2019-04-23 1 UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MSW Jan Nadziakiewicz MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MSW is a waste generated by human activity in the place of living in towns , settlements and in surrounding enterprises ( shops , restaurants , schools , cultural institutions etc.). Municipal Solid Waste composition Kitchen waste (food waste, vegetables, fruits, etc.), Natural origin materials (paper, textiles, metals), Synthetic materials (plastics). Morphological composition of MSW in Poland: - organic waste 31,7% - fine fraction 21,4% - paper , cardboard 18,6% - glass 7,5% - plastics 4% - metals 3,5% - others 13,3%. MSW utilization 1. Segregation Recycling 2. Sorting Recycling 3. Komposting 4. Incineration 5. Landfilling
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UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MSWcleanalternative.eu/.../KIC3.-Utilization-of-Municipal-Solid-Waste-19.pdf · Recovery and processing (conversion) of substances and materials
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Morphological composition of MSW in Poland:-organic waste 31,7%-fine fraction 21,4%-paper, cardboard 18,6%-glass 7,5%-plastics 4%-metals 3,5%-others 13,3%.
MSW utilization
1. Segregation Recycling
2. Sorting Recycling
3. Komposting
4. Incineration
5. Landfilling
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Segregation and Recycling
The purpose of Segregation:
Reduction of amount of waste generated.
Recovery of products useful after modifications.
The purpose of Recycling:
Recovery and processing (conversion) of substances
and materials present in waste to obtain substances or
materials that can be used in the same process or in
other processes.
Recovery of Energy.
As a result of segregation and recycling the amount of
waste stored on the landfill space (dumping place) is
reduced and the emission to environment is minimized.
Types of recycling
Product recycling (eg. glass bottles).
Material recycling (eg. metal cans, waste paper).
Energy recycling (waste incineration with heat
recovery).
Recycling in EU
In EU countries the MSW recycling level is:
Paper 50-80%,
Scrap steel 80-90%,
Glass 60-80%,
Plastics 40-80%,
Aluminium 70%.
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Waste storage (landfilling)
The place for landfilling should be provided with the
leachate insulation, draining systems, gas insulation, gasutilization systems.
The landfilling place and its surrounding must be constantly monitored.
By landfilling most of materials are lost at the same timethey spoil the environment.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL PLACE
Landfill
The waste to be landfilled must be compacted by special equipment. This prevents the air to enter the material and reduces biological reactions leading to leachating and gas producing.
The harmful products are: leachate, gas, dust.
Gases generated as a result of biological and thermal reactions should be safely removed from the waste layer to prevent explosion.
Maximal thickness of waste layer should not exceed 2m and they should be covered by the insulating layer of inert material of a thickness about 0.2m (sand, slag, debris).
These layers are insulations against gas, odour and dustemission, against small animals.
The foil cover the landfill place prevents dusting and sanitar risk for surrounding place.
Full landfilling place should be recultivated, possibly to the state similar to previous terrain.
Recultivation (reclamation) is made by covering the waste by a soil of a thickness about 1m and planting the grass or bushes for organizing the recreation garden.