Utilization of 5sec Data in Data Quality Programs for Meteorological Towers

Utilization of 5sec Data Utilization of 5sec Data in Data Quality in Data Quality

Programs Programs for Meteorological for Meteorological

TowersTowers

Harold Osborn, CHPHarold Osborn, CHP

AMEREN, Callaway PlantAMEREN, Callaway Plant

Tim Waldron, Met AssociatesTim Waldron, Met Associates

NUMUG June 26th, 2008NUMUG June 26th, 2008

SummarySummary

* Higher frequency un-averaged (raw) * Higher frequency un-averaged (raw) met data from towers can provide an met data from towers can provide an additional tool to assess data quality additional tool to assess data quality and instrument performance. and instrument performance.

* The benefits of utilizing 5sec data in * The benefits of utilizing 5sec data in the overall QA/QC effort at Ameren’s the overall QA/QC effort at Ameren’s Callaway nuclear plant are described Callaway nuclear plant are described with examples.with examples.

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Part 1 – Brief Description of Callaway Met Part 1 – Brief Description of Callaway Met System Upgrade (Fall 2007)System Upgrade (Fall 2007)

• Part 2 – The Role of 5sec Data in the Part 2 – The Role of 5sec Data in the Callaway Met QA/QC Functional ProcessCallaway Met QA/QC Functional Process

• 1 – Early, or EXCLUSIVE, detection of problems1 – Early, or EXCLUSIVE, detection of problems• 2 – Determination of local instrument siting or exposure 2 – Determination of local instrument siting or exposure

effects effects • 3 – Observe/Confirm Calibration Checks3 – Observe/Confirm Calibration Checks• 4 – Meteorological insight into the local dispersive 4 – Meteorological insight into the local dispersive

processes.processes.

• Part 3 – Summary & ConclusionsPart 3 – Summary & Conclusions

OLDOLD Callaway Meteorological Callaway Meteorological SystemSystem

• MeasurementsMeasurements– Primary Tower SitePrimary Tower Site

•90m: WS / WD / Sig-T / DewPt / 90-10 delta-T90m: WS / WD / Sig-T / DewPt / 90-10 delta-T

•60m: WS / WD / Sig-T / 60-10 delta-T60m: WS / WD / Sig-T / 60-10 delta-T

•10m: WS / WD / Sig-T / T / DewPt / Precip10m: WS / WD / Sig-T / T / DewPt / Precip

– Secondary TowerSecondary Tower•10m: WS / WD / Sig-T / T10m: WS / WD / Sig-T / T

OLDOLD Callaway Meteorological System (con’t) Callaway Meteorological System (con’t)

• Backup tower was 1.5 miles displacedBackup tower was 1.5 miles displaced• 1980’s architecture Climatronics analogue 1980’s architecture Climatronics analogue

based systembased system• A/D sampling interval was 5 secA/D sampling interval was 5 sec

– (Analogue signal sampling at plant computer)(Analogue signal sampling at plant computer)

• Plant Computer checked basic DQ flags Plant Computer checked basic DQ flags and calculated 15 and 60 minute averages and calculated 15 and 60 minute averages for ER and Dose Assessmentfor ER and Dose Assessment

• High Maintenance – Obsolete system and High Maintenance – Obsolete system and tower climbing to 90mtower climbing to 90m

Callaway Fall 2007 Met System Callaway Fall 2007 Met System UpgradeUpgrade

MAJOR FEATURESMAJOR FEATURES • Secondary Tower was EliminatedSecondary Tower was Eliminated• Primary Tower was reduced from 90m to Primary Tower was reduced from 90m to

60m in Height60m in Height• Two Elevator Systems were installed.Two Elevator Systems were installed.• Met-One system with CSI redundant Met-One system with CSI redundant

dataloggers was installeddataloggers was installed• Added stdev’s to all measurementsAdded stdev’s to all measurements• Maintained transmission of 5sec data to the Maintained transmission of 5sec data to the

plant computerplant computer

Callaway Fall 2007 Met System Callaway Fall 2007 Met System UpgradeUpgrade

MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS• Duplicate Instruments (A-train, B-train) were installed at the Duplicate Instruments (A-train, B-train) were installed at the

10m and 60m tower levels10m and 60m tower levels• A-train mounting boom projects into the NW sectorA-train mounting boom projects into the NW sector• B-train mounting boom projects to the S B-train mounting boom projects to the S

• Tower Measurements:Tower Measurements:– A10mWS, B10mWS, A60mWS, B60mWSA10mWS, B10mWS, A60mWS, B60mWS– A10mWD, B10mWD, A60mWD, B60mWDA10mWD, B10mWD, A60mWD, B60mWD– A10m sig-T, B10m sig-T, A60m sig-T, B60m sig-TA10m sig-T, B10m sig-T, A60m sig-T, B60m sig-T– A10mT, B10mT, A60mT, B60mTA10mT, B10mT, A60mT, B60mT– A60-10 dT, B60-10 dTA60-10 dT, B60-10 dT– A10mRH (& calc dew point), B60mRH (& calc dew point)A10mRH (& calc dew point), B60mRH (& calc dew point)

• Ground MeasurementsGround Measurements– Total Solar Radiation (new addition after much “begging”)Total Solar Radiation (new addition after much “begging”)– PrecipitationPrecipitation

Old Tower Instrument BoomOld Tower Instrument Boom

Old Tower Instrument BoomOld Tower Instrument Boom

New Tower Instrument New Tower Instrument BoomBoom

New Booms and ElevatorsNew Booms and Elevators

New Booms and ElevatorsNew Booms and Elevators

View of “New” Tower View of “New” Tower

Derivation of 5sec Data at the Derivation of 5sec Data at the Callway PlantCallway Plant

• SoftwareSoftware

The 5sec Met data are accessed and graphically displayed by a plant-wide (can display all process parameters, not just the meteorological data stream) software program called eDNA Trend (hereafter just eDNA).

The software has a long history at the plant and is licensed by InStep Software, LLC,

55 E. Monroe - Suite 2710, Chicago, Illinois 60603. (312) 894-7837 www.instepsoftware.com, www.ippc.com

eDNA is used on local desktop PCs that communicate to an eDNA system via the eDNA distributed network architecture or on the eDNA system server. eDNA Trend displays eDNA historical data in the form of trends and plots.

eDNA History With the eDNA History With the Callaway Met ProgramCallaway Met Program

• eDNA was used very sporadically, if at all before eDNA was used very sporadically, if at all before 2001 for the meteorological system.2001 for the meteorological system.

• 2002-2004 – eDNA was used by the met system 2002-2004 – eDNA was used by the met system engineers for troubleshooting failures. engineers for troubleshooting failures.

• In 2004, after several problems and failures went In 2004, after several problems and failures went unnoticed for extended periods, the annual data unnoticed for extended periods, the annual data review by the meteorologist was modified to include review by the meteorologist was modified to include daily review of the 15min and hourly data sent from daily review of the 15min and hourly data sent from the plant. eDNA displays were created and sent to the plant. eDNA displays were created and sent to the meteorologist upon specific requests (had a lot the meteorologist upon specific requests (had a lot of moisture interference on dT channels back then).of moisture interference on dT channels back then).

eDNA History With the eDNA History With the Callaway Met ProgramCallaway Met Program

2006 – After recognizing the benefits of the 2006 – After recognizing the benefits of the program, the off-site meteorologist was given Off-program, the off-site meteorologist was given Off-site Security Access to access the eDNA system. site Security Access to access the eDNA system.

2006-2008 – The off-site meteorologist logs-in every 2006-2008 – The off-site meteorologist logs-in every day to the system, executes about 40 different day to the system, executes about 40 different views of the met system data (including 5sec views of the met system data (including 5sec data), and creates a documentation file everyday data), and creates a documentation file everyday to aid in later data validation. to aid in later data validation.

2007 – The decision was made to include 5sec data 2007 – The decision was made to include 5sec data transmission in the intended met system upgrade.transmission in the intended met system upgrade.

eDNA Role in Callaway Data eDNA Role in Callaway Data QCQC•1 – Early, or EXCLUSIVE, detection 1 – Early, or EXCLUSIVE, detection

of problems with daily 24hr reviewsof problems with daily 24hr reviews

•2 – Determination of local 2 – Determination of local instrument siting or exposure instrument siting or exposure effects – VERY IMPORTANT FOR effects – VERY IMPORTANT FOR NEW UPGRADED SYSTEMNEW UPGRADED SYSTEM

•3 – Observe/Confirm Calibration 3 – Observe/Confirm Calibration ChecksChecks

•4 – Meteorological insight into the 4 – Meteorological insight into the local dispersive processes.local dispersive processes.

Graphics Conventions (old Graphics Conventions (old Data)Data)

• ““Thermal” color scheme (warm ground, cool top)Thermal” color scheme (warm ground, cool top)

• 90m data in blue90m data in blue

• 60m data in green60m data in green

• 10m data in red (primary tower)10m data in red (primary tower)

• 10m data in orange (sec tower)10m data in orange (sec tower)

• P = Primary TowerP = Primary Tower

• S = Secondary TowerS = Secondary Tower

Graphics Conventions (new Graphics Conventions (new Data)Data)

• Unless Noted, all plots are 24hrs across x Unless Noted, all plots are 24hrs across x AxisAxis

• Colors Somewhat Variable but mostly:Colors Somewhat Variable but mostly:

• AA10m data in blue10m data in blue

• B10m data in red B10m data in red

• A60m data in greenA60m data in green

• B60m data in light blueB60m data in light blue

Examples of Daily Generated Examples of Daily Generated PlotsPlots

• With eDNA templates already setup, With eDNA templates already setup, generate about 50 graphical displays generate about 50 graphical displays each night (5sec, 15min, and stability each night (5sec, 15min, and stability calcs)calcs)

• Few simple commands will export all Few simple commands will export all displayed data into Excel Template for displayed data into Excel Template for Sorting or Difference AnalysisSorting or Difference Analysis

eDNA 5sec: All 4 Temperature Channels eDNA 5sec: All 4 Temperature Channels

eDNA 5sec: A10mT and B10mT eDNA 5sec: A10mT and B10mT

eDNA 5sec: A60mT and B60mT eDNA 5sec: A60mT and B60mT

eDNA: A10mWS and B10WS (2 gust fronts)eDNA: A10mWS and B10WS (2 gust fronts)

eDNA 5sec: Same graph, enlarged, 2 ½ hrs. eDNA 5sec: Same graph, enlarged, 2 ½ hrs. Did you see the bird “perching”???Did you see the bird “perching”???

eDNA 15min: Still same 10mWS. Find the eDNA 15min: Still same 10mWS. Find the bird problem in the 15min data??bird problem in the 15min data??

eDNA 5sec: 10mWD (A & B channels) eDNA 5sec: 10mWD (A & B channels)

eDNA 5sec: 60mWD (A & B channels) eDNA 5sec: 60mWD (A & B channels)

eDNA 15min: 10mWD (A & B chennels) eDNA 15min: 10mWD (A & B chennels)

eDNA 15min: 60mWD (A & B chennels) eDNA 15min: 60mWD (A & B chennels)

eDNA 5sec & 15min: both 60m WD’s and 60m Sig-eDNA 5sec & 15min: both 60m WD’s and 60m Sig-theta theta

eDNA 5sec: Both RH ChannelseDNA 5sec: Both RH Channels

eDNA 5sec: RED=SolRad, BLUE = 60-10 dTeDNA 5sec: RED=SolRad, BLUE = 60-10 dT

eDNA 5sec: Same Slide. Did you notice that eDNA 5sec: Same Slide. Did you notice that it got dark late morning – Big storm it got dark late morning – Big storm

complex. That helps explain the daytime complex. That helps explain the daytime stable period. stable period.

eDNA Daily Review SummaryeDNA Daily Review Summary

• Those 13 slides you saw for 6/24/08, plus 15-30 Those 13 slides you saw for 6/24/08, plus 15-30 more depending on the complexity of the more depending on the complexity of the weather, will greatly define the meteorology of weather, will greatly define the meteorology of the day.the day.

• It only takes about 45mins to create, review, and It only takes about 45mins to create, review, and document unless troubleshooting is needed.document unless troubleshooting is needed.

• If more analysis is needed, a very simple and If more analysis is needed, a very simple and quick few commands can import all the 5sec data quick few commands can import all the 5sec data for the day into an Excel template which has been for the day into an Excel template which has been setup to create difference analysis plots. We’ll setup to create difference analysis plots. We’ll see that when we look at tower shadow zones.see that when we look at tower shadow zones.

eDNA Problem DiscoverieseDNA Problem Discoveries

• The eDNA 5sec graphics display has been The eDNA 5sec graphics display has been used to find following problems:used to find following problems:

– Unstable temperature channel due to a Unstable temperature channel due to a sticking relay (was “stepping” with changes).sticking relay (was “stepping” with changes).

– Intermittent failure of a dew point sensor Intermittent failure of a dew point sensor (failure mode was a sine-wave form).(failure mode was a sine-wave form).

– Intermittent bird perching on both WS and WD Intermittent bird perching on both WS and WD sensors (has damaged WD).sensors (has damaged WD).

– A bad program instruction which resulted in A bad program instruction which resulted in bad 10m Sigma-theta’s but bad 60m calcs.bad 10m Sigma-theta’s but bad 60m calcs.

eDNA Problem Discoveries eDNA Problem Discoveries (con’t)(con’t)

- Found that random wind directions were being - Found that random wind directions were being transmitted when the potentiometer was in the transmitted when the potentiometer was in the 355-360 degree dead zone. These spurious data 355-360 degree dead zone. These spurious data can affect sigma-theta more than WD.can affect sigma-theta more than WD.

Through the higher resolution data graphics we Through the higher resolution data graphics we have also been able to determine a slight bias have also been able to determine a slight bias introduced in the temperatures as a function of introduced in the temperatures as a function of solar radiation.solar radiation.

eDNA 5sec plot showing WD data scatter eDNA 5sec plot showing WD data scatter with 355-360 deg WDwith 355-360 deg WD

eDNA Another eDNA 5sec plot showing WD eDNA Another eDNA 5sec plot showing WD data scatter with 355-360 deg WDdata scatter with 355-360 deg WD

Use of eDNA to examine tower shadow Use of eDNA to examine tower shadow effects on met data measurements.effects on met data measurements.

• With the addition of the two elevator With the addition of the two elevator systems increasing the cross-sectional systems increasing the cross-sectional density of the tower, it was not surprising to density of the tower, it was not surprising to see effects on the met data when flow was see effects on the met data when flow was through or near the tower. through or near the tower.

• The eDNA 5sec data were used for many The eDNA 5sec data were used for many days to plot effects (WS, WD, Sig-T) as a days to plot effects (WS, WD, Sig-T) as a function of appropriate WD to find the exact function of appropriate WD to find the exact interference zones (different for each interference zones (different for each sensor). The 5sec data give a real cause & sensor). The 5sec data give a real cause & effect result because there is no averaging, effect result because there is no averaging, only the assumption that the meteorology is only the assumption that the meteorology is constant over a 10 ft scale.constant over a 10 ft scale.

eDNA Tower Shadow Determination (con’t)eDNA Tower Shadow Determination (con’t)

• We will look at several daily eDNA derived plots for the We will look at several daily eDNA derived plots for the A60m WS sensor only. Only the Blue 60m data are A60m WS sensor only. Only the Blue 60m data are therefore appropriate.therefore appropriate.

• All data plots show the difference between the All data plots show the difference between the A60mWS and the B60mWS 5sec values, sorted by A60mWS and the B60mWS 5sec values, sorted by B60m WD.B60m WD.

• Vertical scale is -10 mph to +10 mphVertical scale is -10 mph to +10 mph

• Horizontal scale is B60m WD, 0-360 deg (or whatever Horizontal scale is B60m WD, 0-360 deg (or whatever the range was that day)the range was that day)

• Each plot contains all 17,280 values for each Each plot contains all 17,280 values for each parameter for a 24hr period.parameter for a 24hr period.

A60mWS Interference Zone this day: = 124-159 degA60mWS Interference Zone this day: = 124-159 deg

A60mWS Interference Zone this day: = 125-164 degA60mWS Interference Zone this day: = 125-164 deg

This is B60mWSBeing Affected

A60mWS Interference Zone this day: = 122-160 degA60mWS Interference Zone this day: = 122-160 deg

This is B60mWSBeing Affected

A60mWS Interference Zone based on 15min data A60mWS Interference Zone based on 15min data for Oct ’07 to March ’08 (106-172 deg)for Oct ’07 to March ’08 (106-172 deg)

eDNA Data Can Be Used to eDNA Data Can Be Used to Check/Confirm Reported Calibration Check/Confirm Reported Calibration

ValuesValues

eDNA Data / Excel Can Be Used to eDNA Data / Excel Can Be Used to Check/Confirm Reported Calibration Check/Confirm Reported Calibration

ValuesValues

Oh the Wonders of WeatherOh the Wonders of Weather

For the true blue meteorologist there is For the true blue meteorologist there is nothing like breaking the boredom of a nothing like breaking the boredom of a stagnant high pressure pattern with gravity stagnant high pressure pattern with gravity waves, instability waves, undercutting gust waves, instability waves, undercutting gust fronts, vane rotations, etc., etc., etc. The fronts, vane rotations, etc., etc., etc. The 5sec data can provide additional insight to 5sec data can provide additional insight to the real atmospheric dynamics, not that the real atmospheric dynamics, not that watered down version you get from 15min watered down version you get from 15min data, or God forbid, hourly averages. A data, or God forbid, hourly averages. A couple of examples…..couple of examples…..

90m, 60m, 10m Wind Speeds for 10-01-06. 90m, 60m, 10m Wind Speeds for 10-01-06. Who needs delta-T to determine stability?Who needs delta-T to determine stability?

Daytime WS OscillationsDaytime WS Oscillations

Closeup of WS OscillationsCloseup of WS Oscillations

Afternoon L&V Vane RotationsAfternoon L&V Vane Rotations

Ice storm thaw – Ice breaks free from 60m Ice storm thaw – Ice breaks free from 60m sensors (red) and of course falls and takes sensors (red) and of course falls and takes

out the 10m WS sensor (blue)out the 10m WS sensor (blue)

Summary & ConclusionsSummary & ConclusionsThe use of raw 5sec data can be very beneficial to a The use of raw 5sec data can be very beneficial to a

met tower program providing:met tower program providing:

Early detection of system problems, or in some Early detection of system problems, or in some cases, the only way to definitely identify the cases, the only way to definitely identify the situation.situation.

A systematic methodology for looking for tower or A systematic methodology for looking for tower or other obstructional effects on instrument other obstructional effects on instrument exposures before data are watered down by exposures before data are watered down by averaging.averaging.

Provides a true data record of calibration checks Provides a true data record of calibration checks and tests.and tests.

Provides additional insight into the dynamics of Provides additional insight into the dynamics of the local meterology. the local meterology.

For Questions or Comments:For Questions or Comments:Tim WaldronTim WaldronMet AssociatesMet Associates34 Deborah Drive34 Deborah DriveSt. Peters, MO. 63376St. Peters, MO. 63376(636) 240-1561(636) 240-1561

One on ice for Harold…. ThanksOne on ice for Harold…. Thanks