGear Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2163276-2163 11 Motor KitMotor Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99
Vex RoboticsVex Robotics 276-2162276-2162 11 Servo KitServo Kit $19.99 $19.99 $19.99 $19.99
Stock Drive Stock Drive ProductsProducts A 1B14-24012A 1B14-24012 22
Ratchet and Ratchet and PawlPawl $7.10 $7.10 $14.20 $14.20
TotalTotal $74.17$74.17
Available at schoolAvailable at school
FlowchartFlowchartVex RobotVex Robot MATLABMATLAB
With Equipment (friction +
weight)
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Energy captured
Compare two results, should not be significantly different from each other
Without Equipment (control)
With unattached Equipment (weight)
With Equipment (friction +
weight)
Without Equipment (control)
With unattached Equipment (weight)
n=50
Determine energy output of spring devicen=50 Determine energy output of spring device
Compare results, should not be significantly different from each other
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Distance traveled / # of rotations
Compare spring output energy with spring energy losses
Analyze through SPSS after processing
Physical TestingPhysical Testing Computer SimulationComputer Simulation
Do-abilityDo-ability
VEX robot is easy to use and adjustVEX robot is easy to use and adjust
No large or costly materialsNo large or costly materials
Prior experience with programming and Prior experience with programming and other roboticsother robotics
Going to Stony Brook Engineering CampGoing to Stony Brook Engineering Camp
BibliographyBibliography Hewitt, Paul G.; Hewitt, Paul G.; Conceptual PhysicsConceptual Physics; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003 Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Kinetic Kinetic
Energy Recovery System for VehiclesEnergy Recovery System for Vehicles; Nanyang Technological ; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008
Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Regenerative Braking SystemBraking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02 ; ME 59; 9-2003-02
Kilcarr, Sean; Kilcarr, Sean; Shifting for fuel economyShifting for fuel economy; Fleet Owner; February 1, ; Fleet Owner; February 1, 20062006
Harrington, Winston; Harrington, Winston; A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options for Motor Vehiclesfor Motor Vehicles; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; ; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; Page 22Page 22
Martinez, James; Martinez, James; Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009; Motor ; Motor Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html>energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html>
Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008
Ogando, Joseph; Ogando, Joseph; A different Kind of HybridA different Kind of Hybrid; Design News, July 16, ; Design News, July 16, 2007; Volume 62 #10; Page 752007; Volume 62 #10; Page 75
http://www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf